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Dai L, Rutkevych PP, Chakraborty S, Wu G, Ye J, Lau YH, Ramanarayan H, Wu DT. Molecular dynamics simulation of octacosane for phase diagrams and properties via the united-atom scheme. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21262-21271. [PMID: 34543374 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We used the united-atom scheme to build three types of crystalline structures for octacosane (C28H58) and carried out molecular dynamics simulations to investigate their phase properties. By gradually heating the three polymorphs, we managed to reproduce the sequence of experimentally reported crystalline phases and rotator phases. By studying the system density, molecule morphology, chain tilt angle and cell anisotropy, we hypothesized three mechanisms behind the observed system deformations and phase transformations during the annealing process. Furthermore, our model successfully predicted the melting temperature and heat of fusion. We also reproduced the characteristics of the rotator phases and the liquid phase, validating the transferability of the united-atom scheme among the different condensed phases of octacosane. Our methodology represents an effective and efficient means of numerical study for octacosane and may be used for other members of the n-alkane family.
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Menezes AFB, Mazucheli J, de Oliveira RP, Chakraborty S. Improved maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the Gamma-Uniform distribution with bias-corrections. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2021.1951760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Basu Achari R, Goyal L, Chakraborty S, Arunsingh M, Arun B, Das S, Bhattacharyya T, Mallick I, Chatterjee S, Chatterjee J, Dhara S, Ghosh N, Mukhopadhyay J. PO-1033 Molecular profile and early MRI changes after chemoradiation in high grade diffuse astrocytoma. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sasidharan R, Bhattacharyya T, H Lal V, Mallick I, ArunSingh M, Chakraborty S, Basu Achari R, Chatterjee S. PO-1233 Real world results of CTRT in Ca esophagus: Can SCOPE-1 results be replicated outside trial setting? Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chakraborty A, Chakraborty S, Sen S, Bhatacharya T, Khemka R. Modification of the sacral erector spinae plane block using an ultrasound-guided sacral foramen injection: dermatomal distribution and radiocontrast study. Anaesthesia 2021; 76:1538-1539. [PMID: 34309009 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Gourain V, Benz M, Scheiger J, Levkin P, Popova A. Droplet microarrays for cell culture: effect of surface properties and nanoliter culture volume on global transcriptomic landscape. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100112. [PMID: 34124640 PMCID: PMC8175407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel chemically developed and physically defined surfaces and environments for cell culture and screening is important for various biological applications. The Droplet microarray (DMA) platform based on hydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterning enables high-throughput cellular screening in nanoliter volumes and on various biocompatible surfaces. Here we performed phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of HeLa-CCL2 cells cultured on DMA, with a goal to analyze cellular response on different surfaces and culture volumes down to 3 nL, compared with conventional cell culture platforms. Our results indicate that cells cultured on four tested substrates: nanostructured nonpolymer, rough and smooth variants of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) polymer and poly(thioether) dendrimer are compatible with cells grown in Petri dish. Cells cultured on nanostructured nonpolymer coating exhibited the closet transcriptomic resemblance to that of cells grown in Petri dish. Analysis of cells cultured in 100, 9, and 3 nL media droplets on DMA indicated that all but cells grown in 3 nL volumes had unperturbed viability with minimal alterations in the transcriptome compared with 96-well plate. Our findings demonstrate the applicability of DMA for cell-based assays and highlight the possibility of establishing regular cell culture on various biomaterial-coated substrates and in nanoliter volumes, along with routinely used cell culture platforms.
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Kalai S, Roychoudhury P, Dutta TK, Subudhi PK, Chakraborty S, Barman NN, Sen A. Multidrug resistant staphylococci isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis in North eastern Region of India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 72:535-541. [PMID: 33421175 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exudative epidermatitis or greasy pig disease (GPD) is a contagious disease of pig and endemic worldwide caused by toxigenic strains under genus Staphylococcus. The present study reported an outbreak of GPD in Champhai district of Mizoram adjoining to the southern border of Myanmar. A total of 60 samples were collected from 22 clinically affected animals and processed for isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biofilm production assay and detection of virulence genes, biofilm genes and mec genes followed by cloning and sequencing for phylogenetic analysis. A total of 44 staphylococci belonged to four species (S. sciuri, S. aureus,S. lentus, and S. hyicus) were isolated. Majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant with maximum resistance against ampicillin, penicillin including vancomycin. None of the S. hyicus isolates was methicillin resistant (MRSH) but 66·67% isolates were MRSA. By PCR, mecA gene was detected in S. aureus (n = 2), S. sciuri (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 3). Biofilm associated gene icaD was detected in S. aureus (n = 3), S. sciuri (n = 5), S. hyicus (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 6). The exfoliative toxin genes (ehxB, shetA and tsst1) were detected in S. hyicus (n = 3) and S. aureus (n = 1) isolates. All the isolates were closely related with the isolates from pigs of China, Germany, Japan and USA. The pathogens might be transmitted through illegal migration of pigs from Myanmar to India.
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Bueno-Zabala KA, Lopresto CG, Calabro V, Curcio S, Ruiz-Colorado AA, Chakraborty S. Optimized Production of Glucose Syrup and Enzyme Membrane Reactor Using In Situ Product Recovery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hunter E, Stander M, Kossmann J, Chakraborty S, Prince S, Peters S, Loedolff B. Toward the identification of a phytocannabinoid-like compound in the flowers of a South African medicinal plant (Leonotis leonurus). BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:522. [PMID: 33172494 PMCID: PMC7653773 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current global trends on natural therapeutics suggest an increasing market interest toward the use and discovery of new plant-derived therapeutic compounds, often referred to as traditional medicine (TM). The Cannabis industry is currently one such focal area receiving attention, owing to the occurrence of phytocannabinoids (pCBs) which have shown promise in health-promotion and disease prevention. However, the occurrence of pCBs in other plant species are often overlooked and rarely studied. Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. Br. is endemic to South Africa with a rich history of use in TM practices amongst indigenous people and, has been recorded to induce mild psychoactive effects akin to Cannabis. While the leaves have been well-reported to contain therapeutic phytochemicals, little information exists on the flowers. Consequently, as part of a larger research venture, we targeted the flowers of L. leonurus for the identification of potential pCB or pCB-like compounds. RESULTS Flower extracts were separated and analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). A single pCB candidate was isolated from HPTLC plates and, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we could successfully group this compound as a fatty amide and tentatively identified as 7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoylethanolamine (adrenoyl-EA), a known bioactive compound.
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Talaat KR, Porter CK, Bourgeois AL, Lee TK, Duplessis CA, Maciel M, Gutierrez RL, DeNearing B, Adjoodani B, Adkinson R, Testa KJ, Feijoo B, Alcala AN, Brubaker J, Beselman A, Chakraborty S, Sack D, Halpern J, Trop S, Wu H, Jiao J, Sullivan E, Riddle MS, Joseph SS, Poole ST, Prouty MG. Oral delivery of Hyperimmune bovine serum antibodies against CS6-expressing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as a prophylactic against diarrhea. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1732852. [PMID: 32167011 PMCID: PMC7524165 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1732852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Oral administration of bovine antibodies active against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) have demonstrated safety and efficacy against diarrhea in human challenge trials. The efficacy of bovine serum immunoglobulins (BSIgG) against recombinant colonization factor CS6 or whole cell ETEC strain B7A was assessed against challenge with the CS6-expressing B7A. METHODS . This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which healthy adults received oral hyperimmune BSIgG anti-CS6, anti-B7A whole cell killed or non-hyperimmune BSIgG (placebo) in a 1:1:1 ratio then challenged with ETEC B7A. Two days pre-challenge, volunteers began a thrice daily, seven day course of immunoprophylaxis. On day 3, subjects received 1 × 1010 CFUs of B7A. Subjects were observed for safety and the primary endpoint of moderate-severe diarrhea (MSD). RESULTS . A total of 59 volunteers received product and underwent ETEC challenge. The BSIgG products were well-tolerated across all subjects. Upon challenge, 14/20 (70%) placebo recipients developed MSD, compared to 12/19 (63%; p = .74) receiving anti-CS6 BSIgG and 7/20 (35%; p = .06) receiving anti-B7A BSIgG. Immune responses to the ETEC infection were modest across all groups. CONCLUSIONS . Bovine-derived serum antibodies appear safe and well tolerated. Antibodies derived from cattle immunized with whole cell B7A provided 50% protection against MSD following B7A challenge; however, no protection was observed in subjects receiving serum antibodies targeting CS6. The lack of observed efficacy in this group may be due to low CS6 surface expression on B7A, the high dose challenge inoculum and/or the use of serum derived antibodies versus colostrum-derived antibodies.
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Guarnizo A, Chung HS, Chakraborty S. Subcallosal haemorrhage as a sign of diffuse axonal injury in patients with traumatic brain injury. Clin Radiol 2020; 76:237.e15-237.e21. [PMID: 33160606 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the relationship between subcallosal haemorrhage and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) grading. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of all patients with traumatic brain injury over the past 5 years were reviewed. Subcallosal haemorrhage was defined as the presence of haemorrhage on admission CT underneath the corpus callosum. Grading of DAI was performed using MRI or CT exclusive of subcallosal haemorrhage status. The association of demographic factors, mechanism of injury, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, and positive subcallosal haemorrhage status with the presence of moderate-severe DAI was assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of subcallosal haemorrhage status in predicting DAI severity. Median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were compared between subcallosal haemorrhage positive and negative cases. RESULTS The images of 1,150 patients were reviewed with 301 patients showing DAI. Of those, 64 patients (21.2%) and 237 patients (78.7%) were positive and negative for subcallosal haemorrhage, respectively. Isolated subcallosal haemorrhage was noted in 15 patients (23.4%). A subcallosal haemorrhage positive status (OR=5.16, p < 0.001) was statistically significantly associated with moderate-severe DAI. The ROC curve for predicting moderate-severe DAI with subcallosal haemorrhage status showed an area under the curve of 0.625 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.561-0.688, p < 0.001). The median mRS score was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the subcallosal haemorrhage positive group (median 4.5, interquartile range [IQR] 2-6) versus the negative group (median 2, IQR 2-3). Isolated subcallosal haemorrhage group showed moderate-severe DAI in 80% (12/15) of cases. CONCLUSION Subcallosal haemorrhage is a highly specific radiographic predictor of moderate-severe DAI (grade 2-3).
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Bhusal S, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty S, Kumari A, Bachianathan S, Mahato A, Lal P, Gupta S, Solomon P, Das K, Mandal S. PO-1797: Dosimetric analysis of simultaneous integrated boost in the HYPORT Adjuvant Trial (NCT03788213). Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dubey SR, Chakraborty S, Roy SK, Mukherjee S, Singh SK, Chaudhuri BB. diffGrad: An Optimization Method for Convolutional Neural Networks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2020; 31:4500-4511. [PMID: 31880565 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2019.2955777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is one of the core techniques behind the success of deep neural networks. The gradient provides information on the direction in which a function has the steepest rate of change. The main problem with basic SGD is to change by equal-sized steps for all parameters, irrespective of the gradient behavior. Hence, an efficient way of deep network optimization is to have adaptive step sizes for each parameter. Recently, several attempts have been made to improve gradient descent methods such as AdaGrad, AdaDelta, RMSProp, and adaptive moment estimation (Adam). These methods rely on the square roots of exponential moving averages of squared past gradients. Thus, these methods do not take advantage of local change in gradients. In this article, a novel optimizer is proposed based on the difference between the present and the immediate past gradient (i.e., diffGrad). In the proposed diffGrad optimization technique, the step size is adjusted for each parameter in such a way that it should have a larger step size for faster gradient changing parameters and a lower step size for lower gradient changing parameters. The convergence analysis is done using the regret bound approach of the online learning framework. In this article, thorough analysis is made over three synthetic complex nonconvex functions. The image categorization experiments are also conducted over the CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 data sets to observe the performance of diffGrad with respect to the state-of-the-art optimizers such as SGDM, AdaGrad, AdaDelta, RMSProp, AMSGrad, and Adam. The residual unit (ResNet)-based convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is used in the experiments. The experiments show that diffGrad outperforms other optimizers. Also, we show that diffGrad performs uniformly well for training CNN using different activation functions. The source code is made publicly available at https://github.com/shivram1987/diffGrad.
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Mallick I, Paul S, Chakraborty S. Stress and Burnout among Radiation Oncologists in India. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Santosham R, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty S, Mahata A, Mandal S, Das A, Kumari A, Ray S, Ahmed R. PO-0985: Hypofractionated radiotherapy with SIB in advanced incurable breast cancer-HYPORT B study. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mallick I, Lal V, Arunsingh M, Bhattacharyya T, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty S, Achari R. PO-1528: Predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in esophageal cancer using CT radiomic features. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Maulik S, Mallick I, Arunsingh M, Chatterjee S, Achari R, Chakraborty S, Arun B, Prasath S. PO-1196: long term results with moderately hypofractionated RT in high-risk localized prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zakhari N, Nguyen T, Omaiche S, Chakraborty S. Posterior spinal cord indentation: imaging findings and clinical outcome. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:615-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Gowrishankar J, Joshi A, Kannan P, Kohli RK, Lakhotia SC, Misra G, Nautiyal CM, Ramasubramanian K, Sathyamurthy N, Singhvi AK. Suggestions for a National Framework for Publication of and Access to Literature in Science and Technology in India. CURR SCI INDIA 2020. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v118/i7/1026-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lakhoo K, Davies J, Chakraborty S, Berg S, Tennyson R, Fowler D, Manek S, Verrill C, Lane S. Correction to: Development of a new reproductive tissue cryopreservation clinical service for children: the Oxford programme. Pediatr Surg Int 2020; 36:537. [PMID: 32030460 PMCID: PMC7645559 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the published version, the Acknowledgements section was missing a funding note of co-author Dr C Verrill. The corrected version should read as follows.
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Liu K, Sun H, Zhang L, Li B, Chakraborty S, Wang X. Do patient-specific cutting guides and plates improve the accuracy of maxillary repositioning in hemifacial microsomia? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:590-596. [PMID: 32156446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to use computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) patient-specific plates and cutting guides for the waferless positioning and fixation of the maxilla after bimaxillary osteotomies in cases of hemifacial microsomia with condylar dysplasia or absence of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and to compare the results with the CAD/CAM fabricated surgical wafer by 3-dimensional analysis. Eighteen patients were selected from the hospital database, preoperative surgical planning and simulation were done on 3-dimensional computed tomographic models for all patients, and they were divided into Group I - in which CAD/CAM patient-specific cutting guides and plates were used; and Group II - in which CAD/CAM fabricated surgical wafers were used. Finally, the outcome was evaluated by comparing planned with postoperative outcomes. The largest discrepancies of the Le Fort I segment were 0.50 (0.18) mm in the anteroposterior direction and 0.82 (0.60)° in the yaw orientation with Group I. The largest discrepancies of the Le Fort I segment were 1.32 (1.40) mm in superioinferior direction and 8.48 (7.73)° in the yaw orientation with Group II. The CAD/CAM patient-specific cutting guides and plates proved to be reliable and have great value in improving the accuracy in repositioning the Le Fort I segment and in the efficacy of orthognathic treatment of hemifacial microsomia with condylar dysplasia or no TMJ. The CAD/CAM patient-specific cutting guides and plates are therefore a useful alternative to the wafer technique.
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Tarasev M, Chakraborty S, Light L, Alfano K, Pagani F. Red blood cell mechanical fragility as potential metric for assessing blood damage caused by implantable durable ventricular assist devices: Comparison of two types of centrifugal flow left ventricular assist devices. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2020.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Martineau P, Chakraborty S, Faiz K, Shankar J. Imaging of the Spontaneous Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Headache: A Review. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 71:174-185. [PMID: 32063004 DOI: 10.1177/0846537119888395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a significant cause of chronic, postural headaches. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is generally believed to be associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, and these leaks can be posttraumatic, iatrogenic, or idiopathic in origin. An integral part of the management of patients with this condition consists of localizing and stopping the leaks. Radiologists play a central role in the workup of this condition detecting leaks using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or nuclear imaging. In this article, we briefly review SIH and the various imaging modalities, which can be used to identify and localize a spontaneous CSF leak.
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Lopresto CG, De Paola MG, Albo L, Policicchio MF, Chakraborty S, Calabro V. Comparative analysis of immobilized biocatalyst: study of process variables in trans-esterification reaction. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:443. [PMID: 31763121 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study deals with an experimental investigation into the trans-esterification behavior of two biocatalysts produced by different immobilization techniques of the same lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia. Biocatalysts catalyzed trans-esterification of commercial frying oil. It was verified that no enzyme leaching occurs and stepwise addition of ethanol is needed to improve the process performance. When stoichiometric ethanol has been added completely at the beginning of the reaction, percent mass fraction of esters reached 33% after 9 h and 52% after 30 h. Instead, when ethanol has been added in steps, ester production gradually increased at any time. Moreover, different amounts of biocatalyst were added to the reaction system and it was found that it is not necessary to add more than 3% of biocatalyst with respect to the oil mass to avoid inhibition. The immobilization method influences the reaction progress and the intermediate-glyceride profiles were analyzed. Results showed that the two biocatalysts have the same affinity towards triglycerides, but the covalently immobilized lipase (epobond P. cepacia) has a lower affinity towards diglycerides and monoglycerides and, in general, a lower activity than the absorbed lipase (lipo P. cepacia).
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Chatterjee S, Mallick I, Chakraborty S, Prasath S, Arunsingh M, Achari RB, Arun B, Nallathambi C, Pattatheyil A, Sen S. Helical Radiotherapy in Early Laryngeal Cancers Could Lead to Excess Local Recurrence: Lessons From a Phase II Prospective Study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 32:e67-e75. [PMID: 31704170 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A prospective study was conducted to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of carotid-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (CSIMRT) in early glottic cancers (EGC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients underwent CSIMRT using helical tomotherapy to a dose of 55 Gy/20 fractions/4 weeks. Carotid intimal thickness (CIT) at prespecified carotid levels was measured using B-mode ultrasound at 6, 18 and 36 months. Serial changes in CIT were also measured in a control prospective cohort of 18 patients with head and neck cancers receiving bilateral neck nodal radiation over the same time period (54-60 Gy/30 fraction/6 weeks). The outcomes of 18 patients undergoing CSIMRT were compared against a retrospective consecutive cohort of 41 patients with EGC to confirm comparable local control. RESULTS No significant CIT differences were identified between patients undergoing CSIMRT versus the control group. However, four patients in the CSIMRT group had a local recurrence between 8 and 39 months. In all patients the epicentre of the recurrence was noted at the anterior part of the larynx. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival was 75.1% (95% confidence interval 56.6-99.7%). By contrast, in the group of EGC patients treated without carotid sparing, local recurrence was noted only in a single patient (patient treated with helical tomotherapy) and the 5-year local recurrence-free survival was 97.1% (95% confidence interval 91.8-100%) (Log-rank P = 0.01). CONCLUSION We failed to show the safety of CSIMRT using helical tomotherapy in this population of EGC patients. Use of CSIMRT also did not translate into a substantial reduction in CIT until 36 months. Use of CSIMRT using rotational arc techniques such as helical tomotherapy may be associated with a greater risk of local recurrence due to intrafractional motion interplay effects.
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