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Tsunematsu Y, Maeda N, Yokoyama M, Chankhamjon P, Watanabe K, Scherlach K, Hertweck C. Enzymatic Amide Tailoring Promotes Retro-Aldol Amino Acid Conversion To Form the Antifungal Agent Aspirochlorine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14051-14054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tsunematsu Y. Biosynthesis-assisted Structure Elucidation of Colibactin, the Genotoxic Metabolite Produced by Commensal Microbiota. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nakazawa T, Izuno A, Horii M, Kodera R, Nishimura H, Hirayama Y, Tsunematsu Y, Miyazaki Y, Awano T, Muraguchi H, Watanabe K, Sakamoto M, Takabe K, Watanabe T, Isagi Y, Honda Y. Effects of pex1 disruption on wood lignin biodegradation, fruiting development and the utilization of carbon sources in the white-rot Agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus and non-wood decaying Coprinopsis cinerea. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 109:7-15. [PMID: 29030267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are well-known organelles that are present in most eukaryotic organisms. Mutant phenotypes caused by the malfunction of peroxisomes have been shown in many fungi. However, these have never been investigated in Agaricomycetes, which include white-rot fungi that degrade wood lignin in nature almost exclusively and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Based on the results of a forward genetics study to identify mutations causing defects in the ligninolytic activity of the white-rot Agaricomycete Pleurotus ostreatus, we report phenotypes of pex1 disruptants in P. ostreatus, which are defective in two major features of white-rot Agaricomycetes: lignin biodegradation and mushroom formation. Pex1 disruption was also shown to cause defects in the hyphal growth of P. ostreatus on certain sawdust and minimum media. We also demonstrated that pex1 is essential for fruiting initiation in the non-wood decaying Agaricomycete Coprinopsis cinerea. However, unlike P. ostreatus, significant defects in hyphal growth on the aforementioned agar medium were not observed in C. cinerea. This result, together with previous C. cinerea genetic studies, suggests that the regulation mechanisms for the utilization of carbon sources are altered during the evolution of Agaricomycetes or Agaricales.
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Kishimoto S, Tsunematsu Y, Sato M, Watanabe K. Elucidation of Biosynthetic Pathways of Natural Products. CHEM REC 2017; 17:1095-1108. [PMID: 28387469 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, we have revealed biosynthetic pathways responsible for the formation of important and chemically complex natural products isolated from various organisms through genetic manipulation. Detailed in vivo and in vitro characterizations enabled elucidation of unexpected mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This personal account focuses on our recent efforts in identifying the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of spirotryprostatin, aspoquinolone, Sch 210972, pyranonigrin, fumagillin and pseurotin. We exploit heterologous reconstitution of biosynthetic pathways of interest in our study. In particular, extensive involvement of oxidation reactions is discussed. Heterologous hosts employed here are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans and A. niger that can also be used to prepare biosynthetic intermediates and product analogs by engineering the biosynthetic pathways using the knowledge obtained by detailed characterizations of the enzymes. (998 char.).
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Yokoyama M, Hirayama Y, Yamamoto T, Kishimoto S, Tsunematsu Y, Watanabe K. Integration of Chemical, Genetic, and Bioinformatic Approaches Delineates Fungal Polyketide–Peptide Hybrid Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2017; 19:2002-2005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chankhamjon P, Tsunematsu Y, Ishida-Ito M, Sasa Y, Meyer F, Boettger-Schmidt D, Urbansky B, Menzel KD, Scherlach K, Watanabe K, Hertweck C. Regioselective Dichlorination of a Non-Activated Aliphatic Carbon Atom and Phenolic Bismethylation by a Multifunctional Fungal Flavoenzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11955-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chankhamjon P, Tsunematsu Y, Ishida-Ito M, Sasa Y, Meyer F, Boettger-Schmidt D, Urbansky B, Menzel KD, Scherlach K, Watanabe K, Hertweck C. Regioselective Dichlorination of a Non-Activated Aliphatic Carbon Atom and Phenolic Bismethylation by a Multifunctional Fungal Flavoenzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kishimoto S, Sato M, Tsunematsu Y, Watanabe K. Evaluation of Biosynthetic Pathway and Engineered Biosynthesis of Alkaloids. Molecules 2016; 21:E1078. [PMID: 27548127 PMCID: PMC6274189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Varieties of alkaloids are known to be produced by various organisms, including bacteria, fungi and plants, as secondary metabolites that exhibit useful bioactivities. However, understanding of how those metabolites are biosynthesized still remains limited, because most of these compounds are isolated from plants and at a trace level of production. In this review, we focus on recent efforts in identifying the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of those nitrogen-containing natural products and elucidating the mechanisms involved in the biosynthetic processes. The alkaloids discussed in this review are ditryptophenaline (dimeric diketopiperazine alkaloid), saframycin (tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid), strictosidine (monoterpene indole alkaloid), ergotamine (ergot alkaloid) and opiates (benzylisoquinoline and morphinan alkaloid). This review also discusses the engineered biosynthesis of these compounds, primarily through heterologous reconstitution of target biosynthetic pathways in suitable hosts, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans. Those heterologous biosynthetic systems can be used to confirm the functions of the isolated genes, economically scale up the production of the alkaloids for commercial distributions and engineer the biosynthetic pathways to produce valuable analogs of the alkaloids. In particular, extensive involvement of oxidation reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as cytochrome P450s, during the secondary metabolite biosynthesis is discussed in details.
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Kato H, Tsunematsu Y, Yamamoto T, Namiki T, Kishimoto S, Noguchi H, Watanabe K. New natural products isolated from Metarhizium robertsii ARSEF 23 by chemical screening and identification of the gene cluster through engineered biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans A1145. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:561-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yamamoto T, Tsunematsu Y, Hara K, Suzuki T, Kishimoto S, Kawagishi H, Noguchi H, Hashimoto H, Tang Y, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Oxidative trans
to cis
Isomerization of Olefins in Polyketide Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yamamoto T, Tsunematsu Y, Hara K, Suzuki T, Kishimoto S, Kawagishi H, Noguchi H, Hashimoto H, Tang Y, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Oxidative trans to cis Isomerization of Olefins in Polyketide Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6207-10. [PMID: 27072782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Geometric isomerization can expand the scope of biological activities of natural products. The observed chemical diversity among the pseurotin-type fungal secondary metabolites is in part generated by a trans to cis isomerization of an olefin. In vitro characterizations of pseurotin biosynthetic enzymes revealed that the glutathione S-transferase PsoE requires participation of the bifunctional C-methyltransferase/epoxidase PsoF to complete the trans to cis isomerization of the pathway intermediate presynerazol. The crystal structure of the PsoE/glutathione/presynerazol complex indicated stereospecific glutathione-presynerazol conjugate formation is the principal function of PsoE. Moreover, PsoF was identified to have an additional, unexpected oxidative isomerase activity, thus making it a trifunctional enzyme which is key to the complexity generation in pseurotin biosynthesis. Through the study, we identified a novel mechanism of accomplishing a seemingly simple trans to cis isomerization reaction.
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Yamamoto T, Tsunematsu Y, Noguchi H, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Elucidation of Pyranonigrin Biosynthetic Pathway Reveals a Mode of Tetramic Acid, Fused γ-Pyrone, and exo-Methylene Formation. Org Lett 2015; 17:4992-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Medema MH, Kottmann R, Yilmaz P, Cummings M, Biggins JB, Blin K, de Bruijn I, Chooi YH, Claesen J, Coates RC, Cruz-Morales P, Duddela S, Düsterhus S, Edwards DJ, Fewer DP, Garg N, Geiger C, Gomez-Escribano JP, Greule A, Hadjithomas M, Haines AS, Helfrich EJN, Hillwig ML, Ishida K, Jones AC, Jones CS, Jungmann K, Kegler C, Kim HU, Kötter P, Krug D, Masschelein J, Melnik AV, Mantovani SM, Monroe EA, Moore M, Moss N, Nützmann HW, Pan G, Pati A, Petras D, Reen FJ, Rosconi F, Rui Z, Tian Z, Tobias NJ, Tsunematsu Y, Wiemann P, Wyckoff E, Yan X, Yim G, Yu F, Xie Y, Aigle B, Apel AK, Balibar CJ, Balskus EP, Barona-Gómez F, Bechthold A, Bode HB, Borriss R, Brady SF, Brakhage AA, Caffrey P, Cheng YQ, Clardy J, Cox RJ, De Mot R, Donadio S, Donia MS, van der Donk WA, Dorrestein PC, Doyle S, Driessen AJM, Ehling-Schulz M, Entian KD, Fischbach MA, Gerwick L, Gerwick WH, Gross H, Gust B, Hertweck C, Höfte M, Jensen SE, Ju J, Katz L, Kaysser L, Klassen JL, Keller NP, Kormanec J, Kuipers OP, Kuzuyama T, Kyrpides NC, Kwon HJ, Lautru S, Lavigne R, Lee CY, Linquan B, Liu X, Liu W, Luzhetskyy A, Mahmud T, Mast Y, Méndez C, Metsä-Ketelä M, Micklefield J, Mitchell DA, Moore BS, Moreira LM, Müller R, Neilan BA, Nett M, Nielsen J, O'Gara F, Oikawa H, Osbourn A, Osburne MS, Ostash B, Payne SM, Pernodet JL, Petricek M, Piel J, Ploux O, Raaijmakers JM, Salas JA, Schmitt EK, Scott B, Seipke RF, Shen B, Sherman DH, Sivonen K, Smanski MJ, Sosio M, Stegmann E, Süssmuth RD, Tahlan K, Thomas CM, Tang Y, Truman AW, Viaud M, Walton JD, Walsh CT, Weber T, van Wezel GP, Wilkinson B, Willey JM, Wohlleben W, Wright GD, Ziemert N, Zhang C, Zotchev SB, Breitling R, Takano E, Glöckner FO. Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:625-31. [PMID: 26284661 PMCID: PMC5714517 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tsunematsu Y, Nishimura S, Hattori A, Oishi S, Fujii N, Kakeya H. Isolation, structure elucidation, and total synthesis of tryptopeptins A and B, new TGF-β signaling modulators from Streptomyces sp. Org Lett 2015; 17:258-61. [PMID: 25560738 DOI: 10.1021/ol503340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new microbial metabolites, tryptopeptins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the cultured broth of Streptomyces sp. KUSC-G11, as modulators of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Their chemical structures consisting of isovalerate, N-Me-L-Val, L-allo-Thr, and a tryptophan-related residue were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, while they were unambiguously determined by total syntheses. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study using natural and synthesized tryptopeptins revealed the importance of the α,β-epoxyketone function located at the C terminus. These new TGF-β signaling modulators would be highly useful for development of new drug leads targeting TGF-β-related diseases such as fibrosis and cancer.
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Zou Y, Xu W, Tsunematsu Y, Tang M, Watanabe K, Tang Y. Methylation-dependent acyl transfer between polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase modules in fungal natural product biosynthesis. Org Lett 2014; 16:6390-3. [PMID: 25494235 PMCID: PMC4275151 DOI: 10.1021/ol503179v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical studies of purified and dissected fungal polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid enzymes involved in biosynthesis of pseurotin and aspyridone indicate that one α-methylation step during polyketide synthesis is a prerequisite and a key checkpoint for chain transfer between PKS and NRPS modules. In the absence of the resulting γ-methyl feature, the completed polyketide intermediate is offloaded as an α-pyrone instead of being aminoacylated by the NRPS domain. These examples illustrate that precisely timed tailoring domain activities play critical roles in the overall programming of the iterative PKS (and NRPS) functions.
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Tsunematsu Y, Fukutomi M, Saruwatari T, Noguchi H, Hotta K, Tang Y, Watanabe K. Elucidation of Pseurotin Biosynthetic Pathway Points to Trans-ActingC-Methyltransferase: Generation of Chemical Diversity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tsunematsu Y, Fukutomi M, Saruwatari T, Noguchi H, Hotta K, Tang Y, Watanabe K. Elucidation of pseurotin biosynthetic pathway points to trans-acting C-methyltransferase: generation of chemical diversity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8475-9. [PMID: 24939566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pseurotins comprise a family of structurally related Aspergillal natural products having interesting bioactivity. However, little is known about the biosynthetic steps involved in the formation of their complex chemical features. Systematic deletion of the pseurotin biosynthetic genes in A. fumigatus and in vivo and in vitro characterization of the tailoring enzymes to determine the biosynthetic intermediates, and the gene products responsible for the formation of each intermediate, are described. Thus, the main biosynthetic steps leading to the formation of pseurotin A from the predominant precursor, azaspirene, were elucidated. The study revealed the combinatorial nature of the biosynthesis of the pseurotin family of compounds and the intermediates. Most interestingly, we report the first identification of an epoxidase C-methyltransferase bifunctional fusion protein PsoF which appears to methylate the nascent polyketide backbone carbon atom in trans.
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Sugiyama R, Nishimura S, Matsumori N, Tsunematsu Y, Hattori A, Kakeya H. Structure and biological activity of 8-deoxyheronamide C from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp.: heronamides target saturated hydrocarbon chains in lipid membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5209-12. [PMID: 24670227 DOI: 10.1021/ja500128u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyene macrolactams are a class of microbial metabolites, many of which show potent biological activities with unidentified modes of action. Here we report that 8-deoxyheronamide C, a new 20-membered polyene macrolactam from a marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., is a unique membrane binder. 8-Deoxyheronamide C showed a characteristic sensitivity profile against fission yeast sterol mutant cells, indicating that the metabolite targets cell membranes. We detected tight physical interaction between heronamides including 8-deoxyheronamide C and heronamide C and saturated hydrocarbon chains in lipid membranes using surface plasmon resonance experiments. We further show that heronamides induced abnormal cell wall morphology in fission yeast probably by perturbing the structure of membrane microdomains. This work will accelerate the biological and medical investigation of polyene macrolactams.
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Lin HC, Tsunematsu Y, Dhingra S, Xu W, Fukutomi M, Chooi YH, Cane D, Calvo AM, Watanabe K, Tang Y. Generation of complexity in fungal terpene biosynthesis: discovery of a multifunctional cytochrome P450 in the fumagillin pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4426-36. [PMID: 24568283 PMCID: PMC3985917 DOI: 10.1021/ja500881e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fumagillin (1), a meroterpenoid from Aspergillus fumigatus, is known for its antiangiogenic activity due to binding to human methionine aminopeptidase 2. 1 has a highly oxygenated structure containing a penta-substituted cyclohexane that is generated by oxidative cleavage of the bicyclic sesquiterpene β-trans-bergamotene. The chemical nature, order, and biochemical mechanism of all the oxygenative tailoring reactions has remained enigmatic despite the identification of the biosynthetic gene cluster and the use of targeted-gene deletion experiments. Here, we report the identification and characterization of three oxygenases from the fumagillin biosynthetic pathway, including a multifunctional cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, a hydroxylating nonheme-iron-dependent dioxygenase, and an ABM family monooxygenase for oxidative cleavage of the polyketide moiety. Most significantly, the P450 monooxygenase is shown to catalyze successive hydroxylation, bicyclic ring-opening, and two epoxidations that generate the sesquiterpenoid core skeleton of 1. We also characterized a truncated polyketide synthase with a ketoreductase function that controls the configuration at C-5 of hydroxylated intermediates.
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Tsunematsu Y, Ishikawa N, Wakana D, Goda Y, Noguchi H, Moriya H, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Distinct mechanisms for spiro-carbon formation reveal biosynthetic pathway crosstalk. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:818-25. [PMID: 24121553 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Spirotryprostatins, an indole alkaloid class of nonribosomal peptides isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus, are known for their antimitotic activity in tumor cells. Because spirotryprostatins and many other chemically complex spiro-carbon-bearing natural products exhibit useful biological activities, identifying and understanding the mechanism of spiro-carbon biosynthesis is of great interest. Here we report a detailed study of spiro-ring formation in spirotryprostatins from tryprostatins derived from the fumitremorgin biosynthetic pathway, using reactants and products prepared with engineered yeast and fungal strains. Unexpectedly, FqzB, an FAD-dependent monooxygenase from the unrelated fumiquinazoline biosynthetic pathway, catalyzed spiro-carbon formation in spirotryprostatin A via an epoxidation route. Furthermore, FtmG, a cytochrome P450 from the fumitremorgin biosynthetic pathway, was determined to catalyze the spiro-ring formation in spirotryprostatin B. Our results highlight the versatile role of oxygenating enzymes in the biosynthesis of structurally complex natural products and indicate that cross-talk of different biosynthetic pathways allows product diversification in natural product biosynthesis.
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Nakazawa T, Ishiuchi K, Sato M, Tsunematsu Y, Sugimoto S, Gotanda Y, Noguchi H, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Targeted Disruption of Transcriptional Regulators in Chaetomium globosum Activates Biosynthetic Pathways and Reveals Transcriptional Regulator-Like Behavior of Aureonitol. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13446-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sato M, Nakazawa T, Tsunematsu Y, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Echinomycin biosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:537-45. [PMID: 23856054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Echinomycin is an antitumor antibiotic secondary metabolite isolated from streptomycetes, whose core structure is biosynthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). The echinomycin biosynthetic pathway was successfully reconstituted in Escherichia coli. NRPS often contains a thioesterase domain at its C terminus for cyclorelease of the elongating peptide chain. Those thioesterase domains were shown to exhibit significant substrate tolerance. More recently, an oxidoreductase Ecm17, which forms the disulfide bridge in triostin A, was characterized. Surprisingly, an unrelated disulfide-forming enzyme GliT for gliotoxin biosynthesis was also able to catalyze the same reaction, providing another example of broad substrate specificity in secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes. Those promiscuous catalysts can be a valuable tool in generating diversity in natural products analogs we can produce heterologously.
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Tsunematsu Y, Ishiuchi K, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Yeast-based genome mining, production and mechanistic studies of the biosynthesis of fungal polyketide and peptide natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1139-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70037b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Kishimoto S, Tsunematsu Y, Nishimura S, Hayashi Y, Hattori A, Kakeya H. Tumescenamide C, an antimicrobial cyclic lipodepsipeptide from Streptomyces sp. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tsunematsu Y, Ichinoseki S, Nakazawa T, Ishikawa N, Noguchi H, Hotta K, Watanabe K. Overexpressing transcriptional regulator in Chaetomium globosum activates a silent biosynthetic pathway: evaluation of shanorellin biosynthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2012; 65:377-80. [PMID: 22569160 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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