[A case of acute fish gallbladder poisoning with multiple organ dysfunction]

Fish bile poisoning may damage human liver and kidney, causing degeneration and necrosis. Can also damage brain cells and heart muscle, resulting in nervous system and cardiovascular system lesions. This paper reports a case of a patient who developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after oral administration of fish bile with Xiexin folk prescription for eye disease. In January 2020, he went to the poisoning and occupational diseases department of the emergency department of Qilu hospital. After receiving hemoperfusion, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and symptomatic support treatment, the patient was improved and discharged. CRRT combined with HP is one of the rapid and effective methods for the treatment of acute fish bile poisoning.

[Investigation of an acute hydrogen sulfide mixture gas poisoning in a confined space]

Hydrogen sulphide poisoning is an acute poisoning event that occurs frequently in summer. A case of acute hydrogen sulphide poisoning in a confined space in August 2018 was investigated and clinical data were analyzed. This is a typical case of acute hydrogen sulfide gas poisoning in a confined space. The main cause of the accident is the lack of occupational protection and illegal rescue. Among the 5 patients, 3 died, 1 patient had long-term sequelae of nervous system damage such as cortical blindness, and 1 patient was cured.

[Mendelian randomization analysis: the causal relationship between the DNA methylation levels of JAK2 and obesity]

Objective: Based on the Mendelian randomization analysis, to assess the causal relationship between DNA methylation levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and obesity. Methods: A case-control study was carried out, including 1 021 individuals [obesity (visceral fat index ≥10) vs. no obesity (visceral fat index <10) was 440 vs. 581] from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. MethylTarget^TM target region methylation sequencing technology was used for testing the DNA methylation level of JAK2. logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the DNA methylation level of JAK2 and obesity. With SNP as the instrumental variable, the association between the DNA methylation level of JAK2 and obesity was explored by using the Mendelian randomization analysis method. Results: There was a positive association between Chr9:4984943 (one DNA methylation site in the promoter of JAK2) and obesity, and the OR (95%CI) was 1.22(1.04-1.42). Methylation level of five sites in the exon of JAK2 (Chr9:4985378, Chr9:4985404, Chr9:4985407, Chr9:4985409 and Chr9:4985435) were negatively associated with obesity, the corresponding OR (95%CI) were 0.53 (0.29-0.95), 0.58(0.36-0.93), 0.69 (0.49-0.97), 0.72 (0.53-0.99) and 0.58 (0.35-0.98) , respectively. Mendelian randomization analysis showed that there was a causal relationship between the DNA methylation levels of JAK2 and obesity, and the corresponding β (95%CI) were -1.985 (-3.520 - -0.450),-3.547 (-6.301 - -0.792) and -3.900 (-6.328 - -1.472) for Mendelian randomization method of inverse variance weighted, Mendelian randomization method of median based and Maximum-likelihood method, respectively. Conclusion: This study supported there was a causal relationship between the DNA methylation level of JAK2 and obesity.

[Analysis of the effectiveness of coracoid osteotomy and concentric coaxial reconstruction of the glenoid cavity in the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of the modified Latarjet procedure in the treatment of recurrent anterior subluxation of the shoulder by "coaxial co-arc" reconstruction of the glenoid cavity. Methods: The clinical data of 103 cases (106 shoulders) of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical University from January 2005 to December 2020 were retrospectively studied. Out of these cases, 84 were males and 19 were females; 31 with left-sided injuries while 75 with right-sided injuries, with a mean age of (29.4±11.5) years (16-61 years). The preoperative anterior fear test was positive, and a modified Latarjet procedure was used to reconstruct the shoulder glenoid defect through a "coaxial co-arc". The Rowe score, simple shoulder test (SST) score, and Visual analogue scale (VAS) score of pain were used to assess the shoulder's function. Parameters such as the postoperative shoulder recurrent dislocation rate, shoulder body external rotation angle, and subscapularis muscle strength changes were recorded postoperatively. Moreover, radiographs and CT scans were used to check for the incidence of osteoarthritis (Samson-Prieto score). Results: After a mean follow-up of 9.0 years (1 to 16 years), bony healing occurred 3 to 6 months postoperatively. The Rowe score improved from 40.4±6.5 preoperatively to 93.2±2.5 (P<0.001), the SST score improved from 5.2±1.3 preoperatively to 10.1±1.5 (P<0.001), and the VAS pain score decreased from 3.5±1.9 preoperatively to 1.1±1.2 (P<0.001) at the final follow-up. The angle of lateral external rotation of the shoulder joint was 58.8°±15.6° preoperatively and 57.6°±14.5° postoperatively with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the measurement of subscapularis muscle strength between the healthy side and the affected side (P>0.05). In 89.6% of patients after surgery, coaxial co-arc reconstruction of the shoulder glenoid was obtained, and the shoulder glenoid defect and postoperative inclusion angle were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P<0.001). Postoperatively, new-onset osteoarthritis developed in 7 cases (7/98), arthritis progressed in 2 cases (2/8), incisional healing was poor in 2 cases (2/98), and revision surgery was performed in 2 cases (2/98) due to bone mass detachment. Conclusion: Coracoid osteotomy and concentric coaxial reconstruction of the glenoid cavity elicits adequate good clinical efficacy for cases of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, with low recurrence rates, low revision rates and low incidence of osteoarthritis.

[Screening and analysis of prognostic factors of repairing single missing tooth by autotransplantation of teeth]

Objective: To screen and analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of replacing single missing tooth by autograft tooth, so as to provide reference for clinical judgment of surgical prognosis. Methods: A total of 176 patients (188 teeth) underwent autotransplantation of teeth in the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University from January 2017 to December 2019, including 85 teeth of males and 103 teeth of females were involved. The age was (33.0±9.8) years (16-65 years). The possible factors affecting the prognosis of replacing single missing tooth by autograft tooth were summarized and grouped, and the clinical and imaging data were recorded and judged. The surgical records and photographic data from the patients' previous medical records were retrospectively analyzed. The survival analysis method was used for statistical analysis to screen out the factors affecting the cumulative survival rate of transplanted teeth. Results: The 5-year cumulative survival rate of 188 transplanted teeth was 88.4%. Univariate Log-Rank analysis showed that age (P<0.001), sex (P=0.008), smoking (P<0.001), position of recipient area (P<0.001), height of alveolar bone in recipient area (P<0.001), time of donor tooth in vitro (P<0.001), use of donor model (P<0.001) and initial stability (P<0.001) were significantly correlated with cumulative survival rate of transplanted teeth. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that smoking (β=-2.812, P=0.049), alveolar bone height (β=1.521, P=0.020), donor time (β=-2.001, P=0.019), use of donor model (β=1.666, P=0.034) and initial stability (β=-1.417, P=0.033) were significantly correlated with the cumulative survival rate of transplanted teeth. Conclusions: The prognosis of autogenous tooth transplantation can be predicted by smoking, height of alveolar bone in recipient area, time of donor teeth in vitro, use of donor model and initial stability. Good prognosis of transplanted teeth can be obtained by using donor model during operation, reducing the time of donor teeth in vitro, taking effective methods to restore alveolar bone height, maintaining good initial stability, and good oral health education after operation.

[A real world study on the relationship between drug resistance of targeted therapy and prognosis of HER-2-positive advanced breast cancer]

Objective: To explore the effect of primary and acquired resistance to anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) on the overall survival of patients with HER-2 positive advanced breast cancer. Methods: The clinical characteristics of HER-2 positive patients with advanced breast cancer admitted to Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 1998 to December 2018 were collected, and their neoadjuvant/adjuvant and advanced three-line chemotherapy were summarized. Among them, targeted drugs for HER-2 included trastuzumab, pertuzumab, T-DM1, RC48-ADC, lapatinib, pyrotinib, allitinib, sipatinib, seratinib. Based on the duration of benefit from anti HER-2 treatment, the patients were divided into two groups: primary anti HER-2 resistance group and acquired anti HER-2 resistance group. In this study, the overall survival (OS) was used as the main end point. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional risk regression model were used to analyze the effects of different drug resistance mechanisms on the overall survival. Results: The whole group of 284 patients were included. The median age of recurrence and metastasis was 48 years old, 155 (54.6%) were hormone receptor (HR) positive and 129 (45.4%) were HR negative, 128 cases (45.1%) were premenopausal and 156 cases (54.9%) were postmenopausal, 277 cases (97.5%) had a score of 0-1 in ECoG PS and 7 cases (2.5%) had a score of more than 2 in the first diagnosis of relapse and metastasis. There were 103 cases (36.3%) in the primary drug resistance group and 181 cases (63.7%) in the secondary drug resistance group. The median overall survival time of the two groups was 24.9 months and 40.4 months, respectively, with statistical significance (P<0.001). Conclusion: Primary resistance to HER-2 is one of the factors of poor prognosis in HER-2 positive breast cancer, and its mechanism needs to be further explored.

[The Xu's medical family from the Northern and Southern dynasties in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties]

The Xu's Medical Family, from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, was called an official family with medical background by Fan Xingzhun. Its genealogy was traced back to the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty. Based on the local chronicles, epitaphs, history books and relevant medical historical artifacts, this paper explores the development of the Xu's Medical Family in the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties. Most of the Xu's family members were appointed as medical officials locally after Xue Yueweng in the Yuan Dynasty. Xu Shu, Xu Biao, Xu Wei and Xu Wenyuan were appointed as Medical Ambassadors and the judges of Tai Yi Hospital in the Ming Dynasty. Xu Wei was appointed as the Right Tong Zheng in charge of the Tai Yi Hospital affairs in the period of Jia Jing, and promoted to the Chief of Taipu Department in the period of Wan Li in the Ming Dynasty. He was the highest-ranking official in the Xu's Medical Family in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Xu's Medical Family were a family of both officials and doctors, to some extent, related to the Yi-Hu System in both the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties. Some of the Xu's family members still took a career as a doctor, but did not serve as medical officers from the Qing Dynasty. Some of the Xu's decendants went into official careers via the Imperial Examination, such as Xu Shifen, as Deputy Minister of Hubu in the Qing Dynasty.

[Investigation and case analysis of an occupational chronic benzene poisoning accident]

This article investigated an occupational chronic benzene poisoning incident that occurred in a sealing material factory in Hebei Province in September 2019, analyzed the clinical data of workers, to explore the causes of occupational chronic benzene poisoning, and summarize the diagnosis and treatment characteristics and treatment outcome. According to GBZ 68-2013 "Diagnosis of Occupational Benzene Poisoning", a total of 12 cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning were diagnosed among the 20 workers, including 2 cases of occupational chronic mild benzene poisoning, 7 cases of moderate benzene poisoning, and 3 cases of severe benzene poisoning. Both mild and moderate poisoning patients had recovered after treatment. Severely poisoned patients had recovered more slowly, and the white blood cell count was still 2.0×10(9)-3.0×10(9)/L during the 1-year follow-up. This benzene poisoning incident was caused by illegal operations. The responsibility of the employer, the supervision of the administrative agency, and the awareness of personal protection of employees should be strengthened to avoid or reduce the occurrence of poisoning incidents and ensure the health of workers.

[Correlation between the pre-and post-operative sagittal parameters and the quality of life in patients with degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis]

Objective: To assess the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and spinal sagittal parameters in patients with degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis before and after surgery, and to provide a biomechanical basis for improving the clinical prognosis of such patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 63 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis who received lumbar fusion surgery in the Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center from December 2017 to June 2020 was carried out. There were 16 males and 47 females with a mean age of (59±8) years. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on disease type (degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DS) and the isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS)) and HRQOL scores. Patients were evaluated post-operatively to observe the improvement of symptoms and quality of life. The relationship between operative related factors, HRQOL scores before and after surgery, and spino-pelvic sagittal parameters (including sagittal axis of the spine, lumbar lordosis angle, pelvic incidence angle, pelvic tilt angle (PT), sacral tilt angle, matching degree of pelvic incidence angle (PI) and lumbar lordosis angle (LL), lumbar 1 vertebra plumb line, upper lumbar curve, lower lumbar curve) in the two groups were analyzed. The correlation between the improvement of HRQOL scores and spino-pelvic sagittal parameters in the DS group and the IS group was analyzed and compared. Results: There were significant differences between postoperative HRQOL scores compared with those before the operation in both the DS and IS groups at three times of follow-up after the operation (all P<0.05). There was no difference in the last HRQOL score, the number of surgical segments, operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (all P>0.05). The parameters of PT and PI-LL in DS patients with VAS back pain score>3 and ≤3 were statistically different (13.7°±6.4° vs 26.6°±7.4°, 5.1°±8.2° vs 18.2°±13.1°, respectively, both P<0.05), similar results were obtained in IS patients (14.1°±6.9° vs 16.4°±8.7°, 2.9°±9.7° vs 6.8°±9.8°, respectively, both P<0.05). In addition, the parameters of PT and PI-LL between patients with ODI>20 and ≤20 were all statistically different in the two groups at the last follow-up after surgery (all P<0.05). The improvement of VAS back pain score in DS and IS groups was significantly related to the improvement of PT value, respectively (r=0.76, 0.78, both P<0.05). The PT, LL and PI-LL were significantly correlated with the ODI in the DS group (r=0.60, 0.62, 0.50, all P<0.05). There was also a correlation between the improvement of ODI and PT, LL and PI-LL in the IS group, respectively (r=0.22, 0.41, 0.76, all P<0.05). Conclusions: Certain correlation exists between the HRQOL and spinal sagittal parameters in patients with degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis before and after surgery. For the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis and improvement of quality of life, the primary goal is to reconstruct the matching degree of the lumbar lordosis angle and PI, and to reduce the PT value to the normal range by tilting the pelvis forward.

[Clinical and histopathological features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and outcome of myositis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Methods: The patients diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related (ICI) myositis in the database of Respiratory Pathology Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University from June 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. We reported the muscle histology and main clinical manifestations of the patients in this study. Seven patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and ICI related myositis were examined; all of the patients were male, with a median age of 64 (range 42-79) years. Results: All seven patients developed myositis under therapy (three for pembrolizumab, three for sintilimab, and one for camrelizumab). Median delay between ICI initiation and myositis onset was 45 (range 15-176) days. Clinical manifestations were dominated by acute or subacute myalgia and limb weakness. Four patients had evidence of myocarditis. In all of the 7 patients, creatine kinase levels were elevated (median 2 354.4, range 468.6-19 709.2 U/L), while myositis-associated antibodies Ro-52 were positive in four patients. Muscle biopsy showed evident multifocal necrotic myofibers and infiltration of inflammation in two patients. Other patients only showed non-specific endomysial inflammation. Infiltration of inflammation mainly consisted of CD8⁺ T cells and CD68⁺ histocytes. After the identification of ICI related myositis, ICI treatment was withdrawn in all patients; 6 patients received corticosteroids therapy. All patients had shown marked clinical improvement. Conclusions: ICI myositis presents with remarkably homogeneous and unique clinicopathologic features, and half of the patients exhibit heightened risk for adverse cardiovascular events, which can be life-threatening if not treated in time. Timely identification of these patients, ICI withdrawal and rapid initiation of corticosteroids therapy can significantly improve patient outcome and/or save patients' lives.

[Effect of csn2 gene deficiency on the starvation tolerance and the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides in oligotrophic environment of Streptococcus mutans]

Objective: To explore the effect of csn2 gene deficiency on starvation tolerance and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis in an oligotrophic environment of Streptococcus mutans (Sm). Methods: The csn2 gene deletion strains and complementary strains of Sm were cultivated and then an oligotrophic growth environment for Sm growth by setting different concentration gradient media were created. Cell growth in oligotrophic environment was detected by growth curve. Biofilm volume was measured by crystalline violet staining. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser confocal microscope were performed to observe the biofilm structure of Sm. The synthesis of EPS was measured by the anthrone-sulfuric acid method. The expression of genes related to EPS synthesis was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: The growth curve results showed that the deletion of csn2 gene inhibited the growth of Sm under starvation stress. Furthermore, the results of laser confocal microscope showed that the biofilm EPS/bacteria ratios produced by the wild-type strain, csn2 gene-deficient strain and complement strains under nutrient sufficient culture conditions were 0.44±0.07, 1.05±0.13 and 0.57±0.08 respectively, while the ratios of EPS/bacteria in an oligotrophic environment were 0.93±0.24, 3.05±0.21 and 1.32±0.46 respectively, indicating that the deletion of csn2 gene enhanced the ability of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis of Sm in the oligotrophic environment. The expression levels of EPS synthesis-related genes gtfB and gtfC were up-regulated by 2.5 fold and 1.8 fold respectively and the expression level of gtfD was down-regulated by two-thirds. Conclusions: The csn2 gene deficiency showed multiple effects on the physiological functions and virulence characteristics of Sm, including starvation tolerance and EPS synthesis. These changes might be related to the shift of the complex regulative network caused by csn2 gene deletion.

[An investigation and analysis of an acute occupational methyl acetate poisoning]

This article investigated an occupational chemical poisoning incident that occurred in a certain place in Guangdong Province in September 2020, detected the air at the scene, and analyzed the clinical data of the poisoned patients. The peripheral blood methanol concentrations of the three patients were 307.76 mg/L, 354.80 mg/L and 454.14 mg/L when they were admitted to the hospital. The raw and auxiliary materials were analyzed for volatile organic components. Methyl acetate was detected in the finished glue, synthetic resin and compound machine post glue in the glue room, and the relative percentages were 23.05%, 32.79% and 31.68%, respectively. Through comprehensive analysis, it was judged that this incident was an acute occupational methyl acetate poisoning incident, and 3 workers were poisoned.

[Differential on N6-methyladenosine modification of circRNA in early inflammation of silicosis]

Objective: To explore the difference of methylation of circRNA related m6A in early inflammation of silicosis and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of circRNA involved in the process of silicosis. Methods: The activation markers of macrophages were detected by Western blotting (WB) in THP-1-derived macrophages. The cell viability was detected with CCK8, by which the stimulation concentration and time of silica were determined. The methylation of total RNA was determined by colorimetry, and the expression of RNA m6A methylase, demethylase and reading protein were detected by Western blotting in mouse model of silicosis. The differential expression of m6A modified circRNA in lung tissues form silicosis and control mice was obtained through Arraystar m6A circRNA epigenetic transcriptome Chip and verified by RT-PCR. Results: The concentration of SiO(2) at 50 μg/cm(2) had the most significant effect on the activation markers and activity of macrophages. Compared with the control group, SiO(2) increased the total RNA m6A level of macrophages, and there were significant differences in the expression of methylase METTL3 and reading protein YTDHF3. High throughput sequencing analysis showed that compared with the control group, the methylation levels of 132 circRNA m6A in the lung of silicosis model mice were increased, while the methylation levels of 296 circRNA m6A were decreased, and then the target circSLC2A13 was screened based on the basic expression. Further verification showed that SiO(2) significantly increased the expression of circSLC2A13 and m6A modification in macrophages. Conclusion: The methylation of circRNA m6A is involved in the activation of macrophages in early inflammation of silicosis.

[Surveillance and response to measles outbreaks in China, 2016-2020]

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreaks in China from 2016 to 2020 and related outbreak investigations and response performances. Methods: The information about the incidence of measles outbreaks, the investigation and response of measles outbreaks in 31 provinces from 2016 to 2020 were collected from Measles Surveillance System, and the incidence of suspected measles outbreaks detected through sporadic case finding during the same period according to the measles outbreak definition was analyzed. Results: From 2016 to 2020, a total of 344 measles outbreaks were reported nationwide, involving 1 886 measles cases. The median of intervals between the first case onsets and reported outbreaks ranged from 4 to 10 days, the median of the numbers of involved cases ranged from 2 to 3, and the median of the duration of the epidemic ranged from 8 to 13 days, and some outbreaks had long durations of 65,44,28,63 and 13 days. The top three provinces with high number of reported outbreaks were Gansu, Beijing and Shandong. Among the reported outbreaks, 115 occurred in communities/villages, accounting for the highest proportion. The genotype identification results indicated that all the outbreaks in 2016 were caused by measles virus H1, and the proportion of the outbreaks caused by measles virus H1 decreased year by year since then, which was 88.57% (31/35) in 2017, 85.00% (17/20) in 2018 and 15.79% (3/19) in 2019 respectively. There was no outbreak caused by measles H1 reported in 2020, the 4 isolates all belonged to genotype D8. Active case findings were conducted in local medical institutions for 313 outbreaks, and measles-containing vaccine coverage surveys were conducted for 266 outbreaks. From 2016 to 2020, a total of 919 suspected measles outbreaks were detected nationwide, involving 4 212 measles cases. The top three provinces with suspected measles outbreaks were Xinjiang, Gansu and Sichuan. The suspected measles outbreaks also mainly occurred in communities/villages (493). Conclusions: The number, scale and duration of measles outbreaks were gradually decreasing, the measles outbreaks at the community level can not be ignored, and the local H1 genotypes tend to be gradually replaced by other genotypes. Improving the sensitivity of outbreak surveillance, promoting vaccination, expanding the vaccine coverage, timely and effective response to the outbreaks are the focus of measles elimination in China in the future.

[Polarized activation affects iron metabolism in macrophages]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of polarization program on the ability of macrophages to regulate iron metabolism. M1 and M2 macrophages were propagated in vitro from porcine alveolar macrophages 3D4/2 and polarized by cytokines. The 3D4/2 macrophages were treated with 20 ng/mL interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and 10 ng/mL interleukin-4 (IL-4) combined with 10 ng/mL macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) to induce polarization to M1 and M2, respectively. After incubation for 24 h, the expression levels of inflammatory factors and iron-metabolism genes were determined using real-time qPCR, Western bot and immunofluorescence. The M1/M2 macrophages culture media supernatant was collected and used to treat porcine intestinal epithelial cells IPEC-J2. The proliferation ability of IPEC-J2 was detected using CCK-8 assay kit. Following exogenous addition of ammonium ferric citrate (FAC) to M1/M2 macrophages, the phagocytic function of macrophages was detected using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) and flow cytometry. The results showed that, compared with control, M1 macrophages had higher mRNA levels of iron storage proteins (ferritin heavy and light polypeptide, i.e. FtH and FtL), hepcidin and lipocalin-2, as well as iron content. Moreover, iron enhanced the ability of M1 macrophages to phagocytize FITC-dextran. There was no significant change in these mRNA expression levels in M2 macrophages, but the mRNA expression levels of ferroportin and transferrin receptor were up-regulated. In addition, the conditioned media supernatant from M2 macrophages promoted cell proliferation of IPEC-J2. These findings indicate that M1 macrophages tend to lock iron in the cell and reduce extracellular iron content, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of extracellular bacteria. While M2 macrophages tend to excrete iron, which contributes to the proliferation of surrounding cells and thus promotes tissue repair.

Improved quantification of immune-gold labeling and its use to compare the distribution of cellular factors among sub-chloroplast compartments

Quantification of immuno-gold labeling can provide valuable information on the quantity and localization of a target within a region of interest (ROI). Background subtraction usually requires preparation of material with a deliberately reduced amount of target component often by gene knockout/knockdown. This paper reports a modified method without the need for gene knockout/knockdown, by using a region outside the ROI as a background and non-immune serum to verify the reliability of the data. An optimized parameter for use in image processing was also developed to improve semi-automatic segmentation of gold particles, by using the standard deviation of pixel intensity together with default parameters (size and intensity) to improve specificity. The modified methods were used to quantify the gold labeling of various components within chloroplasts and their 3 sub-organelle compartments (thylakoid, stroma and starch). Rubisco, actin, myosin, β-tubulin, Endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal HDEL, Sterol methyltransferase 1, and double stranded RNA were all effectively and consistently quantified at the level of the different sub-chloroplast compartments. The approach should be applicable more widely for high resolution labelling of samples in which a background requiring gene knockout/knockdown is not a realistic option.

[Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of 122 patients with colorectal cancer metastasize to the ovary]

Objective: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 122 female patients with ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer underwent treatment in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2010 and 2015 were recruited. The clinicopathological features, treatment details and survival data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Maier method was used for survival analysis, log rank test and Cox proportional hazards model were used for prognostic factor analysis. Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 19.7 months. The 1-year, 3-years and 5-years OS rates were 72.1%, 24.7% and 9.9%, respectively. A total of 99 (81.1%) patients underwent oophorectomy. The median OS of patients who underwent oophorectomy was 21.9 months, significantly longer than 10.3 months of patients without oophorectomy (P<0.01). Ovary as the only site of metastasis, primary tumor resection, and oophorectomy were associated with improved survival (all P<0.01). Primary tumor resection and oophorectomy were independent prognostic factors for OS (both P<0.01). Conclusion: Patients with ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer might acquire a survival benefit from surgical resection of the primary tumor and ovaries.

Enhanced high temperature ferromagnetism in Bi1-xRxFeO3(R= Dy, Y) compounds

In this work we report experimental evidence for the weak high-temperature ferromagnetism in Bi1-xRxFeO3(R= Dy, Y) compounds by systematic characterizations, excluding the possible side-effects from other iron-based impurities. Remarkable saturated magnetic moment was observed in the Y-substituted samples, Bi1-xYxFeO3, which is larger than the moment obtained in Bi1-xDyxFeO3, the Dy-substituted samples with antiferromagnetic background. The physical origin of the weak ferromagnetic transition is discussed and serious lattice distortions have been identified based on the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering data, although the rhombohedral structure symmetry remains unchanged upon the substitutions. It is believed that the structural distortion suppressed cycloid spin structure is the main factor for the enhanced magnetization in Bi1-xRxFeO3compounds. Additionally, the Dy3+-Fe3+antiferromagnetic coupling, which strengthens the antiferromagnetic interaction in Bi1-xDyxFeO3compounds, acts as the driving force for the magnetic discrepancy between Bi1-xYxFeO3and Bi1-xDyxFeO3samples.

[Establishment of knowledge, attitude and practice evaluation system of nursing humanistic care]

Objective: To construct a knowledge, attitude and practice evaluation system of nursing humanistic care, and to provide reference for improving nursing humanistic construction. Methods: Based on literature analysis, the draft evaluation system was sorted out, and two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted on 28 experts, and the items were modified according to the consultation opinions. Results: The enthusiasm coefficients of the two rounds of consultation were 100% and 96.4%, the authority coefficients were 0.888 and 0.870, and the coordination coefficients were 0.342 and 0.467, respectively, which were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The final evaluation system of humanistic care for clinical nursing staff includes 3 first-level indicators and 63 second-level indicators. Conclusion: The humanistic care evaluation system constructed in this study is scientific and practical and can be used as a scientific evaluation tool for the humanistic care ability of clinical nurses.

[Protective effect and mechanism of mild hypothermia on liver injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs]

Objective: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia therapy on liver after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: Thirty-three inbred Chinese Wuzhishan (WZS) minipigs, weighted (28±2) kg, were used to establish a ventricular fibrillation model. And 30 animals survived after cardiopulmonary resuscitation reached basic life support. The surviving animals were randomly divided into two groups: mild hypothermia group (group M, n=15) and conventional treatment group (group C, n=15). All the animals were observed for 24 hours. Blood samples were extracted at baseline, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after successful resuscitation. The concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected at the time points. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The data were compared between the two groups, LSD test was used when the variance was homogeneous, and Tamhane T2 test was used when the variance was uneven. Results: Eleven pigs (73.3%) in the group M and 8(53.3%) in the group C survived at 24 h after successful resuscitation, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ(2)=1.229, P=0.225). After successful resuscitation, the AST, ALT increased in both group but less in M group (all P<0.05). After successful resuscitation, the concentrations of TFN-α and IL-6 in the blood increased in both groups, reached the peak at 4h, and then decreased gradually. The concentrations of TFN-α in group M were lower than those in group C at 0.5, 2, 4 and 6 h after successful resuscitation (t=0.01, 0.01, 0.87, 0.86, all P<0.05). The concentrations of IL-6 in the group M were lower than those in group C at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h after successful resuscitation (t=0.23, 0.78, 0.11, 0.80, all P<0.05). Conclusions: After successful resuscitation, the release of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and cell apoptosis may involve in liver ischemia reperfusion injury. After successful resuscitation, the liver undergoes ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related to the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6. Mild hypothermia therapy can prevent the release of TNF-α, IL-6 to reduce the degree of liver damage after resuscitation.

[Early containment strategies and core measures for prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China]

In December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and spread rapidly across the country. In the early stages of the epidemic, China adopted the containment strategy and implemented a series of core measures around this strategic point, including social mobilization, strengthening case isolation and close contacts tracking management, blocking epidemic areas and traffic control to reduce personnel movements and increase social distance, environmental measures and personal protection, with a view to controlling the epidemic as soon as possible in limited areas such as Wuhan. This article summarizes the background, key points and core measures in the country and provinces. It sent prospects for future prevention and control strategies.