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Nandhini J, Ramasamy S, Ramya K, Kaul RN, Felix AJW, Austin RD. Is nonsurgical management effective in temporomandibular joint disorders? - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2018; 15:231-241. [PMID: 30123299 PMCID: PMC6073942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various nonsurgical interventions have been used for the management of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, but their clinical effectiveness remains unclear. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analyses was to assess the evidence of the effectiveness of nonsurgical interventions in the management of TMJ disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search on five databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central Cochrane, TRIP, NGCH databases and hand searching was conducted for a period from October 1995 to 2015. Randomized control trials (RCTs) on the nonsurgical management of TMJ disorders were included and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of the articles was assessed by JADAD scoring. Finally, out of 23 RCTs, 11 articles having any of the primary outcomes (pain pressure threshold [PPT], pain, maximal pain-free mouth opening, and level of dysfunction) were selected. The extracted data were analyzed using NCSS software. RESULTS The results showed the evidence of pain reduction (P = 0.00), maximal pain-free mouth opening (P = 0.0138), and decrease in level of dysfunction (P = 0.0007) but no improvement in PPT to a significant level (P = 0.6600). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the simplest, cost-effective nonsurgical treatments have a positive therapeutic effect on the initial management of TMJ disorders. However, a consistent methodology recording both the objective and subjective outcomes would be a better choice for added reliability.
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Nandhini J, Ramasamy S, Kaul RN, Austin RD. Juvenile primary extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma, presenting as cheek swelling. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:S73-S76. [PMID: 29491611 PMCID: PMC5824524 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_43_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiofibroma is a locally advancing immensely vascular tumor that essentially arises from the nasopharynx. The clinical characteristics of extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma (ENA) do not accord to that of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma and can present a diagnostic confront. We describe a case of primary juvenile ENA in a 19-year-old patient who presented with a rapidly enlarging mass of the cheek region. The case is unusual because of its anatomic location. The diagnostic and management particulars are sketched.
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Krishnakumar S, Ramasamy S, Simon Peter T, Godson PS, Chandrasekar N, Magesh NS. Geospatial risk assessment and trace element concentration in reef associated sediments, northern part of Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, Southeast Coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 125:522-529. [PMID: 28838599 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fifty two surface sediments were collected from the northern part of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve to assess the geospatial risk of sediments. We found that distribution of organic matter and CaCO3 distributions were locally controlled by the mangrove litters and fragmented coral debris. In addition, Fe and Mn concentrations in the marine sediments were probably supplied through the riverine input and natural processes. The Geo-accumulation of elements fall under the uncontaminated category except Pb. Lead show a wide range of contamination from uncontaminated-moderately contaminated to extremely contaminated category. The sediment toxicity level of the elements revealed that the majority of the sediments fall under moderately to highly polluted sediments (23.07-28.84%). The grades of potential ecological risk suggest that predominant sediments fall under low to moderate risk category (55.7-32.7%). The accumulation level of trace elements clearly suggests that the coral reef ecosystem is under low to moderate risk.
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Krishnakumar S, Ramasamy S, Chandrasekar N, Simon Peter T, Gopal V, Godson PS, Magesh NS. Trace element concentrations in reef associated sediments of Koswari Island, Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:515-522. [PMID: 28196651 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive field work was conducted in order to assess the sediment pollution level and potential ecological risk on coral reef ecosystem. Thirty three surface sample was collected using grid sampling technique. The calcium carbonate and organic matter were primarily controlled by the distribution of coral rubbles and seagrass meadows. The concentration of trace elements is higher than the crustal average in few locations and the same result was derived from index calculations. However, the significant concentration of lead was observed throughout the study area. The elevated level of lead is probably due to coal incinerating power plants, and confluence of urban runoff from the nearby coastal areas. Based on the sediment pollution index, the majority of the sediments belongs to highly polluted to dangerously polluted category. The ecological risk indicates that the sediments are under low risk to moderate risk category and this result was proved by correlation analysis.
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Radhika T, Nagamani G, Zhu Q, Ramasamy S, Saravanakumar R. Further results on dissipativity analysis for Markovian jump neural networks with randomly occurring uncertainties and leakage delays. Neural Comput Appl 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-017-2942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zeniou A, Ramasamy S, Murray L, Sen M, Cardale K, Dyker K, Prestwich R. PO-056: Tolerance and outcomes of radical hypofractionated radiotherapy for glottic cancer in the elderly. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Slevin F, Namini S, Owen L, Dugdale E, Fosker C, Ramasamy S, Turner R, Coyle C, Radhakrishna G. The Rapid Access Palliative Ambulatory Radiotherapy Clinic as an Educational Tool – Experience of Leeds Cancer Centre. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:e93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Krishnakumar S, Ramasamy S, Chandrasekar N, Peter TS, Godson PS, Gopal V, Magesh NS. Spatial risk assessment and trace element concentration in reef associated sediments of Van Island, southern part of the Gulf of Mannar, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 115:444-450. [PMID: 27817885 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Forty eight surface sediment samples were collected from the vicinity of Van Island in order to assess the sediment pollution level and potential ecological risk on coral reef ecosystem. The analytical and correlation results indicate a distribution of elements is chiefly controlled by the CaCO3 and OM. The enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index show the elevated level of Pb in the surface sediments is due to application of lead petrol and coal incinerating power plants. The sediment pollution index reveals that majority of the sediments falling under highly polluted sediment category (35.4%) followed by moderately polluted (25%) and dangerous sediment category (14.58%). The potential ecological risk suggests that nearly 66.6% of the samples falling under the low risk category, moderate risk category (20.8%) followed by considerable risk category (8.33%) and very high risk category (4.1%). The accumulation level of trace elements clearly suggests that the coral reef ecosystem is under low risk.
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Kumar LB, Jayaraman V, Mathew P, Ramasamy S, Austin RD. Reliability of lip prints in personal identification: An inter-racial pilot study. J Forensic Dent Sci 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 28123283 PMCID: PMC5210116 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1475.195115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Forensic science is a branch of science that deals with the application of science and technology in solving a crime and this requires a multidisciplinary team effort. The word "Forensic" is derived from the Latin word, "Forensis" which means the study of public. Dental professionals should develop interests in contributing to legal issues. AIMS To study the lip prints among people of different races. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Descriptive study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present study comprised of ninety subjects of which Group A comprised of Africans, Group B comprised of Dravidian, and Group C of Mongoloid race. Each group was then further divided into 15 males and 15 females for whom the lip prints were recorded and evaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED ANOVA test. RESULTS ANOVA statistical analysis was used to compare three races of African, Dravidian, and Mongoloid races. The observed data among male and female were found to be significant with a P = 0.000492. CONCLUSION The present study showed a significant difference in lip pattern among the three races. Perhaps future studies with a larger sample size and comparison between many other races may be done for better personal identification.
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Metcalfe E, Aspin L, Speight R, Ermiş E, Ramasamy S, Cardale K, Dyker K, Sen M, Prestwich R. Postoperative (Chemo)Radiotherapy for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Outcomes and Patterns of Failure. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chew EGY, Ho BSY, Ramasamy S, Dawson T, Tennakoon C, Liu X, Leong WMS, Yang SYS, Lim SYD, Jaffar H, Hillmer AM, Bigliardi-Qi M, Bigliardi PL. Comparative transcriptome profiling provides new insights into mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia progression. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:265-269. [PMID: 27239811 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ramasamy S, Murray P, Prestwich R, Dyker K, Cardale K, Fosker C, Sen M. Clinical Outcomes of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer Treated With Radical Intent: A Single-Center Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ramasamy S, Nagamani G, Radhika T. Further Results on Dissipativity Criterion for Markovian Jump Discrete-Time Neural Networks with Two Delay Components Via Discrete Wirtinger Inequality Approach. Neural Process Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11063-016-9559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ward G, Ramasamy S, Sykes JR, Prestwich R, Chowdhury F, Scarsbrook A, Murray P, Harris K, Crellin A, Hatfield P, Sebag-Montefiore D, Spezi E, Crosby T, Radhakrishna G. Superiority of Deformable Image Co-registration in the Integration of Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography to the Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Pathway for Oesophageal Carcinoma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016; 28:655-62. [PMID: 27266819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the use of image co-registration in incorporating diagnostic positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) directly into the radiotherapy treatment planning pathway, and to describe the pattern of local recurrence relative to the PET-avid volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients were retrospectively identified, six of whom had local recurrence. The accuracy of deformable image registration (DIR) and rigid registration of the diagnostic PET-CT and recurrence CT, to the planning CT, were quantitatively assessed by comparing co-registration of oesophagus, trachea and aorta contours. DIR was used to examine the correlation between PET-avid volumes, dosimetry and site of recurrence. RESULTS Positional metrics including the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and conformity index (CI), showed DIR to be superior to rigid registration in the co-registration of diagnostic and recurrence imaging to the planning CT. For diagnostic PET-CT, DIR was superior to rigid registration in the transfer of oesophagus (DSC=0.75 versus 0.65, P<0.009 and CI=0.59 versus 0.48, P<0.003), trachea (DSC=0.88 versus 0.65, P<0.004 and CI=0.78 versus 0.51, P<0.0001) and aorta structures (DSC=0.93 versus 0.86, P<0.006 and CI=0.86 versus 0.76, P<0.006). For recurrence imaging, DIR was superior to rigid registration in the transfer of trachea (DSC=0.91 versus 0.66, P<0.03 and CI=0.83 versus 0.51, P<0.02) and oesophagus structures (DSC=0.74 versus 0.51, P<0.004 and CI=0.61 versus 0.37, P<0.006) with a non-significant trend for the aorta (DSC=0.91 versus 0.75, P<0.08 and CI=0.83 versus 0.63, P<0.06) structure. A mean inclusivity index of 0.93 (range 0.79-1) showed that the relapse volume was within the planning target volume (PTVPET-CT); all relapses occurred within the high dose region. CONCLUSION DIR is superior to rigid registration in the co-registration of PET-CT and recurrence CT to the planning CT, and can be considered in the direct integration of PET-CT to the treatment planning process. Local recurrences occur within the PTVPET-CT, suggesting that this is a suitable target for dose-escalation strategies.
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Nagamani G, Ramasamy S. Dissipativity and passivity analysis for uncertain discrete-time stochastic Markovian jump neural networks with additive time-varying delays. Neurocomputing 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van der Hulle T, den Exter PL, Planquette B, Meyer G, Soler S, Monreal M, Jiménez D, Portillo AK, O'Connell C, Liebman HA, Shteinberg M, Adir Y, Tiseo M, Bersanelli M, Abdel-Razeq HN, Mansour AH, Donnelly OG, Radhakrishna G, Ramasamy S, Bozas G, Maraveyas A, Shinagare AB, Hatabu H, Nishino M, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and major hemorrhage in cancer-associated incidental pulmonary embolism among treated and untreated patients: a pooled analysis of 926 patients. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:105-13. [PMID: 26469193 PMCID: PMC7480998 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: We performed a pooled analysis of 926 patients with cancer-associated incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE). Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are associated with a higher risk of major hemorrhage. Recurrence risk is comparable after subsegmental and more proximally localized IPE. Our results support low molecular weight heparins over VKA and similar management of subsegmental IPE. BACKGROUND Incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) is defined as pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed on computed tomography scanning not performed for suspected PE. IPE has been estimated to occur in 3.1% of all cancer patients and is a growing challenge for clinicians and patients. Nevertheless, knowledge about the treatment and prognosis of cancer-associated IPE is scarce. We aimed to provide the best available evidence on IPE management. METHODS Incidence rates of symptomatic recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), major hemorrhage, and mortality during 6-month follow-up were pooled using individual patient data from studies identified by a systematic literature search. Subgroup analyses based on cancer stage, thrombus localization, and management were performed. RESULTS In 926 cancer patients with IPE from 11 cohorts, weighted pooled 6-month risks of recurrent VTE, major hemorrhage and mortality were 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7-8.3%), 4.7% (95% CI 3.0-6.8%), and 37% (95% CI 28-47%). VTE recurrence risk was comparable under low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) (6.2% vs. 6.4%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.9; 95% CI 0.3-3.1), while 12% in untreated patients (HR 2.6; 95% CI 0.91-7.3). Risk of major hemorrhage was higher under VKAs than under LMWH (13% vs. 3.9%; HR 3.9; 95% CI 1.6-10). VTE recurrence risk was comparable in patients with an subsegmental IPE and those with a more proximally localized IPE (HR 1.1; 95% CI 0.50-2.4). CONCLUSION These results support the current recommendation to anticoagulate cancer-associated IPE with LMWH and argue against different management of subsegmental IPE.
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Krishnakumar S, Ramasamy S, Magesh NS, Chandrasekar N, Simon Peter T. Metal concentrations in the growth bands of Porites sp.: A baseline record on the history of marine pollution in the Gulf of Mannar, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 101:409-416. [PMID: 26490406 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out on the Porites coral growth bands (1979 to 2014) to measure the metal accumulation for assessing the environmental pollution status. The concentrations of studied metals are compared with similar global studies, which indicate that the metals are probably derived from natural sources. The identical peaks of Fe and Mn are perfectly matched with Cu, Cr and Ni concentrations. However, the metal profile trend is slightly depressed from a regular trend in Zn, Cd and Pb peaks. The metal accumulation affinity of the reef skeleton is ranked in the following order Cr>Cd>Pb>Fe>Mn>Cu>Ni>Zn. The distribution of metal constituents in coral growth bands is primarily controlled by Fe and Mn in the reef skeleton. Other reef associated metals such as Pb and Cd are derived from other sources like coastal developments and anthropogenic sources.
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Nagamani G, Ramasamy S, Meyer-Baese A. Robust dissipativity and passivity based state estimation for discrete-time stochastic Markov jump neural networks with discrete and distributed time-varying delays. Neural Comput Appl 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-015-2100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Murray L, Ramasamy S, Lilley J, Snee M, Clarke K, Musunuru HB, Needham A, Turner R, Sangha V, Flatley M, Franks K. Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) in Patients with Medically Inoperable Peripheral Early Stage Lung Cancer: Outcomes for the First UK SABR Cohort. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015; 28:4-12. [PMID: 26474546 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To report outcomes for the first UK cohort treated for early stage peripheral lung cancer using stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were included who received SABR between May 2009 and May 2012. Electronic medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics, treatment details and outcomes. Patients were treated according to the UK SABR Consortium Guidelines. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to determine factors that influenced overall survival and local control. RESULTS In total, 273 patients received SABR for 288 lesions in the time period examined. The median follow-up was 19.7 months. The median overall survival for all patients was 27.3 months, with 1, 2 and 3 year overall survival of 78.0, 54.9 and 38.6%, respectively. The 1, 2 and 3 year rates of local control were 98.2, 95.7 and 95.7%, respectively. All patients completed the planned course of treatment and rates of Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3+ toxicity were low. On multivariate analysis, patients with Medical Research Council (MRC) breathlessness scores of 3-5 had worse overall survival compared with patients with scores of 1-2 (hazard ratio: 2.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.25-3.59) and the presence of histological diagnosis conferred improved overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.31-0.93), probably reflecting that patients who are considered well enough to undergo biopsy are generally fitter overall. No factors were identified that significantly influenced local control. CONCLUSIONS SABR is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with early stage peripheral lung cancer who are not suitable for surgery. No patient cohort was identified in whom SABR was considered inappropriate. This series adds to the existing positive data that support SABR for this patient group.
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Venkatasubbu GD, Ramasamy S, Gaddam PR, Kumar J. Acute and subchronic toxicity analysis of surface modified paclitaxel attached hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10 Suppl 1:137-48. [PMID: 26491315 PMCID: PMC4599604 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely used for targeted drug delivery applications. Surface modification with appropriate polymer and ligands is carried out to target the drug to the affected area. Toxicity analysis is carried out to evaluate the safety of the surface modified nanoparticles. In this study, paclitaxel attached, folic acid functionalized, polyethylene glycol modified hydroxyapatite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were used for targeted drug delivery system. The toxicological behavior of the system was studied in vivo in rats and mice. Acute and subchronic studies were carried out. Biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analysis was also done. There were no significant alterations in the biochemical parameters at a low dosage. There was a small change in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level at a high dosage. The results indicate a safe toxicological profile.
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Kaur R, Subbarayalu M, Jagadeesan R, Daglish GJ, Nayak MK, Naik HR, Ramasamy S, Subramanian C, Ebert PR, Schlipalius DI. Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:188-94. [PMID: 25853517 PMCID: PMC4814238 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3) fumigation is the primary method worldwide for controlling insect pests of stored commodities. Over-reliance on phosphine, however, has led to the emergence of strong resistance. Detailed genetic studies previously identified two loci, rph1 and rph2, that interact synergistically to create a strong resistance phenotype. We compared the genetics of phosphine resistance in strains of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum from India and Australia, countries having similar pest species but widely differing in pest management practices. Sequencing analysis of the rph2 locus, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld), identified two structurally equivalent variants, Proline49>Serine (P49S) in one R. dominica strain and P45S in three strains of T. castaneum from India. These variants of the DLD protein likely affect FAD cofactor interaction with the enzyme. A survey of insects from storage facilities across southern India revealed that the P45/49S variant is distributed throughout the region at very high frequencies, in up to 94% of R. dominica and 97% of T. castaneum in the state of Tamil Nadu. The abundance of the P45/49S variant in insect populations contrasted sharply with the evolutionary record in which the variant was absent from eukaryotic DLD sequences. This suggests that the variant is unlikely to provide a strong selective advantage in the absence of phosphine fumigation.
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Gabardi S, Ramasamy S, Kim M, Klasek R, Carter D, Mackenzie MR, Chandraker A, Tan CS. Impact of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on the incidence of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients with human BK polyomavirus viremia. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:536-43. [PMID: 25989423 PMCID: PMC4529764 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 20% of renal transplant recipients (RTR) will develop human BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) viremia. BKPyV viremia is a pre-requisite of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN). Risk of BKPyV infections increases with immunosuppression. Currently, the only effective therapy against PyVAN is reductions in immunosuppression, but this may increase the risk of rejection. In vitro data have shown that pravastatin dramatically decreased caveolin-1 expression in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEC) and suppressed BKPyV infection in these cells. Based on these data, we postulated that statin therapy may prevent the progression of BKPyV viremia to PyVAN. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in adult RTR transplanted between July 2005 and March 2012. All patients with documented BKPyV viremia (viral load >500 copies/mL on 2 consecutive tests) were included. Group I consisted of patients taking a statin before the BKPyV viremia diagnosis (n = 32), and Group II had no statin exposure before or after the BKPyV viremia diagnosis (n = 36). The primary endpoint was the incidence of PyVAN. RESULTS Demographic data, transplant characteristics, and the degree of immunosuppression (i.e., induction/maintenance therapies, rejection treatment) were similar between the groups, with the exception of more diabetics in Group I. The incidence of PyVAN was comparable between the 2 groups (Group I = 28.1% vs. Group II = 41.7%; P = 0.312). CONCLUSIONS Despite the proven in vitro effectiveness of pravastatin preventing BKPyV infection in HRPTEC, statins at doses maximized for cholesterol lowering, in RTR with BKPyV viremia, did not prevent progression to PyVAN.
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Slevin F, Subesinghe M, Ramasamy S, Sen M, Scarsbrook AF, Prestwich RJD. Assessment of outcomes with delayed (18)F-FDG PET-CT response assessment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140592. [PMID: 26081447 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of a 4-month post-(chemo)radiotherapy 18-fludeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS 105 patients who underwent a baseline and response assessment (18)F-FDG PET-CT scan between 2008 and April 2013 were identified. (18)F-FDG PET-CT outcomes were analysed with reference to clinicopathological outcomes. RESULTS 79 of 105 (75%) (18)F-FDG PET-CT scans demonstrated a complete metabolic response; 19 of 101 (19%) for assessable primary tumours were positive; and 19 of 93 (20%) for patients with nodal disease were equivocal (n = 10) or positive (n = 9). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for primary and nodal disease were 90%, 89%, 47%, 99% and 91%, 89%, 53% and 99%, respectively. Eight of nine patients with a positive nodal response scan had clinicopathological evidence of residual nodal disease (PPV, 89%). 2 of 10 patients with equivocal nodal responses had clinicopathological evidence of residual nodal disease (PPV, 20%). CONCLUSION (18)F-FDG PET-CT 4 months post treatment has a very high NPV. A positive (18)F-FDG PET-CT has a high PPV for residual nodal disease. By contrast, patients who have an equivocal nodal response have a low PPV. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Response assessment (18)F-FDG PET-CT is a valuable tool in guiding the selective use of neck dissection following (chemo)radiotherapy for HNSCC. An equivocal lymph node response has a limited predictive value for persistent disease, and optimal management remains a clinical challenge.
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Bird D, Speight R, Sykes J, Carey B, Subesinghe M, Ramasamy S, Karakaya E, Bayman E, Scarsbrook A, Prestwich R. OC-0063: Multimodality imaging for target volume delineation in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marriappan L, Ramasamy S, Robert F. Weekly radiotherapy for basal cell carcinoma in the frail and elderly. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1237-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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