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Kuuliala L, Pippuri T, Hultman J, Auvinen SM, Kolppo K, Nieminen T, Karp M, Björkroth J, Kuusipalo J, Jääskeläinen E. Preparation and antimicrobial characterization of silver-containing packaging materials for meat. Food Packag Shelf Life 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nieminen T, Toivanen PI, Laakkonen JP, Heikura T, Kaikkonen MU, Airenne KJ, Ylä-Herttuala S. Slit2 modifies VEGF-induced angiogenic responses in rabbit skeletal muscle via reduced eNOS activity. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:267-76. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Pietilä H, Perämäki P, Piispanen J, Starr M, Nieminen T, Kantola M, Ukonmaanaho L. Determination of low methylmercury concentrations in peat soil samples by isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS using distillation and solvent extraction methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 124:47-53. [PMID: 25434268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most often, only total mercury concentrations in soil samples are determined in environmental studies. However, the determination of extremely toxic methylmercury (MeHg) in addition to the total mercury is critical to understand the biogeochemistry of mercury in the environment. In this study, N2-assisted distillation and acidic KBr/CuSO4 solvent extraction methods were applied to isolate MeHg from wet peat soil samples collected from boreal forest catchments. Determination of MeHg was performed using a purge and trap GC-ICP-MS technique with a species-specific isotope dilution quantification. Distillation is known to be more prone to artificial MeHg formation compared to solvent extraction which may result in the erroneous MeHg results, especially with samples containing high amounts of inorganic mercury. However, methylation of inorganic mercury during the distillation step had no effect on the reliability of the final MeHg results when natural peat soil samples were distilled. MeHg concentrations determined in peat soil samples after distillation were compared to those determined after the solvent extraction method. MeHg concentrations in peat soil samples varied from 0.8 to 18 μg kg(-1) (dry weight) and the results obtained with the two different methods did not differ significantly (p=0.05). The distillation method with an isotope dilution GC-ICP-MS was shown to be a reliable method for the determination of low MeHg concentrations in unpolluted soil samples. Furthermore, the distillation method is solvent-free and less time-consuming and labor-intensive when compared to the solvent extraction method.
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Tan ZB, Cox D, Nieminen T, Lähteenmäki P, Golubev D, Lesovik GB, Hakonen PJ. Cooper pair splitting by means of graphene quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:096602. [PMID: 25793837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.096602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A split Cooper pair is a natural source for entangled electrons which is a basic ingredient for quantum information in the solid state. We report an experiment on a superconductor-graphene double quantum dot (QD) system, in which we observe Cooper pair splitting (CPS) up to a CPS efficiency of ∼10%. With bias on both QDs, we are able to detect a positive conductance correlation across the two distinctly decoupled QDs. Furthermore, with bias only on one QD, CPS and elastic cotunneling can be distinguished by tuning the energy levels of the QDs to be asymmetric or symmetric with respect to the Fermi level in the superconductor.
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Riccobono F, Schobesberger S, Scott CE, Dommen J, Ortega IK, Rondo L, Almeida J, Amorim A, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, David A, Downard A, Dunne EM, Duplissy J, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Hansel A, Junninen H, Kajos M, Keskinen H, Kupc A, Kurten A, Kvashin AN, Laaksonen A, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Mathot S, Nieminen T, Onnela A, Petaja T, Praplan AP, Santos FD, Schallhart S, Seinfeld JH, Sipila M, Spracklen DV, Stozhkov Y, Stratmann F, Tome A, Tsagkogeorgas G, Vaattovaara P, Viisanen Y, Vrtala A, Wagner PE, Weingartner E, Wex H, Wimmer D, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Donahue NM, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Baltensperger U. Oxidation Products of Biogenic Emissions Contribute to Nucleation of Atmospheric Particles. Science 2014; 344:717-21. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pietilä H, Perämäki P, Piispanen J, Majuri L, Starr M, Nieminen T, Kantola M, Ukonmaanaho L. Determination of methyl mercury in humic-rich natural water samples using N2-distillation with isotope dilution and on-line purge and trap GC-ICP-MS. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nieminen T, Toivanen PI, Rintanen N, Heikura T, Jauhiainen S, Airenne KJ, Alitalo K, Marjomäki V, Ylä-Herttuala S. The impact of the receptor binding profiles of the vascular endothelial growth factors on their angiogenic features. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:454-63. [PMID: 24112971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are potential therapeutic agents for treatment of ischemic diseases. Their angiogenic effects are mainly mediated through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). METHODS Receptor binding, signaling, and biological efficacy of several VEGFR2 ligands were compared to determine their characteristics regarding angiogenic activity and vascular permeability. RESULTS Tested VEGFR2 ligands induced receptor tyrosine phosphorylation with different efficacy depending on their binding affinities. However, the tyrosine phosphorylation pattern and the activation of the major downstream signaling pathways were comparable. The maximal angiogenic effect stimulated by different VEGFR2 ligands was dependent on their ability to bind to co-receptor Neuropilin (Nrp), which was shown to form complexes with VEGFR2. The ability of these VEGFR2 ligands to induce vascular permeability was dependent on their concentration and VEGFR2 affinity, but not on Nrp binding. CONCLUSIONS VEGFR2 activation alone is sufficient for inducing endothelial cell proliferation, formation of tube-like structures and vascular permeability. The level of VEGFR2 activation is dependent on the binding properties of the ligand used. However, closely similar activation pattern of the receptor kinase domain is seen with all VEGFR2 ligands. Nrp binding strengthens the angiogenic potency without increasing vascular permeability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study sheds light on how different structurally closely related VEGFR2 ligands bind to and signal via VEGFR2/Nrp complex to induce angiogenesis and vascular permeability. The knowledge of this study could be used for designing VEGFR2/Nrp ligands with improved therapeutic properties.
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Halonen P, Nurro J, Kuivanen A, Toivanen P, Nieminen T, Tarkia M, Rissanen TT, Knuuti J, Yla-Herttuala S. Gene transfer using vammin induces robust angiogenesis and increases ejection fraction in ischemic porcine myocardium. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rizas KD, Nieminen T, Barthel P, Zuern CS, Kaehoenen M, Viik J, Eick C, Gawaz M, Schmidt G, Bauer A. Low frequency waves of repolarization as a novel predictor of mortality after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.1620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Heikura T, Nieminen T, Roschier MM, Karvinen H, Kaikkonen MU, Mähönen AJ, Lesch HP, Rissanen TT, Laitinen OH, Airenne KJ, Ylä-Herttuala S. Baculovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor-D(ΔNΔC) gene transfer induces angiogenesis in rabbit skeletal muscle. J Gene Med 2012; 14:35-43. [PMID: 22162149 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occluded arteries and ischemic tissues cannot always be treated by angioplasty, stenting or by-pass-surgery. Under such circumstances, viral gene therapy may be useful in inducing increased blood supply to ischemic area. There is evidence of improved blood flow in ischemic skeletal muscle and myocardium in both animal and human studies using adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene therapy. However, the expression is transient and repeated gene transfers with the same vector are inefficient due to immune responses. METHODS Different baculoviral vectors pseudotyped with or without vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) and/or carrying woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element (Wpre) were tested both in vitro and in vivo. VEGF-D(ΔNΔC) was used as therapeutic transgene and lacZ as a control. In vivo efficacy was evaluated as capillary enlargement and transgene expression in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit skeletal muscle. RESULTS A statistically significant capillary enlargement was detected 6 days after gene transfer in transduced areas compared to the control gene transfers with baculovirus and adenovirus encoding β-galactosidase (lacZ). Substantially improved gene transfer efficiency was achieved with a modified baculovirus pseudotyped with VSV-G and carrying Wpre. Dose escalation experiments revealed that either too large volume or too many virus particles caused inflammation and necrosis in the target tissue, whereas 10(9) plaque forming units injected in multiple aliquots resulted in transgene expression with only mild immune reactions. CONCLUSIONS We show the first evidence of biologically significant baculoviral gene transfer in skeletal muscle of NZW rabbits using VEGF-D(ΔNΔC) as a therapeutic transgene.
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Pyhtilä H, Perämäki P, Piispanen J, Niemelä M, Suoranta T, Starr M, Nieminen T, Kantola M, Ukonmaanaho L. Development and optimization of a method for detecting low mercury concentrations in humic-rich natural water samples using a CV-ICP-MS technique. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nieminen T, Martelin T, Koskinen S, Prattala R, Alanen E, Hyyppa MT. P31 Social capital and health behaviour. Br J Soc Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2010.120477.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nieminen T, Kähönen M, Laitinen T, Kööbi T. Computational and physiological background of the baroreflex sensitivity. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2010; 30:220-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2010.00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Viitanen L, Toivanen PI, Nieminen T, Alitalo A, Roschier M, Jauhiainen S, Markkanen JE, Laitinen OH, Airenne TT, Salminen TA, Johnson MS, Airenne KJ, Ylä-Herttuala S. Homology modeling of VEGF-D as a basis for structural and functional analysis. Acta Crystallogr A 2009. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767309096688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nieminen T, Manninen HE, Sihto SL, Yli-Juuti T, Mauldin RL, Petäjä T, Riipinen I, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M. Connection of sulfuric acid to atmospheric nucleation in boreal forest. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:4715-4721. [PMID: 19673256 DOI: 10.1021/es803152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gas to particle conversion in the boundary layer occurs worldwide. Sulfuric acid is considered to be one of the key components in these new particle formation events. In this study we explore the connection between measured sulfuric acid and observed formation rate of both charged 2 nm as well as neutral clusters in a boreal forest environment A very short time delay of the order of ten minutes between these two parameters was detected. On average the event days were clearly associated with higher sulfuric acid concentrations and lower condensation sink (CS) values than the nonevent days. Although there was not a clear sharp boundary between the nucleation and no-nucleation days in sulfuric acid-CS plane, at our measurement site a typical threshold concentration of 3.10(5) molecules cm(-3) of sulfuric acid was needed to initiate the new particle formation. Two proposed nucleation mechanisms were tested. Our results are somewhat more in favor of activation type nucleation than of kinetic type nucleation, even though our data set is too limited to omit either of these two mechanisms. In line with earlier studies, the atmospheric nucleation seems to start from sizes very close to 2 nm.
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Toivanen PI, Nieminen T, Viitanen L, Alitalo A, Roschier M, Jauhiainen S, Markkanen JE, Laitinen OH, Airenne TT, Salminen TA, Johnson MS, Airenne KJ, Ylä-Herttuala S. Novel vascular endothelial growth factor D variants with increased biological activity. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:16037-48. [PMID: 19366703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family play a pivotal role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. They are potential therapeutics to induce blood vessel formation in myocardium and skeletal muscle, when normal blood flow is compromised. Most members of the VEGF/platelet derived growth factor protein superfamily exist as covalently bound antiparallel dimers. However, the mature form of VEGF-D (VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC)) is predominantly a non-covalent dimer even though the cysteine residues (Cys-44 and Cys-53) forming the intersubunit disulfide bridges in the other members of the VEGF family are also conserved in VEGF-D. Moreover, VEGF-D bears an additional cysteine residue (Cys-25) at the subunit interface. Guided by our model of VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC), the cysteines at the subunit interface were mutated to study the effect of these residues on the structural and functional properties of VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC). The conserved cysteines Cys-44 and Cys-53 were found to be essential for the function of VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC). More importantly, the substitution of the Cys-25 at the dimer interface by various amino acids improved the activity of the recombinant VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC) and increased the dimer to monomer ratio. Specifically, substitutions to hydrophobic amino acids Ile, Leu, and Val, equivalent to those found in other VEGFs, most favorably affected the activity of the recombinant VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC). The increased activity of these mutants was mainly due to stabilization of the protein. This study enables us to better understand the structural determinants controlling the biological activity of VEGF-D. The novel variants of VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC) described here are potential agents for therapeutic applications, where induction of vascular formation is required.
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Nieminen T, Leino J, Maanoja J, Nikus K, Viik J, Lehtimäki T, Kööbi T, Lehtinen R, Niemelä K, Turjanmaa V, Kähönen M. The prognostic value of haemodynamic parameters in the recovery phase of an exercise test. The Finnish Cardiovascular Study. J Hum Hypertens 2008; 22:537-43. [PMID: 18509348 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the change from the peak to recovery values of systolic arterial pressure (SAP recovery) and rate-pressure product (RPP recovery) can be used to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients referred to a clinical exercise stress test. As a part of the Finnish Cardiovascular Study (FINCAVAS), consecutive patients (n=2029; mean age+/-SD=57+/-13 years; 1290 men and 739 women) with a clinically indicated exercise test using a bicycle ergometer were included in the present study. Capacities of attenuated SAP recovery, RPP recovery and heart rate recovery (HRR) to stratify the risk of death were estimated. During a follow-up (mean+/-s.d.) of 47+/-13 months, 122 patients died; 58 of the deaths were cardiovascular and 33 were SCD. In Cox regression analysis after adjustment for the peak level of the variable under assessment, age, sex, use of beta-blockers, previous myocardial infarction and other common coronary risk factors, the hazard ratio of the continuous variable RPP recovery (in units 1000 mm Hg x b.p.m.) was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73-0.98) for SCD, 0.87 (0.78-0.97) for cardiovascular mortality, and 0.87 (0.81 to 0.94) for all-cause mortality. SAP recovery was not a predictor of mortality. The relative risks of having HRR below 18 b.p.m., a widely used cutoff point, were as follows: for SCD 1.28 (0.59-2.81, ns), for cardiovascular mortality 2.39 (1.34-4.26) and for all-cause mortality 2.40 (1.61-3.58). In conclusion, as a readily available parameter, RPP recovery is a promising candidate for a prognostic marker.
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Koskela J, Laiho J, KäHönen M, Rontu R, Lehtinen R, Viik J, Niemi M, Niemelä K, Kööbi T, Turjanmaa V, Pörsti I, Lehtimäki T, Nieminen T. Potassium channel KCNH2 K897T polymorphism and cardiac repolarization during exercise test: The Finnish Cardiovascular Study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2008; 68:31-8. [PMID: 17852802 DOI: 10.1080/00365510701496488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiac repolarization is regulated, in part, by the KCNH2 gene, which encodes a rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifier potassium channel. The gene expresses a functional single nucleotide polymorphism, K897T, which changes the biophysical properties of the channel. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether this polymorphism influences two indices of repolarization--the QT interval and T-wave alternans (TWA)--during different phases of a physical exercise test. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cohort consisted of 1,975 patients undergoing an exercise test during which on-line electrocardiographic data were registered. Information on coronary risk factors and medication was recorded. The 2690A>C nucleotide variation in the KCNH2 gene corresponding to the K897T amino acid change was analysed after polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific TaqMan probes. RESULTS Among all subjects, the QTc intervals did not differ between the three genotype groups (p> or =0.31, RANOVA). Women with the CC genotype tended to have longer QT intervals during the exercise test, but the difference was statistically significant only at rest (p = 0.011, ANOVA). This difference was also detected when the analysis was adjusted for several factors influencing the QT interval. No statistically significant effects of the K897T polymorphism on TWA were observed among all subjects (p = 0.16, RANOVA), nor in men and women separately. CONCLUSIONS The K897T polymorphism of the KCNH2 gene may not be a major genetic determinant for the TWA, but the influence of the CC genotype on QT interval deserves further research among women.
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Nieminen T, Lehtimaki T, Viik J, Lehtinen R, Nikus K, Koobi T, Niemela K, Turjanmaa V, Kaiser W, Huhtala H, Verrier RL, Huikuri H, Kahonen M. T-wave alternans during exercise testing calculated by the method of 'modified moving average': reply. Eur Heart J 2007. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Laaksonen R, Janatuinen T, Vesalainen R, Laine H, Raitakari OT, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Nieminen T. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and coronary reactivity in young men. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2007; 67:596-603. [PMID: 17852816 DOI: 10.1080/00365510701213461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine whether the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene affects the vasodilatory properties of coronary arteries in healthy men. The ACE genotypes of 128 men (mean age 35 +/- 4 years) were determined and related to myocardial blood flow. The blood flow was measured by positron emission tomography at rest and during vasodilation caused by adenosine or dipyridamole infusion. The coronary flows and resistances at rest and during stimulation with adenosine or dipyridamole did not differ between the ACE genotypes. Furthermore, this polymorphism had no effect on coronary flow reserve corrected by a rate-pressure product. In conclusion, the ACE I/D polymorphism does not seem to affect myocardial reactivity--an early indicator of atherosclerosis--in healthy subjects.
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Virtanen MPO, Nieminen T, Kähönen MAP, Majahalme SK, Tuomisto MT, Turjanmaa VMH, Kööbi T. The influence of hemodynamic factors on left ventricular mass. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 22:126-8. [PMID: 17653242 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the relationship between the variability in the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and different hemodynamic factors. LVMI was associated with blood pressure and, in one subgroup, strongly to arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV). High physical activity was connected to increased LVMI, and a combination of low stroke index (SI) and high heart rate (HR) to decreased LVMI.
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Mononen N, Kähönen M, Hyytinen E, Nieminen T, Niemelä K, Karhunen P, Goebeler S, Koivisto P, Lehtimäki T. PO5-134 ANDROGEN RECEPTOR CAG POLYMORPHISM AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nieminen T, Rintaluoma N, Andersson M, Taimisto AM, Ali-Vehmas T, Seppälä A, Priha O, Salkinoja-Salonen M. Toxinogenic Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis from mastitic milk. Vet Microbiol 2007; 124:329-39. [PMID: 17611049 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the occurrence of heat-stable toxin-producing strains among mastitic Bacillus isolates, 100 milk samples of mastitic cows from different parts of Finland were screened. Bacillus was identified as the major organism in 23 samples. Toxinogenic Bacillus isolates identified by sperm cell motility inhibition assay were isolated from six samples. Four isolates belonged to the species Bacillus pumilus and two to Bacillus licheniformis. The toxic substances were heat-stable and soluble to methanol thus being of non-protein nature. The methanol extracted substances disrupted the sperm cell plasma membrane permeability barrier at exposure concentrations of 1-15 microg ml(-1) (B. pumilus) or 20-30 microg ml(-1) (B. licheniformis). The toxic properties of the two mastitic B. licheniformis strains were similar to those of B. licheniformis strains known to produce the lipopeptide lichenysin A and the synthetase genes lchAA, lchAB and lchAC for lichenysin were found in the mastitic strains by PCR. Toxin synthetase genes for the syntheses of lichenysin or surfactin were searched but not found in the toxic B. pumilus strains. The ribopatterns of the mastitic B. pumilus and B. licheniformis isolates were similar to those of the toxinogenic strains described earlier from food poisoning incidents and contaminated indoor air. B. licheniformis and B. pumilus survive pasteurization and other heat treatments as spores. Toxin-producing strains of these species in the dairy production chain may thus be of food safety concern.
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Nieminen T, Lehtimäki T, Mäenpää J, Ropo A, Uusitalo H, Kähönen M. Ophthalmic timolol: plasma concentration and systemic cardiopulmonary effects. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2007; 67:237-45. [PMID: 17366003 DOI: 10.1080/00365510601034736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Timolol maleate is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist currently used mainly as an ocular preparation for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Despite the topical administration, ophthalmic timolol causes systemic adrenergic beta-blocking because of absorption from the eye into the systemic circulation. Gel formulations of ophthalmic timolol have been developed to reduce systemic absorption and adverse effects in comparison with conventional aqueous solution formulations. Timolol is metabolized by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme (CYP2D6). The changes in heart rate (HR) are the most striking effects of the systematically absorbed fraction of ophthalmic timolol, with 0.5 % aqueous formulations presenting larger effects than 0.1 % hydrogel formulations, especially during exercise. Plasma levels of ophthalmic timolol correlate with the changes in HR. Neither 0.5 % aqueous nor 0.1 % hydrogel formulations of timolol have exerted noteworthy effects on systolic (SAP) or diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures, probably because of a compensatory increase in systemic vascular resistance due to the attenuation of HR. Ophthalmic timolol does not exert remarkable effects on pulmonary parameter peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in non-asthmatic patients. CYP2D6 activity is clearly associated with the pharmacokinetic parameters, particularly when 0.5 % aqueous solution of timolol is used: peak plasma concentration, elimination half-life and area-under-the-curve are highest in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers. Finally, since there is a correlation between the plasma level of timolol and several haemodynamic effects - especially HR in the state of elevated beta-adrenergic tonus - the CYP2D6 poor metabolizers may be more prone to bradycardia during treatment with (aqueous) ophthalmic timolol.
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