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Ahn Y, Jeong TS, Lim T, Jeon JY. Grading system for migrated lumbar disc herniation on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging: an agreement study. Neuroradiology 2017; 60:101-107. [PMID: 29085963 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Migrated lumbar disc herniations (LDHs) in the sagittal plane are common. Disc migration grading can be applied as a useful measurement tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome evaluation of migrated LDH. No study has evaluated the reliability of migrated LDH grading. We evaluated the reliability and functionality of the current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading system for migrated LDH. METHODS We assessed a six-level grading system developed based on sagittal MRI and graded according to the direction (rostral and caudal) and degree (low, high, and very high) of disc migration. One-hundred and one migrated LDHs treated with minimally invasive endoscopic discectomy were analyzed independently by two experienced radiologists. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were assessed by kappa statistics. RESULTS The most common migrated LDH grade was grade 4 (30.94%; caudal, low-grade migration). Rostral and caudal migrations were more common in the upper and lower lumbar levels, respectively. Interobserver agreement in the grading of migrated LDH was good at both the first (kappa = 0.737) and second assessment (kappa = 0.657). The intraobserver agreement for reader 1 was very good (kappa = 0.827) and for reader 2 was good (kappa = 0.620). CONCLUSIONS The current grading system for migrated LDH was found to be reliable and functional with good interobserver and intraobserver agreement. It may be useful in the interpretation of disc migration patterns and outcomes of various minimally invasive surgical procedures.
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McGain F, Story D, Lim T, McAlister S. Financial and environmental costs of reusable and single-use anaesthetic equipment. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:862-869. [PMID: 28505289 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. An innovative approach to choosing hospital equipment is to consider the environmental costs in addition to other costs and benefits. METHODS. We used life cycle assessment to model the environmental and financial costs of different scenarios of replacing reusable anaesthetic equipment with single-use variants. The primary environmental costs were CO 2 emissions (in CO 2 equivalents) and water use (in litres). We compared energy source mixes between Australia, the UK/Europe, and the USA. RESULTS. For an Australian hospital with six operating rooms, the annual financial cost of converting from single-use equipment to reusable anaesthetic equipment would be an AUD$32 033 (£19 220), 46% decrease. In Australia, converting from single-use to reusable equipment would result in an increase of CO 2 emissions from 5095 (95% CI: 4614-5658) to 5575 kg CO 2 eq (95% CI: 5542-5608), a 480 kg CO 2 eq (9%) increase. Using the UK/European power mix, converting from single-use (5575 kg CO 2 eq) to reusable anaesthetic equipment (802 kg CO 2 eq) would result in an 84% reduction (4873 kg CO 2 eq) in CO 2 emissions, whilst in the USA converting to reusables would have led to a 2427 kg CO 2 eq (48%) reduction. In Australia, converting from single-use to reusable equipment would more than double water use from 34.4 to 90.6 kilolitres. CONCLUSIONS. For an Australian hospital with six operating rooms, converting from single-use to reusable anaesthetic equipment saved more than AUD$30 000 (£18 000) per annum, but increased the CO 2 emissions by almost 10%. The CO 2 offset is highly dependent on the power source mix, while water consumption is greater for reusable equipment.
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Teng R, Takano A, Tan WL, Ang MK, Toh CK, Ng QS, Lim WT, Tan EH, Lim T, Tan D. T790M co-exists with other secondary resistance mechanisms in EGFR mutation positive NSCLC and are associated with inferior outcomes. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx091.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lohman N, Hagopian A, Luboga SA, Stover B, Lim T, Makumbi F, Kiwanuka N, Lubega F, Ndizihiwe A, Mukooyo E, Barnhart S, Pfeiffer J. District Health Officer Perceptions of PEPFAR's Influence on the Health System in Uganda, 2005-2011. Int J Health Policy Manag 2017; 6:83-95. [PMID: 28812783 PMCID: PMC5287933 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertically oriented global health initiatives (GHIs) addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic, including the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), have successfully contributed to reducing HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality. However, there is still debate about whether these disease-specific programs have improved or harmed health systems overall, especially with respect to non-HIV health needs. METHODS As part of a larger evaluation of PEPFAR's effects on the health system between 2005-2011, we collected qualitative and quantitative data through semi-structured interviews with District Health Officers (DHOs) from all 112 districts in Uganda. We asked DHOs to share their perceptions about the ways in which HIV programs (largely PEPFAR in the Ugandan context) had helped and harmed the health system. We then identified key themes among their responses using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Ugandan DHOs said PEPFAR had generally helped the health system by improving training, integrating HIV and non-HIV care, and directly providing resources. To a lesser extent, DHOs said PEPFAR caused the health system to focus too narrowly on HIV/AIDS, increased workload for already overburdened staff, and encouraged doctors to leave public sector jobs for higher-paid positions with HIV/AIDS programs. CONCLUSION Health system leaders in Uganda at the district level were appreciative of resources aimed at HIV they could often apply for broader purposes. As HIV infection becomes a chronic disease requiring strong health systems to manage sustained patient care over time, Uganda's weak health systems will require broad infrastructure improvements inconsistent with narrow vertical health programming.
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Dixon MG, Taylor MM, Dee J, Hakim A, Cantey P, Lim T, Bah H, Camara SM, Ndongmo CB, Togba M, Touré LY, Bilivogui P, Sylla M, Kinzer M, Coronado F, Tongren JE, Swaminathan M, Mandigny L, Diallo B, Seyler T, Rondy M, Rodier G, Perea WA, Dahl B. Contact Tracing Activities during the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Kindia and Faranah, Guinea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016. [PMID: 26488116 PMCID: PMC4622253 DOI: 10.3201//eid2111.150684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough case identification and contact tracing are necessary to end this epidemic. The largest recorded Ebola virus disease epidemic began in March 2014; as of July 2015, it continued in 3 principally affected countries: Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Control efforts include contact tracing to expedite identification of the virus in suspect case-patients. We examined contact tracing activities during September 20–December 31, 2014, in 2 prefectures of Guinea using national and local data about case-patients and their contacts. Results show less than one third of case-patients (28.3% and 31.1%) were registered as contacts before case identification; approximately two thirds (61.1% and 67.7%) had no registered contacts. Time to isolation of suspected case-patients was not immediate (median 5 and 3 days for Kindia and Faranah, respectively), and secondary attack rates varied by relationships of persons who had contact with the source case-patient and the type of case-patient to which a contact was exposed. More complete contact tracing efforts are needed to augment control of this epidemic.
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McNairy ML, Gwynn C, Rabkin M, Antelman G, Wu Y, Alemayehu B, Lim T, Imtiaz R, Mosha F, Mwasekaga M, Othman AA, Justman J. Increased utilisation of PEPFAR-supported laboratory services by non-HIV patents in Tanzania. Afr J Lab Med 2016; 5. [PMID: 26962475 PMCID: PMC4780676 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v5i1.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown to what extent the non-HIV population utilises laboratories supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe the number and proportion of laboratory tests performed in 2009 and 2011 for patients referred from HIV and non-HIV services (NHSs) in a convenience sample collected from 127 laboratories supported by PEPFAR in Tanzania. We then compared changes in the proportions of tests performed for patients referred from NHSs in 2009 vs 2011. METHODS Haematology, chemistry, tuberculosis and syphilis test data were collected from available laboratory registers. Referral sources, including HIV services, NHSs, or lack of a documented referral source, were recorded. A generalised linear mixed model reported the odds that a test was from a NHS. RESULTS A total of 94 132 tests from 94 laboratories in 2009 and 157 343 tests from 101 laboratories in 2011 were recorded. Half of all tests lacked a documented referral source. Tests from NHSs constituted 42% (66 084) of all tests in 2011, compared with 31% (29 181) in 2009. A test in 2011 was twice as likely to have been referred from a NHS as in 2009 (adjusted odds ratio: 2.0 [95% confidence interval: 2.0-2.1]). CONCLUSION Between 2009 and 2011, the number and proportion of tests from NHSs increased across all types of test. This finding may reflect increased documentation of NHS referrals or that the laboratory scale-up originally intended to service the HIV-positive population in Tanzania may be associated with a 'spillover effect' amongst the general population.
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Dixon MG, Taylor MM, Dee J, Hakim A, Cantey P, Lim T, Bah H, Camara SM, Ndongmo CB, Togba M, Touré LY, Bilivogui P, Sylla M, Kinzer M, Coronado F, Tongren JE, Swaminathan M, Mandigny L, Diallo B, Seyler T, Rondy M, Rodier G, Perea WA, Dahl B. Contact Tracing Activities during the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Kindia and Faranah, Guinea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:2022-8. [PMID: 26488116 PMCID: PMC4622253 DOI: 10.3201/eid2111.150684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest recorded Ebola virus disease epidemic began in March 2014; as of July 2015, it continued in 3 principally affected countries: Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Control efforts include contact tracing to expedite identification of the virus in suspect case-patients. We examined contact tracing activities during September 20-December 31, 2014, in 2 prefectures of Guinea using national and local data about case-patients and their contacts. Results show less than one third of case-patients (28.3% and 31.1%) were registered as contacts before case identification; approximately two thirds (61.1% and 67.7%) had no registered contacts. Time to isolation of suspected case-patients was not immediate (median 5 and 3 days for Kindia and Faranah, respectively), and secondary attack rates varied by relationships of persons who had contact with the source case-patient and the type of case-patient to which a contact was exposed. More complete contact tracing efforts are needed to augment control of this epidemic.
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Lim T, Jani A, Cooper S, Rossi P. Better Toxicity Outcomes With HDR and LDR Brachytherapy in Comparison With External Beam Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lim T, Wang J, Frank S, Stafford R, Bruno T, Bathala T, Mahmood U, Pugh T, Ibbott G, Kudchadker R. SU-E-J-214: MR Protocol Development to Visualize Sirius MRI Markers in Prostate Brachytherapy Patients for MR-Based Post-Implant Dosimetry. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ee S, Young S, Tan E, Lim D, Tan G, Jain A, Zeng W, Lim T, Takano A, Tan D. Clinical Characteristics and Response to EGFR TKI in Never Smoker Squamous Lung Cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv050.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kruk ME, Jakubowski A, Rabkin M, Kimanga DO, Kundu F, Lim T, Lumumba V, Oluoch T, Robinson KA, El-Sadr W. Association between HIV programs and quality of maternal health inputs and processes in Kenya. Am J Public Health 2015; 105 Suppl 2:S207-10. [PMID: 25689188 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether quality of maternal and newborn health services is influenced by presence of HIV programs at Kenyan health facilities using data from a national facility survey. Facilities that provided services to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission had better prenatal and postnatal care inputs, such as infrastructure and supplies, and those providing antiretroviral therapy had better quality of prenatal and postnatal care processes. HIV-related programs may have benefits for quality of care for related services in the health system.
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Nalliah C, Lim T, Qian P, Bhaskaran A, Kurup R, Kizana E, Kovoor P, Ross D, Thomas S. Left atrial surface area remaining not isolated after ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation predicts long-term outcomes. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lim T, Prabhu R, Switchenko J, Mister D, Torres M. Skin Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Reconstruction in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: Long-Term Oncologic and Patient-Reported Quality of Life Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lim T, Kim T. Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer in elderly patients: Chemotherapy versus best supportive care. J Geriatr Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lim T, Wang J, Kudchadker R, Stafford R, Bathala T, Pugh T, Ibbott G, Frank S. SU-C-17A-02: Sirius MRI Markers for Prostate Post-Implant Assessment: MR Protocol Development. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hanson P, Qiu Y, Ye X, Zhang HM, Hemida M, Lim T, Gu A, Cho B, Kim H, Yang D. Cleavage of DAP5 by coxsackievirus B3 protease 2A causes its nuclear translocation and inhibition of IRES‐containing gene transcription (836.5). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.836.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lim T, Liss GM, Vernich L, Buyantseva L, Tarlo SM. Work-exacerbated asthma in a workers' compensation population. Occup Med (Lond) 2014; 64:206-10. [PMID: 24556464 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is becoming more prevalent with large numbers of individuals suffering from work-exacerbated asthma. AIMS To examine the characteristics of workplace exposures and working days lost in relation to work-exacerbated asthma (WEA) in a workers' compensation population. METHODS An analysis of accepted workers' compensation asthma claims in Ontario over a 5-year period. Claims among the top three industry groups were categorized based on working time lost of 1 day or less, 2-5 days and 6 days or more. Attributable agents were subdivided into dusts, smoke, chemicals and sensitizers. RESULTS Among the asthma claims, 72% (645) fulfilled criteria for WEA from their history. The commonest industry groups were services, education and health care, with 270 claims that met our analysis requirements. Within these industry groups, education had a lower proportion of workers with short exacerbations (missing 1 day or less: 27%) while the health care industry had a higher than expected proportion of short exacerbations (55%). The agents to which WEA was attributed differed across the groups, with dusts having the highest proportion in the education group (65%), smoke in the service industry (34%) and sensitizers in health care (41%). Those agents more commonly attributed to exacerbations tended to have lower rates of prolonged exacerbation compared with less commonly involved agents. CONCLUSIONS The morbidity of WEA and the type of agents to which it was attributed varied between industry groups.
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van Grieken NCT, Aoyama T, Chambers PA, Bottomley D, Ward LC, Inam I, Buffart TE, Das K, Lim T, Pang B, Zhang SL, Tan IB, Carvalho B, Heideman DAM, Miyagi Y, Kameda Y, Arai T, Meijer GA, Tsuburaya A, Tan P, Yoshikawa T, Grabsch HI. Erratum: KRAS and BRAF mutations are rare and related to DNA mismatch repair deficiency in gastric cancer from the East and the West: Results from a large international multicentre study. Br J Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC3899782 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Nalliah C, Lim T, Koay C, Chik W, Thelander J, Zecchin R, Ross D, Thomas S. Characterisation of Symptoms in Patients With Recurrent Atrial Arrhythmia Following Catheter Ablation. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lim T, Kowalski S, Tan K. Impact of Asthma Counseling by Pharmacist on Asthma Control and Medication Adherence in Asia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eisenstein A, Leung L, Lim T, Ning Z, Polanyi JC. Reaction dynamics at a metal surface; halogenation of Cu(110). Faraday Discuss 2012; 157:337-53; discussion 375-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kang H, Cho Y, Choi H, Kang B, Lim T. 355 Comparison of Usefulness Between Linear Probe and Microconvex Probe in Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheterization. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mánuel JM, Morales FM, Lozano JG, García R, Lim T, Kirste L, Aidam R, Ambacher O. Growth and characterization of InAlN layers nearly lattice-matched to GaN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Park S, Ahn HK, Lim T, Park YH, Ahn JS, Im Y. CA 15-3 elevations according to breast cancer subtypes at initial diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e11109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Poh BK, Mancer K, Goh D, Lim T, Ng V, Ng KK, Ng FC. PlasmaKinetic™ (bipolar) transurethral resection of prostate: a prospective trial to study pathological artefacts, surgical parameters and clinical outcomes. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:336-339. [PMID: 21633766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of the study were to compare the degree of cautery artefacts in prostatic chips between monopolar and PlasmaKinetic™ transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), and to determine if there is any difference in the intraoperative and post surgical parameters between them. METHODS After institutional review board approval, patients were prospectively enrolled to undergo PlasmaKinetic™ TURP. Their parameters were compared with those of the historical monopolar TURP controls. All histological specimens were reviewed by a single senior pathologist. RESULTS 46 patients were recruited to undergo PlasmaKinetic™ TURP. The resection time was significantly longer for the bipolar group compared to the monopolar group (50.2 versus 36.7 min, p-value is 0.001). The speed of resection (resection weight/time) was lower for the bipolar group (0.45 versus 0.56 g/min, p-value is 0.017). More irrigant was used for the bipolar group (21.2 versus 15.6 litres, p-value is 0.001) intraoperatively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of intraoperative drop in haemoglobin and serum sodium change between the two groups. There seems to be a lesser degree of cautery artefacts in the PlasmaKinetic™ group than the monopolar group (42.17 versus 45.07 microns); however, this was not statistically significant (p-value is 0.452). CONCLUSION Bipolar TURP seems to result in a lesser degree of cautery artefacts when compared to conventional monopolar TURP, albeit statistically insignificant, compared to monopolar TURP. TURP also resulted in a longer resection time and increased irrigant use, but no difference in blood loss and serum sodium levels.
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