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Lajmi H, Choura R, Ben Achour B, Doukh M, Amin Z, Hmaied W. Headache associated with refractive errors: Characteristics and risk factors. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:947-954. [PMID: 33483090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of our work was to study the characteristics of Headache associated with refractive errors (HARE)1, and to search for the correlation between headaches characteristics and some risk factors. We aimed also to assess the impact of these headaches on the quality of life of patients. METHODS A cross-sectional, retrospective, comparative study including 90 patients followed between August 2019 and January 2020. These patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 including patients presenting headaches due to uncorrected ametropia, and group 2 including control subjects. We studied HARE characteristics, the influence of certain risk factors (profession, triggers factors, characteristics of ametropia, and orthoptic abnormalities) on them, their evolution after one month of treatment, and their impact on patients' quality of life with the HIT-6 score. RESULTS Headaches due to ametropia were mainly chronic (20.9±15.76 months on average) progressive (100% of cases), daily (90% of cases) predominantly during the second half of the day (82% of cases). They were moderate (64% of cases), with a fronto-orbital topography in 52% of cases. Headaches were compression-type in 36% of cases (18 patients) and pressure-type in 64% (32 patients). The multivariate study retained prolonged screen working (P=0.013), combined ametropias (P=0.001), moderate hyperopia (P=0.01) and astigmatism (P=0.03) to be risk factors of HARE. Headaches induced a substantial to major impact on the quality of life in 68% (34 patients had a score greater than 55), the latter is significantly influenced by the presence of high myopia. After optical correction and orthoptic treatment, we noted an improvement in headache in 100% of cases. The multivariate analysis did not identify any independent factor that impact the evolution of headache at one month. CONCLUSION HARE may influence life quality; it needs an appropriate treatment based on risk factor management. A healthy lifestyle in addition to adequate refractive error correction is essential in children and, sometimes in adults. Oculomotor abnormalities treatment leads to improve long term results.
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Goh XL, Low YF, Ng CH, Amin Z, Ng YPM. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission: a meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021; 106:112-113. [PMID: 32586828 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-319791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ng YPM, Low YF, Goh XL, Fok D, Amin Z. Breastfeeding in COVID-19: A Pragmatic Approach. Am J Perinatol 2020; 37:1377-1384. [PMID: 32898920 PMCID: PMC7645812 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes to perinatal and neonatal care, concentrating on minimizing risks of transmission to the newborn and health care staff while ensuring medical care is not compromised for both mother and infant. Current recommendations on infant care and feeding when mother has COVID-19 ranges from mother-infant separation and avoidance of human milk feeding, to initiation of early skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding. Health care providers fearing risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) maternal-infant transmission may veer toward restricted breastfeeding practices. We reviewed guidelines and published literature and propose three options for infant feeding depending on various scenarios. Option A involves direct breastfeeding with the infant being cared for by the mother or caregiver. In option B, the infant is cared for by another caregiver and receives mother's expressed milk. In the third option, the infant is not breastfed directly and does not receive mother's expressed milk. We recommend joint decision making by parents and the health care team. This decision is also flexible as situation changes. We also provide a framework for counseling mothers on these options using a visual aid and a corresponding structured training program for health care providers. Future research questions are also proposed. We conclude that evidence and knowledge about COVID-19 and breastfeeding are still evolving. Our options can provide a quick and flexible reference guide that can be adapted to local needs. KEY POINTS: · SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely transmitted via human milk.. · A shared decision making on infant feeding is the preferred approach.. · Mothers can safely breastfeed with appropriate infection control measures..
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Al Askar BA, Al Sweleh FS, Al Wasill EI, Amin Z. Restructuring Saudi Board in Restorative Dentistry (SBRD) curriculum using CanMEDS competency. MEDICAL TEACHER 2018; 40:S30-S36. [PMID: 29792543 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2018.1469740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of adopting the Canadian Medical Education Directions for Specialists (CanMEDS) 2015 competency framework in a dental specialty program to reconstruct the Saudi Board in Restorative Dentistry (SBRD) curriculum and disseminate the lessons learned. Method and development process: The process of curriculum development was started with the selection of SBRD curriculum committee and review of CanMEDS framework. The Committee conducted needs assessment among the stakeholders and adopted CanMEDS 2015 competencies through a careful process. A modeled curriculum was developed after taking feedback, review of existing literature, and unique context of dentistry. Curriculum: Several unique features are incorporated. For example, milestones and continuum of learning are developed to enable residents develop competencies at different stages (transition to discipline, foundation of discipline, and core of discipline). Academic activities are restructured to encourage interactive, student-centered approaches, team work, intellectual curiosity, and scholarship. Learning outcomes are integrated throughout within several modules. Many formative assessment tools are adopted to promote learning and evaluate clinical skills. CONCLUSIONS This is the first published example of adopting CanMEDS competency framework in a dental specialty program. The success of developing SBRD curriculum has encouraged other dental specialties toward adopting CanMEDS 2015 frameworks for their own curricula.
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Szabolcs P, Chen X, Donnenberg A, Hill M, Rowan J, McIntyre S, Stanczak H, Nastasi N, Amin Z, Barnum J, Kurland G, McDyer J. Immunity and tolerance after bilateral orthotopic lung transplant (BOLT) in tandem with a CD3+/CD19+ depleted vertebral bone marrow transplant (BOLT+BMT) from 1 of 8 HLA-matched cadaveric donors. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Koh GCH, Ling CLH, Ma BHM, Chen C, Lim WS, Scherer SC, Amin Z, Merchant RA. Effect of a new longitudinal interprofessional geriatric medicine educational track on knowledge and attitude of medical students: a controlled cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2015; 63:558-64. [PMID: 25732398 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new interprofessional geriatric medicine curriculum was recently introduced at a large undergraduate Asian medical school. A longitudinal controlled interventional cohort study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the new curriculum on the knowledge and attitudes of medical students. The medical students under the new curriculum formed the intervention cohort, and those under the former curriculum formed the control cohort. To test knowledge, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) geriatrics knowledge test (GKT) was used in Year 2 and the University of Michigan GKT in Year 5. Geriatrics attitudes were evaluated using the UCLA geriatrics attitudes test in Years 2 and 5. Not surprisingly, geriatrics knowledge at the end of Year 5 of medical school was enhanced to a greater degree in the intervention cohort than the control cohort, although improvements in geriatrics attitudes in each cohort were of similar magnitude by the end of Year 5, suggesting that factors other than a formal geriatrics curriculum influenced the improvements in geriatrics attitudes. This article is one of few published on the effectiveness of geriatrics curricular innovations using validated knowledge and attitude outcomes in a longitudinal controlled study design and will be useful to other medical institutions seeking to improve the geriatrics knowledge and attitudes of their students.
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Amin Z, Alshammary S. CanMEDS curriculum in Saudi Arabian context: Lessons learned and way forward. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1658-600x.166500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cheung VTF, Joshi D, Amin Z, Webster GJ. Fever and right upper quadrant pain in a 24-year-old male. Caroli disease and splenomegaly suggesting portal hypertension. Gut 2014; 63:1626, 1625. [PMID: 24870623 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Abdulghani HM, Al-Drees AA, Khalil MS, Ahmad F, Ponnamperuma GG, Amin Z. What factors determine academic achievement in high achieving undergraduate medical students? A qualitative study. MEDICAL TEACHER 2014; 36 Suppl 1:S43-8. [PMID: 24617784 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2014.886011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students' academic achievement is affected by many factors such as motivational beliefs and emotions. Although students with high intellectual capacity are selected to study medicine, their academic performance varies widely. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the high achieving students' perceptions of factors contributing to academic achievement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focus group discussions (FGD) were carried out with 10 male and 9 female high achieving (scores more than 85% in all tests) students, from the second, third, fourth and fifth academic years. During the FGDs, the students were encouraged to reflect on their learning strategies and activities. The discussion was audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed qualitatively. RESULTS Factors influencing high academic achievement include: attendance to lectures, early revision, prioritization of learning needs, deep learning, learning in small groups, mind mapping, learning in skills lab, learning with patients, learning from mistakes, time management, and family support. Internal motivation and expected examination results are important drivers of high academic performance. Management of non-academic issues like sleep deprivation, homesickness, language barriers, and stress is also important for academic success. CONCLUSION Addressing these factors, which might be unique for a given student community, in a systematic manner would be helpful to improve students' performance.
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Mohammad Abdulghani H, G. Ponnamperuma G, Ahmad F, Amin Z. A Comprehensive, Multi-modal Evaluation of the Assessment System of an Undergraduate Research Methodology Course: Translating Theory into Practice. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:227-32. [PMID: 24772117 PMCID: PMC3998984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate assessment system of the 'Research Methodology Course' using utility criteria (i.e. validity, reliability, acceptability, educational impact, and cost-effectiveness). This study demonstrates comprehensive evaluation of assessment system and suggests a framework for similar courses. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative methods used for evaluation of the course assessment components (50 MCQ, 3 Short Answer Questions (SAQ) and research project) using the utility criteria. RESULTS of multiple evaluation methods for all the assessment components were collected and interpreted together to arrive at holistic judgments, rather than judgments based on individual methods or individual assessment. RESULTS Face validity, evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire (response rate-88.7%) disclosed that the students perceived that there was an imbalance in the contents covered by the assessment. This was confirmed by the assessment blueprint. Construct validity was affected by the low correlation between MCQ and SAQ scores (r=0.326). There was a higher correlation between the project and MCQ (r=0.466)/SAQ (r=0.463) scores. Construct validity was also affected by the presence of recall type of MCQs (70%; 35/50), item construction flaws and non-functioning distractors. High discriminating indices (>0.35) were found in MCQs with moderate difficulty indices (0.3-0.7). Reliability of the MCQs was 0.75 which could be improved up to 0.8 by increasing the number of MCQs to at least 70. A positive educational impact was found in the form of the research project assessment driving students to present/publish their work in conferences/peer reviewed journals. Cost per student to complete the course was US$164.50. CONCLUSIONS The multi-modal evaluation of an assessment system is feasible and provides thorough and diagnostic information. Utility of the assessment system could be further improved by modifying the psychometrically inappropriate assessment items.
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Koh GCH, Merchant RA, Lim WS, Amin Z. The Knowledge-Attitude Dissociation in Geriatric Education: Can It be Overcome? ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2012. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v41n9p383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A knowledge-attitude dissociation often exists in geriatrics where knowledge but not attitudes towards elderly patients improve with education. This study aims to determine whether a holistic education programme incorporating multiple educational strategies such as early exposure, ageing simulation and small group teaching results in improving geriatrics knowledge and attitudes among medical students. Materials and Methods: We administered the 18-item University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Geriatric Knowledge Test (GKT) and the Singapore-modified 16-item UCLA Geriatric Attitudes Test (GAT) to 2nd year students of the old curriculum in 2009 (baseline reference cohort, n = 254), and before and after the new module to students of the new curriculum in 2010 (intervention cohort, n = 261), both at the same time of the year. Results: At baseline, between the baseline reference and intervention cohort, there was no difference in knowledge (UCLA-GKT Score: 31.6 vs 33.5, P = 0.207) but attitudes of the intervention group were worse than the baseline reference group (UCLA-GAT Score: 3.53 vs 3.43, P = 0.003). The new module improved both the geriatric knowledge (UCLA-GKT Score: 34.0 vs 46.0, P<0.001) and attitudes (UCLA-GAT Score: 3.43 vs 3.50, P <0.001) of the intervention cohort. Conclusion: A geriatric education module incorporating sound educational strategies improved both geriatric knowledge and attitudes among medical students.
Key words: Asian medical school, Geriatrics attitudes, Geriatrics knowledge, Undergraduate medical student
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Amin Z. Principles of Assessment in Medical Education. Indian Pediatr 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-012-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Koh GCH, Merchant RA, Lim WS, Amin Z. The knowledge-attitude dissociation in geriatric education: can it be overcome? ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2012; 41:383-389. [PMID: 23052432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A knowledge-attitude dissociation often exists in geriatrics where knowledge but not attitudes towards elderly patients improve with education. This study aims to determine whether a holistic education programme incorporating multiple educational strategies such as early exposure, ageing simulation and small group teaching results in improving geriatrics knowledge and attitudes among medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered the 18-item University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Geriatric Knowledge Test (GKT) and the Singapore-modified 16-item UCLA Geriatric Attitudes Test (GAT) to 2nd year students of the old curriculum in 2009 (baseline reference cohort, n = 254), and before and after the new module to students of the new curriculum in 2010 (intervention cohort, n = 261), both at the same time of the year. RESULTS At baseline, between the baseline reference and intervention cohort, there was no difference in knowledge (UCLA-GKT Score: 31.6 vs 33.5, P = 0.207) but attitudes of the intervention group were worse than the baseline reference group (UCLA-GAT Score: 3.53 vs 3.43, P = 0.003). The new module improved both the geriatric knowledge (UCLA-GKT Score: 34.0 vs 46.0, P <0.001) and attitudes (UCLA-GAT Score: 3.43 vs 3.50, P <0.001) of the intervention cohort. CONCLUSION A geriatric education module incorporating sound educational strategies improved both geriatric knowledge and attitudes among medical students.
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Siow WY, Amin Z, Ponnamperuma G, Robless PA. Does the introduction of a third examiner and global marking improve the generalisability of the surgical long case? Singapore Med J 2012; 53:390-394. [PMID: 22711038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Planning a high-stake clinical examination requires the evaluation of several psychometric and logistical variables. The authors conducted generalisability and decision studies to answer the following research questions in the context of the surgical long case: (1) Does the addition of a third examiner have any added benefit, vis-à-vis reliability, to the examination? (2) Is global marking more reliable than an itemised marking template? (3) What would be the impact on reliability if there was a reduction in the number of examinees that each panel of examiners is required to assess? METHODS A third examiner and global marking were introduced. Separate generalisability and decision studies were carried out for both the two- and three-examiner models as well as for itemised and global scores. RESULTS The introduction of a third examiner resulted in a modest gain of reliability by 0.05-0.07. Gain in reliability was higher when each candidate was allowed to undertake a higher number of clinical cases. Both the global and itemised scores provided equivalent reliability (generalisability coefficient 0.74-0.89). CONCLUSION Our results showed that only a modest improvement in reliability of the surgical long case is achieved through the introduction of an additional examiner. Although the reliability of global scoring and the itemised marking template was comparable, the latter may provide opportunities for individualised feedback to examinees.
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Durning SJ, Dolmans DHJM, Cleland J, Mennin S, Amin Z, Gibbs TJ. The AMEE Research Committee: Initiatives to stimulate research and practice. MEDICAL TEACHER 2012; 34:458-461. [PMID: 22489976 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2012.671976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Amin Z, Boulet JR, Cook DA, Ellaway R, Fahal A, Kneebone R, Maley M, Ostergaard D, Ponnamperuma G, Wearn A, Ziv A. Technology-enabled assessment of health professions education: consensus statement and recommendations from the Ottawa 2010 Conference. MEDICAL TEACHER 2011; 33:364-369. [PMID: 21517684 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2011.565832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in health professions education can have far-reaching consequences on assessment. The medical education community still needs to develop a deeper understanding of how technology can underpin and extend assessment practices. This article was developed by the 2010 Ottawa Conference Consensus Group on technology-enabled assessment to guide practitioners and researchers working in this area. This article highlights the changing nature of ICTs in assessment, the importance of aligning technology-enabled assessment with local context and needs, the need for better evidence to support use of technologies in health profession education assessment, and a number of challenges, particularly validity threats, that need to be addressed while incorporating technology in assessment. Our recommendations are intended for all practitioners across health professional education. Recommendations include adhering to principles of good assessment, the need for developing coherent institutional policy, using technologies to broaden the competencies to be assessed, linking patient-outcome data to assessment of practitioner performance, and capitalizing on technologies for the management of the entire life-cycle of assessment.
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Amin Z, Suhaimi Y, Ahmad R. Head and neck follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: disease associations and treatment review. THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF MALAYSIA 2010; 65:77-79. [PMID: 21265258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, of less than 50 cases of head and neck follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma reported in the literature, 5 have been found to occur in the background of Castleman disease. We report another case of head and neck FDC sarcoma with emphasise on its associated lesions and review the outcome of treatment from the existing cases in the literature.
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Amin Z, Samarasekera DD, Seng CY, Eng KH, Gwee M. Abstracts of the 6th Asia Pacific Medical Education Conference (APMEC). Singapore. February 19-22, 2009. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2010; 44 Suppl 1:1-8. [PMID: 20070801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Amin Z, Burdick WP, Supe A, Singh T. Relevance of the Flexner Report to contemporary medical education in South Asia. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2010; 85:333-9. [PMID: 20107364 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e3181c874cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A century after the publication of Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (the Flexner Report), the quality of medical education in much of Asia is threatened by weak regulation, inadequate public funding, and explosive growth of private medical schools. Competition for students' fees and an ineffectual accreditation process have resulted in questionable admission practices, stagnant curricula, antiquated learning methods, and dubious assessment practices. The authors' purpose is to explore the relevance of Flexner's observations, as detailed in his report, to contemporary medical education in South Asia, to analyze the consequences of growth, and to recommend pragmatic changes. Major drivers for growth are the supply-demand mismatch for medical school positions, weak governmental regulation, private sector participation, and corruption. The consequences are urban-centric growth, shortage of qualified faculty, commercialization of postgraduate education, untenable assessment practices, emphasis on rote learning, and inadequate clinical exposure. Recommendations include strengthening accreditation standards and processes possibly by introducing regional or national student assessment, developing defensible student assessment systems, recognizing health profession education as a field of scholarship, and creating a tiered approach to faculty development in education. The relevance of Flexner's recommendations to the current status of medical education in South Asia is striking, in terms of both the progressive nature of his thinking in 1910 and the need to improve medical education in Asia today. In a highly connected world, the improvement of Asian medical education will have a global impact.
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Amin Z, Tani M, Eng KH, Samarasekara DD, Huak CY. Motivation, study habits, and expectations of medical students in Singapore. MEDICAL TEACHER 2009; 31:e560-e569. [PMID: 19995157 DOI: 10.3109/01421590903193554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the motivation and incentives in education, learning experience and teaching techniques, and expectations about future careers among medical students from a multi-ethnic Asian country. METHODS Pre-validated questionnaire-based survey with stratified random sampling among medical students. The questionnaire combined qualitative responses with semi-quantitative measures of available alternatives. RESULTS The response rate was 83.1%. The most important factor for pursuing university study was 'prospect of finding an interesting challenging job' (rank 1-75%). Family made a significant contribution in decision making. Given the chance, a majority (67.2%) of respondents would prefer to study overseas. The main deterring factors were cost (67.7%), distance from home (28%), and local opportunity for post-graduation (23.4%). Despite their inclination of study overseas, the majority (73.9%) of the respondents indicated they were either very satisfied or satisfied with their current choice of university study. Only 20% of students were comfortable in asking questions in classroom as asking questions was deemed 'too risky' and 'unnecessary to get better grades'. Students adopted strategies related to assessment and competition to monitor their study. Senior students reported university education as less relevant to their future careers as compared to junior students (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Students' learning behaviour is determined by complex factors such as educational incentives, learning support, assessment and competition. Among several external factors, family, job prospects and expectations about the future play a critical role in education.
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Amin Z, Eng KH, Seng CY, Hoon TC, Sun GP, Samarasekera DD, Huak CY, Rhoon KD. A multi-institutional survey on faculty development needs, priorities and preferences in medical education in an Asian medical school. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2009; 14:16. [PMID: 20165530 PMCID: PMC2779613 DOI: 10.3885/meo.2009.res00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faculty development in medical education is crucial for maintaining academic vitality. The authors conducted a needs assessment survey in Singapore to determine the educational needs and priorities of clinical faculty. METHODS This study implemented a questionnaire-based, anonymous, multi-institutional survey with stratified random sampling. Each question was anchored with two statements on a 9-point scale. Respondents were asked to determine their current knowledge and the knowledge they would need in future. RESULTS The response rate was 81.9%. Overall, the participants' current knowledge was rated either "modest" (scale 4-6) or "substantial" (scale 7-9), irrespective of teaching experience. Participants reported higher knowledge in areas related to teaching and modest knowledge in educational concepts and assessment. They reported a need for higher knowledge in most areas to function well as a teacher. CONCLUSION The need for faculty development is universal and independent of teaching experience in this group. Teaching faculty from the institutes studied understood the need for improved knowledge in pedagogical knowledge.
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Amin Z. Practising heuristics without knowing it! MEDICAL EDUCATION 2009; 43:716-717. [PMID: 19659484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Amin Z, Sayuti R, Kahairi A, Islah W, Ahmad R. Head injury with temporal bone fracture: one year review of case incidence, causes, clinical features and outcome. THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF MALAYSIA 2008; 63:373-376. [PMID: 19803293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the case incidence, causes, clinical profile and outcome of temporal bone fracture complicating head trauma. A 1-year (2005) retrospective study of head injured patients presented to the Emergency Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Gender distribution, cause of injury, radiological findings and otorhinolaryngological clinical presentations were analyzed. Of 1309 patients, 61 patients were diagnosed to have temporal bone fracture (4.7%). Majority of cases were caused by motor vehicle accident (85.9%) and were predominantly male (88.5%). The right temporal bone was more frequently fractured (62.3%). Most (88.5%) were petro-mastoid fractures. Sixty-seven percent of the petrous fractures were longitudinal type. Clinical presentations mostly reported were blood rhinorrhea (36%) and blood otorrhea (32.7%). Other clinical presentations were hearing loss (9.8%), cranial nerve palsy (8.2%), cerebrospinal fluid oto-rhinorrhea (8.2%) and labyrinth concussion (6.5%). Four out of five cranial nerve palsies were facial nerve. Out of the 61 cases, 16 (26.2%) had no clinical presentation at the time of Emergency Department consultation. Thirteen (21.3%) died due to severe head injury. The case incidence of temporal bone fracture in head injured patients in our centre is 4.7%. The petro-mastoid type fracture predominates. Proper early diagnosis and management minimize complications.
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Amin Z, Suzina SAH. Paediatric airway reconstruction: a preliminary study. THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OF MALAYSIA 2008; 63:369-372. [PMID: 19803292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To set the foundation for developing a centre for airway reconstruction, we performed a retrospective database review of patients operated at a tertiary-care university hospital. Over the past 3-year period from 2004 onwards, five paediatric cases of airway reconstruction procedures were performed. All cases had a two stages laryngotracheal reconstruction (TSLTR) for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). All patients were children below 15 years and the mean age was 9 years. Only one patient had a Grade IV Myer-Cotton stenosis, the rest all had Grade III stenosis. Three out of four of the Grade III stenosis patients were successfully decannulated within one year, the other one died of causes unrelated to LTS. The grade IV patient was still under followup and surgery was done only recently. This paper highlights the complexity of managing LTS in the paediatric age group and recommends the use of LTR with rib graft as a choice for the management of LTS.
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