526
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Tobin MJ, Cohn MA, Sackner MA. Breathing abnormalities during sleep. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1983; 143:1221-8. [PMID: 6344828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this communication is to review obstructive and central breathing abnormalities that may occur during sleep, such as obstructive sleep apnea, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Emphasis is placed on noninvasive monitoring of the breathing pattern and intrapleural pressure swings by respiratory and surface inductive plethysmography, respectively, which establish the diagnosis of these abnormal breathing patterns.
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527
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Hubert P, Mselati JC, Chassevent J, Cloup M. [Therapy of severe asthma crisis in children. Therapeutic course. A propos of 40 cases]. ARCHIVES FRANCAISES DE PEDIATRIE 1983; 40:461-4. [PMID: 6414434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Forty children with severe asthma were admitted to an intensive care unit from 1970 to 1981. Criteria of severity were alteration of consciousness, circulatory failure, hypercarbia greater than 7 KPa and paradoxical pulse greater than 35 mmHg persisting in spite of correct treatment. Some therapeutic measures (oxygen, corticosteroids, antibiotics, hydratation) were not modified during this period. On the contrary, bronchodilators, used at a higher dose since June 1980, were very effective on bronchospasm without side effects, making controlled ventilation unnecessary. These results seem to be very encouraging but have to be confirmed.
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528
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Grosse-Heitmeyer W, Bramann HU, Görtz P, Mönninghoff W, St Müller U, Most E. [How dangerous is the dipyridamole test?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KARDIOLOGIE 1983; 72:340-5. [PMID: 6193653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In 203 patients with clinical symptoms of coronary artery disease, cardiac and extracardiac side effects of the dipyridamole test were investigated. Following dipyridamole (0.75 mg/kg body wt. i.v.), heart rate increased significantly, whereas arterial blood pressure remained almost constant. Dyspnea was noted in 80 cases (40.5%). In 48 patients (23.6%) rhythm disturbances were recorded; 58.1% suffered from extracardiac side effects such as congestion in the head, vertigo, heaviness of arms and legs, sensations of heat, upper abdominal pain, and nausea. A detailed report is given of 4 cases with extraordinary symptoms during or after the injection of dipyridamole. A life-threatening status anginosus with dyspnea, ST-segment elevation, and cardiac arrhythmia was observed in one of these cases. High-dose dipyridamole cannot be considered to be harmless. The test should not be performed without continuous ECG monitoring and other safety measures.
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529
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Orlowski JP. Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1983; 1:3-25. [PMID: 6097436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation refers to those measures used to restore ventilation and circulation in children. This article defines how cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infants, children, and adolescents differs from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults and delineates the drugs and dosages to be used in the resuscitation of pediatric patients.
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530
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Zychowicz C. [Therapeutic and preventive procedures in bronchial asthma in children]. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1983; 36:449-54. [PMID: 6868599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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531
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Calandre EP, Perez de la Cruz AJ, Morales AM, Alférez NP, Moreno E, Mata GV. Monitoring aminophylline therapy using Jusko's dosage guidelines. Intensive Care Med 1983; 9:79-81. [PMID: 6853832 DOI: 10.1007/bf01699261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with aminophylline, according to the nomogram published by Jusko and coworkers, was monitored in 13 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of COPD. After 24 h of therapy, the clinical state, the pO2 and the pCO2 values were markedly improved. Theophylline plasma concentrations were maintained within the therapeutic range. A slight but noticeable increase of drug serum levels during therapy could be related to changes in the arterial pH; the implications of this finding are discussed.
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532
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Sokolova TS, Iurkov IA, Bakanov MI, Reznik IB, Zakhidov IV. [Mediator disorders in atopic bronchial asthma in children, and problems of therapy]. PEDIATRIIA 1983:11-13. [PMID: 6306546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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533
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534
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Stratton MA. Theophylline-erythromycin base interaction: case report and kinetic profile. CLINICAL PHARMACY 1983; 2:183-6. [PMID: 6883949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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535
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Shohat B, Shapira Z, Joshua H, Servadio C. Lack of suppressor T cells in renal transplant recipients and activation by aminophylline. THYMUS 1983; 5:67-77. [PMID: 6222520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory T-cell subsets were determined in 16 patients after renal transplantation. Suppressor and helper T lymphocytes were isolated with the aid of theophylline according to the method described by Shore et al. [1]. The system model used for assessing the function of these subsets was the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Lack of suppressor T cells was found in 6 out of the 16 patients, all 6 in acute steroid nonresponsive rejection crisis. Four of these patients received aminophylline per os at a dose of 1000 mg/kg per day and the T-lymphocyte subsets were retested several days afterwards. Active suppressor T cells (TS) appeared in all 4 treated patients, paralleled by disappearance of rejection crisis and a dramatic decrease of serum creatinine levels. These findings suggest that the inactivation of the immunoregulatory suppressor subset, probably by the immunosuppressive treatment, may play an important role in acute rejection and that activation of this subset of T suppressors could be of beneficial effect and prevent renal rejection.
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536
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Kaukel E, Koppermann G. [Serum theophylline steady-state levels: comparative study of 2 retard preparations]. PRAXIS UND KLINIK DER PNEUMOLOGIE 1983; 37:109-12. [PMID: 6856560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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537
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Houst'ková H, Zeman J, Márová E, Rubín A. [Experience with measuring the level of serum theophylline in infants and toddlers]. CESKOSLOVENSKA PEDIATRIE 1983; 38:149-51. [PMID: 6850904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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538
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Koup JR, Vawter TK. Theophylline pharmacokinetics in an extremely obese patient. CLINICAL PHARMACY 1983; 2:181-3. [PMID: 6883948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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539
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Isles AF. Controversies in the pharmacotherapy of childhood asthma. PROGRESS IN CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1983; 135:251-265. [PMID: 6141571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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540
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Pielesch W, Kirsten D, Riedel E, Liebetrau G. [Obstruction parameters and pulmonary artery pressure in asthmatics after administration of aminophylline]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE INNERE MEDIZIN UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 1983; 38:29-31. [PMID: 6845776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In 30 asthmatics after the application of aminophylline the measurement of the pressure of the pulmonary arteries as well as of the parameters of the respiratory function FEV1.0 and Rt was performed. It is proved a significant decrease of pressure in the lesser circulatory system. The reduction of the bronchial obstruction cannot be proved by means of the respiratory impulse test (FEV1.0), but by the determination of the resistance to respiration (Rt).
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541
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Kurz R, Schneeweiss S, Haidmayer R, Kenner T, Pfeiffer KP. [Early diagnosis of central respiratory disorders in infants to avoid postoperative complications]. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 1983; 195:29-32. [PMID: 6834735 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1034036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Infants with a higher incidence of frequent and prolonged apneas during sleep (sleep apnea syndrome) as a consequence of a delayed maturation of respiratory control, have an increased risk for respiratory problems after anesthesia. In 12 babies (one to five months old) showing visible apneas with cyanosis up to 12 hours after herniotomies, the respiratory pattern was examined by impedance pneumography during spontaneous sleep. The mean apnea duration (M.A. value) amounted to 8,6 +/- 5,96 sec/min, whereas the M.A. value of a comparable control group was significantly lower (2,97 +/- 2,13 sec/min) Aminophylline prophylaxis of risk infants diminished significantly the frequency of postoperative respiratory complications.
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542
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Varsos VG, Liszczak TM, Han DH, Kistler JP, Vielma J, Black PM, Heros RC, Zervas NT. Delayed cerebral vasospasm is not reversible by aminophylline, nifedipine, or papaverine in a "two-hemorrhage" canine model. J Neurosurg 1983; 58:11-7. [PMID: 6847896 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1983.58.1.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Angiographic spasm of cerebral arteries was produced in dogs by successive injections of cisternal blood 48 hours apart. Angiograms were taken before and after each cisternal injection. There was progressively greater angiographic vasospasm of the basilar artery. Intravenous aminophylline, 10 mg/kg/hr, reversed vessel constriction on the 1st and 3rd day after one injection of cisternal blood. On the 5th day after two blood injections (on Day 1 and Day 3), intravenous aminophylline, nifedipine (1 mg/kg), and intra-arterial bolus injection of 2 mg/kg papaverine failed to reverse the constriction. The intractable constriction produced in this model resembles that found in patients. The calcium antagonist, nifedipine, is as ineffective as the more traditional vasodilators in reversing vasospasm in this model.
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543
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Abstract
Immunological disorders are clearly demonstrated in children suffering from the atopic form of bronchial asthma, namely increase in the levels of total and specific IgE and a decrease in the number of T cells. Specific hyposensitization produces, in addition to a good clinical effect, an immunomodulating action which is not restricted to the formation of blocking antibodies but is displayed also by T cell stimulation. Our studies revealed a reduction in the level of prostaglandins E and increase in the content of prostaglandins F-2 as well as a decrease in the cAMP levels in blood serum and urine in the period free of attacks; the demonstrated effect of Euphylline, Intal and Zaditen on these values confirms the expediency of introducing these agents into the therapeutic complex.
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544
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Milani L, Merkel C, Gatta A. Renal effects of aminophylline in hepatic cirrhosis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1983; 24:757-60. [PMID: 6884412 DOI: 10.1007/bf00607083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In 18 cirrhotics with impaired renal perfusion intravenous injection of aminophylline 3 mg/kg b.w. increased mean renal blood flow (133-Xenon washout) from 1.77 +/- 0.71 to 1.99 +/- 0.44 ml/g/min (p less than 0.01). No significant change in cardiac output was found. In a further 10 cirrhotic patients the administration of aminophylline 3 mg/kg decreased the mean tubular reabsorption of sodium in the proximal section of the nephron (distal delivery) from 10.5 +/- 6.2 to 16.3 +/- 16.5 (p less than 0.01). Free-water production increased as a consequence of the increased supply of sodium to the diluting segment. Thus, aminophylline acts favourably on the functional renal impairment that occurs in hepatic cirrhosis.
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545
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Mogoş G, Bartoş D. [Prevention of status asthmaticus]. REVISTA DE MEDICINA INTERNA, NEUROLOGE, PSIHIATRIE, NEUROCHIRURGIE, DERMATO-VENEROLOGIE. MEDICINA INTERNA 1983; 35:27-30. [PMID: 6137043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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546
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Fox RW, Samaan SS, Lockey RF, Bukantz SC. Study of oxtriphylline SA in 50 asthmatics. J Asthma 1983; 20:177-81. [PMID: 6345499 DOI: 10.3109/02770908309114941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fifty clinically stable patients with asthma on maintenance theophylline therapy, mean dose of 15 mg kg-1 per day, were switched to an equivalent dose (X 1.56) of oxtriphylline SA for seven doses. All subjects remained clinically stable after the change during the study period. Oxtriphylline SA appears to be useful for the maintenance treatment of asthma and can be safely substituted for other theophylline maintenance regimens.
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547
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Adamenko RI. [Effect of euphylline on cerebral hemodynamics (a review of the literature)]. VRACHEBNOE DELO 1982:21-26. [PMID: 6760549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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548
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Bauer P, Windorfer A, Alterthum K, Müller G. [Serum theophylline levels in aminophyllin treatment in children]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1982; 107:1384-7. [PMID: 7117150 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1070134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Long-term treatment of childhood asthma with theophylline or theophylline ethylenediamine (Aminophyllin) preparations requires dosage according to the various age groups. In order to achieve therapeutically satisfactory concentrations, estimations of theophylline levels in serum showed that in cases of good correlation between Aminophyllin dosage and theophylline levels smaller children required higher Aminophyllin doses than big children or adults. The therapeutic range of theophylline is around 7 to 15 mg/l beyond the newborn age. In order to obtain these concentrations children from the 1st to the 4th year require Aminophyllin doses of 6 mg/kg t.i.d., children between 5 and 12 years 5.5 mg/kg t.i.d. and adults beyond the 50th year of life 3 to 3.5 mg/kg t.i.d. Generally the first dose should be higher and is 6-7 mg/kg or 6-6.5 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg, respectively. Regular estimations of serum theophylline levels greatly help to improve safety of long-term treatment.
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549
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Martin TG, Elenbaas RM, Pingleton SH. Failure of peak expiratory flow rate to predict hospital admission in acute asthma. Ann Emerg Med 1982; 11:466-70. [PMID: 7114591 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(82)80063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Our study evaluated the ability of early peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) to be predictive of hospital admission while double blinding the measurements and using a standardized treatment protocol and specific admission criteria. The measurements were recorded prior to and after initial therapy. Eighty-six acute asthmatic episodes in 51 patients were analyzed. Nine (10.5%) of the episodes resulted in hospitalization; 77 (89.5%) resulted in discharge. No correlation with admission was found for the initial PEFR, a second PEFR following treatment, or the differences between these two values. Our study indicates that early PEFRs alone are not useful predictors of the need for hospital admission. Although a significant number of patients in our study population presented with severe airflow obstruction, they responded sufficiently to treatment to permit discharge.
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550
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