476
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Halpern MS, Wade E, Rucker E, Baxter-Gabbard KL, Levine AS, Friis RR. A study of the relationship of reticuloendotheliosis virus to the avian leukosis-sarcoma complex of viruses. Virology 1973; 53:287-99. [PMID: 4351341 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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477
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Levine AS. Interdisciplinary session report. Germ-free biology and the patient with malignant disease: clinical and preclinical studies. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY REPORTS. PART 3 1973; 4:61-71. [PMID: 4748874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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478
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Henry PH, Schnipper LE, Samaha RJ, Crumpacker CS, Lewis AM, Levine AS. Studies of nondefective adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. VI. Characterization of the DNA from five nondefective hybrid viruses. J Virol 1973; 11:665-71. [PMID: 4350711 PMCID: PMC355162 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.11.5.665-671.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain biophysical characteristics of the DNA from each of the five nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid viruses (Ad2(+)ND(1), Ad2(+)ND(2), Ad2(+)ND(3), Ad2(+)ND(4), Ad2(+)ND(5)) have been determined. The guanine plus cytosine content varied from 55 to 57% and was not significantly different from that of nonhybrid Ad2 (56%), and the hybrid DNA molecules had mean molecular lengths which were similar to that of the standard, Ad2. The Ad2 and SV40 components of each hybrid were linked by alkali-resistant, presumably covalent bonds. The percentage of SV40 DNA in each hybrid virus was determined by hybridization with SV40 complementary RNA in a calibrated system. The results indicate that each hybrid virus DNA contains a different percentage of SV40 nucleotide sequences. The estimated size of the SV40 DNA component varies from 48,000 daltons for Ad2(+)ND(3) to 840,000 daltons for Ad2(+)ND(4), the latter being equivalent to between one-fourth and one-third of the SV40 genome.
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479
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Lewis AM, Levine AS, Crumpacker CS, Levin MJ, Samaha RJ, Henry PH. Studies of nondefective adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. V. Isolation of additional hybrids which differ in their simian virus 40-specific biological properties. J Virol 1973; 11:655-64. [PMID: 4350710 PMCID: PMC355161 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.11.5.655-664.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid viruses have been isolated. Although these viruses (designated Ad2(+)ND(2), Ad2(+)ND(3), Ad2(+)ND(4), and Ad2(+)ND(5)) were clonal derivatives of the same Ad2-SV40 hybrid population, they differ significantly from each other and from the previously isolated nondefective hybrid, Ad2(+)ND(1), in their biological properties or in the amount of SV40-specific RNA induced during lytic infection.Like Ad2(+)ND(1), Ad2(+)ND(2), and Ad2(+)ND(4) pass serially in both human embryonic kidney (HEK) and primary African green monkey kidney cells. In contrast, Ad2(+)ND(3) and Ad2(+)ND(5) pass serially only in HEK cells. Ad2(+)ND(2) is like Ad2(+)ND(1) in that it induces the SV40 U antigen, but not SV40 T antigen; however, in contrast to the perinuclear SV40 antigen induced by Ad2(+)ND(1), the SV40 antigen induced by Ad2(+)ND(2) is located peripherally in the cytoplasm as well as in the perinuclear region of infected cells. Ad2(+)ND(4) induces both the SV40 T and U antigens. Ad2(+)ND(3) and Ad2(+)ND(5) do not induce serologically detectable SV40 antigens and are distinguished from each other on the basis of the relative quantities of SV40-specific RNA which they induce. The induction of different SV40-specific functions suggests the incorporation of different segments of SV40 DNA within the genomes of the respective hybrid viruses.
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480
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Levine AS, Levin MJ, Oxman MN, Lewis AM. Studies of nondefective adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. VII. Characterization of the simian virus 40 RNA species induced by five nondefective hybrid viruses. J Virol 1973; 11:672-81. [PMID: 4350712 PMCID: PMC355163 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.11.5.672-681.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Five nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid viruses have been isolated and found to contain segments of SV40 DNA covalently linked to Ad2 DNA. The quantity of SV40 DNA present is a stable characteristic of each hybrid virus, and varies from less than 5% (in Ad2(+)ND(3)) to more than 30% (in Ad2(+)ND(4)) of the SV40 genome. We have characterized the SV40 portions of these hybrids by relating the SV40-specific RNA sequences transcribed in cells infected with each hybrid virus to those transcribed in cells infected with each of the other hybrid viruses and with SV40 itself. RNA-DNA hybridization-competition experiments indicate that the number of unique SV40 RNA sequences transcribed in infected cells is proportional to the size of the SV40 DNA segment contained within each hybrid and, in the case of the three hybrids which induce detectable SV40-specific antigens, to the number of SV40 antigens induced. Furthermore, the SV40-specific RNA sequences transcribed from any one of the hybrids are completely represented in the RNA transcribed from all other hybrids with longer SV40 segments. Thus, the SV40 DNA regions in the five hybrid viruses appear to contain some nucleotide sequences in common. The SV40-specific RNA transcribed from Ad2(+)ND(4), the hybrid containing the largest SV40 segment, is qualitatively similar to the SV40-specific RNA transcribed early (i.e., prior to viral DNA replication) in SV40 lytic infection. Thus, it appears that no significant amount of late SV40 DNA is transcribed during infection by any of the five nondefective Ad2-SV40 hybrid viruses.
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481
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Levine AS, Siegel SE, Schreiber AD, Hauser J, Preisler H, Goldstein IM, Seidler F, Simon R, Perry S, Bennett JE, Henderson ES. Protected environments and prophylactic antibiotics. A prospective controlled study of their utility in the therapy of acute leukemia. N Engl J Med 1973; 288:477-83. [PMID: 4630706 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197303082881001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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482
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Baxter-Gabbard KL, Peterson DA, Levine AS, Meyers P, Sigel MM. Reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T). VI. An immunogen versus reticuloendotheliosis and Rous sarcoma. Avian Dis 1973; 17:145-50. [PMID: 4348952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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483
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Siegel SE, Levine AS. Virus-specific nucleic acids in simian virus 40-transformed hamster cell clones varying in oncogenic potential. J Natl Cancer Inst 1972; 49:1667-73. [PMID: 4346019 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/49.6.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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484
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Henson D, Siegel SE, Fuccillo DA, Matthew E, Levine AS. Cytomegalovirus infections during acute childhood leukemia. J Infect Dis 1972; 126:469-81. [PMID: 4351974 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/126.5.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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485
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Patch CT, Lewis AM, Levine AS. Evidence for a transcription-control region of Simian virus 40 in the adenovirus 2--Simian virus 40 hybrid, Ad2+ND 1 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:3375-9. [PMID: 4343969 PMCID: PMC389774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.11.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The complementary DNA strands of the nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid virus, Ad2(+)ND(1), were separated by isopycnic banding in a CsCl density gradient in the presence of synthetic polyribonucleotides. Separated strands were used in DNA-RNA hybridization reactions with RNA from cells productively infected by Ad2 or SV40, and with complementary SV40 RNA transcribed asymmetrically in vitro. About five times as much Ad2 RNA hybridized to the light stand of Ad2(+)ND(1) as to the heavy strand. Complementary RNA and early SV40 RNA (RNA synthesized before viral DNA replication) had significant homology only with the light strand. Only half as much of a preparation of RNA synthesized before and after viral DNA replication (early-plus-late SV40 RNA) hybridized to the light strand as to the heavy strand. These results indicate that templates for both late and early SV40 RNA are present in Ad2(+)ND(1). Therefore, the small SV40 segment within this virus (10-18% of the SV40 genome) must contain a transcription-control region. Ad2(+)ND(1) should thus be useful in the selective study of transcription as it occurs in cells infected by the oncogenic virus SV40.
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486
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Balcavage WX, Baxter-Gabbard KL, Ko M, Rea M, Padgett F, Levine AS. Mitochondrial alterations associated with avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T) pathogenicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 48:605-11. [PMID: 5047690 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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487
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Levine AS, Graw RG, Young RC. Management of infections in patients with leukemia and lymphoma: current concepts and experimental approaches. Semin Hematol 1972; 9:141-79. [PMID: 4337290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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488
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Levine AS, Oxman MN, Eliot HM, Henry PH. New species of rapidly hybridizing RNA in contact-inhibited as well as transformed hamster cell lines. Cancer Res 1972; 32:506-10. [PMID: 4334411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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489
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Peterson DA, Baxter-Gabbard KL, Levine AS. Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T): V. DNA polymerase. Virology 1972; 47:251-4. [PMID: 4333573 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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490
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Roth JA, Siegel SE, Levine AS, Berard CW. Fatal recurrent toxoplasmosis in a patient initially infected via a leukocyte transfusion. Am J Clin Pathol 1971; 56:601-5. [PMID: 5287645 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/56.5.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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491
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Campbell WF, Baxter-Gabbard KL, Levine AS. Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T). I. Virological characterization. Avian Dis 1971; 15:837-49. [PMID: 4334076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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492
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Padgett F, Baxter-Gabbard KL, Raitano-Fenton A, Levine AS. Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T). 3. Ultrastructure studies. Avian Dis 1971; 15:863-73. [PMID: 4110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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493
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Peterson DA, Levine AS. Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (strain T). IV. Infectivity and transmissibility in day-old cockerels. Avian Dis 1971; 15:874-83. [PMID: 4334078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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494
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Oxman MN, Levine AS, Crumpacker CS, Levin MJ, Henry PH, Lewis AM. Studies of nondefective adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. IV. Characterization of the simian virus 40 ribonucleic acid species induced by wild-type simian virus 40 and by the nondefective hybrid virus, Ad2 + ND 1 . J Virol 1971; 8:215-24. [PMID: 4329969 PMCID: PMC356233 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.2.215-224.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ad2(+)ND(1), a nondefective adenovirus 2 (Ad2)-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid virus, has been previously shown to contain a small segment of the SV40 genome covalently linked to Ad2 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The SV40 portion of this hybrid virus has been characterized by relating the SV40-specific ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequences transcribed from the Ad2(+)ND(1) DNA to those transcribed from the DNA of SV40 itself. RNA-DNA hybridization-competition studies indicate that the SV40 component of Ad2(+)ND(1) consists of some, but not all, of that part of the SV40 genome which is transcribed early, i.e., prior to viral DNA replication, in SV40 lytic infection.
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495
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Siegel SE, Lunde MN, Gelderman AH, Halterman RH, Brown JA, Levine AS, Graw RG. Transmission of toxoplasmosis by leukocyte transfusion. Blood 1971; 37:388-94. [PMID: 4927414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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496
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Levine AS, Oxman MN, Henry PH, Levin MJ, Diamandopoulos GT, Enders JF. Virus-specific deoxyribonucleic acid in simian virus 40-exposed hamster cells: correlation with S and T antigens. J Virol 1970; 6:199-207. [PMID: 4322872 PMCID: PMC376109 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.6.2.199-207.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several homologous hamster embryonic cell lines, transformed in association with simian virus (SV) 40 infection, were examined for the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complementary to SV40 ribonucleic acid (RNA) made in vitro. The methods employed permitted the detection of 10(-5) mug of viral DNA in 100 mug of cellular DNA, corresponding to one-fifth of an SV40 DNA molecule per cell. Those lines which contained both the SV40 surface (S) and tumor (T) antigens also contained DNA complementary to SV40 RNA synthesized in vitro. In contrast, neither of two lines which contained S, but not T, antigen contained detectable DNA complementary to SV40 RNA. These findings suggest that the production of S antigen does not depend upon the persistence of SV40 DNA in transformed cells.
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497
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498
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Petersen BH, Brahmi Z, Ingraham JS, Levine AS. Plaques of hemagglutination inhibition by individual spleen cells from rabbits immunized with influenza viruses. J Virol 1969; 3:629-30. [PMID: 5798246 PMCID: PMC375823 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.3.6.629-630.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spleen cells from rabbits immunized with influenza virus cause inhibition of agglutination or hemolysis or both in a plaque assay test against virus-treated avian RBC.
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499
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Levin MJ, Oxman MN, Diamandopoulos GT, Levine AS, Henry PH, Enders JF. Virus-specific nucleic acids in SV40-exposed hamster embryo cell lines: correlation with S and T antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 62:589-96. [PMID: 4307716 PMCID: PMC277849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.62.2.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of homologous SV40-exposed hamster embryonic cell lines were examined for the presence of RNA complementary to SV40 DNA. Only those lines containing the SV40 T antigen were found to have such virus-specific RNA. In lines containing the SV40 S antigen, but not the SV40 T antigen, virus-specific RNA was not detected. These findings suggest that the S antigen is not coded for directly by the SV40 genome.
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500
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Levine AS, Sharp HL, Mitchell J, Krivit W, Nesbit ME. Combination therapy with 6-mercaptopurine (NSC-755) and allopurinol (NSC-1390) during induction and maintenance of remission of acute leukemia in children. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY REPORTS 1969; 53:53-7. [PMID: 5772655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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