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Abstract
Evidence has accumulated suggesting acetylcholine may he involved in initiation of the heart heat. Acetylcholine and electrolyte metabolism in the various chambers of the heart have been studied. The area of highest intrinsic rhythm (sinus) contained greater amounts of acetylcholine equivalents, true cholinesterase, choline acetylase and sodium; all of these decreasing in amount in areas of lower intrinsie rhythm. It is concluded that intrinsic rhythm may he directly correlated with overall acetylcholine metabolism and sodium content and inversely related to overall energy metabolism and potassium concentration.
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Abstract
Deep hypothermia in the rat was studied with respect to the sequential changes in body temperature, heart rate, and electrocardiogram. In vitro assays of myocardial metabolic activity were made at temperatures ranging from 5 to 35 C. These assays strongly suggested that the in vivo cardiac dysfunctions observed at low temperatures were attributable to shifts in temperature kinetics of enzyme systems at 20 to 21 C.
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DE MELLO WC. Metabolism and electrical activity of the heart: action of 2-4-dinitrophenol and ATP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 196:377-80. [PMID: 13627186 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Biochemical levels of inorganic phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine and glycogen were determined on cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and liver samples from hibernated 13-striped ground squirrels and those allowed to awaken for intervals of 7.5, 15 and 30 minutes. Cardiac muscle glycogen increases during hibernation apparently at the expense of skeletal muscle and liver glycogen. Glycolysis occurs in these tissues during early arousal, followed later by glycogenesis. Adenosine triphosphate is maintained in both cardiac and skeletal muscle during hibernation and is used as an energy source during arousal. It appears that glycolysis is important in resynthesizing phosphocreatine. From this study of periods of relatively low and high metabolic demands we conclude that phosphocreatine is a ‘transport’ form of high-energy phosphate forming adenosine triphosphate from the phosphate pool when and where needed in the cycle of intermediary metabolism.
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PACKER L, MICHAELIS M, MARTIN WR. Effect of shock on rat heart and brain mitochondria. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2000; 98:164-7. [PMID: 13554578 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-98-23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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SAYEN JJ, SHELDON WF, PEIRCE G, KUO PT. Polarographic oxygen, the epicardial electrocardiogram and muscle contraction in experimental acute regional ischemia of the left ventricle. Circ Res 2000; 6:779-98. [PMID: 13585607 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.6.6.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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THORN W, HEIMANN J. [The effects of anoxia, ischemia, asphyxia and hypothermia on the ammonia level in the brain, heart, liver, kidneys and muscles]. J Neurochem 2000; 2:166-77. [PMID: 13576143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1958.tb12361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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LEAF G, GILLIES NE, PIRRIE R. The amino acid composition of cytochrome c from horse heart. Biochem J 2000; 69:605-11. [PMID: 13572324 PMCID: PMC1196604 DOI: 10.1042/bj0690605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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FAWAZ G, TUTUNJI B, FAWAZ EN. Effect of malonate on performance and metabolism of isolated dog heart. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2000; 97:770-3. [PMID: 13554477 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-97-23875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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REGAN TJ, CHRISTENSEN RC, WADA T, TALMERS FN, HELLEMS HK. Myocardial response to acetyl strophanthidin in congestive heart failure; a study of electrolytes and carbohydrate substrates. J Clin Invest 2000; 38:306-16. [PMID: 13631061 PMCID: PMC293157 DOI: 10.1172/jci103803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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RAMIREZ J. Oxidation-reduction changes of cytochromes following stimulation of amphibian cardiac muscle. J Physiol 2000; 147:14-32. [PMID: 13673381 PMCID: PMC1356999 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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ANTHONY A, ACKERMAN E, STROTHER GK. Effects of altitude acclimatization on rat myoglobin; changes in myoglobin content of skeletal and cardiac muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 196:512-6. [PMID: 13627214 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.3.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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BECKETT EB, BOURNE GH. Some histochemical observations on enzyme reactions in goat foetal cardiac and skeletal muscle and some human foetal muscle. Cells Tissues Organs 2000; 35:224-53. [PMID: 13616878 DOI: 10.1159/000141411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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SCHREIBER SS, ORATZ M, ROTHSCHILD MA. Effect of ouabain on potassium exchange in heart muscle mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 198:89-93. [PMID: 14443553 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.198.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Potassium in the working frog ventricle exists in two physiological compartments and the more slowly exchanging compartment is influenced by the amount of work performed, ventricular failure and ouabain. In the present study, the exchange of potassium in mitochondria is investigated both in the control state and after exposure to ouabain, in order to determine whether mitochondria potassium represents the slowly exchanging compartment. Mitochondria potassium represents only 15% of the total ventricular potassium, while the slowly exchanging phase contains about 50%. Ouabain perfusion is associated with inhibition of entrance of potassium into the slowly exchanging ventricular phase, but no isolated specific effect on the mitochondria potassium is found. Alterations in mitochondria potassium directly reflect changes within the total ventricle. A fraction of mitochondria potassium is found to be inexchangeable under the conditions of the experiment. The results indicate that mitochondria potassium does not represent the major part of the slowly exchanging compartment.
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MORGAN HE, HENDERSON MJ, REGEN DM, PARK CR. Regulation of glucose uptake in heart muscle from normal and alloxan-diabetic rats: the effects of insulin, growth hormone, cortisone, and anoxia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 82:387-402. [PMID: 14424107 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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MESSER JV, WAGMAN RJ, LEVINE HJ, NEILL WA, KRASNOW N, GORLIN R. Patterns of human myocardial oxygen extraction during rest and exercise. J Clin Invest 1998; 41:725-42. [PMID: 14472965 PMCID: PMC290976 DOI: 10.1172/jci104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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REDFEARN ER. The role of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and its homologues in mediating the reduction of methylene blue by succinate in heart-muscle preparations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 53:581-3. [PMID: 14490934 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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BUTTERFIELD JL, RICHARDSON JA. Acute effects of guanethidine on myocardial contractility and catecholamine levels. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 1998; 106:259-62. [PMID: 13689475 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-106-26303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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