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Astudillo L, Recher C, Launay F, Lamant L, Brousset P, Arlet-Suau E. Malignant lymphoma presenting as cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:820-1. [PMID: 15840134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Sutton DA, Thompson EH, Rinaldi MG, Iwen PC, Nakasone KK, Jung HS, Rosenblatt HM, Paul ME. Identification and first report of Inonotus (Phellinus) tropicalis as an etiologic agent in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:982-7. [PMID: 15695724 PMCID: PMC548074 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.2.982-987.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although isolates of filamentous basidiomycetes can usually be recognized in a clinical laboratory setting, identification is problematic, as they seldom exhibit diagnostic morphological features formed in nature. This paper is the first report of Inonotus (Phellinus) tropicalis inciting human disease and describes the methods used to support the identification.
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Mentink-Kane MM, Wynn TA. Opposing roles for IL-13 and IL-13 receptor alpha 2 in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2005; 202:191-202. [PMID: 15546394 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 is a key inducer of several type-2 cytokine-dependent pathologies. It regulates inflammation, mucus production, tissue remodeling, and fibrosis. Consequently, it has become an important therapeutic target for a number of debilitating illnesses, including asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, ulcerative colitis, as well as several other diseases in which IL-13 is believed to be overproduced. In the murine model of schistosomiasis, IL-13 has emerged as a central mediator of chronic infection-induced liver pathology. Although IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 each regulate distinct aspects of the granulomatous inflammatory response, IL-13 was identified as the primary mediator of liver fibrosis. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the production and function of IL-13 has become an intensive area of research. IL-13 signaling is mediated by the type-2 IL-4 receptor, which consists of the IL-4R alpha and IL-13R alpha 1 chains. However, another IL-13-binding chain, IL-13R alpha 2, appears to strongly inhibit the activity of IL-13. Animals deficient in IL-13R alpha 2 fail to downmodulate granuloma formation in the chronic phase of infection. They also develop severe IL-13-dependent fibrosis and portal hypertension and quickly succumb to the infection. Here, we summarize findings from the schistosomiasis model, which illustrate opposing activities for IL-13 and IL-13R alpha 2 in health and disease.
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Yasui K. [Pathogenesis and infections in patients with defects in neutrophil functions]. [RINSHO KETSUEKI] THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 2005; 46:233-9. [PMID: 16444954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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30
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Hasui M, Sasaki M, Tsuji S, Yamamoto A, Takaya J, Taniuchi S, Izumi H, Hagihara T, Daito M, Kobayashi Y. Dental infections as a cause of persistent fever in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2004; 43:171-3. [PMID: 15024440 DOI: 10.1177/000992280404300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Sumimoto H. [Etiological view of diseases from protein domain--activation mechanism of reactive-oxygen-species producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase important rule in host defence]. MASUI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2002; 51 Suppl:S63-71. [PMID: 12655716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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32
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Yang S, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Shukla M, Blazar BR, Haddad IY. Exuberant inflammation in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-deficient mice after allogeneic marrow transplantation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:5840-7. [PMID: 12023388 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.11.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that NO and superoxide (O-*2)contribute to donor T cell-dependent lung dysfunction after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in mice. We hypothesized that inhibiting superoxide production during inducible NO synthase induction would suppress oxidative/nitrative stress and result in less severe lung injury. Irradiated mice lacking the phagocytic NADPH-oxidase (phox(-/-)), a contributor to superoxide generation, were conditioned with cyclophosphamide and given donor bone marrow in the presence or absence of inflammation-inducing allogeneic spleen T cells. On day 7 after allogeneic BMT, survival, weight loss, and indices of lung injury between phox(-/-) and wild-type mice were not different. However, the majority of macrophages/monocytes from phox(-/-) mice given donor T cells produced fewer oxidants and contained less nitrotyrosine than cells obtained from T cell-recipient wild-type mice. Importantly, suppressed oxidative stress was associated with marked infiltration of the lungs with inflammatory cells and was accompanied by increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of the chemoattractants monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha and impaired clearance of recombinant mouse macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta from the circulation. Furthermore, cultured macrophages/monocytes from NADPH-deficient mice produced 3-fold more TNF-alpha compared with equal number of cells from NADPH-sufficient mice. The high NO production was not modified during NADPH-oxidase deficiency. We conclude that phox(-/-) mice exhibit enhanced pulmonary influx of inflammatory cells after BMT. Although NO may contribute to increased production of TNF-alpha in phox(-/-) mice, the data suggest that NADPH-oxidase-derived oxidants have a role in limiting inflammation and preventing lung cellular infiltration after allogeneic transplantation.
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Thami GP, Kaur ST, Kanwar AJ. Vegetative tissue reaction. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 92:591-2. [PMID: 11740471 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.118026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Toy BR. Congenital autonomic dysfunction with universal pain loss (Riga-Fede disease). Dermatol Online J 2001; 7:17. [PMID: 12165233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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35
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Iwata M, Nunoi H. [Chronic granulomatous disease]. RYOIKIBETSU SHOKOGUN SHIRIZU 2001:179-82. [PMID: 11212682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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36
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Ezekowitz RA. Update on chronic granulomatous disease: the concept of the near-normal host. CURRENT CLINICAL TOPICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2001; 20:325-34. [PMID: 10943531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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37
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Abstract
Neutrophil disorders are an uncommon yet important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. This article is an overview of these conditions, with emphasis on clinical recognition, rational investigation, and treatment. A comprehensive list of references is provided for further reading.
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Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is a heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections, and a variety of immunological abnormalities. In addition to recurrent infections, patients with this syndrome also suffer from an increased incidence of autoimmune disease and malignancy. Because the spectrum of associated diseases is broad, patients with CVI are seen by a variety of medical specialists. In this review, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of CVI are discussed.
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39
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Rogers RS. Granulomatous cheilitis, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, and orofacial granulomatosis. ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY 2000; 136:1557-8. [PMID: 11115174 DOI: 10.1001/archderm.136.12.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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40
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Meischl C, Boer M, Ahlin A, Roos D. A new exon created by intronic insertion of a rearranged LINE-1 element as the cause of chronic granulomatous disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2000; 8:697-703. [PMID: 10980575 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) or L1 elements are DNA elements present in the genome in high copy number and capable of active retrotransposition. Here we present a patient with severe chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) caused by insertion of an L1 sequence into intron 5 of the X-lined gene CYBB. Due to internal rearrangements, the insert introduced new splice sites into the intron. This resulted in a highly heterogeneous splicing pattern with introduction of two L1 fragments as new exons into the transcripts and concomitant skipping of exonic coding sequence. Because no wild-type cDNA was found, this mechanism is probably responsible for the patient's phenotype. The L1 fragment, which belongs to the Ta subset of transcriptionally active LINEs, illustrates a new mechanism by which these elements can modify the transcribed coding sequence of genes.
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Rae J, Noack D, Heyworth PG, Ellis BA, Curnutte JT, Cross AR. Molecular analysis of 9 new families with chronic granulomatous disease caused by mutations in CYBA, the gene encoding p22(phox). Blood 2000; 96:1106-12. [PMID: 10910929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare inherited disorder caused by nonexistent or severely decreased phagocyte superoxide production that results in a severe defect in host defense and consequent predisposition to microbial infection. The enzyme responsible for generating the superoxide, NADPH oxidase, involves at least 5 protein components. The absence of, or a defect in, any 1 of 4 of these proteins (p22(phox), p47(phox), p67(phox), or gp91(phox)) gives rise to the known types of chronic granulomatous disease. One of the rarest forms of the disease is due to defects in the CYBA gene encoding p22(phox), which together with gp91(phox) forms flavocytochrome b(558), the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase. To date, only 9 kindreds with p22(phox) deficiency have been described in the literature comprising 10 mutant alleles. Four polymorphisms in the CYBA gene have also been reported. Here we describe 9 new, unrelated kindreds containing 12 mutations, 9 of which are novel. In addition, we report 3 new polymorphisms. The novel mutations are (a) deletion of exons 2 and 3, (b) a missense mutation in exon 3 (T155-->C), (c) a splice site mutation at the 5' end of intron 3, (d) a missense mutation in exon 2 (G74-->T), (e) a nonsense mutation in exon 1 (G26-->A), (f) a missense mutation in exon 4 (C268-->T), (g) a frameshift in exon 3 due to the insertion of C at C162, (h) a nonsense mutation in exon 2 (G107-->A), and (i) a missense mutation in exon 2 (G70-->A).
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Riabichenko EV, Bondarenko VM, Riabichenko VV. [Role of active forms of oxygen generated by phagocytes in the pathogenesis of diseases]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 2000:65-71. [PMID: 12712517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The review deals with the analysis of the properties of active forms of oxygen (AFO), generated by phagocytic cells, and their role in the development of a number of human diseases. Bacterial and viral infections contribute to the activation of the oxidizing metabolism of phagocytes. In the process of this metabolism the formation of toxic oxygen and nitrogen metabolites occurs. The defect of the system of activation calls prolonged microbial persistence whose most severe manifestation is chronic granulomatosis. On the contrary, the uncontrolled production of oxidants cause tissue lesions. The role of AFO in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, peptic ulcer, the syndrome of respiratory insufficiency and bronchial asthma is discussed.
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Nunoi H, Sugimoto Y, Kanegasaki S. [Prospects for gene therapy for chronic granulomatous disease with gp91-phox deficiency]. [RINSHO KETSUEKI] THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 1998; 39:132. [PMID: 9545823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Shibata A. [Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)]. RYOIKIBETSU SHOKOGUN SHIRIZU 1998:81-3. [PMID: 9833435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Mullighan CG, Fanning GC, Chapel HM, Welsh KI. TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha polymorphisms associated with common variable immunodeficiency: role in the pathogenesis of granulomatous disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1997; 159:6236-41. [PMID: 9550427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A subgroup of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients have distinct clinical features, particularly granulomata splenomegaly, characteristic blood lymphocyte phenotype, and elevated circulating TNF levels. To investigate the genetic basis for this phenotype, 150 CVID patients and 200 controls were genotyped for six biallelic TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) polymorphisms and eight class I and II HLA loci using PCR and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) sequence-specific primers. Clinical and immunophenotypic data were collected for 90 patients to examine associations with CVID patient subgroups. The presence of granulomata (22% of patients) was strongly associated with splenomegaly, T and B lymphopenia, reduced CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells, and CD8+ CD57+ lymphocytosis, confirming the concept of a subgroup of patients with distinct clinical and laboratory features. The uncommon TNF +488A allele was strongly associated with this subgroup (p = 0.0005). The association between "granulomatous" CVID and TNF +488A was independent of HLA class I and II associations. We postulate that the presence of the TNF +488A allele, or alleles in linkage disequilibrium with it, contributes to the high levels of TNF and granulomatous complications characteristic of this subgroup of patients.
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Görlach A, Lee PL, Roesler J, Hopkins PJ, Christensen B, Green ED, Chanock SJ, Curnutte JT. A p47-phox pseudogene carries the most common mutation causing p47-phox- deficient chronic granulomatous disease. J Clin Invest 1997; 100:1907-18. [PMID: 9329953 PMCID: PMC508379 DOI: 10.1172/jci119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The predominant genetic defect causing p47-phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (A47 degrees CGD) is a GT deletion (DeltaGT) at the beginning of exon 2. No explanation exists to account for the high incidence of this single mutation causing a rare disease in an unrelated, racially diverse population. In each of 34 consecutive unrelated normal individuals, both the normal and mutant DeltaGT sequences were present in genomic DNA, suggesting that a p47-phox related sequence carrying DeltaGT exists in the normal population. Screening of genomic bacteriophage and YAC libraries identified 13 p47-phox bacteriophage and 19 YAC clones. The GT deletion was found in 11 bacteriophage and 15 YAC clones. Only 5 exonic and 33 intronic differences distinguished all DeltaGT clones from all wild-type clones. The most striking differences were a 30-bp deletion in intron 1 and a 20-bp duplication in intron 2. These results provide good evidence for the existence of at least one highly homologous p47-phox pseudogene containing the DeltaGT mutation. The p47-phox gene and pseudogene(s) colocalize to chromosome 7q11.23. This close linkage, together with the presence within each gene of multiple recombination hot spots, suggests that the predominance of the DeltaGT mutation in A47 degrees CGD is caused by recombination events between the wild-type gene and the pseudogene(s).
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Leusen JH, de Klein A, Hilarius PM, Ahlin A, Palmblad J, Smith CI, Diekmann D, Hall A, Verhoeven AJ, Roos D. Disturbed interaction of p21-rac with mutated p67-phox causes chronic granulomatous disease. J Exp Med 1996; 184:1243-9. [PMID: 8879195 PMCID: PMC2192830 DOI: 10.1084/jem.184.4.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by the failure of phagocytic leukocytes to generate superoxide, needed for the intracellular killing of microorganisms. This is caused by mutations in any one of the four subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. In a rare, autosomal recessive form of CGD, a 67-kD cytosolic component of this enzyme (p67-phox) is missing. We here report on a patient with a mutation in the p67-phox gene that leads to expression of a nonfunctional p67-phox protein. The purified granulocytes of this patient failed to produce superoxide and contained about half of the normal amount of p67-phox. Analysis of the cDNA and genomic DNA of this patient showed that the patient is a compound heterozygote for a triplet nucleotide deletion in the p67-phox gene, predicting an in-frame deletion of lysine 58 in the p67-phox protein and a larger deletion of 11-13 kb in the other allele. Interestingly, the 58Lys deletion in p67-phox disrupts the interaction with p21-rac1, a ras-related protein involved in the activation of the NADPH oxidase. In contrast to normal neutrophils, in which p47-phox and p67-phox translocate to the plasma membrane upon cell activation, the cells of the patient did not show this translocation, indicating that an interaction between p67-phox and p21-rac1 is essential for translocation of these cytosolic proteins and activation of the NADPH oxidase. Moreover, this CGD patient represents the first case of disease caused by a disturbed binding of a ras-related protein to its target protein.
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Abstract
Granulomatous disorders are frequently due to a wide variety of infections. Over the past decade advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have allowed identification of organisms involved in granulomatous disorders that previously were of unknown etiology. On the basis of currently available information, granulomatous infections can now be classified in three categories. Group 1 infections are due to a well-recognized organism. Group 2 comprises infections due to organisms that have been recently identified in granulomas by molecular methods but are not readily isolated by conventional microbiological techniques. Group 3 consists of disorders for which the causal organisms have not yet been identified but are strongly suspected; further advances in diagnostic techniques will lead to reclassification of some of these disorders as group 2. This review describes the etiology, histopathologic features, and classification of granulomatous disorders, with an emphasis on those of groups 2 and 3.
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Komiyama A. [Disorders of neutrophil function]. [RINSHO KETSUEKI] THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY 1996; 37:497-501. [PMID: 8752981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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50
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Vanlemmens P, Leroy J, Estavoyer JM, Destuynder O, Aubert D, Viennet G, Colin P. [A little known cause of persistent fever and granulomatous hepatitis in children: cat scratch disease]. Arch Pediatr 1995; 2:657-61. [PMID: 7663655 DOI: 10.1016/0929-693x(96)81221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive hepatic and splenic involvement in cat-scratch disease has rarely been reported. CASE REPORT A 2 1/2 year-old boy suffered for 2 weeks from high-grade fever, abdominal pain and alteration of his general condition. Ultrasonography revealed multiple hypoechogenic nodules in liver and spleen. The CT scan also showed hypodense lesions. An open liver biopsy was performed 5 weeks after the onset of illness. Histopathology of a resected nodule demonstrated neutrophilic granulomatous inflammation with central abscess formation. Recent cat exposure, suppurated epitrochlear lymph node 15 days before admission were also consistent with cat-scratch disease which was confirmed by elevated anti-Rochalimaea antibody titers. Follow-up showed complete resolution of all hepatic and splenic lesions within 6 months and emergence of splenic calcifications. CONCLUSION Cat-scratch disease should be considered in the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin and hepatosplenic abscesses in children.
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