1151
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Lee CH, Liew SK, Fleming A, Lam-Po-Tang PR, Rozenberg MC. The association of haemopoietic dysplasia (pre-leukaemia) and abnormal cell clone with connective tissue disease. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1979; 9:177-80. [PMID: 287461 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1979.tb04324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A 68-year-old man with haemotological features consistent with haemopoietic dysplasia (pre-leukaemia) and an abnormal cell clone in the marrow, 46, XY, -18, +t(13;18) (q11;123), developed acute connective tissue disease characterised by vasculitis, dermal changes, marked muscular weakness and serological features suggesting an auto-immune disturbance. Although four other cases of haemopoietic dysplasia ("pre-leukaemia") with unusual connective tissue disease had been reported since the recognition of haemopoietic dysplasia as a distinct entity, a definite association between these two disease states still awaits confirmation by further reports and investigations.
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1152
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Lee CH, Evans SP, Rozenberg MC, Bagnara AS, Ziegler JB, Van der Weyden MB. In vitro platelet abnormality in adenosine deaminase deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency. Blood 1979; 53:465-71. [PMID: 216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelets of an infant with severe combined immune deficiency and adenosine deaminase deficiency showed markedly diminished responses to ADP-induced aggregation in vitro. This abnormality was corrected by the addition of purified adenosine deaminase in vitro. Exogenous adenosine added to platelet-rich plasma caused markedly prolonged inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation. This was shown by isotopic studies to be due to slow clearance of adenosine and hence persistence of this nucleoside. Direct assay for adenosine deaminiase in plasma and platelet lysates of the patient confirmed the very low activity of this enzyme. Raised cAMP levels were demonstrated in his platelets. The deranged adenosine metabolism and raised cAMP in the platelets of this child with severe combined immunodeficiency may explain the altered response to ADP. Despite the in vitro platelet aggregation abnormality, the patient had no clinical evidence of impaired hemostasis.
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1153
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1154
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Abstract
The intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP reached a maximum in 3.5-day old cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis grown in the presence of glycerol as the main source of carbon. Glucose-grown cells exhibited decreased cyclic AMP levels at all stages of growth. When M. smegmatis cells were incubated with various metabolites, pyruvate increased whereas glucose, ctric acid, succinic acid and lactic acid decreased intracellular cyclic AMP levels. No cyclic AMP was detected in the incubation medium. The presence of a cyclic AMP-binding protein was demonstrated in cell-free extracts of M. smegmatis.
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1155
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Echeverria P, Lin YL, Lee CH, Verhaert L, Ewing R. Search for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the environment in Taipei, Taiwan. ZHONGHUA MINGUO WEI SHENG WU XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1978; 11:138-40. [PMID: 387347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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1156
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Abstract
Previous work indicates vascular can be studied in vitro and that there is a marked age-associated decrease in the ability of rat aortic strips to relax in response to beta-adrenergic agonists. The present studies were aimed at better understanding the role of thyroid hormones in vascular relaxation and aging. Removal of the thyroid gland from young rats resulted in a decrease in the ability of isoproterenol to relax the aorta. Relaxation caused by nitroglycerin, a non-specific relaxant, was not impaired by thyroidectomy. In 22-month-old rats, isoproterenol caused no relaxation unless exogenous thyroid hormones were administered. Hypophysectomy seven months prior to testing improved the ability of thyroid hormones to restore isoproterenol relaxation of the aorta. The loss of relaxation with age could be due in part to a pituitary mediated loss of responsiveness of aortic tissue to thyroid hormones. The data provide new evidence for the importance of thyroid hormones in beta-adrenergic receptor mediated vascular relaxation and demonstrate that the loss of aortic relaxation with aging can be reversed.
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1157
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Fisher ER, Swamidoss S, Lee CH, Rockette H, Redmond C, Fisher B. Detection and significance of occult axillary node metastases in patients with invasive breast cancer. Cancer 1978; 42:2025-31. [PMID: 213191 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(197810)42:4<2025::aid-cncr2820420452>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blocks of axillary lymph nodes from 78 patients with invasive breast cancer, which after "routine" pathological examination were regarded as negative for metastases, were step-sectioned at 20 u intervals. Occult metastases were detected in 24% of the cases. A significant association between such metastases and a lack of or slight degree of an intraductal carcinomatous component of the dominant cancer was noted. There was no relationship between occult metastases and 15 other histopathological and 3 clinical features investigated, including an average 5 year survival rate. Similarly there was no correlation between any of the possible discriminants investigated in the 24% of patients who have died of their diseases or are living with recurrence regardless of the presence of occult metastases. Factors accounting for the lack of universal survival in patients with Stage I (and those with occult metastases that might be designated as stage 11/2) remain enigmatic. It is concluded that attempts to detect occult metastases by extending histopathological methods may be more academic than practical or therapeutically significant.
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1158
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Lee CH, Tinoco I. Mutagen--oligonucleotide complexes with a bulged base as models for frameshift mutation. Nature 1978; 274:609-10. [PMID: 672994 DOI: 10.1038/274609a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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1159
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Ahmed SS, Lee CH, Oldewurtel HA, Regan TJ. Sustained effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on myocardial performance during regional ischemia. Role of free fatty acid and osmolality. J Clin Invest 1978; 61:1123-35. [PMID: 659587 PMCID: PMC372632 DOI: 10.1172/jci109027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of glucose infusate administered with insulin and potassium on left ventricular function during 4 h of ischemia, as well as mechanism of action, four groups of intact anesthetized dogs were studied. Acute regional ischemia was induced with a balloon tip catheter in the left anterior descending artery and infusates were begun after 20 min of ischemia. A threefold increase of plasma glucose concentration was associated with improved left ventricular function during ischemia, compared to animals receiving isovolumic saline. There was a significant decline of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure associated with elevation of stroke volume and ejection fraction to control levels, as determined by indicator dilution. In a separate subgroup studied by cineangiography, shortening of the ischemic anterior wall, after an initial decline, was increased in response to glucose but there was no evidence of extension of injury. Ischemic tissue exhibited a smaller gain of water as well as Na+ per gram dry weight as compared to ischemic controls. On precordial electrocardiogram mapping there was a significant decrease in the sigmaST (sum of ST elevation) as well as NST (number of ST segment elevations), but the reduction of R wave amplitude was not different from controls. To further evaluate long-term effects, eight controls and six treated animals underwent myocardial ischemia and were sacrificed after 4 mo. Calculated area and weight of scar, as well as degree of wall thinning, were similar in both groups. The glucose-treated animals had a significant decrease of plasma FFA in contrast to controls which manifested a significant rise. To examine the postulate that the decrease in FFA was important to therapeutic action, a third group was infused with Intralipid (Cutter Laboratories, Inc., Berkeley, Calif.) and heparin, simultaneously with the glucose infusate, to effect an elevation of plasma FFA during ischemia. Changes in myocardial function and electrolyte composition, as well as precordial electrocardiogram mapping, were similar to that of animals receiving glucose alone. Because serum osmolality was increased approximately 40 mosmol during the glucose infusion, the potential role of hyperosmolality was assessed by infusion of 20% mannitol during acute ischemia in a fourth group. After a transient small increase, there was a moderate decline in function by 4 h, suggesting that the response to glucose is not dependent upon extracellular osmolality. Thus, it is concluded that during the initial hours after the onset of myocardial ischemia the glucose infusate improves ventricular performance without evidence of arrhythmia induction or intensification of ischemic injury. Evolution of irreversible necrosis appears to be delayed rather than prevented under the circumstances of this study.
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1160
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Lee CH, Tinoco I. Studies of the conformation of modified dinucleoside phosphates containing 1,N6-ethenoadenosine and 2'-O-methylcytidine by 360-MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Investigation of the solution conformations of dinucleoside phosphates. Biochemistry 1977; 16:5403-14. [PMID: 921943 DOI: 10.1021/bi00644a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Seven dinucleoside monophosphates containing epsilonA (1,N6-ethenoadenosine) and 2'-O-methylcytidine were studied by 360-MHz proton magnetic resonance and compared with unmodified dimers and component monomers at 4, 20, 45, and 75 degrees C. These studies show that the dimers exhibit preference for the gg and g'g' conformations for the C-4'-C-5' and C-5'-O-5' bonds, respectively, and that dimerization induces an increase of the population and inflexibility of the 3'-endo conformations for the ribose ring. Three stacked (or stable) conformations for dimers, I, II, and III, in equilibrium with an unstacked (or open) form in solution, are suggested by dimerization shifts of ribose protons. Conformation I exhibits anti, gg, 3'-endo, phi' = 203 to approximately 211 degrees, omega' = 300 degrees, omega = 290 degrees, g'g', gg, 3'-endo, and anti conformation from the 5' end to the 3' end of the dimer. Conformation II shows anti, gg, 3'-endo, phi' = 203-211 degrees, omega = 30 degrees, omega = 100 degrees, g'g', gg, 3'-endo, and anti conformation. Conformation III is anti, gg, 2'-endo, phi' = 260 degrees, omega' = 50 degrees, omega = 220 degrees g'g', gg, 3'-endo, and anti (x approximately 100 degrees) conformation. The dimers, PupPu and PupPy, prefer conformations I and II, while PypPu and PypPy prefer conformation II. Introduction of epsilonA for the base of -pN induces an increase of conformations II and III, while the epsilonA substitution for the Np- residue induces an increase of conformation I. 2'-O-methylation of the Cp- residue of CpC decreases conformation I and increases conformation II. Based on the stable solution conformations of these dimers, a possible conformation of the anticodon loop is proposed, which is an alternative to the one observed in the crystal of tRNAPhe.
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1161
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Chiang FP, Lee CH. Dynamic laser speckle interferometry applied to transient flexure problem. APPLIED OPTICS 1977; 16:3085-3086. [PMID: 20174306 DOI: 10.1364/ao.16.003085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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1162
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Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis cells was identified by thin-layer chromatography, stepwise conversion to adenosine 5'-monophosphate and adenosine, ultraviolet absorption spectrum, phosphate analysis, and detection by two relatively specific radioisotopic methods.
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1163
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Lee CH, Berkowitz BA. Calcium antagonist activity of methadone, l-acetylmethadol and l-pentazocine in the rat aortic strip. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1977; 202:646-53. [PMID: 894527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
These studies described physiologic evidence that methadone and related compounds can function as calcium antagonists. Methadone (1 X 10(-5)-1 X 10(-4) M) inhibited the contraction of the isolated rat aortic strip preparation produced by potassium chloride, norepinephrine, l-pentazocine or morphine. Methadone was most effective in diminishing aortic contractions which were highly dependent on the concentration of extracellular calcium. The d- and l-isomers of methadone were equipotent inhibitors of aortic contraction. l-Acetylmethadol (1 X 10(-6)-1 X 10(-5) M) was a potent inhibitor of vascular contraction. l-Pentazocine inhibited its own ability to contract the aorta as the dose was raised 3 X 10(-5) M. The inhibition of aortic contraction produced by methadone, l-acetylmethadol and l-pentazocine was overcome by raising the concentration of calcium in the tissue baths. The inhibition of contraction and the apparent calcium-antagonist activity of these drugs best correlates with their lipid solubility. Since calcium is a critical regulator of cellular function, the calcium-antagonist action of methadone and l-acetylmethadol may prove to be important in mediating some of their pharmacologic and toxicologic effects.
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1164
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Lue HC, Lee CH, Hsieh RP, Ma CP, Liu JL, Chen SH, Chen CL. Prevention of rheumatic heart disease: identification and treatment of streptococcal infections in school children. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1977; 76:423-40. [PMID: 336838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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1165
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Ezra FS, Lee CH, Kondo NS, Danyluk SS, Sarma RH. Conformational properties of purine-pyrimidine and pyrimidine-purine dinucleoside monophosphates. Biochemistry 1977; 16:1977-87. [PMID: 870035 DOI: 10.1021/bi00628a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The detailed conformational features and dynamics of heterodinucleoside monophosphates ApU, ApC, GpU, GpC, UpA, CpA, UpG, and CpG have been studied in aqueous solution by high field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Analysis of the resultant NMR parameters leads to a number of discernible trends throughout the series. Thus the ribose rings of the dimers exist as equilibrium mixtures of C(2')-endo(2E) in equilibrium C(3')-endo(3E) conformers with a proclivity for the 3E pucker in most cases; the C(4')-C(5') bonds of both nucleotidyl units show significant preference (74-96%) for a gg conformation and the dominant conformer (85-89%) about C(5')-O(5') is g'g'. Orientation about the C(3')-O(3') bond is coupled to the ribose conformational equilibrium and the system exists with a bias for the 3Eg- coupled conformation in which the H(3')-C(3')-O(3')-P dihedral angle occupies the narrow range of 33-35 degrees. Dimerization, on the average, causes about 10% increase in gg and g'g' populations and the g-domain becomes increasingly populated about the C(3')-O(3') bond. The ribose equilibrium 2E in equilibrium 3E shifts in favor of 3E upon dimerization, the effect being very conspicuous for the pu-py series (similar to 40 yields 60%) and less noticeable for the py-pu systems (similar to 47 yields 58%), clearly suggesting a correlation between sequence and ribose conformational equilibrium. The temperature and dimerization data for the heterodinucleoside monophosphates show that the transition 2E yields 3E is directly related to XCN changes induced by dimerization and stacking. Analysis of the ribose coupling data shows that the percentage populations of stacked species vary from dimer to dimer with GpC displaying a maximum of 45% stacked population and UpG about 10%. However, in general, the pu-py dimers show a higher preference (27-45%) for stacked conformations than py-pu dimers (10-25%). It is proposed that the pronounced deshielding of H(5') of the 5'-nucleotidyl units upon dimerization is associated with the presence of right-handed stacks (g-g-), whereas the chemical shift trends of H(5') and H(5') of 3'-nucleotidyl units are due to the presence of left-handed stacks (g+g+) in all the dimers. In pu-py dimers, the population of the g-g- species is found to be greater than that of g+g+. Also the population of g-g- stacks in pu-py dimers is generally greater than in their corresponding matched py-pu dimers. Thus the base sequence has not only an explicit effect on the overall populations of stacked species, but also on the handedness of the stacks. The present results further confirm the interdependence of conformational bonds throughout the nucleotidyl framework.
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1166
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Lee CH, Olson LD. Chronology of development of serum antispirochete antibody in swine experimentally exposed to swine dysentery: preliminary report. Am J Vet Res 1977; 38:539-40. [PMID: 322555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (with immunofluorescence of large spirochetes as positive), serum antispirochete antibodies were detected initially at 4 weeks after onset of diarrhea in swine exposed to infective swine dysentery inoculum. Antibodies continued to be present in serum of swine tested 5 months after onset of diarrhea.
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1167
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1168
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Chiu SY, Lee CH. Immune response during hyperimmunization. (XV) Localization of the effect of complete Freund adjuvant on the antibody forming system by means of cytotoxicity test and hemolysin titration. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1976; 75:700-6. [PMID: 1071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1169
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Singh H, Herbut MH, Ilo R, Lee CH, Sarma RH. Conformational features of 2'-O-methyl-adenosylyl-adenosine. Biopolymers 1976; 15:2167-84. [PMID: 990401 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1976.360151106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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1170
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Lee CH, Olson LD. A direct fluorescent antibody test for large spirochetes in swine dysentery using hyperimmunized swine serum. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1976; 40:392-6. [PMID: 793697 PMCID: PMC1277570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A direct fluorescent antibody test was developed for the identification of large spirochetes which are considered to be the cause of swine dysentery. Sera from swine which had recovered from swine dysentery and had been hyperimmunized by the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of filtered spirochetes were used for conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate. A bright greenish fluorescence of large spirochetes was observed with the conjugated serum from hyperimmunized pig No. 1 when diluted 1:8 and hyperimmunized pig No. 2 when diluted 1:2. Pig No. 1 had developed a serum titer of 1:64 using the indirect fluorescent antibody test for large spirochetes. The conjugated serum from the three swine which had recovered from swine dysentery fluoresced spirochetes only when undiluted. The conjugated serum from the two swine treated while having a hemorrhagic diarrhea did not fluoresce spirochetes. No immunofluorescence of Vibrio spp. was observed.
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1171
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Lee CH, Olson LD, Rodabaugh DE. Influence of medication on development of serum antibody to swine dysentery as detected with indirect fluorescent antibody method. Am J Vet Res 1976; 37:1159-63. [PMID: 136221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serums from 119 swine exposed to swine dysentery inoculum, and medicated with various drugs, were tested for antibodies to the large spirochete, using the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and were compared in tests with known positive serums from 18 nonmedicated swine which had recovered naturally. An inverse relationship existed between the efficacy of the drug and the serum antibody titer (highest dilution of the serum producing immunofluorescence of large spirochetes). The more efficacious drugs or doses resulted in lesser development of serum antibody. Diarrhea usually seemed necessary for the development of serum antibody. With the less efficacious drugs, there were more days of diarrhea. Some swine had diarrhea but did not develop an antibody titer, and a few swine had a titer but did not develop diarrhea. Swine which developed a titer were more immune against reexposure with infective inoculum. The medicaments, especially those given at higher concentrations, seemed to resolve the diarrhea or prevent the development of diarrhea, occurrences which were necessary for the development of immunity.
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1172
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Lee CH, Olson LD. Immunofluorescence of spirochetes with serum from swine recovered from swine dysentery using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE MEDICINE : REVUE CANADIENNE DE MEDECINE COMPAREE 1976; 40:404-7. [PMID: 793698 PMCID: PMC1277572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Using an indirect fluorescent antibody test, immunofluorescence of large spirochetes was observed with serum from swine that had recovered from swine dysentery. The spirochetes were obtained from scrapings of the colonic mucosa on the first day of diarrhea which was the time when the spirochete population was observed to be the highest. Of 29 exposed nonmedicated swine which developed and recovered from a diarrhea characteristic of swine dysentery 27 had antispirochete serum titers which ranged from 1:2 to 1:16. None of the 50 nonexposes swine developed a titer. Of 19 swine with a serum titer and reexposed with infective swine dysentery inoculum, 18 did not develop a diarrhea and were presumed to be immune. Considering these findings it is possible that this test could be used to detect antispirochete antibody in unknown swine serum.
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1173
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Chiu SY, Lee CH. Immune response during hyperimmunization. (XIV) Effect of indirect immunization and adjuvant indicated by in vivo application of splenic extract from immunized mouse. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1976; 75:512. [PMID: 796406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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1174
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Lee CH, Ezra FS, Kondo NS, Sarma RH, Danyluk SS. Conformational properties of dinucleoside monophosphates in solution: dipurines and dipyrimidines. Biochemistry 1976; 15:3627-39. [PMID: 952881 DOI: 10.1021/bi00661a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain information about the conformational features in a polyribonucleotide at the nearest neighbor level, detailed nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the dinucleoside monophosphates ApA, ApG, GpA, UpU, CpC, UpC, and CpU were undertaken. Proton spectra were recorded at 100, 220, 270, or 300 MHz for D2O solutions, 0.01-0.03 M, pD 7.4 at 20+/-2 degrees C. Spectra of ApA, ApG, UpU, and UpC were also recorded in the temperature range of 70-90 degrees C. Unambiguous signal assignments of all proton resonances were made with the aid of selectively deuterated dimers. Complete, accurate sets of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters were derived for each nucleotidyl unit by simulation-iteration methods. A complete set of chemical shift and coupling constant data was also obtained for all the constituent monomeric units at a concentration and ionization state comparable to that of the dimers. Conformational properties were evaluated quantitatively for most of the bonds in the dinucleoside monophosphates using procedures developed in earlier studies. All of the dimers have a flexible conformational framework in aqueous solution. While flexibility is allowed and alternate conformations are accessible, these molecules nevertheless attempt to achieve conformational identity by showing preferences--sometimes overwhelming preferences--for certain orientations. Thus the ribose rings exist as equilibrium mixtures of C2'-endo in equilibrium C3'-endo conformers with a bias for the C3'-endo pucker in most cases. The C4'-C5' bonds of both nucleotidyl units show significant preference (70-85%) for a gg conformation. Similarly, the dominant conformer (80-90%) about C5'-O5' is g'g'. Even though an unambiguous determination of the orientation about C3'-O3' cannot be made, there is suggestive evidence that the orientation of the 3' phosphate group is coupled to the ribose conformational equilibrium and it is likely that a 3Eg- in equilibrium 2Eg+ equilibrium exists with a bias for the 3Eg- coupled conformation in which the H3'-C3'-O3'-P dihedral angle is about 34-38 degrees. The individual nucleotidyl units in the dimers differ in several key ways from corresponding monomer conformations. Specifically, the ribose equilibrium C2'-endo in equilibrium C3'-endo shifts in favor of C3'-endo upon dimerization, the only exception being UpU. The C4'-C5' and C5'-O5' bonding network in the dimer forms a stable conformational unit and no correlation exists in the dimers between the conformational preference of this fragment and ribose conformer population. The temperature data for the dimers and dimerization data clearly indicate that the transition C2'-endo leads to C3'-endo is directly related to XCN changes brought about by dimerization and stacking...
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1175
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Lee CH, Berkowitz BA. Stereoselective and calcium-dependent contractile effects of narcotic antagonist analgesics in the vascular smooth muscle of the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1976; 198:347-56. [PMID: 7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients, pentazocine administered i.v. can have an unusual action for a strong analgesic-an elevation of blood pressure. The objective of this study in rats was to better quantify and explain the molecular mechanism for the vascular action of l-pentazocine and compare it with other analgesics and narcotic antagonists. In anesthetized rats, l-pentazocine (0.3-3 mg/kg i.v.) elevated blood pressure and this effect was potentiated in pithed rats. The contraction appeared to be nonadrenergic as it was not blocked by the alpha blocker, phenoxybenzamine. In vitro, morphine (ED50 = 4 X 10(-5) M) and the l-isomers of pentazocine (ED50 = 8 X 10(-6) M) contracted the spirally cut aortic strip. The l-isomers were approximately 5 times more potent than their d-enantiomers. Contraction of the aorta by l-pentazocine was not inhibited by dibenamine, atropine, diphenhydramine, pyrilamine or indomethacin nor potentiated by propranolol. On the other hand, not only was the contraction highly dependent on the concentration of calcium in the bath but it was also blocked by verapamil and SKF-525A, drugs known to inhibit transmembrane calcium influx. Naloxone (3 X 10(-4) to 1 X 10(-3) M), which produced no contractile effect by itself, reduced aortic contraction of l-pentazocine to the greatest extent, that of potassium moderately and that of norepinephrine only slightly. The naloxone blockade of l-pentazocine vascular contraction was reversed by increasing Ca++ concentration in the media, suggesting the action of naloxone may resemble a calcium blocker. It is proposed that a direct, stereoselective and calcium dependent vascular action of l-pentazocine contributes to its ability to raise blood pressure. The possibility that in high doses narcotic antagonists may decrease calcium influx should also be considered.
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1176
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1177
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1178
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Whittle BA, Lee CH. Activity of L-cysteinesulfinate carboxy-lyase and persulfurase in livers of rats fed different levels of sulfate and cysteine. J Nutr 1976; 106:537-42. [PMID: 1255271 DOI: 10.1093/jn/106.4.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of L-cysteinesulfinate carboxy-lyase (CSC) and persulfurase was measured in livers of rats fed 15% casein diets supplemented with (1) 0.53% cysteine, (2) 0.40% cysteine, (3) 0.40% cysteine + 0.10% sulfate, (4) 0.42% sulfate, or (5) 0.42% sulfate + 0.40% cysteine. The diets were fed to adult rats for 1 week and to weanling rats for periods of 1 and 4 weeks. At the end of each feeding period, the highest CSC activity was detected in livers from animals fed diet 4, but no differences in CSC activity were detected among livers from the other four groups. Persulfurase activity did not differ significantly among those weanling or adult rats fed the diets for 1 week but was lower among those fed diet 4 than diet 5 for 4 weeks. The acitivity patterns did not parallel those of taurine excretion or conjugation observed previously among rats fed the same diets, and may indicate that factors other than taurine synthesis and ingestion control those processes.
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1179
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Lee CH, Sarma RH. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the solution conformation of nucleoside diphosphohexoses and their components. Biochemistry 1976; 15:697-704. [PMID: 1252419 DOI: 10.1021/bi00648a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The solution conformations of UDPG, UDPGN, UDPGal, UDPM, UDPGluc, UDPGalc, ADPG, ADPM, GDPG, GDPM, and CDPG and their components Glu-1-P, Gal-1-P, Man-1-P, Gluc-1-P, Galc-1-P, ADP, GDP, UDP, and CDP are studied by high resolution fast Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with iterative computer line shape simulation. The following results were observed. (1) The six-membered ring is in 4C1 chair form with the C(5')-C(6') bond in gg equilibrium tg equilibrium for the derivatives of glucose and mannose and gt equilibrium tg for those of galactose. (2) No conformational preference can be detected for C(1')-O(1') bond in hexose-1'-P moiety. (3) Chemical shift dependencies for the pyranoid ring protons and their structural and conformational relations are: (a) axial proton is at higher field than equatorial: (b) the shielding effect of a gauche vicinal hydroxyl group is stronger than a trans vicinal; (c) the vicinity of a hydroxyl group located more than three bonds away tends to shift the proton downfield. (4) The conformation of the nucleoside 5'-diphosphate part is [anti, 2E equilibrium 3E, g'g' equilibrium g't', g'g' equilibrium g''/t''], with slight variation of each conformation occuring for individual compounds. (5) No significant interactions are detected between the hexose and nucleoside parts in the nucleoside diphosphohexoses, and the hexose and nucleoside components display the same conformational preference as they become integrated to form nucleoside diphosphohexoses.
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1180
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Chien TH, Lee CH, Cheng MH, Jou TC, Tsai TL, Lin JY, Tung TC. The effect of ricin on the growth of chick-embryo spinal ganglia in tissue culture. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1976; 75:130-7. [PMID: 1067371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1181
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Urso FP, Urso MJ, Lee CH. The cathartic colon: pathological findings and radiological/pathological correlation. Radiology 1975; 116:557-9. [PMID: 1153760 DOI: 10.1148/116.3.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cathartic colon has been described radiologically, but the pathological characteristics have not been reported. The authors describe a case in which radiological/pathological correlation was possible, with emphasis on the pathology of the colon. The disease simulates chronic ulcerative colitis radiologically and pathologically.
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1182
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Chiu SY, Gonq JH, Lee CH. Immune response during hyperimmunization: (XII) Long term skin-binding antibody in comparison with the ordinary passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibody in immune sera. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1975; 74:613-9. [PMID: 1062506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1183
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Chiu SY, Gonq JH, Lee CH. Immune response during hyperimmunization. (XI) Passive sensitization of normal guinea pig skin sections and granulocytes by homologous anti-horse-serum antiserum. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1975; 74:557-63. [PMID: 1063252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1184
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Hsieh RP, Lau HY, Liu JL, Lue HC, Lee CH, Chen SH, Chen CL. A study on beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from the throats of healthy and sick school children in the Taipei area. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1975; 74:548-56. [PMID: 772158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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1185
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Evans FE, Lee CH, Sarma RH. 300 MHz NMR study on the effect of base stacking on backbone conformational flexibility in oxy- and deoxy- adenyl dinucleosides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 63:106-14. [PMID: 1079133 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1186
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Lee CH, Evans FE, Sarma RH. The gain in conformational purity and loss in flexibility as a result of 3',5' polymerization between the component mononucleotides - a 300 MHz 1H and 40.5 MHz 31 P NMR comparative study of the dynamic solution conformation of dinucleoside monophosphates and their component monomers. FEBS Lett 1975; 51:73-9. [PMID: 1123068 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1187
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Lee CH, Evans FE, Sarma RH. Interrelation between glycosidic torsion, sugar pucker, and backbone conformation in 5'-beta-nucleotides. A 1H and 31P fast Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the conformation of 8-aza-5'-beta-adenosine monophosphate and 8-aza-5'-beta-guanosine monophosphate. J Biol Chem 1975; 250:1290-6. [PMID: 1112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen-1 and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 5'-AMP, 5'-GMP, 8-aza-5'-GMP, adenosine, 8-aza-adenosine, and guanosine were obtained at biological pH values at a concentration sufficiently low to obtain information regarding their intramolecular solution conformation. The spectra were analyzed by computer simulation. It is shown that all of the above nucleosides and nucleotides have a flexible molecular framework in aqueous solution, 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP showing preference for anti(2-E in equilibrium 3-E)gg-g'g' conformations and the 8-aza analogs showing preference for (syn in equilibrium anti)-(2E in equilibrium 3-E) - g/t-g'g' conformations. In addition, aza substitution causes increase in 3-E sugar populations and in the populations of g'/t' conformers. It is argued that in the 8-aza analogs repulsive electrostatic interactions would prevail between --N (see article) at the 8 position and the negatively charged phosphate group, if the molecule existed in the anti-gg orientation. Such electrostatic repulsions can be relieved by rotating the C(4')--C(5') bond from gg to g/t orientations as well as by torsional variation about the glycosidic linkage from anti to syn conformation. Rotation from anti to syn orientation, for steric and electrostatic reasons, necessitates a simultaneous rotation about the C(4')--C(5') bond from gg to g/t conformation. The observation that the 8-aza substitution in 5'-beta-purine nucleotides cause a depopulation of gg and anti conformers with corresponding increase in the population of g/t and syn orientation seems to support the above thesis. The finding that rotational variation about a bond such as C(4')--C(5') is accompanied by torsional variation about C(5')--O(5') and the glycosidic bonds, as well as changes in the endocyclic torsion angles of the ribose moiety, gives important insight into the engineering of nucleic acid components: even though they in general prefer certain conformations, there is enough flexibility present in their molecular framework, that the entire system can undergo conformational adjustment in response to a perturbation. A conformational basis for the antileukemic effects of 8-aza purines is proposed.
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1188
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Levi R, Capurro N, Lee CH. Pharmacological characterization of cardiac histamine receptors: sensitivity to H1-and H2-receptor agonists and antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 1975; 30:328-35. [PMID: 236192 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(75)90117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the isolated guinea pig heart, histamine H1-receptor antagonists inhibit the histamine-induced negative dromotropic effect, but not the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects (Levi and Kuye, 1974, European J. Pharmacol. 27, 330). Burimamide, the H2-receptor antagonist, inhibits the positive chronotropic effect of histamine (Black et al., 1972, Nature 236, 385). In this study, the hypothesis that H1- and H2-receptors selectively mediate the various cardiac effects of histamine was tested: (a) by investigating the inhibition of cardiac histamine effects by burimamide; (b) by studying the cardiac effects of 2-methylhistamine (an H1-agonist) and 4-methylhistamine (an H2-agonist). Burimamide, as a function of concentration, inhibited the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of histamine, whereas it attenuated the negative dromotropic effect of histamine at the higher concentration only. 4-Methylhistamine caused dose-dependent positive inotropic and chronotropic but not negative dromotropic effects; conversely, with 2-methylhistamine the negative dromotropic effect prevailed. Sinus tachycardia and slowing of atrioventricular conduction were also obtained in the guinea pig in vivo by the i.v. administration of histamine. Burimamide selectively antagonized the positive chronotropic effect, whereas promethazine (an H1-antagonist) selectively inhibited the negative dromotropic effect. These results substantiate the hypothesis that H2-receptors mediate the histamine-induced increase in rate and contractility, whereas H1-receptors mediate the slowing of atrioventricular conduction.
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1189
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Lee CH, Evans FE, Sarma RH. Interrelation between glycosidic torsion, sugar pucker, and backbone conformation in 5'-beta-nucleotides. A 1H and 31P fast Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the conformation of 8-aza-5'-beta-adenosine monophosphate and 8-aza-5'-beta-guanosine monophosphate. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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1190
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Lee CH. [Community health nursing and child health in Taiwan]. HU LI ZA ZHI THE JOURNAL OF NURSING 1975; 22:45-9. [PMID: 1040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1191
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Sarma RH, Lee CH, Evans FE, Yathindra N, Sundaralingam M. Probing the interrelation between the glycosyl torsion, sugar pucker, and the backbone conformation in C(8) substituted adenine nucleotides by 1H and 1H-(31P) fast Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance methods and conformational energy calculations. J Am Chem Soc 1974; 96:7337-48. [PMID: 4427056 DOI: 10.1021/ja00830a028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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1192
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Lee CH, Sarma RH. Complete analysis of the fast Fourier transformed 1 HNMR spectra of coenzyme A, acetyl coenzyme A and 3'5' ADP and their solution conformation. FEBS Lett 1974; 43:271-6. [PMID: 4412546 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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1193
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Lee CH, Cheah JS. The effect of reserpine and propranolol on the Achilles tendon reflex time in hyperthyroidism. Med J Aust 1974; 1:794-5. [PMID: 4605246 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1974.tb93336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1194
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Lee CH, Morita A, Saito H, Takagi K. Changes in catecholamine levels of mouse brain during oscillation-stress. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1973; 21:2768-70. [PMID: 4783172 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.21.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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1195
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Sarma RH, Lee CH, Hruska FE, Wood DJ. 1H, 1H-(31P), 31P, and 31P-(1H) fast Fourier transform NMR study of the solution conformation of the cofactors involved in glycogen synthesis: adenosinediphosphoglucose and uridinediphosphoglucose. FEBS Lett 1973; 36:157-62. [PMID: 4754262 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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1196
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Kim JE, Kim YC, Lee CH. [Case reports of periodontal treatment under hypnoanesthesia (author's transl)]. TAEHAN CH'IKKWA UISA HYOPHOE CHI 1973; 11:667-70. [PMID: 4523382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1197
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Son SH, Lee JH, Kim WS, Kim CG, Lee CH. [Autogenous free gingival graft. A technique and case report (author's transl)]. TAEHAN CH'IKKWA UISA HYOPHOE CHI 1973; 11:675-9. [PMID: 4523384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1198
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Kuo TP, Huang TJ, Lee CH. Stress ulcer. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1973; 72:304-11. [PMID: 4517263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1199
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1200
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Chin YW, Lee CH, Kim HD, Lee EH, Kim SI. [A study on the relationships between rest position capacity and tongue volume (author's transl)]. TAEHAN CH'IKKWA UISA HYOPHOE CHI 1973; 11:263-6. [PMID: 4535449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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