601
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Lim DS, Kim YH, Lee HS, Park CG, Seo HS, Shim WJ, Oh DJ, Ro YM. Coronary flow reserve is reflective of myocardial perfusion status in acute anterior myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2000; 51:281-6. [PMID: 11066106 DOI: 10.1002/1522-726x(200011)51:3<281::aid-ccd7>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether coronary vasodilatory reserve (CVR) correlates with the perfusion state of infarct zone in early recovery phase of acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI). We studied 14 patients (11 males; mean age, 46 years) who had AMI and 6 control subjects who had chest pain but normal coronary angiograms. All patients underwent successful percutaneous revascularization of left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Coronary flow velocity was measured using intracoronary (IC) Doppler at baseline and following IC injection of 18 microg of adenosine. Myocardial perfusion was evaluated by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). CVR was higher in patients without a perfusion defect on MCE than in those with (2.48 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.66 +/- 0.13, P = 0.001). Subjects with a perfusion defect had a lower CVR than controls (1.66 +/- 0.13 vs.2.40 +/- 0.18, P < 0.05). CVR was > 2.0 in all subjects without a perfusion defect. There was a strong correlation between the magnitude of myocardial opacification in the LAD territory and CVR (r = 0.80, P < 0.01). Increase in peak diastolic flow velocity after adenosine infusion, but not systolic flow velocity, correlated with myocardial opacification index (r = 0.63, P = 0.016). CVR of infarct-related artery correlated closely with the perfusion status of the myocardium in infarct zone and those with a CVR > 2.0 had normal myocardial perfusion. These data suggest that CVR may be used to determine the perfusion state of the myocardium in the infarct zone, which is a known predictor of myocardial viability. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 51:281-286, 2000.
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602
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Mun JH, Yu HJ, Lee HS, Kwon YM, Lee JS, Lee I, Kim SG. Two closely related cDNAs encoding actin-depolymerizing factors of petunia are mainly expressed in vegetative tissues. Gene 2000; 257:167-76. [PMID: 11080583 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) is one of the small actin-binding proteins that regulate actin dynamics in cells. We have isolated two cDNA clones, PhADF1 and PhADF2, encoding ADF from cDNA libraries constructed from petal protoplast cultures and flowers of Petunia hybrida. PhADF1 and PhADF2 encode polypeptides of 139 and 143 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 16.04 and 16.51kDa, respectively. Co-sedimentation assay showed that the recombinant PhADF1 protein produced in Escherichia coli binds to F-actin at pH7. 0 and preferentially depolymerizes it at pH8.0. Gene tree analysis indicates that the plant ADF family can be grouped into four classes, and PhADFs are included in class I. Southern blot analyses revealed that one or two copies of PhADF genes are present in petunia genome, and several other related isoforms also exist. Northern blot analyses indicated that PhADF1 and PhADF2 are closely related and abundantly expressed in every plant organ except pollen. In addition, they are highly accumulated in mature vegetative tissue (petal, leaf, and stem). Our results indicate that the transcription of petunia ADF genes is differentially regulated by developmental signals.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Depolymerizing Factors
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Destrin
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Solanaceae/cytology
- Solanaceae/genetics
- Tissue Distribution
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603
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Kang JL, Pack IS, Lee HS, Castranova V. Enhancement of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation by a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, pervanadate, involves reactive oxygen species in silica-stimulated macrophages. Toxicology 2000; 151:81-9. [PMID: 11074303 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation events mediated by tyrosine kinase are involved in silica-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) acts to limit protein tyrosine phosphorylation. In the present study, we investigated the role of PTPase in NF-kappaB activation and tyrosine phosphorylation in silica-stimulated macrophages, and the involvement of ROS in these responses. Treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) with a PTPase inhibitor, pervanadate, markedly enhanced the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB in the presence or absence of silica. The stimulatory effect of pervanadate on NF-kappaB activation was also demonstrated in LPS-stimulated macrophages. A specific inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), genistein, prevented the NF-kappaB activation induced by pervanadate in the presence of silica while inhibitors of protein kinase A or C, such as staurosporine or H7, had no inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB activation. A variety of antioxidants, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, inhibited NF-kappaB activation induced by pervanadate in the presence of silica. Furthermore, pervanadate markedly enhanced silica- or LPS-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in cells. Treatment of macrophages with NAC abolished the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in cells stimulated with the combination of pervanadate and either silica or LPS or with silica alone. The results suggest that PTPase may play a crucial role in the negative regulation of silica-signaling pathways leading to NF-kappaB activation in macrophages. Furthermore, ROS appear to be involved in downstream signaling between PTPase inhibition and NF-kappaB activation.
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604
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Lee HS, Huang AM, Huang GT, Yang PM, Chen PJ, Sheu JC, Lai MY, Lee SC, Chou CK, Chen DS. Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates the growth and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase in human hepatoma cells. J Biomed Sci 2000; 5:180-4. [PMID: 9678488 DOI: 10.1007/bf02253467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen for hepatocytes and various epithelial cells. Unexpectedly, it has been reported to inhibit the growth of hepatoma cells in vitro. To clarify this phenomenon, we examined the effects of recombinant baculovirus-expressed HGF on the growth of 6 human hepatoma cell lines. The growth of Hep3B and HepG2 cells was markedly stimulated to 1.8- and 1.7-fold, respectively, PLC/PRF/5 to 1.4-fold, and SK-Hep-1 to 1.2-fold in a dose-dependent manner under HGF concentrations below 20 ng/ml. Neither HuH-7 nor HCC36 were affected. None of these cells were inhibited. All these cells expressed c-Met, the membrane receptor for HGF, and their c-Met would be activated to be phosphorylated upon addition of HGF. They also contained the ERK2 subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). When HGF was added, their ERK2 would also be phosphorylated. The extent of ERK2 phosphorylation was partially correlated to their growth response to HGF. In conclusion, HGF could stimulate the growth of certain human hepatoma cells, probably through activation of c-Met and MAPKs.
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605
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Kim NY, Pae HO, Kim YC, Choi CK, Rim JS, Lee HS, Kim YM, Chung HT. Pentoxifylline potentiates nitric oxide production in interleukin-1beta-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells through cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 2000; 35:205-11. [PMID: 11827727 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(01)00108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we observed that pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly augmented the nitric oxide (NO) production and the iNOS gene expression by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The enhancing effects of PTX on the IL-1beta-induced NO production was associated with an increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, and the synergistic effects of PTX on the IL-1beta-induced NO production was blocked by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. PKA inhibitors, KT5720 and H89, markedly decreased the augmented expression of iNOS gene whereas ODQ, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, did not affect the enhancing effect. In addition, the pretreatment with KT5720 or H89 abolished the increased translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB into the nucleus by PTX in the IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs. These results suggest that enhancing effects of PTX on the iNOS gene expression in the IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs is mediated predominantly through the activation of NF-kappaB via cAMP-dependent PKA pathway.
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606
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Jung N, Yi YW, Kim D, Shong M, Hong SS, Lee HS, Bae I. Regulation of Gadd45gamma expression by C/EBP. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:6180-7. [PMID: 11012671 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Gadd45gamma (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible) gene is activated transcriptionally by at least two kinds of agents: DNA damaging agent such as methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and UV radiation, or cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). To investigate the sequences and transcription factors involved in induction of Gadd45gamma after treatment with IL-6, the human gene was cloned and sequenced. We found C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) family proteins, major transcription factors in the IL-6 signal transduction pathway, could regulate the transcriptional activity of the Gadd45gamma promoter. In addition, a noncanonical C/EBP-binding site within the Gadd45gamma promoter where C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta could bind, was identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and reporter gene analysis. Furthermore, we found a coordinated expression profile between Gadd45gamma mRNA and C/EBPs (beta and delta) protein during the differentiation of M1 cells: the amount of Gadd45gamma transcripts became maximal when both C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta levels were high, on day 1 of differentiation of M1 cells after treatment with IL-6. These findings suggest that mitotic growth arrest coupled to M1 cell differentiation is mediated by C/EBPs stimulation of growth arrest-associated genes such as Gadd45gamma.
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607
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Lee HS, Jeong CK, Choi SJ, Kim SB, Lee MH, Ko GI, Sohn DH. Simultaneous determination of aceclofenac and diclofenac in human plasma by narrowbore HPLC using column-switching. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23:775-81. [PMID: 11022903 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fully automated narrowbore high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with column-switching was developed for the simultaneous determination of aceclofenac and diclofenac from human plasma samples. Plasma sample (100 microl) was directly introduced onto a Capcell Pak MF Ph-1 column (20 x 4 mm I.D.) where primary separation was occurred to remove proteins and concentrate target substances using acetonitrile potassium phosphate (pH 7, 0.1 M) (14:86, v/v). The drug molecules eluted from MF Ph-1 column were focused in an intermediate column (35 x 2 mm I.D.) by the valve switching step. The substances enriched in intermediate column were eluted and separated on the narrowbore phenyl hexyl column (100 x 2 mm I.D.) using acetonitrile-potassium phosphate (pH 7, 0.02M) (33:67, v/v) when the valve status was switched back to A position. The method showed excellent sensitivity (detection limit of 10 ng ml(-1)) with small volume of samples (100 microl), good precision and accuracy, and speed (total analysis time 17 min) without any loss in chromatographic efficiency. The response was linear (r2 > or = 0.999) over the concentration range of 50-10,000 ng ml(-1).
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608
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Abstract
Achondrogenesis is a lethal form of congenital chondrodystrophy characterized by extreme micromelia. We describe a case of achondrogenesis type II (Langer-Saldino achondrogenesis) detected by prenatal ultrasonography at 20-week gestation. A dwarfed fetus with large head, short neck and chest, prominent abdomen and short limbs was terminated transvaginally. Radiologic and histopathologic examination revealed features of mild form of achondrogenesis type II. Although the case had no known risk factor and the phenotypic abnormality was mild, modern development in prenatal screening made the early detection possible.
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609
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Yoo CW, Kim MK, Lee HS. Predictors of renal outcome in diffuse proliferative lupus nephropathy: data from repeat renal biopsy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15:1604-8. [PMID: 11007829 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/15.10.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse proliferative lupus nephropathy (DPLN) is the most frequent and severe form of renal disease in patients with systemic lupus erythaematosus. Histological parameters at the initial biopsy of patients with DPLN that would predict the progression of renal pathology or function at the second biopsy are not clearly defined. METHODS The prognostic significance of renal histological indices, such as glomerular activity index and volume density of cortical interstitium [Vv(int/cortex)], was evaluated from successive renal biopsies in 21 patients with DPLN. RESULTS At the time of the second biopsies, performed an average of 43 months after the first biopsies, seven patients (33%) showed progressive renal insufficiency. Only three cases (14%) transformed to World Health Organization class I or III. The seven patients with clinical progression exhibited a higher frequency of hypertension, higher percent glomerulosclerosis, and larger Vv(int/cortex) at the time of second biopsy as compared with the 14 patients without renal insufficiency. At the first biopsy, patients with clinical progression showed a higher glomerular activity index (2.9+/-1.2 vs 1.3+/-0.8, P<0.05) and larger Vv(int/cortex) (0.13+/-0.07 microm(3)/microm(3) vs 0.05+/-0.03 microm(3)/microm(3), P<0.05) than the patients without progression. The glomerular activity index at the first biopsy correlated directly with per cent glomerulosclerosis, Vv(int/cortex), and serum creatinine level at the second biopsy. Vv(int/cortex) in the first biopsy also showed a significant relation with per cent glomerulosclerosis and serum creatinine level at the second biopsy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that higher glomerular activity and larger interstitial volume density at the initial biopsy can predict future progression of renal pathology or function in DPLN.
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610
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Park CJ, Park CB, Hong SS, Lee HS, Lee SY, Kim SC. Characterization and cDNA cloning of two glycine- and histidine-rich antimicrobial peptides from the roots of shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 44:187-97. [PMID: 11117262 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006431320677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two novel antimicrobial peptides were isolated and characterized from the roots of shepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris. These antimicrobial peptides, named shepherin I and shepherin II, consist of 28 and 38 amino acids, respectively, and are glycine- and histidine-rich peptides. Shepherin I and shepherin II have 67.9% and 65.8% (mol/mol) glycine, respectively, and 28.6% and 21.1% (mol/mol) histidine, respectively. Both shepherins have a Gly-Gly-His motif. These antimicrobial peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Circular dichroism spectra of shepherin I and shepherin II showed that shepherin I and shepherin II in 50% trifluoroethanol have 66.7% and 75% random coils, respectively, without any alpha-helices. cDNA sequence analysis revealed that shepherin I and shepherin II are produced from a single polypeptide, designated shep-GRP, consisting of 120 amino acids; shep-GRP has five distinct domains, an amino-terminal putative signal peptide, a shepherin I, a linker dipeptide, a shepherin II and a carboxy-terminal peptide. Southern blot analysis indicates that the gene encoding shepherins belongs to a low-complexity gene family. Northern blot analysis revealed that transcripts of shep-GRP are present in roots but not in leaves and stems.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Bacteria/drug effects
- Bacteria/growth & development
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Brassicaceae/genetics
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Circular Dichroism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Fungi/drug effects
- Fungi/growth & development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Glycine/genetics
- Histidine/genetics
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/pharmacology
- Plant Roots/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/pharmacology
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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611
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Kwon JH, Chun JY, Lee HS, Cheon CI, Song ES, Min KH, Lee MS. Cloning of the histidine biosynthetic genes from Corynebacterium glutamicum: organization and analysis of the hisG and hisE genes. Can J Microbiol 2000; 46:848-55. [PMID: 11006846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The physically linked hisG and hisE genes, encoding for ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase and phosphoribosyl-ATP-pyrophosphohydrolase were isolated from the Corynebacterium glutamicum gene library by complementation of Escherichia coli histidine auxotrophs. They are two of the nine genes that participate in the histidine biosynthetic pathway. Molecular genetics and sequencing analysis of the cloned 9-kb insert DNA showed that it carries the hisG and hisE genes. In combining this result with our previous report, we propose that all histidine biosynthetic genes are separated on the genome by three unlinked loci. The coding regions of the hisG and hisE genes are 279 and 87 amino acids in length with a predicted size of about 30 and 10 kDa, respectively. Computer analysis revealed that the amino acid sequences of the hisG and hisE gene products were similar to those of other bacteria.
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612
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Lee HS, Han DS, Choi SJ, Choi SW, Kim DS, Bai DH, Yu JH. Purification, characterization, and primary structure of a chitinase from Pseudomonas sp. YHS-A2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 54:397-405. [PMID: 11030578 DOI: 10.1007/s002530000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A chitinase gene (chiA) from Pseudomonas sp. YHS-A2 was cloned into Escherichia coli using pUC19. The nucleotide sequence determination revealed a single open reading frame of chiA comprised of 1902 nucleotide base pairs and 633 deduced amino acids with a molecular weight of 67,452 Da. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that ChiA contains two putative chitin-binding domains and a single catalytic domain. Two proline-threonine repeat regions, which are linkers between catalytic and substrate-binding domains in some cellulases and xylanases, were also found. From E. coli, ChiA was purified 12.8-fold relative to the periplasmic fraction. The Michaelis constant and maximum initial velocity for p-nitrophenyl-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose were 1.06 mM and 44.4 micromol/h per mg protein, respectively. The purified ChiA binds not only to colloidal chitin but also to other substrates (avicel, chitosan, and xylan), but the binding affinity of avicel, chitosan, and xylan is around 10 times lower than that of colloidal chitin. The reaction of ChiA with colloidal chitin and chitooligosaccharides (trimer-hexamer) produced an end product of N,N'-diacetylchitobiose, indicating that ChiA is a chitobiosidase.
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613
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Chung CS, Caplan LR, Yamamoto Y, Chang HM, Lee SJ, Song HJ, Lee HS, Shin HK, Yoo KM. Striatocapsular haemorrhage. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 9):1850-62. [PMID: 10960049 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.9.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhages in the striatocapsular area, or striatocapsular haemorrhages (SCHs), have been regarded as a single entity, although the area is composed of several functionally discrete structures that receive blood supply from different arteries. We analysed the morphological and clinical presentations of 215 cases of SCHs according to a new classification method we have designed on the basis of arterial territories. SCHs were divided into six types: (i) anterior type (Heubner's artery); (ii) middle type (medial lenticulostriate artery); (iii) posteromedial type (anterior choroidal artery); (iv) posterolateral type (posteromedial branches of lateral lenticulostriate artery); (v) lateral type (most lateral branches of lateral lenticulostriate artery); and (vi) massive type. The anterior type (11%) formed small caudate haematomas, always ruptured into the lateral ventricle, causing severe headache, and mild contralateral hemiparesis developed occasionally. The outcome was excellent. The middle type (7%) involved the globus pallidus and medial putamen, frequently causing contralateral hemiparesis and transient conjugate eye deviation to the lesion side. About 50% of the patients recovered to normal. The posteromedial type (4%) formed very small haematomas in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and presented with mild dysarthria, contralateral hemiparesis and sensory deficit, with excellent outcome in general. The posterolateral type (33%) affected the posterior half of the putamen and posterior limb of the internal capsule and presented with impaired consciousness and contralateral hemiparesis with either language dysfunction or contralateral neglect. The outcome was fair to poor but there were no deaths. The lateral type (21%) formed large elliptical haematomas between the putamen and insular cortex. Contralateral hemiparesis with language dysfunction or contralateral neglect developed frequently but resolved over several weeks. The clinical outcome was relatively excellent except when the haematoma size was very large. The massive type (24%) formed huge haematomas affecting the entire striatocapsular area. Marked sensorimotor deficits and impaired consciousness, ocular movement dysfunctions including the 'wrong-way' eyes were observed quite frequently. The outcome was very poor with a case fatality rate of 81%. The clinico-radiological presentations suggested its origin was the same as the posterolateral type.
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614
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Kim SY, Lee EJ, Kim HP, Lee HS, Kim YC. LCC, a cerebroside from Lycium chinense, protects primary cultured rat hepatocytes exposed to galactosamine. Phytother Res 2000; 14:448-51. [PMID: 10960900 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1573(200009)14:6<448::aid-ptr635>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes exposed to galactosamine (GalN) were used as a screening system to assess whether a new cerebroside, LCC, isolated from the fruits of Lycium chinense, exhibits hepatoprotective activity. Cultured rat hepatocytes injured with GalN routinely release glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) into the culture medium. Treatment of these GalN-injured primary cultures with LCC markedly blocked the release of both GPT and SDH in a dose-dependent manner over concentrations of LCC ranging from 1 microM to 10 microM. To investigate the mechanism of action for the hepatoprotective activity of LCC, the extent of [(3)H]-uridine incorporation into RNA was measured in GalN-injured cultures of rat hepatocytes. [(3)H]-Uridine incorporation was significantly decreased in injured hepatocytes. LCC, however significantly restored the incorporation of [(3)H]-uridine into RNA in a dose-dependent manner over concentrations ranging from 1 microM to 10 microM. LCC also blocked the suppression of RNA synthesis caused by actinomycin D in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that LCC may have prominent hepatoprotective activity and that its therapeutic value should be investigated further.
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615
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Lee HS, Park CW, Kim YS. MPP(+) increases the vulnerability to oxidative stress rather than directly mediating oxidative damage in human neuroblastoma cells. Exp Neurol 2000; 165:164-71. [PMID: 10964495 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MPP(+), an active metabolite of MPTP, causes a dopaminergic neuronal degeneration similar to that observed in Parkinson's disease. Current data suggest that MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity may be mediated by oxygen free radicals. To evaluate this hypothesis, we first investigated whether MPP(+) could cause oxidative stress by producing oxygen free radicals in the SH-SY5Y, human neuroblastoma cell line. MPP(+) was toxic to the cells dose-dependently but did not increase the level of lipid peroxidation at toxic concentrations. Second, we examined the effects of various antioxidants and an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) on the development of MPP(+) cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, Trolox, phenyl-tertiary-butyl-nitrone (PBN), which show protective effects on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) toxicity did not attenuate MPP(+) cytotoxicity. Similarly, the combination of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase (50 U/ml, respectively), did not protect the cells from the toxic action of MPP(+). Also N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (NAME), a competitive inhibitor of NOS, and combined incubation with NAME and antioxidant enzymes failed to attenuate MPP(+) cytotoxicity. On the other hand, a sublethal dose of MPP(+) potentiated iron and H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest that oxygen free radicals may not be a primary cause of MPP(+)-induced cell death but that MPP(+) increases the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress.
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616
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Lee HS, Moon BJ, Choi SY, Kwon OS. Human pyridoxal kinase: overexpression and properties of the recombinant enzyme. Mol Cells 2000; 10:452-9. [PMID: 10987144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal kinase catalyses the phosphorylation of the vitamin B6. A human brain pyridoxal kinase cDNA was isolated, and the recombinant enzyme was overexpressed in E. coli as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein (MBP). Pure pyridoxal kinase exhibits a molecular mass of about 40 kDa when examined by SDS-PAGE and FPLC gel filtration. The recombinant enzyme is a monomer endowed with catalytic activity, indicating that the native quaternary structure of pyridoxal kinase is not a prerequisite for catalytic function. Zn2+ is the most effective divalent cation in the phosphorylation of pyridoxal, and the human enzyme has maximum catalytic activity in the narrow pH range of 5.5-6.0. The Km values for two substrates pyridoxal and ATP are 97 microM and 12 microM, respectively. In addition, the unfolding processes of the recombinant enzyme were monitored by circular dichroism. The values of the free energy change of unfolding (AGo = 1.2 kcal x mol(-1) x K(-1)) and the midpoint transition (1 M) suggested that the enzyme is more stable than ovine pyridoxal kinase against denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra of the human enzyme from red-edge excitation and fluorescence quenching experiments showed that the tryptophanyl residues are not completely exposed and more accessible to neutral acrylamide than to the negatively charged iodide. The first complete set of catalytic and structural properties of human pyridoxal kinase provide valuable information for further biochemical studies on this enzyme.
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617
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Lee HS, Bae SC, Uhm WS, Jun JB, Lee IH, Kim SY. Red ear(s) syndrome associated with child neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2000; 9:301-3. [PMID: 10866102 DOI: 10.1191/096120300680198908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This case illustrates that a child having severe neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) with seizure and cerebral vascular disease showed excellent clinical outcome in response to intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide pulse, and presented unexplained red ears phenomenon.
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618
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Kim JE, Kim CJ, Park IA, Kim WH, Seo JW, Jang JJ, Kim CW, Park SH, Lee HS, Chi JG, Kim YI, Ham EK. Clinicopathologic study of Castleman's disease in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2000; 15:393-8. [PMID: 10983686 PMCID: PMC3054666 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Castleman's disease represents an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder, infrequently associated with various immunologic abnormalities or subsequent development of malignancy such as Kaposi sarcoma, malignant lymphoma and plasmacytoma. Its clinicopathologic features depend on various etiologic factors such as Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oversecretion of IL-6, adhesion molecule and follicular dendritic cell dysplasia, etc. To investigate the relationship of Castleman's disease (CD) and the above factors, we reviewed 22 cases of CD. Four cases of KSHV positive CD were detected, all multicentric, plasma cell type, and these cases displayed prominent vascular proliferation, characteristic 'Kaposi-like lesion'. IL-6 and CD54 positive mononuclear cells were scattered in interfollicular areas of KSHV positive cases. Follicular dendritic cell hyperplasia, vascular proliferation, expression of IL-6 and CD54 did not show any significant difference between solitary vs multicentric type, and plasma cell type vs hyaline vascular type. Our study suggests that KSHV positive CD reveals unique pathologic features, and the probable relationship of KSHV and IL-6 and CD54 is discussed.
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619
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Lee HS, Kim CD. Analysis of human pancreatic juice in tests of pancreatic function. J Korean Med Sci 2000; 15 Suppl:S21-3. [PMID: 10981501 PMCID: PMC3202182 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2000.15.s.s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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620
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Lee HS, Millward-Sadler SJ, Wright MO, Nuki G, Salter DM. Integrin and mechanosensitive ion channel-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins and beta-catenin in human articular chondrocytes after mechanical stimulation. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15:1501-9. [PMID: 10934648 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces influence chondrocyte metabolism and function. We have previously shown that 0.33 Hz cyclical pressure-induced strain (PIS) results in membrane hyperpolarization of normal human articular chondrocytes (HAC) by activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ small conductance potassium activated calcium (SK) channels. The mechanotransduction pathway involves alpha 5 beta 1-integrin, stretch-activated ion channels (SAC) actin cytoskeleton and tyrosine protein kinases, with subsequent release of the chondroprotective cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4). The objective of this study was to examine in detail tyrosine phosphorylation events in the mechanotransduction pathway. The results show tyrosine phosphorylation of three major proteins, p125, p90, and p70 within 1 minute of onset of mechanical stimulation. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation show these to be focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK), beta-catenin, and paxillin, respectively. Tyrosine phosphorylation of all three proteins is inhibited by RGD containing oligopeptides and gadolinium, which is known to block SAC. beta-catenin coimmunoprecipitates with FAK and is colocalized with alpha 5-integrin and pp125FAK. These results indicate a previously unrecognized role for an integrin-beta-catenin signaling pathway in human articular chondrocyte (HAC) responses to mechanical stimulation.
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621
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Lin RY, Schwartz LB, Curry A, Pesola GR, Knight RJ, Lee HS, Bakalchuk L, Tenenbaum C, Westfal RE. Histamine and tryptase levels in patients with acute allergic reactions: An emergency department-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 106:65-71. [PMID: 10887307 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency department visits for acute allergic reactions are common. Although the diagnosis and classification of these allergic reactions is primarily empiric, it is not always clear whether certain signs and symptoms constitute systemic mediator release syndromes, such as anaphylaxis, and thus may warrant more aggressive therapy or follow-up. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine associations between various clinical signs and symptoms with both plasma histamine levels and serum tryptase levels in adult patients presenting to an emergency department with acute allergic syndromes. The clinical correlates of raised beta-tryptase levels were also investigated. METHODS Ninety-seven adult emergency department patients were prospectively studied by using a questionnaire, physical examination, and serum-plasma sampling. Plasma histamine and serum total and beta-tryptase levels were determined. Clinical groupings were compared for mediator levels by using simple and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Elevated levels of plasma histamine (>10 nmol/L) and serum total tryptase (>15 ng/mL) were observed in 42 and 20 patients, respectively. Detectable beta-tryptase (>/=1 ng/mL) was observed in 23 patients, including 15 of the patients with elevated total tryptase levels. Suspected food allergy incidences and the duration of reaction were similar in patients with increased histamine levels and in patients with increased tryptase levels. Increased total tryptase levels, histamine levels, or both were observed in some patients who did not have airway, cardiovascular, or abdominal signs. Histamine levels correlated better with clinical signs than tryptase levels. Histamine elevations (>10 nmol/L) were observed more frequently in patients characterized by the following clinical signs in univariate analysis: the presence of urticaria, more extensive erythema, abnormal abdominal findings, and wheezing. Total tryptase increases were observed more frequently only in patients with urticaria. Histamine levels correlated with initial heart rates. In multivariate analysis the extent of urticaria was the best single predictor of plasma histamine levels and of either an elevated histamine or tryptase level. Detectable beta-tryptase levels were observed in some patients who had neither elevated total tryptase nor elevated histamine levels. Unlike patients without detectable beta-tryptase levels, patients who had detectable beta-tryptase levels had a significant correlation between total tryptase and histamine levels (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS Raised histamine and, less commonly, raised tryptase levels are observed in almost 50% of patients presenting to emergency departments with acute allergic reactions. Some cases associated with systemic mediator release do not have classical features of severe anaphylaxis, such as hypotension or tachycardia. The lack of total tryptase elevations in many patients with elevated plasma histamine levels suggests basophil involvement. The clinical utility of beta-tryptase determinations in the evaluation of acute allergic reactions needs further study.
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622
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Kim NY, Pae HO, Kang TH, Kim YC, Lee HS, Chung HT. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate inhibits quinolone alkaloid evocarpine-induced apoptosis via activation of protein kinase A in human leukaemic HL-60 cells. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 2000; 87:1-5. [PMID: 10987208 DOI: 10.1111/j.0901-9928.2000.870101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evocarpine, an isoquinolone alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, was found to induce apoptotic cell death in promyelocytic leukaemia HL-60 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. We investigated the involvement of protein kinase A during the evocarpine-induced apoptotic cell death. Evocarpine-induced apoptosis was markedly inhibited by treatment of the cells with dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Similar results were obtained with other commonly used cyclic adenosine monophosphate analogues, chlorophenylthio-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate-elevating agent, forskolin. In contrast, pretreatment of HL-60 cells with KT5720, an inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A, abrogated the protective effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate analogues and forskolin on evocrpine-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase A plays a crucial role in protecting HL-60 cells from the evocarpine-induced apoptotic cell death.
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623
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Chen CH, Sheu JC, Huang GT, Lee HS, Yang PM, Tsang YM, Chen DS. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with superior vena cava syndrome. HEPATO-GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000; 47:1117-9. [PMID: 11020892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A 45-year-old male received wedge resection for his small hepatocellular carcinoma in April 1989 and extended right lobectomy for tumor recurrence 8 months later. Unfortunately, recurrent hepatic tumor with lung metastases were found 18 months after the second operation. Both the hepatic and pulmonary recurrent tumors were resected and transcatheter arterial embolization was added for the residual hepatic tumors. He remained symptom free for another 18 months. However, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, superior vena cava thrombus with superior vena cava syndrome, cardiac and brain metastases developed subsequently. He died of increased intracranial pressure. It is rare for hepatocellular carcinoma to have mediastinal metastases, superior vena cava thrombus and superior vena cava syndrome.
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624
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Seol JG, Heo DS, Kim HK, Yoon JH, Choi BI, Lee HS, Kim NK, Kim CY. Selective gene expression in hepatic tumor with trans-arterial delivery of DNA/liposome/transferrin complex. In Vivo 2000; 14:513-7. [PMID: 10945167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently presented at an advanced stage, only a small portion of patients with HCC can be treated with local modalities. Gene therapy is, therefore, one of the more promising approaches for patients with advanced HCC. To develop a new strategy for targeting gene delivery to the hepatic tumor, the efficiency of the transarterial delivery of liposome-DNA complex was evaluated in VX2 carcinoma implanted into the liver of rabbits. A mixture of pSV-beta galactosidase plasmid (40 micrograms), lipofectin (80 microliters), and transferrin (852 micrograms), the optimal proportion of which determined in vitro, was infused via the hepatic artery of a rabbit with VX2 hepatic tumors. The efficiency of trans-arterial gene delivery was compared to that of intra-tumoral injection. Rabbits (5 in each group) were sacrificed 48 hours after gene delivery and hepatic tissues were examined using X-gal staining. beta-galactosidase staining was observed exclusively within the tumor following the trans-arterial gene transfer. In contrast, adjacent peritumoral cells in addition to hepatic tumor cells were transfected by the intra-tumoral injection of transgene. These data indicate that enhanced gene expression in hepatic tumors is possible using trans-arterial delivery of the liposome-DNA complex.
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625
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Kim KH, Lee HS, Kim CD, Chun HJ, Song CW, Um SH, Ryu HS, Hyun JH. Evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function using pure pancreatic juice in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000; 31:51-4. [PMID: 10914777 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200007000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the pancreatic exocrine function in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM), we evaluated the pure pancreatic juice obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in 13 healthy control subjects and 22 patients with type 2 DM who had no evidence of pancreatic disease. Samples of pancreatic juices were collected in six fractions for 30 minutes at 5-minute intervals after an intravenous bolus injection of secretin (0.25 CU/kg) and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK) (40 ng/kg). The responses of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide to intravenous administration of glucose (50%, 40 mL) were measured. The levels of plasma insulin and C-peptide levels in type 2 DM were the same as in healthy controls in the basal state but did not further increase in response to an intravenous glucose. This suggested that patients with type 2 DM had insulin secretion defect rather than insulin deficiency. Pancreatic secretions including volume, bicarbonate, and protein output in response to stimulation with secretin, and CCK were significantly reduced when compared to the healthy controls. We conclude that patients with type 2 DM exhibit impairment of pancreatic exocrine secretion and that this impairment might not be related to insulin deficiency. Therefore, we recommended that careful evaluation for exocrine pancreatic function in type 2 diabetics who have any clinically suspicious symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency.
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