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Kim J, Kim J, Lee YI, Lee JH. Treatment of Linear Morphea (en Coup de Sabre) with Micronized Acellular Dermal Matrix Filler: A Case Report. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:373-376. [PMID: 34341641 PMCID: PMC8273327 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.4.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
En coup de sabre variant of linear morphea (LM) is a rare sclerotic skin disorder characterized by disfiguring linear depression of the frontal or frontoparietal forehead. Current attempts for cosmetic correction of atrophic lesions must be preceded by an evaluation of disease activity of LM, either by a sufficient clinical assessment or histologic evidence. Corrective procedures including corrective surgery, autologous fat grafting, hyaluronic acid filler injections were performed with varying degrees of success; still, there is a need for treatment options with non-invasive and long-term maintenance effects. Herein we report the use of micronized acellular dermal matrix filler as a novel and successful treatment for the atrophic defect of LM in a 24-year-old female. Molecular characteristics of the micronized acellular dermal matrix filler give enhanced durability and prolonged volume consistency, which results in a long-term extracellular matrix remodeling effect.
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Bloemberg J, Van Riel L, Dodou D, Breedveld P. Focal therapy for localized cancer: a patent review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:751-769. [PMID: 34139941 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1943360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional cancer treatments such as radical surgery and systemic therapy targeting the organ or organ system might have side effects because of damage to the surrounding tissue. For this reason, there is a need for new instruments that focally treat cancer. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview of the patent literature on minimally and noninvasive focal therapy instruments to treat localized cancer. The medical section of the Google Patents database was scanned, and 128 patents on focal therapy instruments published in the last two decades (2000-2021) were retrieved and classified. The classification is based on the treatment target (cancer cell or network of cancer cells), treatment purpose (destroy the cancerous structure or disable its function), and treatment means (energy, matter, or a combination of both). EXPERT OPINION We found patents describing instruments for all groups, except for the instruments that destroy a cancer cell network structure by applying matter (e.g. particles) to the network. The description of the different treatment types may serve as a source of inspiration for new focal therapy instruments to treat localized cancer.
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Venkatraman K, Crozier PA. Role of Convergence and Collection Angles in the Excitation of Long- and Short-Wavelength Phonons with Vibrational Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-9. [PMID: 34172104 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current generation electron monochromators employed as attachments to scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) offer the ability to obtain vibrational information from materials using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). We show here that in crystals, long- and short-wavelength phonon modes can be probed simultaneously with on-axis vibrational STEM EELS. The long-wavelength phonons are probed via dipole scattering, while the short-wavelength modes are probed via impact scattering of the incident electrons. The localized character of the short-wavelength modes is demonstrated by scanning the electron beam across the edge of a hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticle. It is found that employing convergence angles that encompass multiple Brillouin zone boundaries enhances the short-wavelength phonon contribution to the vibrational energy-loss spectrum much more than that achieved by employing collection angles that encompass multiple Brillouin zone boundaries. Probing short-wavelength phonons at high spatial resolution with on-axis vibrational STEM EELS will help develop a fundamental connection between vibrational excitations and bonding arrangements at atomic-scale heterogeneities in materials.
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Kandul NP, Liu J, Bennett JB, Marshall JM, Akbari OS. A confinable home-and-rescue gene drive for population modification. eLife 2021; 10:e65939. [PMID: 33666174 PMCID: PMC7968924 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing-based gene drives, engineered using CRISPR/Cas9, have been proposed to spread desirable genes throughout populations. However, invasion of such drives can be hindered by the accumulation of resistant alleles. To limit this obstacle, we engineer a confinable population modification home-and-rescue (HomeR) drive in Drosophila targeting an essential gene. In our experiments, resistant alleles that disrupt the target gene function were recessive lethal and therefore disadvantaged. We demonstrate that HomeR can achieve an increase in frequency in population cage experiments, but that fitness costs due to the Cas9 insertion limit drive efficacy. Finally, we conduct mathematical modeling comparing HomeR to contemporary gene drive architectures for population modification over wide ranges of fitness costs, transmission rates, and release regimens. HomeR could potentially be adapted to other species, as a means for safe, confinable, modification of wild populations.
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Tanaka K, Ozaki T. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas: JCOG Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Study Group. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:180-184. [PMID: 33313851 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard therapy for all localized soft tissue sarcomas is surgical resection of the tumor. For patients with soft tissue sarcomas who are at high risk for recurrence and/or metastasis, perioperative chemotherapy is a potential treatment option. Adriamycin plus ifosfamide is currently the most promising chemotherapy regimen for localized soft tissue sarcomas. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcomas have suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy may provide an advantage, however small, compared with surgery alone. On the other hand, recent randomized trials have demonstrated the efficacy of neoadjuvant preoperative chemotherapy using full-dose anthracycline plus ifosfamide for high-risk soft tissue sarcomas and showed survival benefits in patients with large, deep-seated and high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of the trunk and extremities. In this review, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapies for soft tissue sarcomas and future perspectives are discussed.
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Yousaf A, Boustany OJ, Gerbo M, Waris S, Davis S, Fang W, Powers R. Localized Versus Generalized Granuloma Annulare: A Retrospective Review of 407 Patients. J Cutan Med Surg 2021; 25:384-389. [PMID: 33625247 DOI: 10.1177/1203475421996319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granuloma annulare has been linked to diabetes, dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, collagen vascular disease, malignancies, infectious hepatitis, and systemic infections. However, these associations have not been systematically investigated when categorized by its clinical variants. OBJECTIVE To evaluate disease associations of localized and generalized granuloma annulare. METHODS In total, 407 granuloma annulare patients from 1989 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed, categorized by clinical variant (localized or generalized), age (pediatric or adult), and diagnostic method (clinical or histologic). Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Fisher's exact tests were conducted to produce unbiased probability values. RESULTS Overall, 75.2% of the study sample was female, 47.2% had dyslipidemia, 24.8% were diabetic, and 24.6% had thyroid disease. Dyslipidemia (OR 2.15, CI 1.95-2.35, P < .001), diabetes (OR 1.16, CI 1.01-1.31, P = .041), and histologic diagnosis (OR 2.08, CI 1.21-3.52, P = .007) were associated with increased risk of GGA compared to LGA. When stratified by adult versus pediatric cases, dyslipidemia and diagnostic method remained significant, but diabetes did not. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating granuloma annulare by its clinical variants may help to determine disease associations with each variant.
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Hashemi H, Thor A, Hellbacher E, Carlson M, Gulyás M, Blomstrand L. Localized IgG4-related disease manifested on the tongue: a case report. Ups J Med Sci 2021; 126:6118. [PMID: 34349889 PMCID: PMC8276348 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v126.6118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition that can affect multiple organs. IgG4-RD may show a variety of initial symptoms. In the oral mucosa, lesions present as inflammatory fibrosis with a large number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Evaluating treatment is a well-known problem in IgG4-RD due to the absence of an established assessment system. There are difficulties in defining the severity of the disease, which is why treatment is primarily based on its clinical manifestations. We present a case report of localized IgG4-RD with ulcerative and proliferative manifestations on the tongue, which clinically mimicked oral squamous cell carcinoma. A tumor-like lesion on the tongue can indicate something else other than the malignant or reactive changes commonly found in the oral mucosa. Multiple differential diagnoses of these atypical oral lesions, including localized IgG4-RD, should be considered.
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Heske CM, Chi YY, Venkatramani R, Li M, Arnold MA, Dasgupta R, Hiniker SM, Hawkins DS, Mascarenhas L. Survival outcomes of patients with localized FOXO1 fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma treated on recent clinical trials: A report from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer 2020; 127:946-956. [PMID: 33216382 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the clinical factors influencing survival outcomes in patients with localized (clinical group I-III), FOXO1 fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). METHODS Patients with confirmed FOXO1 fusion-positive RMS who were enrolled on 3 completed clinical trials for localized RMS were included in the analytic cohort. Outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), and the curves were compared using the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to perform multivariate analysis of prognostic factors that were significant in the univariate analysis. RESULTS The estimated 4-year EFS and OS of 269 patients with localized, FOXO1 fusion-positive RMS was 53% (95% CI, 47%-59%) and 69% (95% CI, 63%-74%), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that several known favorable clinical characteristics, including age at diagnosis between 1 and 9 years, complete surgical resection, tumor size ≤5 cm, favorable tumor site, absence of lymph node involvement, confinement to the anatomic site of origin, and PAX7-FOXO1 fusion, were associated with improved outcomes. Multivariate analysis identified older age (≥10 years) and large tumor size (>5 cm) as independent, adverse prognostic factors for EFS within this population, and patients who had both adverse features experienced substantially inferior outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with localized, FOXO1 fusion-positive RMS can be further risk stratified based on clinical features at diagnosis, and older patients with large primary tumors have the poorest prognosis.
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Mathachan SR, Khurana A, Gautam RK, Kulhari A, Sharma L, Sardana K. Does oxidative stress correlate with disease activity and severity in vitiligo? An analytical study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:352-359. [PMID: 32422682 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damage to melanocytes, resulting from an imbalance between the damaging oxidative pathways and the protective anti-oxidants likely plays a pathogenic role in vitiligo. AIM To evaluate three parameters related to the oxidative stress (OS) pathway namely malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative damage, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (rGSH) (both antioxidants) in patients with active and stable vitiligo with either localized or generalized disease. PATIENTS/METHODS Sixty clinically diagnosed vitiligo patients were categorized into generalized (n = 30) or localized vitiligo (n = 30) and were further sub-grouped according to their disease activity into active and stable groups. Thirty healthy volunteers were included in the control group. ELISA was used for the evaluation of MDA, SOD, and r GSH. RESULTS The patient group demonstrated significantly raised levels of MDA and significantly decreased levels of SOD and rGSH compared with the control group. Further, the OS parameters were significantly more deranged in patients with generalized disease (all three-MDA, rGSH, and SOD) and an active disease (MDA) as compared to those with localized and stable disease, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an important role of OS in relation to vitiligo activity and severity. Although the OS parameters were deranged in all subsets of patients, with respect to controls, the derangement of oxidative damage marker (MDA) in generalized and active disease groups was most marked. Disease remains active when the oxidative damage becomes higher but is unmatched with the anti-oxidant reserve which does not proportionately increase.
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Furuhashi T, Torii K, Ikumi K, Kato H, Nishida E, Morita A. Ultraviolet A1 phototherapy for the treatment of localized scleroderma. J Dermatol 2020; 47:792-795. [PMID: 32383187 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)A1 phototherapy is effective for T-cell-mediated skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and mast cell-mediated skin diseases such as mastocytoma. UVA1 phototherapy is also effective against the sclerotic lesions of systemic sclerosis and morphea. Currently, in Japan, access to UVA1 phototherapy is limited because the UVA1 phototherapy device has not yet been approved. On the basis of our experience, we report three patients with localized scleroderma who responded successfully to UVA1 phototherapy. Efficacy was assessed by histological analysis and elastography. UVA1 successfully ameliorated sclerotic lesions, including morphea, linear scleroderma and morphea lesions in a patient with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. No side-effects were observed during UVA1 phototherapy.
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Crosetti E, Manca A, Maldi E, Succo G. A Rare Nasopharyngeal Presentation of Amyloidosis. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 100:562-565. [PMID: 32228034 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320914432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the extracellular deposition of insoluble proteins whose pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The deposition of amyloid proteins can be systemic or localized, idiopathic or related to systemic diseases, mostly multiple myeloma or chronic inflammatory diseases. Localized head and neck amyloidosis is a rare entity, mainly involving the larynx. Given the rarity of the disease and the absence of a lasting follow-up protocol, there is no standard treatment defined for localized amyloidosis. We report a rare case of localized nasopharyngeal amyloidosis, treated with complete transoral resection and confirmed by histological examination.
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Alshalalfa M, Liu Y, Wyatt AW, Gibb EA, Tsai HK, Erho N, Lehrer J, Takhar M, Ramnarine VR, Collins CC, Den RB, Schaeffer EM, Davicioni E, Lotan TL, Bismar TA. Characterization of transcriptomic signature of primary prostate cancer analogous to prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3453-3461. [PMID: 31125117 PMCID: PMC6852174 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SC/NE) is well studied in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer; however, it is not well characterized in the primary setting. Herein, we used gene expression profiling of SC/NE prostate cancer (PCa) to develop a 212 gene signature to identify treatment‐naïve primary prostatic tumors that are molecularly analogous to SC/NE (SC/NE‐like PCa). The 212 gene signature was tested in several cohorts confirming similar molecular profile between prostatic SC/NE and small cell lung carcinoma. The signature was then translated into a genomic score (SCGScore) using modularized logistic regression modeling and validated in four independent cohorts achieving an average AUC >0.95. The signature was evaluated in more than 25,000 primary adenocarcinomas to characterize the biology, prognosis and potential therapeutic response of predicted SC/NE‐like tumors. Assessing SCGScore in a prospective cohort of 17,967 RP and 6,697 biopsy treatment‐naïve primary tumors from the Decipher Genomic Resource Information Database registry, approximately 1% of the patients were found to have a SC/NE‐like transcriptional profile, whereas 0.5 and 3% of GG1 and GG5 patients respectively showed to be SC/NE‐like. More than 80% of these patients are genomically high‐risk based on Decipher score. Interrogating in vitro drug sensitivity analyses, SC/NE‐like prostatic tumors showed higher response to PARP and HDAC inhibitors. What's new? While genomic/transcriptomic data analysis has revolutionized cancer biology, this analysis is frequently only available late in the cancer history, often after years of therapy. Here the authors built a single sample genomic classifier to predict primary prostate cancer tumors with early small cell neuroendocrine differentiation. They show in three independent cohorts that small cell neuroendocrine tumors of the prostate are similar to small cell tumors of the lung and predict the specific prostate tumors to be responsive to inhibitors of poly ADP ribose polymerase and histone deacetylases, underscoring the use of these drugs in this subtype of prostate cancer.
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Cohen PR. Basal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Secondary Localized Cutaneous Amyloid Deposits: Case Report and Review. Cureus 2019; 11:e3879. [PMID: 30899630 PMCID: PMC6420332 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid deposition has been observed in tissue specimens of basal cell carcinomas. A 68-year-old man with a nodular basal cell carcinoma on his left arm near the elbow is described; microscopic evaluation of the biopsy tissue specimen shows not only nodular aggregates and strands of atypical basaloid tumor cells but also marked deposition of amorphous amyloid material in the stroma between the aggregates of basal cell carcinoma. Including the man in this report, there are additional individual descriptions of patients whose basal cell carcinomas have amyloid deposits in the adjacent stroma or within the tumor aggregates or both. In addition, several retrospective pathology investigations have evaluated the features of this phenomenon. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma with amyloid deposition, in the English literature, ranges from 11% to 75%; however, it is possible that staining technique or tumor subtype or quantity of amyloid present may account for the lower detection of amyloid observed by some of the researchers. Amyloid in basal cell carcinoma specimens was observed to be present more frequently in older patients who had tumors with less aggressive histology patterns. Nodular basal cell carcinoma was the most common subtype of tumor with amyloid deposits whereas superficial basal cell carcinoma was the least frequent subtype. The amyloid deposits were usually identified on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and confirmed by using stains that allowed for easier visualization of the amyloid. The amyloid deposits were most commonly located in the stroma between the tumor aggregates; other locations included the papillary dermis above the carcinoma, the dermis at the advancing edge of the tumor and within the aggregates of basal cell carcinoma. Many of the basal cell carcinomas with amyloid deposits, similar to the reported patient, also contained solar elastosis. The origin of the amyloid deposition in these tumors is secondary amyloid AA protein from keratin derived from the epithelial cells overlying the basal cell carcinomas. The presence of amyloid deposition does not alter the management of these basal cell carcinomas; the treatment of the tumor is the same as when the basal cell carcinoma does not contain amyloid deposition.
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Vieira M, Rosmaninho I, Lopes I, Guilherme A, Moreira da Silva JP. Localized salt-dependent aquagenic urticaria, a rare subtype of urticaria: a case report. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 50:141-144. [PMID: 29384119 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary Aquagenic urticaria (AU) is a rare form of chronic inducible urticaria elicited by water at any temperature. We describe the case of a 25-year-old atopic woman who presented to our unit with a 4-year history of recurrent urticarial rashes, highly pruritic, confined to the neck and lower part of the face, occurring solely on contact with sea water. The lesions were reproduced by challenge tests with aqueous 3.5% NaCl and other hypertonic aqueous solutions but not with 20% glucose neither tap water. Our case supports the existence of a distinct salt-dependent subtype of aquagenic urticaria (SDAU), which seems to be triggered mostly by sea bathing, affects young women and has a characteristic localization on the inferior facial contours and neck. To the best of our knowledge, only eight cases of SDAU have been reported in the literature.
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Abstract
Localized gingival overgrowths are commonly encountered in our day-to-day clinical practice and often present a diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians. These lesions vary depending on the location, site, extent, histology, and/or etiopathology. Although most of the localized gingival enlargements represent the reactive lesion to plaque accumulation, the differential diagnosis ranges from peripheral fibroma to pyogenic granuloma to peripheral fibroma with ossification and/or calcification, peripheral giant cell granuloma, etc., Even the peripheral ameloblastoma may present clinically as a mere localized gingival enlargement. Therefore, proper histopathological diagnosis along with biopsy is necessary to effectively manage these lesions and to reduce their propensity for recurrence.
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Abstract
Hypertrichosis is described as an increased hair growth on any part or over whole body in comparison to persons of the same age, sex, and race which is independent of androgen excess. It may be localized and generalized or alternatively acquired and congenital forms. The acquired localized hypertrichosis has been associated with various causes including local trauma, chronic irritation, inflammation, occlusion by cast, and drugs. Here, we report a case of 2½-month-old healthy infant presenting with localized area of hypertrichosis over anterolateral aspect of the left thigh which was confined to the site of vaccination.
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Devakul T, Khemani V, Pollmann F, Huse DA, Sondhi SL. Obtaining highly excited eigenstates of the localized XX chain via DMRG-X. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20160431. [PMID: 29084883 PMCID: PMC5665784 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We benchmark a variant of the recently introduced density matrix renormalization group (DMRG)-X algorithm against exact results for the localized random field XX chain. We find that the eigenstates obtained via DMRG-X exhibit a highly accurate l-bit description for system sizes much bigger than the direct, many-body, exact diagonalization in the spin variables is able to access. We take advantage of the underlying free fermion description of the XX model to accurately test the strengths and limitations of this algorithm for large system sizes. We discuss the theoretical constraints on the performance of the algorithm from the entanglement properties of the eigenstates, and its actual performance at different values of disorder. A small but significant improvement to the algorithm is also presented, which helps significantly with convergence. We find that, at high entanglement, DMRG-X shows a bias towards eigenstates with low entanglement, but can be improved with increased bond dimension. This result suggests that one must be careful when applying the algorithm for interacting many-body localized spin models near a transition.This article is part of the themed issue 'Breakdown of ergodicity in quantum systems: from solids to synthetic matter'.
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Pickering G, Martin E, Tiberghien F, Delorme C, Mick G. Localized neuropathic pain: an expert consensus on local treatments. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2709-2718. [PMID: 29066862 PMCID: PMC5604568 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s142630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain localization is one of the hallmarks for the choice of first-line treatment in neuropathic pain. This literature review has been conducted to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of localized neuropathic pain (LNP), its assessment and the existing topical pharmacological treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review was performed using Medline from 2010 to December 2016, and all studies involving LNP and treatments were examined. A multidisciplinary expert panel of five pain specialists in this article reports a consensus on topical approaches that may be recommended to alleviate LNP and on their advantages in clinical practice. RESULTS Successive international recommendations have included topical 5% lidocaine and 8% capsaicin for LNP treatment. The expert panel considers that these compounds can be a first-line treatment for LNP, especially in elderly patients and patients with comorbidities and polypharmacy. Regulatory LNP indications should cover the whole range of LNP and not be restricted to specific etiologies or sites. Precautions for the use of plasters must be followed cautiously. CONCLUSION Although there is a real need for more randomized controlled trials for both drugs, publications clearly demonstrate excellent risk/benefit ratios, safety, tolerance and continued efficacy throughout long-term treatment. A major advantage of both plasters is that they have proven efficacy and may reduce the risk of adverse events such as cognitive impairment, confusion, somnolence, dizziness and constipation that are often associated with systemic neuropathic pain treatment and reduce the quality of life. Topical modalities also may be used in combination with other drugs and analgesics with limited drug-drug interactions.
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Raymond J, Choi J. Nodular cutaneous amyloidosis effectively treated with intralesional methotrexate. JAAD Case Rep 2016; 2:373-376. [PMID: 27713920 PMCID: PMC5045568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Yoshifuku A, Fujii K, Kawahira H, Katsue H, Baba A, Higashi Y, Aoyama Y, Kanekura T. Long-lasting Localized Pemphigus Vulgaris without Detectable Serum Autoantibodies Against Desmoglein 3 and Desmoglein 1. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:427-9. [PMID: 27512189 PMCID: PMC4966402 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.185712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease elicited by anti-desmoglein (DsG) 3 antibody. Although skin lesions tend to be distributed over the entire body, in some patients, they are confined to a restricted area. We report two patients who presented with long-lasting localized PV without detectable anti-DsG antibodies after suffering antibody-positive systemic PV. Initial treatment with prednisolone (PSL) was successful in both patients, but a local relapse occurred on the cheek or lower lip after a reduction in the PSL dose. Biopsy of the localized lesions showed suprabasal acantholysis; no serum DsG antibodies were found. Local immunosuppression therapy was effective in both patients. Based on our findings, we suggest that localized PV without detectable antibodies can develop after systemic PV.
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Nasehi A, Mazhari F, Mohtasham N. Localized idiopathic root resorption in the primary dentition: Review of the literature and a case report. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:603-609. [PMID: 26929703 PMCID: PMC4745246 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic root resorption (IRR) is an infrequent condition that is usually found as an accidental finding on radiography. A significant number of cases of IRR in permanent dentition have been presented but are rarely reported in primary dentition. The aim of this case report is to present a case of localized IRR in a 7-year-old boy. The patient was referred because of increased mobility of the left mandibular primary second molar. On radiographic evaluation, severe root resorption of that tooth, and mild root resorption of the right mandibular primary second molar were evident; the patient was caries-free. The left affected tooth was lost, and after placing a band and loop space maintainer, the patient was followed for 18 months. A patient with an abnormal pattern of root resorption, especially in the primary dentition, should alert the clinician to rule out the known important local and systemic factors. The exact causes of and treatments for IRR continue to be discovered.
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Hefermehl LJ, Disteldorf D, Lehmann K. Acknowledging unreported problems with active surveillance for prostate cancer: a prospective single-centre observational study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010191. [PMID: 26888730 PMCID: PMC4762090 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report outcomes of patients with localised prostate cancer (PCa) managed with active surveillance (AS) in a standard clinical setting. DESIGN Single-centre, prospective, observational study. SETTING Non-academic, average-size hospital in Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Prospective, observational study at a non-academic, average-size hospital in Switzerland. Inclusion and progression criteria meet general recommendations. 157 patients at a median age of 67 (61-70) years were included from December 1999 to March 2012. Follow-up (FU) ended June 2013. RESULTS Median FU was 48 (30-84) months. Overall confirmed reclassification rate was 20% (32/157). 20 men underwent radical prostatectomy with 1 recurrence, 11 had radiation therapy with 2 prostate-specific antigen relapses, and 1 required primary hormone ablation with a fatal outcome. Kaplan-Meier estimates for those remaining in the study showed an overall survival of 92%, cancer-specific survival of 99% and reclassification rate of 41%. Dropout rate was 36% and occurred at a median of 48 (21-81) months after inclusion. 68 (43%) men are still under AS. CONCLUSIONS Careful administration of AS can and will yield excellent results in long-term management of PCa, and also helps physicians and patients alike to balance quality of life and mortality. Our data revealed significant dropout from FU. Patient non-compliance can be a relevant problem in AS.
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Vázquez-Jiménez FE, Torres J, Flores-Luna L, Cerezo SG, Camorlinga-Ponce M. Patterns of Adherence of Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates to Epithelial Cells, and its Association with Disease and with Virulence Factors. Helicobacter 2016; 21:60-8. [PMID: 25908566 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Adherence to the gastric epithelium is one of the most important steps of Helicobacter pylori to remain and cause disease. The aim of this study was to analyze whether H. pylori isolates from patients with different gastroduodenal diseases present differences in the pattern of adherence to gastric epithelial cells (AGS), in the ability to induce IL-8, and in the presence of virulence genes. METHODS We tested 75 H. pylori strains isolated from nonatrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, and duodenal ulcer patients. The adhesion pattern and IL-8 induction were determined in AGS cells, and invasion of AGS cells was studied using a gentamicin protection assay. The IL-8 levels induced were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori strains presented diffuse adherence (DA) and localized (LA) adherence patterns, similar to those described for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), were observed in AGS cells. A DA pattern was observed in 57% and LA in 43% of the strains, and DA was more frequent in isolates from patients with gastric cancer (p = 0.044). Strains with a LA pattern induced higher levels of IL-8 (p = 0.042) in AGS cells. CONCLUSION The adherence pattern was not associated with neither invasiveness nor with the presence of virulence genes. Our study shows that H. pylori strains present adherence patterns to AGS cells resembling those observed in EPEC and that these patterns may be associated with disease and with activity on AGS cells.
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Abstract
Subcutaneous or deep granuloma annulare is a benign asymptomatic condition characterized by firm asymptomatic nodules in deep subcutaneous tissues that may be associated with intradermal lesions. A 53-year-old female presented with asymptomatic skin-colored, firm nodules over the right ring finger. Histopathology revealed a palisading granuloma with central degenerated collagen and mucin deposition in the dermis suggestive of granuloma annulare. Isolated and unilateral involvement of a single digit with clusters of nodules of subcutaneous granuloma annulare (GA) in an adult is rare and differentiation from its simulator rheumatoid nodule is essential.
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Sato-Shibuya M, Dainichi T, Egawa G, Honda T, Otsuka A, Ishii N, Hashimoto T, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K. Case with Brunsting-Perry-like localized subepidermal blister formations and immunoglobulin G antibodies against unidentified basement membrane zone antigen. J Dermatol 2015; 43:426-8. [PMID: 26362108 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brunsting-Perry type bullous pemphigoid is defined by the blister formation limited to the head and neck, and autoantibodies to type VII collagen are detected in several cases. However, the pathomechanisms and autoantigens in this condition remain unknown. We report a 20-year-old female patient with a more than 2-year history of recurrent tense blisters localized on the face with no distinct atrophic scar formation. The patient had neither extensive sun exposure nor a history suggestive of contact dermatitis. Oral betamethasone was effective on the skin lesions. Histopathology revealed subepidermal blister formation with dermal infiltrates of neutrophils. Although direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests detected immunoglobulin G antibodies to the basement membrane zone (BMZ), no known dermal or epidermal autoantigens were detected in immunoblot analyses. Therefore, this case may be a rare variant of Brunsting-Perry type localized bullous pemphigoid with autoantibodies to an undetermined BMZ antigen.
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