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Roger A. [Simultaneous isolation of infected and non-infected clones of mycoplasmas from plaques obtained on acholeplasma laidlawii lawns with a virus of group L1 of Gourlay]. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, MIKROBIOLOGIE UND HYGIENE. 1. ABT. ORIGINALE A, MEDIZINISCHE MIKROBIOLOGIE, INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN UND PARASITOLOGIE = INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND HYGIENE. A, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, INFECTIOUS... 1982; 252:129-31. [PMID: 7124157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Somerson NL, Kocka JP, Rose D, Del Giudice RA. Isolation of acholeplasmas and a mycoplasma from vegetables. Appl Environ Microbiol 1982; 43:412-7. [PMID: 7036899 PMCID: PMC241840 DOI: 10.1128/aem.43.2.412-417.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of Mollicutes from food has not been reported. To isolate Mollicutes in the presence of high levels of unwanted bacteria, we first incubated fresh vegetables in liquid culture media containing lysozyme, ampicillin, and thallous acetate. Culture fluids were than separated from the vegetable samples, subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle, and passed through a filter of 0.4-micron porosity. Filtered samples were cultured in SP4 medium and in a conventional medium containing horse serum. With this procedure 21 acholeplasma isolations representing three species were obtained from endive, broccoli, and kale. Of 35 food samples tested, 11 were positive for acholeplasmas; acholeplasmas isolated from 6 of these samples were recovered only in SP4 medium. In seven single vegetable samples, two or more Acholeplasma spp. were isolated. A. laidlawii was isolated from all three vegetables and A. axanthum was found in broccoli and kale. Four isolates were serologically identified as A. oculi. Mycoplasma verecundum was the only Mycoplasma species recovered. Several isolates could not be typed serologically, as they reacted with antisera to both A. morum and A. hippikon. these isolates may include new Acholeplasma spp.
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Kotani H, Ogata M, Koshimizu K, Tashiro K, Masui M. Isolation of Acholeplasma laidlawii from a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) and a mouflon (Ovis musimon). Vet Rec 1982; 110:16. [PMID: 7064318 DOI: 10.1136/vr.110.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Scheidegger González A, Berrios Etchegaray P. [Equine mycoplasma typing using the direct immunofluorescence technic]. REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE MICROBIOLOGIA 1982; 24:7-10. [PMID: 6764691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Doig PA. Bovine genital mycoplasmosis. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 1981; 22:339-43. [PMID: 7337908 PMCID: PMC1789999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Infection, lesions and clinical significance of Acheloplasmas, Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium in genital disease of cattle are described. A more detailed account is given of ureaplasma infections. Acute and chronic forms of granular vulvitis in both field and experimental disease are described as well as the role of the organism in abortion. Recovery rates of ureaplasma and mycoplasma from semen and preputial washings in bulls are outlined and their significance in disease is discussed. There are problems in differentiating pathogenic from nonpathogenic isolates. Methods are being developed to treat semen for these organisms. This paper provides a concise summary of clinical and microbiological aspects of bovine genital mycoplasmosis.
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Carski TR, Broman RL, Del Giudice RA. A note on positive BACTEC readings produced by Mycoplasma. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1981; 51:41-3. [PMID: 7024236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1981.tb00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kihara K, Ishida A, Okumura W. Detection of mycoplasmal contaminants in sera. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION 1981; 9:243-51. [PMID: 7275992 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-1157(81)80049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Marantidi AN, Dzhikidze EK. [Biochemical and serologic study of Acholeplasmae isolated from monkeys]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1981:50-3. [PMID: 6787821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and serological properties of mycoplasmas isolated from the blood, feces and parenchymatous organs of monkeys have been studied to determine their species. It was established that the isolated strains belong to the family Acholeplasmatoceae. The study of their biochemical properties in different tests has revealed the presence of 5 biochemically heterogeneous groups. Their serological properties suggest that 13 out of 45 strains are identical to the reference strain of A. laidlawii A, and all other strains have been classified as new Acholeplasma species which have never been isolated from monkeys before.
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Rahman H, Baxi KK, Sharma SN. Isolation of Mycoplasma from a buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with mastitis. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1981; 28:585-586. [PMID: 7199239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1981.tb01777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Efremova II, Gegenava BO, Kozlova OV, Vasil'eva VI. [Use of the growth inhibition test, the CFT, and the agar gel diffusion precipitation test to identify mycoplasmae isolated from monkeys]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1980:50-3. [PMID: 6778034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The data are presented on comparative evaluation of the growth inhibition test (GIT), the diffuse precipitation test in agar gel (DPTAG) and the complement fixation test (CFT) in the identification of Mycoplasma isolated from monkeys. The results obtained in the study of 4 Mycoplasma strains from the internal organs of monkeys in the CFT and the DPTAG with hyperimmune rabbit sera provided by Microbiological Associates, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, allowed these Mycoplasma to be identified as M. laidlawii (l 6916, p 6240 and M 6802) and M. hominis (C 7034), which was confirmed by the study of the biological properties of these strains and in the GIT. The CFT and the DP-TAG, equally to the GIt and other serological tests, can be used for identification of newly isolated Mycoplasma strains.
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Kapikian AZ, Barile MF, Wyatt RG, Yolken RH, Tully JG, Greenberg HB, Kalica AR, Chanock RM. Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture of Crohn's disease material. Lancet 1979; 2:466-7. [PMID: 89521 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Counter DE. A severe outbreak of bovine mastitis assoicated with Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii. Vet Rec 1978; 103:130-1. [PMID: 695253 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103.7.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of clinical mastitis is described in which 75 cows of a herd of 200 Friesian cows were affected in one or more quarters over a period of three months. Sixty animals failed to return to normal despite various intramammary and systemic antibiotic treatments. Heifers, dry cows and lactating animals were affected. The milk of 15 out of 53 animals tested yielded mixed cultures of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii. Thirteen of 34 sera showed evidence of antibodies to A laidlawii.
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Orning AP, Ross RF, Barile MF. Isolation of Mycoplasma arginini from swine and from a swine waste disposal system. Am J Vet Res 1978; 39:1169-74. [PMID: 677536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma arginini was isolated from the pharynges and tonsils of 4 of 6 swine necropsied during an epizootic of respiratory tract diseases and lameness. The organism was also isolated from 2 of 16 asymptomatic swine examined in the same herd approximately 10 months after the epizootic. In addition, M arginini, Acholeplasma laidlawii, and other acholeplasmas were isolated from recycled effluent of an anaerobic lagoon used for disposal of waste from the swine herd. This observation represents the 1st report of a Mycoplasma species isolated from a lagoon or sewage system. The pathogenicity of a strain of M arginini isolated during the epizootic was examined by inoculating young swine intranasally, intratracheally, intravenously, and intraperitoneally. The agent colonized in the pharynges of 2 pigs inoculated intranasally, but did not produce overt signs of clinical disease. Although neutralizing antibodies to M arginini were not detected, 1 animal that had been infected naturally and 2 that had been inoculated intravenously did develop complement-fixing antibodies. The findings indicate that M arginini can colonize in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosae of swine, but that it is not highly pathogenic for these animals.
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Iaguzhinskaia OE. [Serum proteins in preparations of mycoplasma cells]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1977:141-2. [PMID: 899444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Williams H, Davidson M. Keratitis and Acholeplasma laidlawi. Lancet 1976; 2:741. [PMID: 61420 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Environmental sampling was performed during trypsinization and passage of 3T-6 cell cultures that contained a mean of 4.3 X 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) per ml supernatant of A. laidlawii. The lip of the culture flask and the outside of the used pipet were always heavily contaminated. The outside of the culture flask (3/7), the work surface (8/12) and the outside of a pan of disinfectant (4/5) were regularly contaminated with mycoplasmas. Airborne mycoplasmas were detected eight of 32 times (25%) by settling plates; simultaneous forced-air samplers by two different methods were always negative. The technician's hands were contaminated two of 15 samples. When hands were contaminated, more contamination was detected in the environment. Droplets of A. laidlawii and M. orale inoculated onto work surfaces survived drying for a minimum of 3 days, even in laminar airflow cabinets. Twenty-five of 31 (80.6%) cell culture technicians carried M. salivarium in their throats; only two carried M. orale. It is concluded that mycoplasma-infected clltures are the most common source of further infection. Recommendations for prevention and control of mycoplasmal infection are listed.
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Pugh GW, Hughes DE, Schulz VD. Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: experimental induction of infection in calves with mycoplasmas and Moraxella bovis. Am J Vet Res 1976; 37:493-5. [PMID: 1275332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Eyes of 14 calves were exposed by conjunctival instillation to cultures of either Mycoplasma conjunctivae (6 calves) or Acholeplasma laidlawii (8 calves). Calves were observed for clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), and eyes were examined for the test organisms by bacteriologic cultural technique for 60 days. Acholeplasma laidlawii became established in the eyes of 5 of 8 calves; M conjunctivae became established in the eyes of 4 of 6 calves. On day 28, eyes of 9 of the 14 calves were exposed by conjunctival instillation to Moraxella bovis, and all developed IBK. Five calves exposed to Moraxenjunctivae or A laidlawii, but not to Mor bovis, did not develop IBK. Four calves not exposed to M conjunctivae or A laidlawii, but exposed to Mor bovis, developed IBK. Mycoplasmas do not have a major role in IBK, but might produce ancillary effects similar to those of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, wind, ultraviolet radiation, dust, and other irritants.
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Bradbury JM, Oriel CA, Jordan FT. Simple method for immunofluorescent identification of mycoplasma colonies. J Clin Microbiol 1976; 3:449-52. [PMID: 770501 PMCID: PMC274322 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.3.4.449-452.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
General purpose rubber stoppers proved to be a simple, rapid, and satisfactory method of transferring mycoplasma colonies from agar to microscope slides for immunofluorescence.
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Jasper DE, Dellinger JD, Hakanson HD. Effectiveness of certain teat dips and sanitizers in vitro and on teat skin against Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis. THE CORNELL VETERINARIAN 1976; 66:164-71. [PMID: 1261269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven teat dip and sanitizer products were tested in vitro and in vivo for mycoplasmacidal activity against Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis (M. bovimastitidis). Most, but not all products tested appeared to kill the mycoplasma at satisfactory dilutions. These mycoplasma survived longer on teat skin during humid, rainy weather than during warm, dry weather. Acholeplasma laidlawii was frequently found on normal teat skin.
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46
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Gourlay RN, Howard CJ, Thomas LH, Stott EJ. Experimentally produced calf pneumonia. Res Vet Sci 1976; 20:167-73. [PMID: 1265354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Experimental pneumonia was produced in calves by the endobronchial inoculation of pneumonic lung homogenates. Irradiated homogenates produced minimal pneumonia. Ampicillin treatment of the homogenates and the experimental calves reduced the extent of pneumonia. Treatment with tylosin tartrate prevented experimental pneumonia. These results suggest that the total pneumonia was due to organisms susceptible to tylosin tartrate and that the residual pneumonia remaining after ampicillin treatment was due to organisms susceptible to tylosin tartrate but not to ampicillin. Of the organisms isolated from the lungs, the ones in this latter category most likely to be responsible are Mycoplasma dispar and ureaplasmas (T-mycoplasmas).
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Abstract
The mycoplasmas found in the lungs of 20 calves, housed together for six months, and the related pulmonary pathology are reported. Twelve calves had cuffing pneumonia and in this group there was a significantly higher isolation frequency of Mycoplasma dispar and Ureaplasma spp compared with the non-pneumonic group. Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Acholeplasma laidlawii were isolated from the lungs of calves in both groups. Mycoplasma arginini was not recovered from the lungs of any calf. The significance of the peribronchiolar lymphocytic accumulation in the lungs of the non-pneumonic animals and their differentiation from peribronchiolar lymphocytic cuffs is discussed.
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Smirnova TD, Iaguzhinskaia OE, Balaeva EI. [Identification of mycoplasmas isolated from monkeys]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1975:90-4. [PMID: 235821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The authors identified 15 strains of mycoplasmae isolated from Papio hamadryas suffering from leukemia and from healthy Macacus rhesus, a green monkey and saimiri. A study was made of their biochemical properties, antigenic properties in the reaction of growth depression with immune sera to a number of standard strains, and also the protein composition by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (EPAG). A number of mycoplasmae were identified as A. laidlawii, M. arthritidis--Campo and M. cynomolgus KI, affilated to M. orale II. Four strains were apparently a mixture of three mycoplasmae (M. cynomolgus KI, M. arthritidis--Campo, and M. hyorhinis). Six strains of mycoplasmae (three enzymatically active, belonging according to EPAG data to a single serological type, and three--enzymatically inert, differing by EPAG) could not be identified.
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Quinn PA. Development of high resolution pyrolysis-gas chromatography for the identification of microorganisms. J Chromatogr Sci 1974; 12:796-806. [PMID: 4217802 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/12.12.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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50
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Langford EV. Acholeplasma laidlawii and Pasteurella multocida isolated from the pneumonic lung of a lynx. J Wildl Dis 1974; 10:420-2. [PMID: 4436927 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-10.4.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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