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Ehmig J, Engel G, Lotz J, Lehmann W, Taheri S, Schilling AF, Seif Amir Hosseini A, Panahi B. MR-Imaging in Osteoarthritis: Current Standard of Practice and Future Outlook. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2586. [PMID: 37568949 PMCID: PMC10417111 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful tool for the evaluation and monitoring of OA due to its ability to visualize soft tissues and bone with high resolution. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of MRI in OA, with a special focus on the knee, including protocol recommendations for clinical and research settings. Furthermore, new developments in the field of musculoskeletal MRI are highlighted in this review. These include compositional MRI techniques, such as T2 mapping and T1rho imaging, which can provide additional important information about the biochemical composition of cartilage and other joint tissues. In addition, this review discusses semiquantitative joint assessment based on MRI findings, which is a widely used method for evaluating OA severity and progression in the knee. We analyze the most common scoring methods and discuss potential benefits. Techniques to reduce acquisition times and the potential impact of deep learning in MR imaging for OA are also discussed, as these technological advances may impact clinical routine in the future.
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Böker KO, Gätjen L, Dölle C, Vasic K, Taheri S, Lehmann W, Schilling AF. Reduced Cell Adhesion on LightPLAS-Coated Implant Surfaces in a Three-Dimensional Bioreactor System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11608. [PMID: 37511369 PMCID: PMC10380481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most implants used in trauma surgery are made of steel and remain inside the body only temporarily. The strong tissue interaction of such implants sometimes creates problems with their explantation. Modified implant surfaces, which decrease tissue attachment, might allow an easier removal and therefore a better outcome. Such a modification must retain the implant function, and needs to be biocompatible and cost-effective. Here, we used a novel VUV-light (Vacuum-Ultraviolett)-based coating technology (LightPLAS) to generate coated stainless-steel plates. The tested LightPLAS coating only had an average thickness of around 335 nm, making it unlikely to interfere with implant function. The coated plates showed good biocompatibility according to ISO 10993-5 and ISO 10993-12, and reduced cell adhesion after four different time points in a 2D cell culture system with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Furthermore, we could show decreased cell adhesion in our 3D cell culture system, which mimics the fluid flow above the implant materials as commonly present in the in vivo environment. This new method of surface coating could offer extended options to design implant surfaces for trauma surgery to reduce cell adhesion and implant ingrowth. This may allow for a faster removal time, resulting in shorter overall operation times, thereby reducing costs and complication rates and increasing patient wellbeing.
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Höller S, Wübbeke LF, Apel J, Hawellek T, Sehmisch S, Wiedenhöft J, Lehmann W, Hoffmann DB. Retrospective In-Hospital Mortality Analysis of GeriatricPatients Treated in a Level 1 Trauma Center. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103466. [PMID: 37240572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the critical time intervals and influencing covariates for in-hospital mortality in geriatric trauma and orthopedic patients. During a period of five years, we retrospectively review patients aged > 60 years who were hospitalized at the Department of Trauma, Orthopedic, and Plastic Surgery. The primary outcome is the mean time to death. Survival analysis is performed using an accelerated failure time model. A total of 5388 patients are included in the analysis. Two-thirds underwent surgery (n = 3497, 65%) and one-third were conservatively treated (n = 1891, 35%). The in-hospital mortality rate is 3.1% (n = 168; surgery, n = 112; conservative, n = 56). The mean time to death is 23.3 days (±18.8) after admission in the surgery group and 11.3 days (±12.5) in the conservative treatment group. The greatest accelerating effect on mortality is found in the intensive care unit (16.52, p < 0.001). We are able to identify a critical time interval for in-hospital mortality between days 11 and 23. The day of death on weekend days/holidays, hospitalization for conservative treatment, and treatment at the intensive care unit significantly increase the risk of in-hospital mortality. Early mobilization and a short hospitalization duration seem to be of major importance in fragile patients.
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Oberthür S, Lendeckel A, Jäckle KB, Siggelkow H, Lehmann W, Sehmisch S. A fracture liaison service for the secondary prevention of osteoporosis. DEUTSCHES ÄRZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 120:211-212. [DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Jäckle K, Lüken S, Roch PJ, Klockner FS, Reinhold M, Meier MP, Hawellek T, Lehmann W, Weiser L. Effect of a Contrast Agent on Bone Mineral Density Measurement in the Spine and Hip Using QCT-Conversion Factor Recommendation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041456. [PMID: 36835991 PMCID: PMC9963832 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis causes an increased fracture risk. Clinically, osteoporosis is diagnosed late, usually after the first fracture occurs. This emphasizes the need for an early diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, computed tomography (CT) as routinely used for polytrauma scans cannot be used in the form of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) diagnosis because QCT can only be applied natively, i.e., without any contrast agent application. Here, we tested whether and how contrast agent application could be used for bone densitometry measurements. METHODS Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by QCT in the spine region of patients with and without the contrast agent Imeron 350. Corresponding scans were performed in the hip region to evaluate possible location-specific differences. RESULTS Measurements with and without contrast agent administration between spine and hip bones indicate that the corresponding BMD values were reproducibly different between spine and hips, indicating that Imeron 350 application has a location-specific effect. We determined location-specific conversion factors that allow us then to determine the BMD values relevant for osteoporosis diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Results show that contrast administration cannot be used directly for CT diagnostics because the agent significantly alters BMD values. However, location-specific conversion factors can be established, which are likely to depend on additional parameters such as the weight and corresponding BMI of the patient.
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von Lewinski G, Hawellek T, Spering C, Giro-Einfeldt SF, Lehmann W. [Periprosthetic acetabular fractures and defects : Trauma meets ortho]. UNFALLCHIRURGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 126:125-135. [PMID: 36352238 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-022-01251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic acetabular fractures are considered to be a severe and challenging complication in total hip arthroplasty. To date, there are no internationally applicable standardized recommendations which can assist orthopedic surgeons and trauma surgeons in the treatment of patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to report on the current state of knowledge on periprosthetic acetabular fractures, to present the commonly used classification systems and to demonstrate appropriate treatment algorithms together with personal experiences. MATERIAL AND METHODS A selective search of the existing literature was carried out and the commonly used classification systems and treatment options for periprosthetic acetabular fractures were compiled and are discussed in relation to the in-house cases. RESULTS The comparison of the classification systems showed that frequently only fractures which have a purely traumatic origin are included among periprosthetic acetabular fractures. Insufficiency fractures within the framework of acetabular defects, which also belong to the group of acetabular fractures, are frequently included in revision arthroplasty. The management of defects with appropriate implants represents a challenge. By the combination of osteosynthesis and implant replacement, the selection of implants can often be de-escalated. CONCLUSION Periprosthetic acetabular fractures represent a complex operation for both trauma surgeons and for specially trained orthopedic surgeons, which necessitate a high level of expertise. By the cooperation between trauma surgeons and orthopedic surgeons good treatment results can be achieved and recommendations for the selection of implants can be made.
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Roch PJ, Çelik B, Jäckle K, Reinhold M, Meier MP, Hawellek T, Kowallick JT, Klockner FS, Lehmann W, Weiser L. Combination of vertebral bone quality scores from different magnetic resonance imaging sequences improves prognostic value for the estimation of osteoporosis. Spine J 2023; 23:305-311. [PMID: 36343910 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Recent findings revealed a correlation between vertebral bone quality based on T1-weighted (VBQT1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and volumetric bone mass density (vBMD) measured using quantitative computerized tomography. The coherence of VBQ for other MRI sequences, such as T2 or short tau inversion recovery (STIR), has not been examined. The combination of different VBQs has not been studied. PURPOSE The aims of the study were to confirm the correlation between VBQT1 and vBMD and to examine VBQs from other MRI sequences and their combination with vBMD. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. PATIENT SAMPLE The sample consisted of patients older than 18 years, who received treatment at a level-one university spine center of the German Spine Society for degenerative or traumatic reasons in 2017-2021. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures were the correlation of VBQs from different MRI sequences with vBMD and the association of VBQs with osteopenia/osteoporosis. METHODS Patients' VBQ was calculated based on the signal intensities of the vertebral bodies L1-4 in T1-, T2-, and STIR-weighted MRI. The VBQ was standardized according to the signal intensity of the cerebrospinal fluid. The vBMD was determined using data from a calibrated scanner (SOMATOM Definition AS+) and processed with CliniQCT (Mindways Software, Inc., USA). Groups were divided according to vBMD into the following groups: (I) osteoporosis/osteopenia (< 120 mg/m3) and (II) healthy (≥120 mg/m3). An analysis of the correlation between various VBQs and vBMD as well as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and binary regression analyses were performed for the prediction of osteoporosis/osteopenia. RESULTS We included 136 patients (women: 56.6%) in the study (69.7 ± 15.0 years). According to vBMD, 108 patients (79.4%) had osteoporosis/osteopenia. Women were affected significantly more often than men (p = .045) and had significantly higher VBQT1 and VBQT2 values than men (VBQT1: p = .048; VBQT2: p = .013). VBQT1 and VBQT2 values were significantly higher in patients with osteoporosis/osteopenia than in healthy persons (VBQT1: p<.001; VBQT2: p = .025). VBQT1 and VBQT2 were significantly negatively correlated with vBMD with a moderate effect size (p<.001), while VBQSTIR was not significantly correlated with vBMD, although it showed a positive coherence. The combination of different VBQs in terms of VBQT1 × VBQT2 / VBQSTIR distinctly increased the effect size of the negative correlation with vBMD compared to VBQ alone. A cutoff value for VBQT1 × VBQT2 / VBQSTIR of 2.9179 achieved a sensitivity of 80.0%, a specificity of 75.0%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.775 for the determination of osteoporosis. The mathematical model derived from the binary logistic regression showed an excellent AUC of 0.846. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a significant correlation between VBQT1 and vBMD. The combination of VBQs from different MRI sequences enhances the prognostic value of VBQ for the determination of osteoporosis. While safe clinical application of VBQ for the determination of osteoporosis requires further validation, VBQ might offer opportunistic estimation for further diagnostics.
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Taheri S, Yoshida T, Böker KO, Foerster RH, Jochim L, Flux AL, Grosskopf B, Hawellek T, Lehmann W, Schilling AF. Changes of the subchondral bone microchannel network in early osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:49-59. [PMID: 36243309 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have identified a 3D network of subchondral microchannels that connects the deep zone of cartilage to the bone marrow (i.e., cartilage-bone marrow microchannel connectors; CMMC). However, the pathological significance of CMMC is largely unknown. Here, we quantitatively evaluated how the CMMC microarchitecture is related to cartilage condition, as well as regional differences in early idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Two groups of cadaveric female human femoral heads (intact cartilage vs early cartilage lesions) were identified, and a biopsy-based high-resolution micro-CT imaging was employed. Subchondral bone (SB) thickness, CMMC number, maximum and minimum CMMC size, and the CMMC morphology were quantified and compared between the two groups. The effect of joint's region and cartilage condition was examined on each dependent variable. RESULTS The CMMC number and morphology were affected by region of the joint, but not by cartilage condition. On the other hand, the minimum and maximum CMMC size was changed by both the location on the joint, as well as the cartilage condition. The smallest CMMC were consistently detected at the load-bearing region (LBR) of the joint. Compared to non-pathological subjects, the size of the microchannels was enlarged in early OA, most noticeably at the non-load-bearing region (NLBR) and the peripheral rim (PR) of the femoral head. Furthermore, subchondral bone thinning was observed in early OA as a localized occurrence linked with areas of partial chondral defect. CONCLUSION Our data point to an enlargement of the SB microchannel network, and a collective structural deterioration of SB in early idiopathic OA.
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Komrakova M, Büchler G, Böker KO, Lehmann W, Schilling AF, Roch PJ, Taudien S, Hoffmann DB, Sehmisch S. A combined treatment with selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators prevents bone loss in orchiectomized rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2299-2311. [PMID: 35867330 PMCID: PMC9646546 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enobosarm (EN), a selective androgen receptor modulator and raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, have been shown to improve bone tissue in osteoporotic males. The present study evaluated the effects of a combination therapy of EN and RAL on bone properties in orchiectomized rats compared to the respective single treatments. METHODS Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either left intact (Non-Orx) or orchiectomized (Orx). The Orx rats were divided into four groups (n = 15 each): 1) Orx, 2) EN treatment (Orx + EN), 3) RAL treatment (Orx + RAL), 4) combined treatment (Orx + EN + RAL). EN and RAL (0.4 mg and 7 mg/kg body weight/day) were applied immediately after Orx with a soy-free pelleted diet for up to 18 weeks. The lumbar spine and femora were examined by micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphological, ashing, and gene expression analyses. RESULTS EN exhibited an anabolic effect on bone, improving some of its parameters in Orx rats, but did not affect biomechanical properties. RAL exhibited antiresorptive activity, maintaining the biomechanical and trabecular parameters of Orx rats at the levels of Non-Orx rats. EN + RAL exerted a stronger effect than the single treatments, improving most of the bone parameters. Liver weight increased after all treatments; the kidney, prostate, and levator ani muscle weights increased after EN and EN + RAL treatments. BW was reduced due to a decreased food intake in the Orx + RAL group and due a reduced visceral fat weight in the Orx + EN + RAL group. CONCLUSION The EN + RAL treatment appeared to be promising in preventing male osteoporosis, but given the observed side effects on liver, kidney, and prostate weights, it requires further investigation.
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Voigt M, Schaumann R, Barre F, Mayr E, Lehmann W, Hawellek T, Kaba HEJ, Wüstefeld S, Scheithauer S. Do patients need advice and information to prevent infections - results of a single centre structured survey. Infect Prev Pract 2022; 4:100237. [PMID: 36052311 PMCID: PMC9424562 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infections are a major burden for hospitals, leading to morbidity and mortality and unnecessary medical costs. They can probably be reduced through what is known as patient empowerment. This study aims to address the question of whether patients are interested in receiving infection prevention and control information. Methods Patients were asked in structured interviews whether they would like more information on infection prevention and control. Inclusion criteria comprised 2 groups of patients. Group 1 were patients undergoing elective total endoprosthesis (TEP) and Group 2 were patients tested positive for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Results The response rate was 38.4 % (163/425 patients). Approximately 75 % of the patients were interested in information on infection prevention and control. The topics of interest differed between the two patient groups: MRSA patients had a higher need for infection prevention and control information. TEP patients showed a high acceptance of antiseptic body wash and a willingness to pay for it themselves. Information given to patients should be group-specific and timely. Conclusion Our data suggest a lack of information on infection prevention and control among patients and underline the importance of patient empowerment. The willingness of patients to pay personally for antiseptic wash should be assessed further.
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von Knoch M, Baums MH, Lehmann W, Frosch S. Risk Analysis of Perioperative Injections in Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Rotator Cuff of the Shoulder - A Systematic Review. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2022; 160:517-525. [PMID: 33782935 DOI: 10.1055/a-1394-6469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study used a systematic review to analyse the risk of perioperative injections during arthroscopic reconstruction of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. The questions of interest were whether perioperative local injection increases the infection risk and whether the number of postoperative revisions is increased. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review of the U. S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed) database and the Cochrane Library was performed using the PRISMA checklist. The keywords used were "shoulder" and "arthroscopy" and "injection" and "risk". In the course of the study, work that was not also primarily concerned with the reconstruction of the rotator cuff was excluded. English original articles and case series were included that contained at least some arthroscopic reconstructions of the rotator cuff. The risk of bias was determined using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The content of the articles relevant to the research questions was analysed. RESULTS 48 hits were primarily generated. 9 articles corresponded to the inclusion criteria and were analysed. In the 6 studies with details on the injected substances, cortisone was used in 98 - 100% of the cases. The reported infection and revision rates based on insurance data were higher with injection than without. The risk of bias in the studies analysed here was rather low based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Score. The risk of infection after a cortisone injection before, during or after surgery was increased. Injection was associated with infection in up to 8% of cases with injections within two weeks of surgery. The risk of infection was increased by up to 11 times with injections within 4 weeks after the operation. Likewise, the risk of revision surgery after injection was increased, with the time intervals between injection and surgery sometimes differing between studies. DISCUSSION Local infections and to a lesser extent revision surgery are associated with perioperative injections (with cortisone) within 3 months preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively. However, there were only database studies of insurance data with several studies from a few centres. Thus, no causal relationships could be proven. Currently, however, the following can be recommended using a cautious approach: The interval between injection with cortisone before surgery should be at least 2 weeks, better 3 months. No cortisone injections should be applied intraoperatively. Postoperatively, cortisone should not be injected for at least 4 weeks. If, in exceptional cases, deviations from these time limits are required, patients should be informed about an increased risk of complications.
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Fieseler G, Schwesig R, Sendler J, Cornelius J, Schulze S, Lehmann W, Hermassi S, Delank KS, Laudner K. IRO/Shift Test Is Comparable to the Jobe Test for Detection of Supraspinatus Lesions. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091422. [PMID: 36143208 PMCID: PMC9506539 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine how the internal rotation and shift (IRO/shift) test compares to the gold standard of clinical tests (Jobe test) for diagnosing supraspinatus lesions and to confirm these clinical results with surgical findings, 100 symptomatic patients were clinically examined between October 2018 and November 2019. All 100 patients were evaluated using both the IRO/shift test and Jobe test. A total of 48 of these patients received surgical intervention. Based on these data, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy for both the IRO/shift test and Jobe test were calculated. The IRO/shift test had a sensitivity of 96% (95% CI: 82–100%), specificity of 50% (95% CI: 27–73%), PPV of 73% (95% CI: 56–86%), NPV of 91% (95% CI: 59–100%), and an accuracy of 77% (95% CI: 63–88%). The Jobe test had a sensitivity of 89% (95% CI: 72–98%), specificity of 60% (95% CI: 36–81%), PPV of 76% (95% CI: 58–89%), NPV of 80% (95% CI: 52–96%), and an accuracy of 77% (95% CI: 54–81%). These results suggest that the IRO/shift test is comparable to the Jobe test, which is often viewed as the gold standard clinical examination for assessing supraspinatus lesions. This study was approved by the Ethics Commission of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (reference number: 2018-05).
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Jäckle K, Paulisch M, Blüchel T, Meier MP, Seitz MT, Acharya MR, Lehmann W, Spering C. Analysis of trans-sacral corridors in stabilization of fractures of the pelvic ring. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1194-1202. [PMID: 34292624 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous screw fixation combined with pelvic reduction is a surgical technique used to stabilize fractures of the posterior pelvic ring. This is the standard surgical treatment of unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries. The primary goal of this treatment is an anatomic reduction and stable fixation. This has been shown to reduce pain and improve the patients' long-term well-being. The aim of this analysis was to determine the possible screw lengths and the positioning of the screws in the S1 and S2 sacral segments. A population of 697 pelvises from the Stryker Orthopaedic Modeling and Analytics database were analyzed. The dimensions of the S1 and S2 screw corridors were determined and after assessing for sacral dysmorphism, the correct screw placement was chosen to determine the necessary screw length for surgical treatment. The measurements of the screw lengths show a Gaussian distribution for the analyzed population. The percentage of dysmorphic pelvises for the S1 screw corridor was 31.3% and for the S2 corridor 8%. Average screw length for S1 was 163.8 ± 16.2 mm and for the S2 137.3 ± 9.5 mm. The results show that the S1/S2 axis cannot be used for a trans-sacral screw placement in every patient. The study shows that intraosseous screw corridors are present in 68.7% of the patients in the S1 position and in 92% at the S2 level where an intended implant can be placed fully intraosseous.
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Fieseler G, Laudner K, Sendler J, Cornelius J, Schulze S, Lehmann W, Hermassi S, Delank KS, Schwesig R. The internal rotation and shift-test for the detection of superior lesions of the rotator cuff: reliability and clinical performance. JSES Int 2022; 6:495-499. [PMID: 35572448 PMCID: PMC9091795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using reliable and valid clinical tests are essential for proper diagnosis and clinical outcomes among injuries involving the rotator cuff. The addition of a new clinical examination test could improve the clinical diagnosis and informative value of the sensitivity and specificity of pathology. This study of diagnostic accuracy evaluated the use of a new rotator cuff test, called the internal rotation and shift-test (IRO/shift-test), to determine its reliability and clinical performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV)). Clinical diagnostic outcomes were confirmed with radiological findings (MRI). Methods 100 patients from a specialized shoulder unit participated (64 male, 36 female, mean age: 55 ± 13.5 years). A single-blinded (no knowledge of prior clinical or technical diagnostics) study design was used with two experienced physicians performing the IRO/shift-test. For clinical performance, all clinical testing was compared with MRI. Results The intra-rater (ICC = 0.73, 95% CI: 60-82) and inter-rater (ICC = 0.89, 95% CI: 81-94) coefficients for the IRO/shift-test showed good-to-excellent reliability. 75% of the patients showed a positive IRO/shift-test, while 65% had a radiologically diagnosed superior rotator cuff tear. 60% of these patients had both a positive IRO/shift-test and objective rotator cuff tear via MRI. The sensitivity of the IRO/shift-test to detect superior rotator cuff lesions based on MRI diagnosis was calculated at 92% (95% CI: 86-99%), while specificity was 67% (95% CI: 50-84%). Predictive values were also found to be high with 86% PPV (95% CI: 78-94%) and 80% NPV (95% CI: 64-96%). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the IRO/shift-test is a reliable and valid tool for assessing superior rotator cuff pathology. With good-to-excellent intrarater and inter-rater reliability and strong sensitivity and specificity this test should be considered a valuable addition to clinicians' cadre of clinical evaluation tools.
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Lehmann W, Spering C. Pipkin-Frakturen. Unfallchirurg 2022; 125:313-322. [DOI: 10.1007/s00113-022-01153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jäckle K, Meier MP, Seitz MT, Höller S, Spering C, Acharya MR, Lehmann W. A retrospective study about functional outcome and quality of life after surgical fixation of insufficiency pelvic ring injuries. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:1035. [PMID: 34903216 PMCID: PMC8670246 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04925-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragility fractures without significant trauma of the pelvic ring in older patients were often treated conservatively. An alternative treatment is surgery involving percutaneous screw fixation to stabilize the posterior pelvic ring. This surgical treatment enables patients to be mobilized quickly and complications associated with bedrest and temporary immobility are reduced. However, the functional outcome following surgery and quality of life of the patients have not yet been investigated. Here, we present a comprehensive study addressing the long-term well-being and the quality of life of patients with fragility pelvic ring fractures after surgical treatment. METHODS Between 2011-2019, 215 geriatric patients with pelvic ring fractures were surgically treated at the university hospital in Göttingen (Germany). Of these, 94 patients had fragility fractures for which complete sets of computer tomography (CT) and radiological images were available. Fractures were classified according to Tile and according to the FFP classification of Rommens and Hofmann. The functional outcome of surgical treatment was evaluated using the Majeed pelvic score and the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36). RESULTS Thirty five tile type C and 48 type B classified patients were included in the study. After surgery eighty-three patients scored in average 85.92 points (± 23.39) of a maximum of 100 points using the Majeed score questionnaire and a mean of 1.60 points on the numerical rating scale ranging between 0 and 10 points where 0 points refers to "no pain" and 10 means "strongest pain". Also, the SF-36 survey shows that surgical treatment positively effects patients with respect to their general health status and by restoring vitality, reducing bodily pain and an increase of their general mental health. CONCLUSIONS Patients who received a percutaneous screw fixation of fragility fractures of the posterior pelvic ring reported an overall positive outcome concerning their long-term well-being. In particular, older patients appear to benefit from surgical treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Functional outcome and quality of life after surgical treatment of fragility fractures of the posterior pelvic ring, DRKS00024768. Registered 8th March 2021 - Retrospectively registered. Trial registration number DRKS00024768 .
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Shang X, Böker KO, Taheri S, Lehmann W, Schilling AF. Extracellular Vesicles Allow Epigenetic Mechanotransduction between Chondrocytes and Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413282. [PMID: 34948080 PMCID: PMC8703680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be transported in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and are qualified as possible messengers for cell–cell communication. In the context of osteoarthritis (OA), miR-221-3p has been shown to have a mechanosensitive and a paracrine function inside cartilage. However, the question remains if EVs with miR-221-3p can act as molecular mechanotransducers between cells of different tissues. Here, we studied the effect of EV-mediated transport in the communication between chondrocytes and osteoblasts in vitro in a rat model. In silico analysis (Targetscan, miRWalk, miRDB) revealed putative targets of miRNA-221-3p (CDKN1B/p27, TIMP-3, Tcf7l2/TCF4, ARNT). Indeed, transfection of miRNA-221-3p in chondrocytes and osteoblasts resulted in regulation of these targets. Coculture experiments of transfected chondrocytes with untransfected osteoblasts not only showed regulation of these target genes in osteoblasts but also inhibition of their bone formation capacity. Direct treatment with chondrocyte-derived EVs validated that chondrocyte-produced extracellular miR-221-3p was responsible for this effect. Altogether, our study provides a novel perspective on a possible communication pathway of a mechanically induced epigenetic signal through EVs. This may be important for processes at the interface of bone and cartilage, such as OA development, physiologic joint homeostasis, growth or fracture healing, as well as for other tissue interfaces with differing biomechanical properties.
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Jäckle K, Saul D, Oberthür S, Roch PJ, Sehmisch S, Lehmann W, Weiser L. Long-term Quality of Life after Fusion of the Ventral Thoracic and Lumbar Spine. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021; 83:153-160. [PMID: 34808677 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cage implantations and autologous pelvic bone grafts are common surgical procedures to fuse the spine in cases of spinal disorders such as traumatic fractures or degenerative diseases. These surgical methods are designed to stably readjust the spine and to prevent late detrimental effects such as pain or increasing kyphosis. Benefits of these surgical interventions have been evaluated, but the long-term well-being of patients after the respective treatments has not yet been examined. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome for patients who received iliac crest or cage implantations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-six patients with traumatic fractures after they obtained an anterior fusion in the thoracic or lumbar spine (12 cages; mean age: 54.08 years; 34 pelvic bone grafts; mean age: 42.18 years) were asked to participate in the survey using a precast questionnaire according the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Spine Score. Twenty-nine of them provided the data requested. RESULTS Evaluation of the VAS scores of the patients, reporting at least 1 year after the surgery, revealed that cage implantations led to significantly better results with respect to all aspects of their daily life such as pain sensing, capability to undertake physical activities and exercise as compared with patients with autologous pelvic bone graft. Patients with autologous pelvic bone graft treatment reported a particularly poor overall satisfaction level concerning their long-term well-being. CONCLUSIONS Patients with cage implantation reported a higher degree of long-term well-being. The data provide evidence for a positive impact on the postsurgery quality of life after cage implantation.
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Stepniewski A, Lehmann W, Schilderoth M, Behringer D, Emmerich N, Daugardt J, von der Brelie C, Kauffmann P, Felmerer G. The Efficacy of Local Flaps in the Treatment of Traumatic Scalp Defects. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021; 83:330-337. [PMID: 34781404 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scalp defects represent a therapeutic challenge. The aim of this study is to present our experience with local and regional flaps in the treatment of trauma-induced scalp defects. Furthermore, a comparison with other surgical techniques was performed. METHODS A retrospective evaluation of patient records was performed. Only patients who underwent surgery using local flaps between January 2010 and September 2020 due to traumatic scalp defects were included in the study. RESULTS In all, 10 cases were identified (3 females, 7 males, average age at surgery of 46.5 years [range: 18-82 years]). Six patients underwent surgery due to tissue defects and four due to scar keloids. Three patients experienced minor postoperative complications, one of which required additional surgery. The mean defect size was 35.75 cm2 (range: 4-79 cm2) among the four patients where the defect size could be determined retrospectively. The mean inpatient follow-up was 12.4 days (range: 2-34 days). CONCLUSIONS Local flaps can be widely used. In carefully selected cases, they have the fewest disadvantages of all surgical techniques. In our experience, large angiosomes of the main scalp arteries allow the treatment of defects larger than 30 cm2 with local flaps. Our experience also suggests that the dimensions of flap length to flap width can exceed a ratio of 2:1 in the scalp.
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Jäckle K, Klockner F, Hoffmann DB, Roch PJ, Reinhold M, Lehmann W, Weiser L. Influence of Hyponatremia on Spinal Bone Quality and Fractures Due to Low-Energy Trauma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1224. [PMID: 34833442 PMCID: PMC8619985 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in elderly and associated with increased risk of falls. Clinical studies as well as small animal experiments suggested an association between chronic hyponatremia and osteoporosis. Furthermore, it has been assumed that subtle hyponatremia may be an independent fracture risk in the elderly. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the possible influence of chronic hyponatremia on osteoporosis and low-energy fractures of the spine. Materials and Methods: 144 patients with a vertebral body fracture (mean age: 69.15 ± 16.08; 73 females and 71 males) due to low-energy trauma were treated in a level one trauma center within one year and were included in the study. Chronic hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium < 135 mmol/L at admission. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine was measured using quantitative computed tomography in each patient. Results: Overall, 19.44% (n = 28) of patients in the low-energy trauma group had hyponatremia. In the group with fractures caused by low-energy trauma, the proportion of hyponatremia of patients older than 65 years was significantly increased as compared to younger patients (p** = 0.0016). Furthermore, there was no significant gender difference in the hyponatremia group. Of 28 patients with chronic hyponatremia, all patients had decreased bone quality. Four patients showed osteopenia and the other 24 patients even showed osteoporosis. In the low-energy trauma group, the BMD correlated significantly with serum sodium (r = 0.396; p*** < 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that chronic hyponatremia affects bone quality. Patients with chronic hyponatremia have an increased prevalence of fractures after low-energy trauma due to a decreased bone quality. Therefore, physicians from different specialties should focus on the treatment of chronic hyponatremia to reduce the fracture rate after low-energy trauma, particularly with elderly patients.
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Taheri S, Yoshida T, Böker KO, Foerster RH, Jochim L, Flux AL, Grosskopf B, Lehmann W, Schilling AF. Investigating the Microchannel Architectures Inside the Subchondral Bone in Relation to Estimated Hip Reaction Forces on the Human Femoral Head. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:510-524. [PMID: 34023913 PMCID: PMC8484212 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SB) plays a pivotal role in cartilage homeostasis and functionality. As direct connective pathways between the two are poorly understood, we examined the location-dependent characteristics of the 3D microchannel network within the SB that connects the basal cartilage layer to the bone marrow (i.e. cartilage-bone marrow microchannel connectors; CMMC). 43 measuring points were defined on five human cadaveric femoral heads with no signs of osteoarthritis (OA) (age ≤ 60), and cartilage-bone cylinders with diameters of 2.00 mm were extracted for high-resolution scanning (n = 215). The micro-CT data were categorized into three groups (load-bearing region: LBR, n = 60; non-load-bearing region: NLBR, n = 60; and the peripheral rim: PR, n = 95) based on a gait analysis estimation of the joint reaction force (young, healthy cohort with no signs of OA). At the AC-SB interface, the number of CMMC in the LBR was 1.8 times and 2.2 times higher compared to the NLBR, and the PR, respectively. On the other hand, the median Feret size of the CMMC were smallest in the LBR (55.2 µm) and increased in the NLBR (73.5 µm; p = 0.043) and the PR (89.1 µm; p = 0.043). AC thickness was positively associated with SB thickness (Pearson's r = 0.48; p < 1e-13), CMMC number. (r = 0.46; p < 1e-11), and circularity index (r = 0.61; p < 1e-38). In conclusion, our data suggest that regional differences in the microchannel architecture of SB might reflect regional differences in loading.
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Aslam A, Lehmann W. The school-to-work transitions of second-generation immigrant youth. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2021; 58:492-512. [PMID: 34661998 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The children of immigrants obtain high levels of post-secondary attainment in Canada, but their ability to translate these educational credentials into good jobs varies among ethno-racial groups. To understand the social processes behind these unequal outcomes, we conducted in-depth interviews with 27 second-generation immigrant youth living in the province of Ontario. Motivated by the desire for intergenerational upward mobility and trusting in the widespread misrecognition of Canada as an education-based meritocracy, these young people pursued higher education as a means to gain entry into white-collar occupations. Despite their ambitions, the second-generation youth in this study did not have access to the 'career relevant' capital needed to mobilize their educational credentials in the white-collar labour market. And although they engaged in various forms of meta-work to help them acquire 'career-relevant' capital, the challenges they faced were not only the result of differential access to capital, but they also had to do with the way their capital was recognized in the labour market. The findings presented here emphasize the importance of considering how the intersection of multiple overlapping processes of social differentiation (i.e., immigrant status, class position, and ethno-racial background) shape second-generation youth's access to and recognition of 'career-relevant' capital in their school-to-work transitions.
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Meier MP, Bauer IJ, Maheshwari AK, Husen M, Jäckle K, Hubert J, Hawellek T, Lehmann W, Saul D. Predicting the Exception-CRP and Primary Hip Arthroplasty. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4985. [PMID: 34768504 PMCID: PMC8584609 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While primary hip arthroplasty is the most common operative procedure in orthopedic surgery, a periprosthetic joint infection is its most severe complication. Early detection and prediction are crucial. In this study, we aimed to determine the value of postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and develop a formula to predict this rare, but devastating complication. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 708 patients with primary hip arthroplasty. CRP, white blood cell count (WBC), and several patient characteristics were assessed for 20 days following the operative procedure. RESULTS Eight patients suffered an early acute periprosthetic infection. The maximum CRP predicted an infection with a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 56.9%, respectively, while a binary logistic regression reached values of 75% and 80%. A multinominal logistic regression, however, was able to predict an early infection with a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 78.9%. With a one-phase decay, 71.6% of the postoperative CRP-variance could be predicted. CONCLUSION To predict early acute periprosthetic joint infection after primary hip arthroplasty, a multinominal logistic regression is the most promising approach. Including five parameters, an early infection can be predicted on day 5 after the operative procedure with 87.5% sensitivity, while it can be excluded with 78.9% specificity.
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Roch PJ, Saul D, Wüstefeld N, Spiering S, Lehmann W, Weiser L, Wachowski MM. The impact of bilateral facetectomy on the instantaneous helical axis of the functional thoracic spinal unit T4-5 during axial rotation. Int Biomech 2021; 8:42-53. [PMID: 34351832 PMCID: PMC8344236 DOI: 10.1080/23335432.2021.1958059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The location of the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) and the impact of the facet joints (FJ) on the kinematics in the thoracic spine remain inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the IHA in the functional spinal unit (FSU) T4-5 during axial rotation in intact conditions and after bilateral facetectomy. Four human T4-5 FSUs were examined with an established 6D measuring apparatus in intact conditions and after bilateral facetectomy. The IHA’s parameters migration, location, and direction in the horizontal plane were calculated. Defined preloads in different positions were applied. Under the intact conditions, the IHA migrated about 4 mm and from one to the contralateral side according to the applied preload. The location of the IHA was observed in the anterior part of the spinal canal. After bilateral facetectomy, the location of the IHA shifted ventrally about 10 mm compared to the intact conditions. Under intact conditions, the direction of the IHA was minimally dorsally reclined. After bilateral facetectomy, the IHA was significantly more ventrally inclined. The study determined the location of the IHA under intact conditions at the anterior part of the spinal canal. The IHA of the FSU T4-5 is substantially influenced by the guidance of the FJs.
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Jäckle K, Brix T, Oberthür S, Roch PJ, Sehmisch S, Lehmann W, Weiser L. Cage or Pelvic Graft-Study on Bony Fusion of the Ventral Thoracic and Lumbar Spine in Traumatic Vertebral Fractures. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57080786. [PMID: 34440992 PMCID: PMC8398686 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Stabilization of the spine by cage implantation or autologous pelvic bone graft are surgical methods for the treatment of traumatic spine fractures. These methods serve to stably re-adjust the spine and to prevent late detrimental effects such as pain or increasing kyphosis. They both involve ventral interventions using interbody fusion to replace the intervertebral disc space between the vertebral bodies either by cages or autologous pelvic bone grafts. We examined which of these methods serves the patients better in terms of bone fusion and the long-term clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: Forty-six patients with traumatic fractures (12 cages; mean age: 54.08/34 pelvic bone grafts; mean age: 42.18) who received an anterior fusion in the thoracic or lumbar spine were included in the study. Postoperative X-ray images were evaluated, and fusion of the stabilized segment was inspected by two experienced spine surgeons. The time to discharge from hospital and gender differences were evaluated. Results: There was a significant difference of the bone fusion rate of patients with autologous pelvic bone grafts in favor of cage implantation (p = 0.0216). Also, the stationary phase of patients who received cage implantations was clearly shorter (17.50 days vs. 23.85 days; p = 0.0089). In addition, we observed a significant gender difference with respect to the bony fusion rate in favor of females treated with cage implantations (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Cage implantations after spinal fractures result in better bony fusion rates as compared to autologous pelvic bone grafts and a shorter stay of the patients in the hospital. Thus, we conclude that cage implantations rather than autologous pelvic bone grafts should be the preferred surgical treatment for stabilizing the spine after fracture.
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