476
|
Babu RJ, Chatterjee A, Singh M. Assessment of skin irritation and molecular responses in rat skin exposed to nonane, dodecane and tetradecane. Toxicol Lett 2004; 153:255-66. [PMID: 15451557 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Revised: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons constitute a major portion of jet fuels, kerosene and other solvents. This study investigated the effects of dermal exposures of selected aliphatic hydrocarbons (nonane, dodecane and tetradecane) on the skin irritation (erythema), transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) and expression of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the skin and blood of hairless rats. Dermal exposures were carried out by occlusive application of chemicals (230 microl for 1 h, using Hill Top Chambers) for 1 h. The expression of IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and the regulatory proteins NFkappaB and IkappaBalpha were measured by Western blot analysis. The skin irritation and TEWL data indicate that the irritation was in the following decreasing order: nonane > dodecane > tetradecane. Likewise, nonane significantly increased the expression of IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in skin and blood as compared to control at different time points. Dodecane and tetradecane did not show any increase in the expression of IL-1alpha and MCP-1 as compared to control (P > 0.05), but the expression of TNF-alpha by dodecane and tetradecane was significantly higher than control at all time points. The release of cytokines by nonane exposure was further supported by activation of NFkappaB p65 and corresponding degradation of IkappaBalpha in the skin. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the biophysical parameters (TEWL and erythema scores) were correlated to the biomarker expressions after dermal exposures with nonane but not with dodecane and tetradecane. Dodecane produced only mild irritation in response to experimental conditions of the present study and further did not show significant differences in IL-1alpha and MCP-1 levels in skin and blood. However, TNF-alpha was well expressed in response to all the chemicals. Tetradecane did not show any visible signs of skin irritation and also did not produce any significant difference in IL-1alpha and MCP-1 release profiles as compared with control. The expression of TNF-alpha in skin due to tetradecane support the fact that visually indistinguishable skin irritation reactions can induce significant changes in the biological marker profile.
Collapse
|
477
|
Chatterjee A, Ghosh S, Salhiyyah K, Gaines P, Rocco G. A rare presentation of a ruptured bronchial artery aneurysm. Thorax 2004; 59:912. [PMID: 15454661 PMCID: PMC1746845 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2004.028589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
478
|
Kunesch N, Rolland Y, Poisson J, Majumder PL, Née Raychaudhuri RM, Chatterjee A, Agwada VC, Naranjo J, Hesse M, Schmid H. Structure d'alcaloïdes indoliques doubles d'un type nouveau. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19770600837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
479
|
Misra A, Vikram NK, Arya S, Pandey RM, Dhingra V, Chatterjee A, Dwivedi M, Sharma R, Luthra K, Guleria R, Talwar KK. High prevalence of insulin resistance in postpubertal Asian Indian children is associated with adverse truncal body fat patterning, abdominal adiposity and excess body fat. Int J Obes (Lond) 2004; 28:1217-26. [PMID: 15314636 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives were to study the relationships of insulin resistance with generalized and abdominal obesity, and body fat patterning in urban postpubertal Asian Indian children. DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. SUBJECTS In all, 250 (155 males and 95 females) healthy urban postpubertal children. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric profile, percentage of body fat (%BF), fasting serum insulin, and lipoprotein profile. RESULTS Fasting insulin correlated significantly with body mass index (BMI), %BF, waist circumference (WC), central and peripheral skinfold thicknesses and sum of four skinfold thicknesses (Sigma 4SF) in both sexes, and with systolic blood pressure and waist-to hip circumference ratio (W-HR) in males only. Consistent increase in fasting insulin was noted with increasing values of central skinfold thickness at each tertile of peripheral skinfold thickness, WC, and %BF. Central skinfold thickness correlated with fasting insulin even after adjusting for WC, W-HR, and %BF. The odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) of hyperinsulinemia (fasting insulin concentrations in the highest quartile) were 4.7 (2.4-9.4) in overweight subjects, 8 (4.1-15.5) with high %BF, 6.4 (3.2-12.9) with high WC, 3.7 (1.9-7.3) with high W-HR, 6.8 (3.3-13.9) with high triceps skinfold thickness, 8 (4.1-15.7) with high subscapular skinfold thickness, and 10.1 (5-20.5) with high Sigma 4SF. In step-wise multiple logistic regression analysis, %BF [OR (95% CI): 3.2 (1.4-7.8)] and Sigma 4SF [OR (95% CI): 4.5 (1.8-11.3)] were independent predictors of hyperinsulinemia, similar to insulin resistance assessed by HOMA (homeostatic model of assessment) in the study. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of insulin resistance in postpubertal urban Asian Indian children was associated with excess body fat, abdominal adiposity, and excess truncal subcutaneous fat. Primary prevention strategies for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus in Asian Indians should focus on the abnormal body composition profile in childhood.
Collapse
|
480
|
|
481
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A loop ileostomy is a suitable procedure for faecal diversion. A number of technical improvements and advancement in stoma management have made its creation a suitable alternative to a loop colostomy. We describe an alternative technique for securing a loop ileostomy and perform a retrospective review of this technique. PATIENTS & METHOD 40 patients who had a loop ileostomy performed as part of an abdominal procedure were reviewed. The loop of ileum was secured to the stoma site with a novel 'suture bridge' technique. RESULTS 32 patients had the stoma formed to protect a distal anastomosis, 6 to palliate bowel obstruction, 1 to control faecal incontinence and another for colonic Crohn's disease. There were no incidences of paralytic ileus, mechanical obstruction, prolapse, retraction or bleeding after the loop ileostomies were formed. Thirty patients had their ileostomies closed. In 27 patients this was performed by excising the muco-cutaneous edge and anterior closure. Three patients had their stomas resected and an end-to-end bowel anastomoses. Following closure there were two complications in separate patients--self-limiting paralytic ileus and small bowel obstruction at the site of the stomal closure that required a second operation. There were no incidences of anastomotic leaks or bleeding in patients who had their ileostomy closed. No mortalities were attributed to either stoma formation or closure. CONCLUSION We have described a safe alternative technique for securing a loop ileostomy with negligible complications in construction and closure as demonstrated in our results.
Collapse
|
482
|
Ohri D, Bhargava A, Chatterjee A. Nuclear DNA amounts in 112 species of tropical hardwoods -- new estimates. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2004; 6:555-561. [PMID: 15375726 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The 4C DNA values of 112 species, belonging to 37 families have a range from 0.83 pg (Bixa orellana) to 15.54 pg (Thryallis angustifolia), showing a 18.72-fold variation. The genome size varies from 0.21 pg (Bixa orellana) to 3.32 (Thespesia populnea), with a 15.8-fold difference. The Bombacaceae has the minimum range (1.08-fold) of variation, while the maximum (5.0-fold) is shown by the Fabaceae. The Boraginaceae, Lauraceae, Malpighiaceae, and Malvaceae generally have higher 4C DNA values of > 10 pg, while the Bixaceae, Caricaceae, Oxalidaceae, and Santalaceae have lower values of < 2.0 pg. These data add further to our knowledge on variation in DNA amount in tropical hardwoods.
Collapse
|
483
|
Chowdhury I, Chien JT, Chatterjee A, Yu JYL. In vitro effects of mammalian leptin, neuropeptide-Y, β-endorphin and galanin on transcript levels of thyrotropin β and common α subunit mRNAs in the pituitary of bighead carp (aristichthys nobilis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 139:87-98. [PMID: 15364291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2003] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) is a member of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones, consisting of two dissimilar subunits, alpha and beta. The two subunits are produced by different genes and are regulated independently. We have previously cloned a TSHbeta cDNA from bighead carp pituitary and investigated its gene regulation. We report here the direct effects of mammalian TSH-releasing hormone (TRH), leptin, neuropeptide-Y (NPY), beta-endorphin and galanin on mRNA levels of both TSHbeta and alpha-subunits in the pituitary of bighead carp in vitro. The dispersed pituitary cells of bighead carp were incubated at 25 degrees C for 6 h with different doses of these factors. The relative mRNA levels of TSHbeta and alpha-subunits were estimated by traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and fluorescence real-time PCR analysis. The results revealed that mammalian TRH, leptin and beta-endorphin produced dose-dependent stimulatory effects on mRNA levels of both TSHbeta and alpha-subunits while thyroxine (T4) and mammalian galanin suppressed mRNA levels of both TSHbeta and alpha-subunits. NPY suppressed TSHbeta mRNA level, but stimulated alpha-subunit mRNA level. This study has demonstrated that mammalian TRH, leptin, NPY, beta-endorphin and galanin were active in modulating the steady-state mRNA levels of TSHbeta and alpha-subunits of bighead carp pituitary in vitro. The results suggest that endogenous TRH, leptin, NPY, beta-endorphin and galanin may modulate transcript levels of TSHbeta and alpha-subunits in pituitary of bighead carp.
Collapse
|
484
|
Ances BM, Ellenbogen JM, Herman ST, Jacobs D, Liebeskind DS, Chatterjee A, Galetta SL. Balint syndrome due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurology 2004; 63:395. [PMID: 15277651 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000130339.37477.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
485
|
Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee A, Munshi S. A new self-tuned PID-type fuzzy controller as a combination of two-term controllers. ISA TRANSACTIONS 2004; 43:413-426. [PMID: 15272796 DOI: 10.1016/s0019-0578(07)60158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present paper is a venture into the domain of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) -type adaptive fuzzy logic controllers (FLC's) and proposes a new algorithm which is realized by a self-tuned PI-type FLC (in velocity form) in parallel with a self-tuned PD-type FLC (in position form). Each of these PI/PD controllers implements a supervisory static FLC for adaptive online modification of the output scaling factor (SF) of a static PI/PD FLC. The proposed scheme is developed with a view to having a PID-type FLC with an architecture, simple enough for practical implementation, which at the same time has substantially satisfactory performance for a wide class of processes. Simulation studies on a range of processes reveal that the proposed controller has better performance compared to many of its existing counterparts.
Collapse
|
486
|
Chatterjee A, Jurewicz EC, Applegate LM, Louis ED. Personality in essential tremor: further evidence of non-motor manifestations of the disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:958-61. [PMID: 15201349 PMCID: PMC1739140 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.037176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether patients with essential tremor have distinct definable personality traits. METHODS A case-control study of patients with essential tremor was carried out to look for differences in personality characteristics. The controls were derived from the same source population. Using the tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ), personality traits were assessed in three dimensions: harm avoidance (HA), novelty seeking (NS), and reward dependence (RD). Additional analyses were conducted to address the possibility of selection bias among the patients with essential tremor. RESULTS There were 55 patients and 61 controls. There was a difference between patients and controls in HA subscale scores (p = 0.005) but not in NS or RD scores. The difference remained significant in analyses that adjusted for age, sex, race, and education (p = 0.005). HA subscale scores did not correlate with subjective or objective measures of disability or with indices of severity of tremor. CONCLUSIONS Patients with essential tremor scored higher on the harm avoidance subscale scores than control subjects. HA subscale scores did not correlate with the severity of tremor or with subjective and objective scales of disability, suggesting that the personality profile observed was not entirely related to functional disability caused by the tremor. Longitudinal studies of personality in essential tremor are needed to characterise the stability and evolution of these personality traits within the natural history of the disease process.
Collapse
|
487
|
Chatterjee A, Shen C, Ganguly A, Chen L, Hsu C, Hwang J, Chen K. Strong room-temperature UV emission of nanocrystalline ZnO films derived from a polymeric solution. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
488
|
Adhikari S, Sarkar B, Chatterjee A, Mahapatra CT, Ayyappan S. Effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on certain hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2004; 58:220-6. [PMID: 15157576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2002] [Revised: 09/30/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on hematological parameters and their complete recovery were studied in Labeo rohita as a function of exposure time. Exposure of Labeo rohita to sublethal levels of cypermethrin and carbofuran resulted in significantly (P<0.05) lower values for erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb), and hematocrit compared with the control group. In contrast, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in leukocyte count (TLC) in the pesticide-treated group. Mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) increased in response to both pesticides during the study. The rate of recovery or extrapolation time between Days 0 and 28 of the recovery period revealed that RBC completely recovered from cypermethrin toxicity on Days 80, 86.6, and 90 and TLC recovered on Days 60, 62.7, and 63.3 in fish exposed to 0.16, 0.40, and 0.80 microL/L cypermethrin, respectively. In the case of carbofuran toxicity, the complete recovery for RBC was on Days 100, 101.5, and 102, and for TLC, on Days 77, 77.6, and 79.3 in fish exposed to 0.06, 0.15, and 0.30 mg/L carbofuran, respectively. TLC recovered faster than RBC. RBC and TLC of fish exposed to carbofuran took more time to complete recovery than RBC and TLC in fish exposed to cypermethrin.
Collapse
|
489
|
Chatterjee A, Rakshit A, K. Ghoshal T. An add-on type fuzzy controller for control system retrofit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED AND INTELLIGENT ENGINEERING SYSTEMS 2004. [DOI: 10.3233/kes-2004-8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
490
|
Abstract
In Stanley Kubrick's movie Dr Strangelove, the main character is described as "erratic" and displays a bizarre movement disorder. His right hand seems to be driven by a will of its own, at times clutching his own throat and at other times raising into a Nazi salute. Dr Strangelove must try to restrain this wayward limb with his left hand. Bizarre as this fictional character is, a similar movement disorder can occur in neurologic disease. The complex phenomenon associated with this disorder falls under the rubric of alien hand syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by a limb that seems to perform meaningful acts without being guided by the intention of the patient. Patients find themselves unable to stop the alien limb from reaching and grabbing objects, and they may be unable to release these grasped objects without using their other hand to pry open their fingers. These patients frequently express astonishment and frustration at the errant limb. They experience it as being controlled by an external agent and often refer to it in the third person. This article outlines the origins of the terminology used in describing this syndrome, early observations, and studies regarding its functional neuroanatomy.
Collapse
|
491
|
Chatterjee A, Das D, Kohli P, Das R, Kohli V. Awareness of infective endocarditis prophylaxis and dental hygiene in cardiac patients after physician contact. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71:184. [PMID: 15053389 DOI: 10.1007/bf02723109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
492
|
Antonelli F, Belli M, Campa A, Chatterjee A, Dini V, Esposito G, Rydberg B, Simone G, Tabocchini MA. DNA fragmentation induced by Fe ions in human cells: shielding influence on spatially correlated damage. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 2004; 34:1353-7. [PMID: 15880923 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Outside the magnetic field of the Earth, high energy heavy ions constitute a relevant part of the biologically significant dose to astronauts during the very long travels through space. The typical pattern of energy deposition in the matter by heavy ions on the microscopic scale is believed to produce spatially correlated damage in the DNA which is critical for radiobiological effects. We have investigated the influence of a lucite shielding on the initial production of very small DNA fragments in human fibroblasts irradiated with 1 GeV/u iron (Fe) ions. We also used gamma rays as reference radiation. Our results show: (1) a lower effect per incident ion when the shielding is used; (2) an higher DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) induction by Fe ions than by gamma rays in the size range 1-23 kbp; (3) a non-random DNA DSB induction by Fe ions.
Collapse
|
493
|
Chatterjee A, Watanabe K. An adaptive fuzzy strategy for motion control of robot manipulators. Soft comput 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-003-0343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
494
|
Bhattacharya S, Banerjee R, Ghosh R, Biswas A, Chatterjee A. Identification of foot-and- mouth disease from a captive kangaroo in a zoological garden in India. Vet Rec 2003; 153:504-5. [PMID: 14601799 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.16.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
495
|
Chatterjee A, Bennur TH, Joshi NN. Truly catalytic and enantioselective pinacol coupling of aryl aldehydes mediated by chiral Ti(III) complexes. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5668-71. [PMID: 12839460 DOI: 10.1021/jo0342875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of chiral Ti(IV) complexes were reduced in situ with zinc in acetonitrile. The resulting chiral Ti(III) complexes were found to catalyze the pinacol coupling reaction stereoselectively. The best results were obtained from the Ti-SALEN complex, which was found to be an efficient catalyst at 10 mol % concentration. Various aromatic aldehydes were coupled to obtain chiral hydrobenzoin derivatives with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. A plausible mechanism is proposed that rationalizes the stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Collapse
|
496
|
Kumpawat K, Deb S, Ray S, Chatterjee A. Genotoxic effect of raw betel-nut extract in relation to endogenous glutathione levels and its mechanism of action in mammalian cells. Mutat Res 2003; 538:1-12. [PMID: 12834749 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(03)00048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mutagenic and carcinogenic potency of betel-nut components is well established. This study was undertaken to determine the genotoxic potency of an aqueous extract of raw betel nut (AEBN) in relation to the endogenous glutathione (GSH) level in mouse bone marrow cells (BMC) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and to find out whether arecoline (ARC), an alkaloid of betel nut, could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. It was observed that AEBN has genotoxic properties, which is further enhanced by depletion of endogenous GSH levels. However, the degree of enhancement varies with the type of parameter and cell system studied. The present data indicate that the generation of ROS by ARC could partially contribute to the induction of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), since the frequency of ARC-induced CAs was reduced either by post-treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) or in anoxic conditions. However, the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) probably involves p53-dependent changes in cell proliferation and allowing some repair of DNA damage. The extent of damage for each parameter was higher when the mice were exposed to AEBN for 30 days than 5 days. Longer exposure showed higher level of p53 expression in mouse BMC, which could block the damaged cells from proliferation and allow the cells to repair the DNA damage.
Collapse
|
497
|
Kumpawat K, Chatterjee A. The usefulness of cytogenetic parameters, level of p53 protein and endogenous glutathione as intermediate end-points in raw betel-nut genotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2003; 22:363-71. [PMID: 12929726 DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht361oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Betel-nut (BN) chewing related oral mucosal lesions are potential hazards to a large population worldwide. Genotoxicity of betel alkaloids, polyphenol and tannin fractions have been reported. It has been shown earlier that BN ingredients altered the level of endogenous glutathione (GSH) which could modulate the host susceptibility to the action of other chemical carcinogens. The north-east Indian variety of BN, locally known as 'kwai', is raw, wet and consumed unprocessed with betel-leaf and slaked lime and contains higher alkaloids, polyphenol and tannins as compared to the dried one. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of DNA damage, pattern of cell kinetics, the level of p53-protein and endogenous GSH in kwai chewers in the tribal population of Meghalaya state in the northeastern region of India with an aim to see whether these end-points could serve as biomarkers of genetic damage of relevance for genotoxic/carcinogenic process. The present data show higher DNA damage, delay in cell kinetics, p53 expression and lower GSH-level in heavy chewers (HC) than nonchewers (NC). The influence of bleomycin (BLM) on chromatid break induction in G2-phase of peripheral blood lymphocytes in NC and HC has been analysed to determine individual susceptibility to carcinogenic assaults. HC showed higher induction of chromatid breaks than NC. Risk assessment in this study suggests an interaction between carcinogen exposure and mutagen sensitivity measures, risk estimates being higher in those individuals who both consume kwai and express sensitivity to free radical oxygen damage in vitro. From this study it seems that besides cytogenetical parameters, the level of endogenous GSH and the level of p53 protein could act as effective biomarkers for kwai chewers.
Collapse
|
498
|
Abstract
It has been reported in recent years that the causative microorganisms, affected population, and clinical presentation of infective endocarditis have changed. We report on a 15-year-old boy with ventricular septal defect who was diagnosed with Streptococcus acidominimus endocarditis.
Collapse
|
499
|
Thacker M, Hui JHP, Wong HK, Chatterjee A, Lee EH. Spinal fusion and instrumentation for paediatric neuromuscular scoliosis: retrospective review. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2002; 10:144-51. [PMID: 12493926 DOI: 10.1177/230949900201000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A retrospective study was conducted to review the surgical results among 24 patients with neuromuscular scoliosis, who were treated with spinal instrumentation and fusion at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore between March 1993 and December 1998. METHODS We examined complete hospital records of patients who had scoliosis due to aetiologies such as spinal muscular atrophy, cerebral palsy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and congenital myopathies. The mean age of patients was 10.6 years (range, 6-14 years) and the mean follow-up duration was 5.5 years. RESULTS 18 patients had posterior surgery alone, whereas 4 had an anterior release with posterior instrumentation, and 2 had an anterior fusion with instrumentation. The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 2 days and the mean duration of hospital stay was 11 days. The mean correction in scoliosis angle ranged from 75.6 degrees to 25.7 degrees. All patients could at least sit without support postoperatively. The one-second forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity were, in general, maintained throughout the follow-up. There were 2 major complications and 2 minor ones; these were pseudarthrosis with rod breakage requiring revision, deep infection necessitating hardware removal, superficial infection that responded to antibiotics, and urinary tract infection requiring 3 weeks of antibiotic treatment. There were no deaths or any neurological complications after instrumentation. CONCLUSION Spinal stabilisation and fusion in children with neuromuscular scoliosis is a safe and effective treatment modality. The effect of surgery on long-term pulmonary function, however, remains controversial and needs to be addressed.
Collapse
|
500
|
Holley WR, Mian IS, Park SJ, Rydberg B, Chatterjee A. A model for interphase chromosomes and evaluation of radiation-induced aberrations. Radiat Res 2002; 158:568-80. [PMID: 12385634 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0568:amfica]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a theoretical model for evaluating radiation-induced chromosomal exchanges by explicitly taking into account interphase (G(0)/G(1)) chromosome structure, nuclear organization of chromosomes, the production of double-strand breaks (DSBs), and the subsequent rejoinings in a faithful or unfaithful manner. Each of the 46 chromosomes for human lymphocytes (40 chromosomes for mouse lymphocytes) is modeled as a random polymer inside a spherical volume. The chromosome spheres are packed randomly inside a spherical nucleus with an allowed overlap controlled by a parameter Omega. The rejoining of DSBs is determined by a Monte Carlo procedure using a Gaussian proximity function with an interaction range parameter sigma. Values of Omega and sigma have been found which yield calculated results of interchromosomal aberration frequencies that agree with a wide range of experimental data. Our preferred solution is one with an interaction range of 0.5 microm coupled with a relatively small overlap parameter of 0.675 microm, which more or less confirms previous estimates. We have used our model with these parameter values and with resolution or detectability limits to calculate yields of translocations and dicentrics for human lymphocytes exposed to low-LET radiation that agree with experiments in the dose range 0.09 to 4 Gy. Five different experimental data sets have been compared with the theoretical results. Essentially all of the experimental data fall between theoretical curves corresponding to resolution limits of 1 Mbp and 20 Mbp, which may reflect the fact that different investigators use different limits for sensitivity or detectability. Translocation yields for mouse lymphocytes have also been calculated and are in good agreement with experimental data from 1 cGy to 10 cGy. There is also good agreement with recent data on complex aberrations. Our model is expected to be applicable to both low- and high-LET radiation, and we include a sample prediction of the yield of interchromosomal rejoining in the dose range 0.22 Gy to 2 Gy of 1000 MeV/nucleon iron particles. This dose range corresponds to average particle traversals per nucleus ranging from 1.0 to 9.12.
Collapse
|