[Importance of hormones and free fatty acids in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolic disorders in myocardial infarct]

The increase in the content of the somatotropic hormone and cortisol in blood plasma as well as the increase in the content of free fatty acids in serum in the acute period of myocardial infarction are more marked in patients with impaired tolerance than in those with normal tolerance. The authors believe that free fatty acids are of utmost importance among the factors causing the development of insulin resistance in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Their increased concentration is due to hypersecretion of catecholamines, somatotropic hormone, and cortisole.

[Clinical experience in 80 patients with intramedullary trochanteric nailing]

Report on the clinical experience in 80 patients with the intramedullary trochanteric nailfixation according to KUNTSCHER of pertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric femur fractures. This procedure in our opinion enlarges the operative methods for treatment of fractures of the trochanteric region in elderly patients with a high operative risk.

Monoclonal antibodies as probes for differentiation and tumor-associated antigens: a Forssman specificity on teratocarcinoma stem cells

A set of monoclonal antibodies derived by fusing P3-NS1/1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from a rat immunized with mouse spleen were screened for activity against a tumor cell panel. One of these antibodies was found to react only with mouse embryonal carcinoma cells and no other tumor cell type tested, including differentiated derivatives of teratocarcinomas. In the adult mouse, this antigen is expressed by subpopulations of cells in the spleen, bone marrow, lymph node, brain, kidney and testes, although not in liver and thymus. This antigen has a species and tissue distribution consistent with that of Forssman antigen. The molecules which carry this specificity on the embryonal carcinoma cells appear to be glycolipids.

Production of monoclonal antibodies to group A erythrocytes, HLA and other human cell surface antigens-new tools for genetic analysis

Antibody-secreting hybrid cells have been derived from a fusion between mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from a mouse immunized with membrane from human tonsil lymphocyte preparations. Hybrids secreting antibodies to cell surface antigens were detected by assaying culture supernatants for antibody binding to human tonsil cells. Six different antibodies (called W6/1, /28, /32, /34, /45 and /46 were analyzed. These were either against antigens of wide tissue distribution (W6/32, /34, and /46) or mainly on erythrocytes (W6/1 and W6/28). One of the anti-erythrocyte antibodies (W6/1) detected a polymorphic antigen, since blood group A1 and A2 erythrocytes were labeled while B and O were not. Antibodies W6/34, /45 and /46 were all against antigens which were mapped to the short arm of chromosome 11 by segregation analysis of mouse-human hybrids. Immunoprecipitation studies suggest that W6/45 antigen may be a protein of 16,000 dalton, apparent molecular weight, while W6/34 and /46 antigens could not be detected by this technique. Antibody W6/32 is against a determinant common to most, if not all, of the 43,000 dalton molecular weight chains of HLA-A, B and C antigens. This was established by somatic cell genetic techniques and by immunoprecipitation analysis. Tonsil leucocytes bound 370,000 W6/32 antibody molecules per cell at saturation. The hybrid myelomas W6/32 and W6/34 have been cloned, and both secrete an IgG2 antibody. W6/32 cells were grown in mice, and the serum of the tumor-bearing animals contained greater than 10 mg/ml of monoclonal antibody. The experiments established the usefulness of the bybrid myeloma technique in preparing monospecific antibodies against human cell surface antigens. In particular, this study highlights the possibilities not only of obtaining reagents for somatic cell genetics, but also of obtaining mouse antibodies detecting human antigenic polymorphisms.

A myeloma hybrid producing antibody specific for an allotypic determinant on "IgD-like" molecules of the mouse

A hybrid cell line was produced by fusing a mouse myeloma line with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with B10 cells. The hybrid line grew in tissue culture and in syngeneic mice and produced IgM antibody specific for "IgD-like" molecules of mice with the Igb haplotype. The concentration of monoclonal antibody in the serum of tumor-bearing animals reached about 2 mg/ml and gave cytotoxic titers of up to 1:800 000. The derivation of the line, some properties of the antibody secreted and the nature of its antigenic target are described.

Chemical properties of two antigens controlled by the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken

The chemistry of antigens controlled by the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken has been investigated. Peripheral blood leukocytes of five chicken strains were radioactively labeled by incorporation of tritiated amino acids, enzymatic iodination, or mild periodate oxidation followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride. Membrane-bound antigens were solubilized with Nonidet P-40 and purified by a two-step immunoprecipitation procedure. The resulting immunoprecipitates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing or nonreducing conditions. The chicken major histocompatibility antigens (B antigens) are composed of polypeptide chains with molecular weights (in the reduced form) of 40,000 to 43,000 and 11,000 to 12,000, as deduced from their mobilities in internally calibrated gels. The larger chains, when isolated from different chicken strains, can have slightly different mobilities in such gels; thus the mobilities of the large polypeptides from strains WA and WB correspond to molecular weights of 40,000 and 43,000, respectively. Gels run under nonreducing conditions give similar results; in particular no dimers or oligomers of the larger chains are detectable, thus ruling out an immunoglobulin-like structure for the B antigens. The large chains are labeled by the periodate oxidation-reduction procedure, suggesting that they are glycoproteins (probably containing sialic acid), while the small polypeptides cannot be labeled by this method. An additional protein or proteins of apparent molecular weight about 30,000 could be precipitated from 3H-amino-acid-labeled leukocyte lysates by one particular anti-B serum. This protein(s), named B-L, differs from the B major histocompatibility antigens in that it is not associated with the small chain of molecular weight 11,000 to 12,000 and does not occur on erythrocytes. Thus, at least two protein chains are coded for (or have their synthesis controlled by) genes in the chicken major histocompatibility complex.