Management of traumatic retinal detachment with pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckling, and gas injection

Vitreous involvement as a result of penetrating trauma complicates and worsens the prognosis in retinal detachment repair. Seven patients in whom poor visualization of the fundus seemed to preclude success by routine procedures underwent combined vitrectomy, scleral buckling, release of subretinal fluid, and intravitreal gas injection. The retina was successfully reattached in five of the seven patients, although postoperative visual acuity was limited - possible on account of the duration of retinal detachment prior to repair or because of the degree of macular involvement.

The vitrophage in ocular trauma. Report of 15 cases

Fifteen patients underwent a pars plana approach vitrectomy and membranectomy after acute and chronic injury. In all cases the lens fragments, hemorrhage, and secondary membranes were removed restoring clarity to the ocular media. In two cases the final visual acuity was limited by preexisting retinal injury. The advantages of pars plana approach are the small incision and minimal ocular manipulation during surgery. In the presence of retinal injury, diathermy during the procedure or photocoagulation within 24 hours is also indicated.

Cerebral effects of circulatory arrest at 20 degrees c in the infant pig

Circulatory arrest at 20° C is used during open heart surgery in infants. It has been stated that significant brain damage does not occur.

Piglets between two and six weeks of age were cooled to 20° C using extracorporeal circulation and a membrane oxygenator. After one hour of circulatory arrest the perfusion system was used to rewarm the animals and restore normal circulation. Electroencephalogram was monitored throughout perfusion and surgery, and repeated on surviving animals on the third, fifth, seventh and tenth postoperative days. On the tenth day the animals were killed by injection of pentobarbitone. Other groups were subjected to

Continuous perfusion at 20° C,

Continuous perfusion at 37° C,

Thoracotomy and cannulation,

Ischaemia, and

Hypoxia. The return of E.E.G. activity was delayed after circulatory arrest compared with those continuously perfused. Lesions were found in the cerebral cortex in all the animals which had circulatory arrest and those subjected to ischaemia and hypoxia. The brains of animals of the other groups were indistinguishable from those killed without any experimental procedure.

Despite apparent recovery, brain damage following hypothermic arrest during open heart surgery remains possible.

Controlled trial of dipotassium clorazepate ("Tranxene") in anxiety

Dipotassium clorazepate is a new benzodiazepine derivative with pharmacological and clinical properties resembling diazepam. This report concerns a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover comparison of clorazepate and diazepam which was carried out simultaneously at four centres in the United Kingdom.

Lateral eye movement: elusive personality correlates and moderate stability estimates

After being asked a reflective question, S usually makes a lateral eye movement, right or left, before answering. Two studies, one of children and one of adults, examined: (a) personality correlates of eye movement and (b) reliability of eye movement both within and across sessions. Reliability estimates were high within a single session and moderate between briefly separated sessions for both children and adults. The failure to replicate previous findings regarding personality characteristics of right- and left-movers was attributed to the low reliability of personality measures.