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Xue C, Jamal R, Abdiryim T, Liu X, Liu F, Xu F, Cheng Q, Tang X, Fan N. An ionic liquid-modified PEDOT/Ti 3C 2T X based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for pico-molar sensitive detection of L-Tryptophan in milk. Food Chem 2024; 449:139114. [PMID: 38581782 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
L-Tryptophan (L-Trp) is essential for the human body and can only be obtained externally. It is important to develop a method to efficiently detect L-Trp in food. In this work, ionic liquid (IL) modified poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene)/ Titanium carbide (PEDOT/Ti3C2TX) was used as a substrate material to improve detection sensitivity. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) film for specific recognition of L-Trp was fabricated on the surface of modified electrodes using electrochemical polymerization. The monitoring results showed that the molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors (MIECS) exhibited good linearity ranges (10-6 - 0.1 μM and 0.1-100 μM) with a low detection limit (LOD) of 2.09 × 10-7 μM. In addition, the MIECS exhibited remarkable stability, reproducibility, and immunity to interference. A good recovery (93.54-99.59%) was demonstrated in the detection of milk. The sensor was expected to be developed as a highly selective and sensitive portable assay, and applied to the detection of L-Trp in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ruxangul Jamal
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Tursun Abdiryim
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xinsheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Nana Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, Xinjiang, PR China
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Li WZ, Song ZL, Li JL, Yu JH, Deng DJ, Cai XQ, J T Reaney M, Cai ZZ, Wang Y. Stability of tryptophan-containing LOs in flaxseed oil and their response towards γ-tocopherol. Food Chem 2024; 448:139026. [PMID: 38531298 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Linusorbs (LOs), significantly influence oil quality and sensory properties of flaxseed oil. Trp-containing LOs exhibit distinct oxidative behavior when γ-tocopherol (γ-T) is present. Polar fractions of crude flaxseed oil were stripped via silica absorption, and reintroduced (LO and γ-T) separately into the oil matrix to investigate their interaction during storage. Compared with crude oil, LOs account for 18.49% reduction of p-anisidine value, while LOs with γ-T contributed to most of the endogenous antioxidant effect in crude oil. γ-T was found to suppress oxidation of Trp-containing LO at early stage (Met form), while facilitate oxidation while at their mid-stage (MetO form, Methionine sulfoxide). In vitro oxidation shows that CLD more likely cleaved into peptide fragments, while few products retain intact ring structures. LC-MS/MS analysis and silicon simulation revealed proximity between MetO and Trp residues, facilitating inter- or intra-molecular reactions and ring structure rupture. Remarkably, the presence of γ-T facilitate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zhen Li
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi-Liang Song
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun-le Li
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yu
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Du-Jian Deng
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Zi-Zhe Cai
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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3
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Chen XP, Hsu FC, Huang KY, Hsieh TS, Farn SS, Sheu RJ, Yu CS. Fluorine-18 labeling PEGylated 6-boronotryptophan for PET scanning of mice for assessing the pharmacokinetics for boron neutron capture therapy of brain tumors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 105:129744. [PMID: 38614152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Two tryptophan compound classes 5- and 6-borono PEGylated boronotryptophan derivatives have been prepared for assessing their aqueous solubility as formulation of injections for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The PEGylation has improved their aqueous solubility thereby increasing their test concentration in 1 mM without suffering from toxicity. In-vitro uptake assay of PEGylated 5- and 6-boronotryptophan showed that the B-10 concentration can reach 15-50 ppm in U87 cell whereas the uptake in LN229 cell varies. Shorter PEG compound 6-boronotryptophanPEG200[18F] was obtained in 1.7 % radiochemical yield and the PET-derived radioradioactivity percentage in 18 % was taken up by U87 tumor at the limb of xenograft mouse. As high as tumor to normal uptake ratio in 170 (T/N) was obtained while an inferior radioactivity uptake of 3 % and T/N of 8 was observed in LN229 xenografted mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Fu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kwei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Teng-San Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Shiow Farn
- Department of Isotope Application Research, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325207, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jiun Sheu
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Vasti C, Marengo-Viada C, Giacomelli CE, Rojas R. Fluorescence study of the interaction between albumin and layered double hydroxides. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110974. [PMID: 38522563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides nanoparticles (LDH-NP) are increasingly studied for biomedical applications. Nevertheless, their interaction with biomolecules such as proteins needs further exploration for an effective application. In this work, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on LDH-NP and the conformation changes of the protein upon adsorption were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy. First, the quenching of tryptophan residues of BSA by chloride-intercalated LDH-NP was explored and the BSA adsorption capacity of LDH-NP were determined. Then, the structural conformation of the protein was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy (including synchronous, polarization and quenching studies) at different surface coverages. Finally, the proclivity of adsorbed BSA molecules to assemble as amyloid fibril was evaluated. Due to the positive charging and low curvature of LDH-NP, BSA molecules were strongly adsorbed, which produced a quenching of the protein fluorescence and a large adsorption capacity. The effect on BSA conformation was dependent on surface coverage (SC): at low values ,t he tryptophan residues were in more hydrophobic environments and more accessible to quenchers than al high ones. At low SC, there is space between the BSA molecules to spread on the surface, which led to a conformation change. Contrarily, the native conformation around tryptophan residues of BSA was preserved at high SC due to the tight packing of the adsorbed protein molecules. As a result, BSA molecules are stabilized against the formation of amyloid fibrils at high SC, while at low SC they present a similar fibrillation than free BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vasti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Corina Marengo-Viada
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla E Giacomelli
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina.
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5
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Igwe CL, Müller DF, Gisperg F, Pauk JN, Kierein M, Elshazly M, Klausser R, Kopp J, Spadiut O, Přáda Brichtová E. Online monitoring of protein refolding in inclusion body processing using intrinsic fluorescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3019-3032. [PMID: 38573344 PMCID: PMC11045631 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates formed as a result of overexpression of recombinant protein in E. coli. The formation of IBs is a valuable strategy of recombinant protein production despite the need for additional processing steps, i.e., isolation, solubilization and refolding. Industrial process development of protein refolding is a labor-intensive task based largely on empirical approaches rather than knowledge-driven strategies. A prerequisite for knowledge-driven process development is a reliable monitoring strategy. This work explores the potential of intrinsic tryptophan and tyrosine fluorescence for real-time and in situ monitoring of protein refolding. In contrast to commonly established process analytical technology (PAT), this technique showed high sensitivity with reproducible measurements for protein concentrations down to 0.01 g L- 1 . The change of protein conformation during refolding is reflected as a shift in the position of the maxima of the tryptophan and tyrosine fluorescence spectra as well as change in the signal intensity. The shift in the peak position, expressed as average emission wavelength of a spectrum, was correlated to the amount of folding intermediates whereas the intensity integral correlates to the extent of aggregation. These correlations were implemented as an observation function into a mechanistic model. The versatility and transferability of the technique were demonstrated on the refolding of three different proteins with varying structural complexity. The technique was also successfully applied to detect the effect of additives and process mode on the refolding process efficiency. Thus, the methodology presented poses a generic and reliable PAT tool enabling real-time process monitoring of protein refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Linda Igwe
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Hafenstraße 47-51, Linz, 4020, Austria
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Don Fabian Müller
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Florian Gisperg
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Body Processing 4.0, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Jan Niklas Pauk
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Hafenstraße 47-51, Linz, 4020, Austria
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Matthias Kierein
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Mohamed Elshazly
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Body Processing 4.0, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Robert Klausser
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Body Processing 4.0, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Julian Kopp
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Body Processing 4.0, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Body Processing 4.0, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Eva Přáda Brichtová
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Body Processing 4.0, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1A, Vienna, 1060, Austria.
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6
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Li B, Ouyang X, Liu Y, Ba Z, Yang Y, Zhang J, Yang P, Yang T, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Mao W, Zhong C, Liu H, Zhang Y, Gou S, Ni J. Novel β-Hairpin Antimicrobial Peptide Containing the β-Turn Sequence of -NG- and the Tryptophan Zippers Facilitate Self-Assembly into Nanofibers, Exhibiting Excellent Antimicrobial Performance. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6365-6383. [PMID: 38436574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising agents to combat the antibiotic resistance crisis due to their rapid bactericidal activity and low propensity for drug resistance. However, AMPs face challenges in terms of balancing enhanced antimicrobial efficacy with increased toxicity during modification processes. In this study, de novo d-type β-hairpin AMPs are designed. The conformational transformation of self-assembling peptide W-4 in the environment of the bacterial membrane and the erythrocyte membrane affected its antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity and finally showed a high antibacterial effect and low toxicity. Furthermore, W-4 displays remarkable stability, minimal occurrence of drug resistance, and synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. The in vivo studies confirm its high safety and potent wound-healing properties at the sites infected by bacteria. This study substantiates that nanostructured AMPs possess enhanced biocompatibility. These advances reveal the superiority of self-assembled AMPs and contribute to the development of nanoantibacterial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zufang Ba
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yinyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Mao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Sanhu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jingman Ni
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
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7
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Kim YM, Park SC, Yoon Y, Jang MK, Lee JR. Effect of tryptophan position and lysine/arginine substitution in antimicrobial peptides on antifungal action. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149700. [PMID: 38401304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Every year, the overprescription, misuse, and improper disposal of antibiotics have led to the rampant development of drug-resistant pathogens and, in turn, a significant increase in the number of patients who die of drug-resistant fungal infections. Recently, researchers have begun investigating the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as next-generation antifungal agents to inhibit the growth of drug-resistant fungi. The antifungal activity of alpha-helical peptides designed using the cationic amino acids containing lysine and arginine and the hydrophobic amino acids containing isoleucine and tryptophan were evaluated using 10 yeast and mold fungi. Among these peptides, WIK-14, which is composed of a 14-mer with tryptophan sequences at the amino terminus, showed the best antifungal activity via transient pore formation and ROS generation. In addition, the in vivo antifungal effects of WIK-14 were investigated in a mouse model infected with drug-resistant Candida albicans. The results demonstrate the potential of AMPs as antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsang Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ro Lee
- National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, 33657, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kundu S, Maji MS. Solution-Phase Late-Stage Chemoselective Photocatalytic Removal of Sulfonyl and Phenacyl Groups in Peptides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400033. [PMID: 38345998 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, BPC catalyzed visible-light-triggered target-specific late-stage solution phase desulfonylation from tryptophan in oligopeptides is portrayed by overcoming the isolation issue up to octamers. This robust and mild method is highly predictable and chemoselective, tolerating myriad of functional groups in aza-heteroaromatics and peptides. Interestingly, reductive desulfonylation is also amenable to biologically significant reactive histidine and tyrosine side chains, signifying the versatility of the strategy. Additional efficacy of BPC is demonstrated by solution phase phenacyl deprotection from C-terminal in peptides. Furthermore, excellent catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% and recyclability demonstrate the practical utility and applicability of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
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9
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Guan Q, Zeng P, Zhang Q, Yu L, Wu G, Hong Y, Wang C. Highly sensitive detection of tryptophan based on Schiff base reaction and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 311:123995. [PMID: 38341934 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive method combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and Schiff base reaction was developed for the detection of tryptophan. This method does not require product separation to obtain a significant Raman signal of the derivatized product, and the derivatization reaction can be controlled by experimental parameters such as reaction temperature, time, concentration of derivatization reagent and concentration of sodium nitrite. The characteristic peak of the derivative of tryptophan (1620 cm-1) was selected for quantitative analysis, and the intensity of the characteristic Raman spectrum peak showed a linear relationship with the concentration of tryptophan (10-8-10-4 mol/L) in the range of with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9922. This assay combines surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and Schiff base reaction, which is characterized by high sensitivity and easy operation, and has good application prospects in the detection of tryptophan in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guan
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zeng
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China; Technology Center of Nanchang Customs District, Nanchang 330038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Yu
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Wu
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Hong
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Liu B, Zou X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Xu H, Tang F, Yu H, Xia F, Liu Z, Zhao J, Shi W, Huang W. Site- and Stereoselective Glycomodification of Biomolecules through Carbohydrate-Promoted Pictet-Spengler Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401394. [PMID: 38396356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play pivotal roles in an array of essential biological processes and are consequently involved in many diseases. To meet the needs of glycobiology research, chemical enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods have been developed to generate glycoconjugates with well-defined structures. Herein, harnessing the unique properties of C6-oxidized glycans, we report a straightforward and robust strategy for site- and stereoselective glycomodification of biomolecules with N-terminal tryptophan residues by a carbohydrate-promoted Pictet-Spengler reaction, which is not adapted to typical aldehyde substrates under biocompatible conditions. This method reliably delivers highly homogeneous glycoconjugates with stable linkages and thus has great potential for functional modulation of peptides and proteins in glycobiology research. Moreover, this reaction can be performed at the glycosites of glycopeptides, glycoproteins and living-cell surfaces in a site-specific manner. Control experiments indicated that the protected α-O atom of aldehyde donors and free N-H bond of the tryptamine motif are crucial for this reaction. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that the reaction exhibited a first-order dependence on both tryptophan and glycan, and deprotonation/rearomatization of the pentahydro-β-carbolinium ion intermediate might be the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiangman Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Shenzhen HUASUAN Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.555 Zuchongzhi Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China
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11
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Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Turski W, Silska G, Rakicka-Pustułka M, Dymińska L, Rymowicz W. Determination of Bioactive Compound Kynurenic Acid in Linum usitatissimum L. Molecules 2024; 29:1702. [PMID: 38675522 PMCID: PMC11051930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a bioactive compound exhibiting multiple actions and positive effects on human health due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. KYNA has been found to have a beneficial effect on wound healing and the prevention of scarring. Despite notable progress in the research focused on KYNA observed during the last 10 years, KYNA's presence in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has not been proven to date. In the present study, parts of flax plants were analysed for KYNA synthesis. Moreover, eight different cultivars of flax seeds were tested for the presence of KYNA, resulting in a maximum of 0.432 µg/g FW in the seeds of the cultivar Jan. The level of KYNA was also tested in the stems and roots of two selected flax cultivars: an oily cultivar (Linola) and a fibrous cultivar (Nike). The exposure of plants to the KYNA precursors tryptophan and kynurenine resulted in higher levels of KYNA accumulation in flax shoots and roots. Thus, the obtained results indicate that KYNA might be synthesized in flax. The highest amount of KYNA (295.9 µg/g dry weight [DW]) was detected in flax roots derived from plants grown in tissue cultures supplemented with tryptophan. A spectroscopic analysis of KYNA was performed using the FTIR/ATR method. It was found that, in tested samples, the characteristic KYNA vibration bands overlap with the bands corresponding to the vibrations of biopolymers (especially pectin and cellulose) present in flax plants and fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wróbel-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland (W.R.)
| | - Waldemar Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Silska
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland (W.R.)
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Rymowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland (W.R.)
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12
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Schroeder L, Diepold N, Gäfe S, Niemann HH, Kottke T. Coupling and regulation mechanisms of the flavin-dependent halogenase PyrH observed by infrared difference spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107210. [PMID: 38519030 PMCID: PMC11021962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavin-dependent halogenases are central enzymes in the production of halogenated secondary metabolites in various organisms and they constitute highly promising biocatalysts for regioselective halogenation. The mechanism of these monooxygenases includes formation of hypohalous acid from a reaction of fully reduced flavin with oxygen and halide. The hypohalous acid then diffuses via a tunnel to the substrate-binding site for halogenation of tryptophan and other substrates. Oxidized flavin needs to be reduced for regeneration of the enzyme, which can be performed in vitro by a photoreduction with blue light. Here, we employed this photoreduction to study characteristic structural changes associated with the transition from oxidized to fully reduced flavin in PyrH from Streptomyces rugosporus as a model for tryptophan-5-halogenases. The effect of the presence of bromide and chloride or the absence of any halides on the UV-vis spectrum of the enzyme demonstrated a halide-dependent structure of the flavin-binding pocket. Light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy was applied and the signals assigned by selective isotope labeling of the protein moiety. The identified structural changes in α-helix and β-sheet elements were strongly dependent on the presence of bromide, chloride, the substrate tryptophan, and the product 5-chloro-tryptophan, respectively. We identified a clear allosteric coupling in solution at ambient conditions between cofactor-binding site and substrate-binding site that is active in both directions, despite their separation by a tunnel. We suggest that this coupling constitutes a fine-tuned mechanism for the promotion of the enzymatic reaction of flavin-dependent halogenases in dependence of halide and substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schroeder
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Diepold
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Gäfe
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Niemann
- Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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13
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Cellini A, Shankar MK, Nimmrich A, Hunt LA, Monrroy L, Mutisya J, Furrer A, Beale EV, Carrillo M, Malla TN, Maj P, Vrhovac L, Dworkowski F, Cirelli C, Johnson PJM, Ozerov D, Stojković EA, Hammarström L, Bacellar C, Standfuss J, Maj M, Schmidt M, Weinert T, Ihalainen JA, Wahlgren WY, Westenhoff S. Directed ultrafast conformational changes accompany electron transfer in a photolyase as resolved by serial crystallography. Nat Chem 2024; 16:624-632. [PMID: 38225270 PMCID: PMC10997514 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Charge-transfer reactions in proteins are important for life, such as in photolyases which repair DNA, but the role of structural dynamics remains unclear. Here, using femtosecond X-ray crystallography, we report the structural changes that take place while electrons transfer along a chain of four conserved tryptophans in the Drosophila melanogaster (6-4) photolyase. At femto- and picosecond delays, photoreduction of the flavin by the first tryptophan causes directed structural responses at a key asparagine, at a conserved salt bridge, and by rearrangements of nearby water molecules. We detect charge-induced structural changes close to the second tryptophan from 1 ps to 20 ps, identifying a nearby methionine as an active participant in the redox chain, and from 20 ps around the fourth tryptophan. The photolyase undergoes highly directed and carefully timed adaptations of its structure. This questions the validity of the linear solvent response approximation in Marcus theory and indicates that evolution has optimized fast protein fluctuations for optimal charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cellini
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madan Kumar Shankar
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amke Nimmrich
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leigh Anna Hunt
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Monrroy
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Mutisya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Tek Narsingh Malla
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Piotr Maj
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lidija Vrhovac
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Emina A Stojković
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michał Maj
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Janne A Ihalainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Weixiao Yuan Wahlgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and the Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Westenhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Bagheri N, Chen H, Rabasovic M, Widengren J. Non-fluorescent transient states of tyrosine as a basis for label-free protein conformation and interaction studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6464. [PMID: 38499633 PMCID: PMC10948778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine have been extensively used for different label-free protein studies, based on the intensity, lifetime, wavelength and/or polarization of their emitted fluorescence. Similar to most fluorescent organic molecules, these amino acids can undergo transitions into dark meta-stable states, such as triplet and photo-radical states. On the one hand, these transitions limit the fluorescence signal, but they are also highly environment-sensitive and can offer an additional set of parameters, reflecting interactions, folding states, and immediate environments around the proteins. In this work, by analyzing the average intensity of tyrosine emission under different excitation modulations with the transient state monitoring (TRAST) technique, we explored the photo physics of tyrosine as a basis for such environment-sensitive readouts. From how the dark state transitions of tyrosine varied with excitation intensity and solvent conditions we first established a photophysical model for tyrosine. Next, we studied Calmodulin (containing two tyrosines), and how its conformation is changed upon calcium binding. From these TRAST experiments, performed with 280 nm time-modulated excitation, we show that tyrosine dark state transitions clearly change with the calmodulin conformation, and may thus represent a useful source of information for (label-free) analyses of protein conformations and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Bagheri
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mihailo Rabasovic
- Laboratory for Biophysics, Institute of Physics Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Zemun-Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Wu T, Liao J, Xiang F, Yu J, Huo Y, Gao Y, Li H, Zheng W. Probing cell metabolism using the two-photon excitation autofluorescence lifetime of tryptophan. Opt Lett 2024; 49:1105-1108. [PMID: 38426949 DOI: 10.1364/ol.511947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Compared to intensity detection, fluorescence lifetime has the advantage of being unaffected by variations in excitation intensity, fluorophore concentration, or attenuation due to biological absorption and scattering. In this Letter, to the best of our knowledge, we present the use of the two-photon excitation autofluorescence lifetime imaging of tryptophan (TRP) to probe cell metabolism for the first time. Tests of pure chemical samples showed that the fluorescence lifetime of TRP was highly sensitive to changes in molecular conformation and the environment. In in vitro cell experiments, we successfully utilized the fluorescence lifetime of TRP to distinguish tumor cells from healthy cells, track the therapeutic effect of the tumor immunotherapy drug 1-MT for HeLa cells, and monitor cells in response to carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced cell apoptosis. These results reveal that the two-photon excitation autofluorescence lifetime of TRP could be a sensitive natural probe of cell metabolism in living cells.
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16
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Straus SK. Tryptophan- and arginine-rich antimicrobial peptides: Anti-infectives with great potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2024; 1866:184260. [PMID: 38113954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, there is a need to design synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are effective and selective for bacteria, i.e. non-toxic to mammalian cells. One design strategy, namely the use of tryptophan- and arginine-rich AMPs, is rooted in the study of natural AMPs that are composed mainly of these amino acids, such as lactoferricin, tritrpticin, and puroindoline. A number of important studies on these AMPs by the Vogel group are reviewed here. More recent work on W-/R-rich peptides is also presented. The examples show that these peptides represent anti-infectives with great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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17
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Chretien A, Nagel MF, Botha S, de Wijn R, Brings L, Dörner K, Han H, Koliyadu JCP, Letrun R, Round A, Sato T, Schmidt C, Secareanu RC, von Stetten D, Vakili M, Wrona A, Bean R, Mancuso A, Schulz J, Pearson AR, Kottke T, Lorenzen K, Schubert R. Light-induced Trp in/Met out Switching During BLUF Domain Activation in ATP-bound Photoactivatable Adenylate Cyclase OaPAC. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168439. [PMID: 38185322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The understanding of signal transduction mechanisms in photoreceptor proteins is essential for elucidating how living organisms respond to light as environmental stimuli. In this study, we investigated the ATP binding, photoactivation and signal transduction process in the photoactivatable adenylate cyclase from Oscillatoria acuminata (OaPAC) upon blue light excitation. Structural models with ATP bound in the active site of native OaPAC at cryogenic as well as room temperature are presented. ATP is found in one conformation at cryogenic- and in two conformations at ambient-temperature, and is bound in an energetically unfavorable conformation for the conversion to cAMP. However, FTIR spectroscopic experiments confirm that this conformation is the native binding mode in dark state OaPAC and that transition to a productive conformation for ATP turnover only occurs after light activation. A combination of time-resolved crystallography experiments at synchrotron and X-ray Free Electron Lasers sheds light on the early events around the Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) chromophore in the light-sensitive BLUF domain of OaPAC. Early changes involve the highly conserved amino acids Tyr6, Gln48 and Met92. Crucially, the Gln48 side chain performs a 180° rotation during activation, leading to the stabilization of the FAD chromophore. Cryo-trapping experiments allowed us to investigate a late light-activated state of the reaction and revealed significant conformational changes in the BLUF domain around the FAD chromophore. In particular, a Trpin/Metout transition upon illumination is observed for the first time in the BLUF domain and its role in signal transmission via α-helix 3 and 4 in the linker region between sensor and effector domain is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Chretien
- European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius F Nagel
- Department of Chemistry and Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sabine Botha
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA; Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David von Stetten
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arwen R Pearson
- Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Department of Chemistry and Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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18
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Wang B, Xu JZ, Liu S, Rao ZM, Zhang WG. Engineering of human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 for efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129484. [PMID: 38242416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
L-Tryptophan hydroxylation catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) presents a promising method for synthesizing 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), yet the limited activity of wild-type human TPH2 restricts its application. A high-activity mutant, MT10 (H318E/H323E), was developed through semi-rational active site saturation testing (CAST) of wild-type TPH2, exhibiting a 2.85-fold increase in kcat/Km over the wild type, thus enhancing catalytic efficiency. Two biotransformation systems were developed, including an in vitro one-pot system and a Whole-Cell Catalysis System (WCCS). In the WCCS, MT10 achieved a conversion rate of only 31.5 % within 32 h. In the one-pot reaction, MT10 converted 50 mM L-tryptophan to 44.5 mM 5-HTP within 8 h, achieving an 89 % conversion rate, outperforming the M1 (NΔ143/CΔ26) variant. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated enhanced interactions of MT10 with the substrate, suggesting improved binding affinity and system stability. This study offers an effective approach for the efficient production of 5-HTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingBing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Banerjee S, Naresh M, Swamy MJ. Effect of temperature and pH on the structure and stability of tumor-specific lectin jacalin and insights into the location of its tryptophan residues: CD, DSC and fluorescence studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129451. [PMID: 38232886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Jacalin, the jackfruit seed lectin, exhibits high specificity for the tumor-specific T-antigen and is used in various biomedical and biotechnological applications. Here, we report biophysical studies on the thermal unfolding of jacalin and the effect of pH and temperature on its secondary structure. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies revealed that native jacalin unfolds at ∼60 °C and that carbohydrate binding stabilizes the protein structure. Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies indicated that the secondary structure of jacalin remains mostly unaffected over pH 2.0-9.0, whereas considerable changes were observed in the tertiary structure. DSC experiments demonstrated that jacalin exhibits two overlapping transitions between pH 2 and 5, which could be attributed to dissociation of the tetrameric protein into subunits and their unfolding. Interestingly, only one transition between pH 6 and 9 was observed, suggesting that the subunit dissociation and unfolding occur simultaneously. While quenching of the protein intrinsic fluorescence by acrylamide increased significantly upon carbohydrate binding, quenching by succinimide is essentially unaffected. We attribute this difference to increased exposure of Trp-123 in the α-chain as it is involved in carbohydrate binding. Both acrylamide and succinimide gave biphasic Stern-Volmer plots, consistent with differential accessibility of the two tryptophan residues of jacalin to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Banerjee
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Madarapu Naresh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Musti J Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
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20
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Blain-Hartung M, Johannes von Sass G, Plaickner J, Katz S, Tu Hoang O, Andrea Mroginski M, Esser N, Budisa N, Forest KT, Hildebrandt P. On the Role of a Conserved Tryptophan in the Chromophore Pocket of Cyanobacteriochrome. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168227. [PMID: 37544357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacteriochrome Slr1393 can be photoconverted between a red (Pr) and green absorbing form (Pg). The recently determined crystal structures of both states suggest a major movement of Trp496 from a stacking interaction with ring D of the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore in Pr to a position outside the chromophore pocket in Pg. Here, we investigated the role of this amino acid during photoconversion in solution using engineered protein variants in which Trp496 was substituted by natural and non-natural amino acids. These variants and the native protein were studied by various spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, IR, NIR and UV resonance Raman) complemented by theoretical approaches. Trp496 is shown to affect the electronic transition of PCB and to be essential for the thermal equilibrium between Pr and an intermediate state O600. However, Trp496 is not required to stabilize the tilted orientation of ring D in Pr, and does not play a role in the secondary structure changes of Slr1393 during the Pr/Pg transition. The present results confirm the re-orientation of Trp496 upon Pr → Pg conversion, but do not provide evidence of a major change in the microenvironment of this residue. Structural models indicate the penetration of water molecules into the chromophore pocket in both Pr and Pg states and thus water-Trp contacts, which can readily account for the subtle spectral changes between Pr and Pg. Thus, we conclude that reorientation of Trp496 during the Pr-to-Pg photoconversion in solution is not associated with a major change in the dielectric environment in the two states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Blain-Hartung
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Johannes von Sass
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. CL1, Müller-Breslau-Str.10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Plaickner
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Sekr. EW 6-1, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sagie Katz
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oanh Tu Hoang
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Esser
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Sekr. EW 6-1, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. CL1, Müller-Breslau-Str.10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, 360 Parker Building, R3T 2N2 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katrina T Forest
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Xie X, Moon PJ, Crossley SWM, Bischoff AJ, He D, Li G, Dao N, Gonzalez-Valero A, Reeves AG, McKenna JM, Elledge SK, Wells JA, Toste FD, Chang CJ. Oxidative cyclization reagents reveal tryptophan cation-π interactions. Nature 2024; 627:680-687. [PMID: 38448587 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Methods for selective covalent modification of amino acids on proteins can enable a diverse array of applications, spanning probes and modulators of protein function to proteomics1-3. Owing to their high nucleophilicity, cysteine and lysine residues are the most common points of attachment for protein bioconjugation chemistry through acid-base reactivity3,4. Here we report a redox-based strategy for bioconjugation of tryptophan, the rarest amino acid, using oxaziridine reagents that mimic oxidative cyclization reactions in indole-based alkaloid biosynthetic pathways to achieve highly efficient and specific tryptophan labelling. We establish the broad use of this method, termed tryptophan chemical ligation by cyclization (Trp-CLiC), for selectively appending payloads to tryptophan residues on peptides and proteins with reaction rates that rival traditional click reactions and enabling global profiling of hyper-reactive tryptophan sites across whole proteomes. Notably, these reagents reveal a systematic map of tryptophan residues that participate in cation-π interactions, including functional sites that can regulate protein-mediated phase-separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J Moon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Bischoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Dan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nam Dao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Audrey G Reeves
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Susanna K Elledge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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22
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Mukherjee P, Mukhopadhyay TK, Mukherjee M, Roy P, Ghosh R, Sardar PS, Ghosh S. Triplet state spectroscopy reveals involvement of the buried tryptophan residue 310 in Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) in the interaction with acrylamide. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 307:123622. [PMID: 37956485 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Using conventional steady state and time resolved fluorescence study of the interaction between a multi-tryptophan protein and a quencher, it is difficult, if not impossible to identify the particular tryptophan residue/residues involved in the interaction. In this work we have exemplified the above contention using a multi-tryptophan protein, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) from rabbit muscle having three tryptophan (Trp) residues at positions 84, 193 and 310 and a neutral quencher acrylamide in Tris buffer of pH 7.5. From the steady state and time resolved fluorescence quenching (at 298 K) with acrylamide Ksv, K and kq for the system have been calculated. Low temperature phosphorescence (LTP) spectra at 77 K of GAPD in suitable cryosolvent is known to exhibit two (0,0) bands corresponding to two tryptophan residues 193 and 310. Using the LTP study of free GAPD and GAPD - acrylamide it is possible to identify that the buried Trp 310 residue is specifically involved in the interaction with acrylamide. This is possible without doing any site-directed mutagenesis of GAPD which contains Trp residues at 84, 193 and 310. Tyrosine 320 is also specifically quenched. The results have been corroborated using the molecular docking studies. Molecular Dynamics simulation supports our contention of the involvement of Trp 310 and also shows that the other nearest residues of acrylamide are Val175 and Val232.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Titas Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Manini Mukherjee
- Chemical Division, State Unit: Karnataka and Goa, Geological Survey of India, Bangalore 560111, India
| | - Pritam Roy
- Molecular Bacteriology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College, Kolkata 700016, India
| | - Pinki Saha Sardar
- Department of Chemistry, The Bhawanipur Education Society College, Kolkata 700020, India
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Adamas University, Barasat, West Bengal, India.
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23
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Miyata A, Ito S, Fujinami D. Structure Prediction and Genome Mining-Aided Discovery of the Bacterial C-Terminal Tryptophan Prenyltransferase PalQ. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307372. [PMID: 38059776 PMCID: PMC10853753 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational prenylations, found in eukaryotic primary metabolites and bacterial secondary metabolites, play crucial roles in biomolecular interactions. Employing genome mining methods combined with AlphaFold2-based predictions of protein interactions, PalQ , a prenyltransferase responsible for the tryptophan prenylation of RiPPs produced by Paenibacillus alvei, is identified. PalQ differs from cyanobactin prenyltransferases because of its evolutionary relationship to isoprene synthases, which enables PalQ to transfer extended prenyl chains to the indole C3 position. This prenylation introduces structural diversity to the tryptophan side chain and also leads to conformational dynamics in the peptide backbone, attributed to the cis/trans isomerization that arises from the formation of a pyrrolidine ring. Additionally, PalQ exhibited pronounced positional selectivity for the C-terminal tryptophan. Such enzymatic characteristics offer a toolkit for peptide therapeutic lipidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Miyata
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Shizuoka52‐1 Yada, Suruga‐kuShizuoka422‐8526Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Shizuoka52‐1 Yada, Suruga‐kuShizuoka422‐8526Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujinami
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Shizuoka52‐1 Yada, Suruga‐kuShizuoka422‐8526Japan
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24
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Montua N, Thye P, Hartwig P, Kühle M, Sewald N. Enzymatic Peptide and Protein Bromination: The BromoTrp Tag. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314961. [PMID: 38009455 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Bio-orthogonal reactions for modification of proteins and unprotected peptides are of high value in chemical biology. The combination of enzymatic halogenation with transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling provides a feasible approach for the modification of proteins and unprotected peptides. By a semirational protein engineering approach, variants of the tryptophan 6-halogenase Thal were identified that enable efficient bromination of peptides with a C-terminal tryptophan residue. The substrate scope was explored using di-, tri-, and tetrapeptide arrays, leading to the identification of an optimized peptide tag we named BromoTrp tag. This tag was introduced into three model proteins. Preparative scale post-translational bromination was possible with only a single cultivation and purification step using the brominating E. coli coexpression system Brocoli. Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the bromoarene was achieved with Pd nanoparticle catalysts at 37 °C, highlighting the rich potential of this strategy for bio-orthogonal functionalization and conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Montua
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Paula Thye
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pia Hartwig
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Kühle
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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25
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Foralosso R, Kopiasz RJ, Alexander C, Mantovani G, Stolnik S. Synthetic macromolecular peptide-mimetics with amino acid substructure residues as protein stabilising excipients. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1022-1030. [PMID: 38205916 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02102e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of protein and peptide biotherapeutics requires fabrication of stable products. This particularly concerns stability towards aggregation of proteins or peptides. Here, we tested a hypothesis that interactions between a synthetic peptide, which is an aggregation-prone region analogue, and its homologous sequence on a protein of interest, could be exploited to design excipients which stabilise the protein against aggregation. A peptide containing the analogue of lysozyme aggregation-prone region (GILQINSRW) was conjugated to a RAFT agent and used to initiate the polymerisation of N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide, generating a GILQINSRW-HEA90 polymer, which profoundly reduced lysozyme aggregation. Substitution of tryptophan in GILQINSRW with glycine, to form GILQINSRG, revealed that tryptophan is a critical amino acid in the protein stabilisation by GILQINSRW-HEA90. Accordingly, polymeric peptide-mimetics of tryptophan, phenylalanine and isoleucine, which are often present in aggregation-prone regions, were synthesized. These were based on synthetic oligomers of acrylamide derivatives of indole-3 acetic acid (IND), phenylacetic acid (PHEN), or 2-methyl butyric acid (MBA), respectively, conjugated with hydrophilic poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) blocks to form amphiphilic copolymers denoted as INDm-, PHENm- and MTBm-b-HEAn. These materials were tested as protein stabilisers and it was shown that solution properties and the abilities of these materials to stabilise insulin and the peptide IDR 1018 towards aggregation are dependent on the chemical nature of their side groups. These data suggest a structure-activity relationship, whereby the indole-based INDm-b-HEAn peptide-mimetic displays properties of a potential stabilising excipient for protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafał Jerzy Kopiasz
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, NG7 2RD, UK.
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3 St., 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Snow Stolnik
- University of Nottingham, School of Pharmacy, NG7 2RD, UK.
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26
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Balasco N, Altamura D, Scognamiglio PL, Sibillano T, Giannini C, Morelli G, Vitagliano L, Accardo A, Diaferia C. Self-Assembled Materials Based on Fully Aromatic Peptides: The Impact of Tryptophan, Tyrosine, and Dopa Residues. Langmuir 2024; 40:1470-1486. [PMID: 38174846 PMCID: PMC10795196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Peptides are able to self-organize in structural elements including cross-β structures. Taking advantage of this tendency, in the last decades, peptides have been scrutinized as molecular elements for the development of multivalent supramolecular architectures. In this context, different classes of peptides, also with completely aromatic sequences, were proposed. Our previous studies highlighted that the (FY)3 peptide, which alternates hydrophobic phenylalanine and more hydrophilic tyrosine residues, is able to self-assemble, thanks to the formation of both polar and apolar interfaces. It was observed that the replacement of Phe and Tyr residues with other noncoded aromatic amino acids like 2-naphthylalanine (Nal) and Dopa affects the interactions among peptides with consequences on the supramolecular organization. Herein, we have investigated the self-assembling behavior of two novel (FY)3 analogues with Trp and Dopa residues in place of the Phe and Tyr ones, respectively. Additionally, PEGylation of the N-terminus was analyzed too. The supramolecular organization, morphology, and capability to gel were evaluated using complementary techniques, including fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Structural periodicities along and perpendicular to the fiber axis were detected by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. Finally, molecular dynamics studies provided interesting insights into the atomic structure of the cross-β that constitutes the basic motif of the assemblies formed by these novel peptide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Balasco
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Institute
of Crystallography (IC), CNR, Via Amendola 122, Bari 70126, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Sibillano
- Institute
of Crystallography (IC), CNR, Via Amendola 122, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Institute
of Crystallography (IC), CNR, Via Amendola 122, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department
of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides “Carlo
Pedone”, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Via Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute
of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), CNR, Via Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department
of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides “Carlo
Pedone”, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Via Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department
of Pharmacy and CIRPeB, Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides “Carlo
Pedone”, University of Naples “Federico
II”, Via Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
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27
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Melčák M, Šebesta F, Heyda J, Gray HB, Záliš S, Vlček A. Tryptophan to Tryptophan Hole Hopping in an Azurin Construct. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:96-108. [PMID: 38145895 PMCID: PMC10788906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) between neutral and cationic tryptophan residues in the azurin construct [ReI(H126)(CO)3(dmp)](W124)(W122)CuI (dmp = 4,7-Me2-1,10-phenanthroline) was investigated by Born-Oppenheimer quantum-mechanics/molecular mechanics/molecular dynamics (QM/MM/MD) simulations. We focused on W124•+ ← W122 ET, which is the middle step of the photochemical hole-hopping process *ReII(CO)3(dmp•-) ← W124 ← W122 ← CuI, where sequential hopping amounts to nearly 10,000-fold acceleration over single-step tunneling (ACS Cent. Sci. 2019, 5, 192-200). In accordance with experiments, UKS-DFT QM/MM/MD simulations identified forward and reverse steps of W124•+ ↔ W122 ET equilibrium, as well as back ET ReI(CO)3(dmp•-) → W124•+ that restores *ReII(CO)3(dmp•-). Strong electronic coupling between the two indoles (≥40 meV in the crossing region) makes the productive W124•+ ← W122 ET adiabatic. Energies of the two redox states are driven to degeneracy by fluctuations of the electrostatic potential at the two indoles, mainly caused by water solvation, with contributions from the protein dynamics in the W122 vicinity. ET probability depends on the orientation of Re(CO)3(dmp) relative to W124 and its rotation diminishes the hopping yield. Comparison with hole hopping in natural systems reveals structural and dynamics factors that are important for designing efficient hole-hopping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Melčák
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Šebesta
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Heyda
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman
Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Vlček
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
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28
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Park MY, Kim S, Kwon NH, Moon G, Cha J, Kwon I. Enhanced anti-tumor activity of arginine decarboxylase through the incorporation of aromatic amino acids at the multimer-forming interface. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300453. [PMID: 37899497 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The pressing challenge of cancer's high mortality and invasiveness demands improved therapeutic approaches. Targeting the nutrient dependencies within cancer cells has emerged as a promising approach. This study is dedicated to demonstrating the potential of arginine depletion for cancer treatment. Notably, the focus centers on arginine decarboxylase (RDC), a pH-dependent enzyme expecting enhanced activity within the slightly acidic microenvironments of tumors. To investigate the effect of a single-site mutation on the catalytic efficacy of RDC, diverse amino acids, including glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, p-azido-phenylalanine, and a phenylalanine analog with a hydrogen-substituted tetrazine, were introduced at the crucial threonine site (position 39) in the multimer-forming interface. Remarkably, the introduction of either a natural or a non-natural aromatic amino acid at position 39 substantially boosted enzymatic activity, while amino acids with smaller side chains did not show the same effect. This enhanced enzymatic activity is likely attributed to the reinforced formation of multimer structures through favorable interactions between the introduced aromatic amino acid and the neighboring subunit. Noteworthy, at slightly acidic pH, the RDC variant featuring tryptophan at position 39 demonstrated augmented cytotoxicity against tumor cells compared to the wild-type RDC. This attribute aligns with the tumor microenvironment and positions these variants as potential candidates for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoungkyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Hyun Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Giseok Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Cha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchan Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Wu Y, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Ding H, Ren L, Zhang L, Gong Q, Gu Z, Luo K. Dendritic Nanomedicine with Boronate Bonds for Augmented Chemo-Immunotherapy via Synergistic Modulation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307263. [PMID: 37743633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Unsatisfied tumor accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs and a complicated immunosuppressive microenvironment diminish the immune response rate and the therapeutic effect. Surface modification of these drugs with target ligands can promote their cellular internalization, but the modified drugs may be subjected to unexpected immune recognition and clearance. Herein, a phenylboronic acid (PBA) group-shieldable dendritic nanomedicine that integrates an immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing agent (epirubicin, Epi) and an indoleamine 2,3-dioxgenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor (NLG919) is reported for tumor chemo-immunotherapy. This NLG919-loaded Epi-conjugated PEGylated dendrimers bridged with boronate bonds (NLG919@Epi-DBP) maintains a stable nanostructure during circulation. Under a moderate acidic condition, the PBA group exposes to the sialic acid residue on the tumor cell membrane to enhance the internalization and penetration of NLG919@Epi-DBP. At pH 5.0, NLG919@Epi-DBP rapidly disassembles to release the incorporated Epi and NLG919. Epi triggers robust ICD of tumor cells that evokes strong immune response. In addition, inhibition of the IDO1 activity downregulates the metabolism of L-tryptophan to kynurenine, leading to a reduction in the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells and modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Collectively, this promising strategy has been demonstrated to evoke robust immune response as well as remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment for an enhanced chemo-immunotherapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zaixiang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haitao Ding
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Long Ren
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, and Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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30
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Richaud AD, Mandal S, Das A, Roche SP. Tunable CH/π Interactions within a Tryptophan Zipper Motif to Stabilize the Fold of Long β-Hairpin Peptides. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2555-2563. [PMID: 37976523 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The tryptophan zipper (Trpzip) is an iconic folding motif of β-hairpin peptides capitalizing on two pairs of cross-strand tryptophans, each stabilized by an aromatic-aromatic stacking in an edge-to-face (EtF) geometry. Yet, the origins and the contribution of this EtF packing to the unique Trpzip stability remain poorly understood. To address this question of structure-stability relationship, a library of Trpzip hairpins was developed by incorporating readily accessible nonproteinogenic tryptophans of varying electron densities. We found that each EtF geometry was, in fact, stabilized by an intricate combination of XH/π interactions. By tuning the π-electron density of Trpface rings, CH/π interactions are strengthened to gain additional stability. On the contrary, our DFT calculations support the notion that Trpedge modulations are challenging due to their simultaneous paradoxical engagement as H-bond donors in CH/π and acceptors in NH/π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Richaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Sourav Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Aloke Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Stéphane P Roche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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31
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Delgado JAC, Tian YM, Marcon M, König B, Paixão MW. Side-Selective Solid-Phase Metallaphotoredox N(in)-Arylation of Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26452-26462. [PMID: 37976043 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Postsynthetic diversification of peptides through selective modification of endogenous amino acid side chains has enabled significant advances in peptide drug discovery while expanding the biological and medical chemistry space. However, current tools have been focused on the modification of reactive polar and ionizable side chains, whereas the decoration of aromatic systems (e.g., the N(in) of the tryptophan) has been a long-standing challenge. Here, we introduce metallaphotocatalysis in solid-phase peptide synthesis for the on-resin orthogonal N-arylation of relevant tryptophan-containing peptides. The protocol allows the chemoselective introduction of a new C(sp2)-N bond at the N(in) of tryptophan in biologically active protected peptide sequences in the presence of native redox-sensitive side chains. The fusion of metallaphotocatalysis with solid-phase peptide synthesis opens new perspectives in diversifying native amino acid side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A C Delgado
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michela Marcon
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos─UFSCar, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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32
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Bag R, Sharma NK. Pd-Catalyzed Picolinamide-Directed Late-Stage Chalcogenation of Tryptophan-Containing Peptides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15666-15686. [PMID: 37883335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the Pd-catalyzed late-stage chalcogenation of tryptophan-containing peptides with disulfides/diselenides in moderate to good yields. It comprises broad substrate scope, functional group diversity, late-stage modification of drug molecules, and various valuable synthetic transformations, including room temperature easy removal of the picolinamide auxiliary, which could be applicable to tune the structure and function of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Bag
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni-Campus, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nagendra K Sharma
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni-Campus, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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33
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Uleanya KO, Anstöter CS, Dessent CEH. Photodissociative decay pathways of the flavin mononucleotide anion and its complexes with tryptophan and glutamic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30697-30707. [PMID: 37934009 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is a highly versatile biological chromophore involved in a range of biochemical pathways including blue-light sensing proteins and the control of circadian rhythms. Questions exist about the effect of local amino acids on the electronic properties and photophysics of the chromophore. Using gas-phase anion laser photodissociation spectroscopy, we have measured the intrinsic electronic spectroscopy (3.1-5.7 eV) and accompanying photodissociative decay pathways of the native deprotonated form of FMN, i.e. [FMN-H]- complexed with the amino acids tryptophan (TRP) and glutamic acid (GLU), i.e. [FMN-H]-·TRP and [FMN-H]-·GLU, to investigate the extent to which these amino acids perturb the electronic properties and photodynamics of the [FMN-H]- chromophore. The overall photodepletion profiles of [FMN-H]-·TRP and [FMN-H]-·GLU are similar to that of the monomer, revealing that amino acid complexation occurs without significant spectral shifting of the [FMN-H]- electronic excitations over this region. Both [FMN-H]-·TRP and [FMN-H]-·GLU are observed to decay by non-statistical photodecay pathways, although the behaviour of [FMN-H]-·TRP is closer to statistical fragmentation. Long-lived FMN excited states (triplet) are therefore relatively quenched when TRP binds to [FMN-H]-. Importantly, we find that [FMN-H]-, [FMN-H]-·TRP and [FMN-H]-·GLU all decay predominantly via electron detachment following photoexcitation of the flavin chromophore, with amino acid complexation appearing not to inhibit this decay channel. The strong propensity for electron detachment is attributed to excited-state proton transfer within FMN, with proton transfer from a ribose alcohol to the phosphate preceding electron detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi O Uleanya
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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34
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Park J, Nah Y, Kim WJ. IDO-triggered swellable polymeric micelles for IDO inhibition and targeted cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 363:496-506. [PMID: 37788761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been studied as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. IDO catalyzes the oxidation of tryptophan into kynurenine, which subsequently activates regulatory T cells, thereby promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumor tissue. Due to its overexpression in tumor cells, IDO itself could be a tumor-specific stimulus for targeted cancer therapy. Toward this objective, we developed IDO-triggered swellable micelles for targeted cancer immunotherapy. The micelles are prepared by the self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers containing polymerized tryptophan as a hydrophobic block. The micelles exhibited IDO-responsive behavior via solubility conversion of the hydrophobic core triggered by the oxidation of tryptophan residues into kynurenine. The micelles were internalized into tumor cells and disassembled by overexpressed IDO. Loaded with IDO inhibitor, the micelle presented enhanced therapeutic antitumor effect, and effector T-cells were recruited into the tumor tissue. We demonstrated that overexpressed IDO in cancer cells could be utilized as a tumor-specific stimulus, and utilizing an IDO-responsive drug delivery system holds great promise for targeted cancer therapy and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea.
| | - Yunyoung Nah
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
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35
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Warrender AK, Pan J, Pudney C, Arcus VL, Kelton W. Red edge excitation shift spectroscopy is highly sensitive to tryptophan composition. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230337. [PMID: 37935360 PMCID: PMC10645072 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Red edge excitation shift (REES) spectroscopy relies on the unique emission profiles of fluorophore-solvent interactions to profile protein molecular dynamics. Recently, we reported the use of REES to compare the stability of 32 polymorphic IgG antibodies natively containing tryptophan reporter fluorophores. Here, we expand on this work to investigate the sensitivity of REES to variations in tryptophan content using a subset of IgG3 antibodies containing arginine to tryptophan polymorphisms. Structural analysis revealed that the additional tryptophan residues were situated in highly solvated environments. Subsequently, REES showed clear differences in fluorescence emission profiles when compared with the unmutated variants, thereby limiting direct comparison of their structural dynamics. These findings highlight the exquisite sensitivity of REES to minor variations in protein structure and tryptophan composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolyn Pan
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Chris Pudney
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Vickery L. Arcus
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - William Kelton
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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36
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Kuehl NJ, Taylor MT. Rapid Biomolecular Trifluoromethylation Using Cationic Aromatic Sulfonate Esters as Visible-Light-Triggered Radical Photocages. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22878-22884. [PMID: 37819426 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Described here is a photodecaging approach to radical trifluoromethylation of biomolecules. This was accomplished by designing a quinolinium sulfonate ester that, upon absorption of visible light, achieves decaging via photolysis of the sulfonate ester to ultimately liberate free trifluoromethyl radicals that are trapped by π-nucleophiles in biomolecules. This photodecaging process enables protein and protein-interaction mapping experiments using trifluoromethyl radicals that require only 1 s reaction times and low photocage concentrations. In these experiments, aromatic side chains are labeled in an environmentally dependent fashion, with selectivity observed for tryptophan (Trp), followed by histidine (His) and tyrosine (Tyr). Scalable peptide trifluoromethylation through photodecaging is also demonstrated, where bespoke peptides harboring trifluoromethyl groups at tryptophan residues can be synthesized with 5-7 min reaction times and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Kuehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Michael T Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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37
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Nguyen AK, Molley TG, Kardia E, Ganda S, Chakraborty S, Wong SL, Ruan J, Yee BE, Mata J, Vijayan A, Kumar N, Tilley RD, Waters SA, Kilian KA. Hierarchical assembly of tryptophan zipper peptides into stress-relaxing bioactive hydrogels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6604. [PMID: 37872151 PMCID: PMC10593748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft materials in nature are formed through reversible supramolecular assembly of biological polymers into dynamic hierarchical networks. Rational design has led to self-assembling peptides with structural similarities to natural materials. However, recreating the dynamic functional properties inherent to natural systems remains challenging. Here we report the discovery of a short peptide based on the tryptophan zipper (trpzip) motif, that shows multiscale hierarchical ordering that leads to emergent dynamic properties. Trpzip hydrogels are antimicrobial and self-healing, with tunable viscoelasticity and unique yield-stress properties that allow immediate harvest of embedded cells through a flick of the wrist. This characteristic makes Trpzip hydrogels amenable to syringe extrusion, which we demonstrate with examples of cell delivery and bioprinting. Trpzip hydrogels display innate bioactivity, allowing propagation of human intestinal organoids with apical-basal polarization. Considering these extensive attributes, we anticipate the Trpzip motif will prove a versatile building block for supramolecular assembly of soft materials for biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Center for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas G Molley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Center for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Egi Kardia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sylvia Ganda
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Center for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sharon L Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Juanfang Ruan
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Bethany E Yee
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Center for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jitendra Mata
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- Australian Center for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Australian Center for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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38
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Afsari S, Mukherjee S, Halloran N, Ghirlanda G, Ryan E, Wang X, Lindsay S. Heavy Water Reduces the Electronic Conductance of Protein Wires via Deuteron Interactions with Aromatic Residues. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8907-8913. [PMID: 37772726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are versatile, self-assembling nanoelectronic components, but their hopping conductivity is expected to be influenced by solvent fluctuations. The role of the solvent was investigated by measuring the single molecule conductance of several proteins in both H2O and D2O. The conductance of a homologous series of protein wires decreases more rapidly with length in D2O, indicating a 6-fold decrease in carrier diffusion constant relative to the same protein in H2O. The effect was found to depend on the specific aromatic amino acid composition. A tryptophan zipper protein showed a decrease in conductance similar to that of the protein wires, whereas a phenylalanine zipper protein was insensitive to solvent changes. Tryptophan contains an indole amine, whereas the phenylalanine aromatic ring has no exchangeable protons, so the effect of heavy water on conductance is a consequence of specific D- or H-interactions with the aromatic residues.
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39
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Liang J, Song Y, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Hou J, Yang G. A sensitive electrochemical sensor for chiral detection of tryptophan enantiomers by using carbon black and β‑cyclodextrin. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:433. [PMID: 37814099 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A chiral sensor for the electrochemical identification of tryptophan (Trp) isomers is described. The electrochemical sensor was prepared based on the combination of (a) carbon black (CB-COOH) as conductive material, (b) Cu2+-modified β-cyclodextrin (Cu-β-CD), and (c) β-CD-based metal-organic frameworks (β-CD-MOF) as chiral selectors. The Cu-β-CD can be self-assembled into the CB-COOH and β-CD-MOF through electrostatic interactions, which was characterized by zeta potential analysis. UV-vis spectroscopy proved that Cu-β-CD displays a higher combination for D-Trp than L-Trp, and the β-CD-MOF at the surface of the GCE has a higher affinity for L-Trp than D-Trp, which endow an easier permeation of L-Trp to the surface of the electrode, thus leading to a larger electrochemical signal of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The enantioselectivity for L-Trp over D-Trp (IL/ID) is 2.13, with a low detection limit for D-Trp (11.18 μM) and L-Trp (5.48 μM). In addition, the proposed chiral sensor can be chosen to determine the percentage of D-Trp in enantiomer mixture solutions and real sample detection with a recovery from 98.2 to 102.8% for L-Trp and 97.9 to 101.1% for D-Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Inoue K, Fujihara A. Differentiation of free d-amino acids and amino acid isomers in solution using tandem mass spectrometry of hydrogen-bonded clusters. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115567. [PMID: 37441889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Free d-amino acids and amino acid isomers were differentiated using tandem mass spectrometry without chromatographic separation. Ultraviolet photodissociation and water adsorption of leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile) enantiomers hydrogen-bonded with tryptophan (Trp) were investigated at 8 K in the gas phase. The enantiomer-selective Cα-Cβ bond cleavage of Trp was observed in the product ion spectra obtained by 285 nm photoexcitation, where the abundance of NH2CHCOOH-eliminated ion of heterochiral H+(d-Trp)(l-Leu) was higher than that of homochiral H+(l-Trp)(l-Leu). When comparing water adsorption on the surfaces of the heterochiral and homochiral clusters in a cold ion trap, the number of water molecules adsorbed on the heterochiral cluster was greater than that adsorbed on the homochiral cluster. These results indicate that the stronger intermolecular interactions within the homochiral H+(l-Trp)(l-Leu) compared to the heterochiral cluster inhibit enantiomer-selective photodissociation. Leu and Ile were differentiated by the isomer-selective Cα-Cβ bond cleavage of Trp in the clusters. Calibration curves for the differentiation of isomeric amino acids and their enantiomers were developed using monitoring isomer- and enantiomer-selective photodissociation, indicating that the molar fractions in solution could be determined from a single product ion spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akimasa Fujihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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41
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Ko SM, Park JE, Heo IK, Shin YU, Kim YH, Son WC. Safety concerns regarding impurities in L-Tryptophan associated with eosinophilia myalgia syndrome. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113946. [PMID: 37453474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
L-tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids in humans and across the animal kingdom. It has been widely used as a feed additive for domestic animals and is also administered through dietary supplements in humans. Safety concerns have been raised however since a disease known as eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was reported to be related to L-tryptophan supplements. EMS is a rare condition characterized by inflammation in various organ systems including the muscles, skin, and lungs. Through several studies, it has been speculated that the six components generated during the process of L-tryptophan synthesis are related to the induction of EMS. In this review, we discuss the history of EMS and its controversial correlation with L-tryptophan use reported in several studies. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to assess the putative correlation between impurities in L-tryptophan preparations and EMS, but no clear and convincing conclusions have been drawn so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Ko
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Medical Science, AMIST, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea; CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Kyung Heo
- CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Uk Shin
- CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- CJ CheilJedang, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Spedalieri C, Plaickner J, Speiser E, Esser N, Kneipp J. Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectra of Serum Albumins. Appl Spectrosc 2023; 77:1044-1052. [PMID: 37415516 PMCID: PMC10478327 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231183728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectra of the two proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) in an aqueous solution are compared with the aim to distinguish between them based on their very similar amino acid composition and structure and to obtain signals from tryptophan that has only very few residues. Comparison of the protein spectra with solutions of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine in comparative ratios as in the two proteins shows that at an excitation wavelength of 220 nm, the spectra are dominated by the strong resonant contribution from these three amino acids. While the strong enhancement of two and one single tryptophan residue in BSA and HSA, respectively, results in pronounced bands assigned to fundamental vibrations of tryptophan, its weaker overtones and combination bands do not play a major role in the spectral range above 1800 cm-1. There, the protein spectra clearly reveal the signals of overtones and combination bands of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Assignments of spectral features in the range of Raman shifts from 3800 to 5100 cm-1 to combinations comprising fundamentals and overtones of tyrosine were supported by spectra of amino acid mixtures that contain deuterated tyrosine. The information in the high-frequency region of the UVRR spectra could provide information that is complementary to near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Spedalieri
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Plaickner
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Esser
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISASe.V, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Bora JR, Mahalakshmi R. Photoradical-Mediated Catalyst-Independent Protein Cross-Link with Unusual Fluorescence Properties. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300380. [PMID: 37232210 PMCID: PMC7615464 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photo-actively modified natural amino acids have served as lucrative probes for precise mapping of the dynamics, interaction networks, and turnover of cytosolic proteins both in vivo and ex vivo. In our attempts to extend the utility of photoreactive reporters to map the molecular characteristics of vital membrane proteins, we carried out site-selective incorporation of 7-fluoro-indole in the human mitochondrial outer membrane protein VDAC2 (voltage-dependent anion channel isoform 2), with the aim of generating Trp-Phe/Tyr cross-links. Prolonged irradiation at 282 nm provided us with a surprisingly unusual fluorophore that displayed sizably red-shifted excitation (λex-max =280 nm→360 nm) and emission (λem-max =330 nm→430 nm) spectra that was reversible with organic solvents. By measuring the kinetics of the photo-activated cross-linking with a library of hVDAC2 variants, we demonstrate that formation of this unusual fluorophore is kinetically retarded, independent of tryptophan, and is site-specific. Using other membrane (Tom40 and Sam50) and cytosolic (MscR and DNA Pol I) proteins, we additionally show that formation of this fluorophore is protein-independent. Our findings reveal the photoradical-mediated accumulation of reversible tyrosine cross-links, with unusual fluorescent properties. Our findings have immediate applications in protein biochemistry and UV-mediated protein aggregation and cellular damage, opening avenues for formulating therapeutics that prolong cell viability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinam Ravindra Bora
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh (India)
| | - Radhakrishnan Mahalakshmi
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh (India)
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44
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Gong B, Chen W, Sit PHL, Liu XW, Qian C, Yu HQ. Multiple spectroscopic insights into the interaction mechanisms between proteins and humic acid. Water Res 2023; 243:120424. [PMID: 37523922 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are important constituents of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aqueous environments, and their interaction with humic acid (HA), another key component of DOM, substantially affects the environmental behaviors of DOM. In this work, the interaction mechanisms between tryptophan-containing proteins and HA were systematically investigated using multiple molecular spectroscopic approaches. The fluorescence quenching tests indicate that bovine serum albumin (BSA) was more readily quenched by HA and the coexisting phenolic, carboxyl, and quinone groups in HA contributed to this process significantly. By comparison, the fluorescence of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) was more stable under the same conditions. Furthermore, with multiple groups in HA, static quenching with the binding constants and the number of sites were calculated in the protein-HA and L-Trp-HA mixtures. In addition, the differential fluorescence spectra, UV‒Vis spectra, and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy results confirmed that L-tryptophan amino acid could indeed form a complex with HA, while did not lead to fluorescence quenching. Finally, the molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) simulations highlighted the contribution of multiple residues surrounding the HA groups to their interactions. The direct interaction between the tryptophan residue and HA might not be the prerequisite for the fluorescence response. Therefore, our work provides further insights into protein-HA interactions and implies other reasonable elucidations for further explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Patrick H-L Sit
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China
| | - Xian-Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chen Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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45
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Mao M, Li J, Dong K, Li RP, Chen X, Liu J, Tang S. Metal-Free Late-Stage Alkylation of Tryptophan and Tryptophan-Containing Peptides with 1,3-Dithiane Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:5784-5789. [PMID: 37503958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage diversification of structurally complex peptides has enormous potential for drug discovery and molecular imaging. We report a simple, metal-free, late-stage reductive C2 alkylation of tryptophan and tryptophan-containing peptides using readily available 1,3-dithianes. This alkylation protocol has a wide substrate scope and an excellent tolerance for reactive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Mao
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kang Dong
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Rui-Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shouchu Tang
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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46
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Darlington DS, Mahurin AN, Kapusta K, Suh E, Smith C, Jarrett E, Chism CM, Meador WE, Kelly ZC, Delcamp JH, Zhao Y, Hammer NI, Kariyawasam CS, Somarathne RP, Fitzkee NC, Tanner EEL. Selective Near-Infrared Blood Detection Driven by Ionic Liquid-Dye-Albumin Nanointeractions. Langmuir 2023; 39:10806-10819. [PMID: 37501336 PMCID: PMC10506859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to its abundance in blood, a great deal of research has been undertaken to develop efficient biosensors for serum albumin and provide insight into the interactions that take place between these biosensing molecules and the protein. Near-infrared (NIR, >700 nm) organic dyes have been shown to be effective biosensors of serum albumin, but their effectiveness is diminished in whole blood. Herein, it is shown that an NIR sulfonate indolizine-donor-based squaraine dye, SO3SQ, can be strengthened as a biosensor of albumin through the addition of biocompatible ionic liquids (ILs). Specifically, the IL choline glycolate (1:1), at a concentration of 160 mM, results in the enhanced fluorescence emission ("switch-on") of the dye in the presence of blood. The origin of the fluorescence enhancement was investigated via methods, including DLS, ITC, and molecular dynamics. Further, fluorescence measurements were conducted to see the impact the dye-IL system had on the fluorescence of the tryptophan residue of human serum albumin (HSA), as well as to determine its apparent association constants in relation to albumin. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to provide evidence that the dye-IL system does not alter the secondary structures of albumin or DNA. Our results suggest that the enhanced fluorescence of the dye in the presence of IL and blood is due to diversification of binding sites in albumin, controlled by the interaction of the IL-dye-albumin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan S Darlington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Allison N Mahurin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Karina Kapusta
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Mississippi 39174, United States
| | - Ember Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Cameron Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ethan Jarrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Claylee M Chism
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - William E Meador
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Zakeyia C Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (RXNC), Wright-Patterson AFB, 2230 Tenth Street B655, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chathuri S Kariyawasam
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Radha P Somarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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47
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Osickova A, Knoblochova S, Bumba L, Man P, Kalaninova Z, Lepesheva A, Jurnecka D, Cizkova M, Biedermannova L, Goldsmith JA, Maynard JA, McLellan JS, Osicka R, Sebo P, Masin J. A conserved tryptophan in the acylated segment of RTX toxins controls their β 2 integrin-independent cell penetration. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104978. [PMID: 37390987 PMCID: PMC10392135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acylated Repeats in ToXins (RTX) leukotoxins, the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) or α-hemolysin (HlyA), bind β2 integrins of leukocytes but also penetrate cells lacking these receptors. We show that the indoles of conserved tryptophans in the acylated segments, W876 of CyaA and W579 of HlyA, are crucial for β2 integrin-independent membrane penetration. Substitutions of W876 by aliphatic or aromatic residues did not affect acylation, folding, or the activities of CyaA W876L/F/Y variants on cells expressing high amounts of the β2 integrin CR3. However, toxin activity of CyaA W876L/F/Y on cells lacking CR3 was strongly impaired. Similarly, a W579L substitution selectively reduced HlyA W579L cytotoxicity towards cells lacking β2 integrins. Intriguingly, the W876L/F/Y substitutions increased the thermal stability (Tm) of CyaA by 4 to 8 °C but locally enhanced the accessibility to deuteration of the hydrophobic segment and of the interface of the two acylated loops. W876Q substitution (showing no increase in Tm), or combination of W876F with a cavity-filling V822M substitution (this combination decreasing the Tm closer to that of CyaA), yielded a milder defect of toxin activity on erythrocytes lacking CR3. Furthermore, the activity of CyaA on erythrocytes was also selectively impaired when the interaction of the pyrrolidine of P848 with the indole of W876 was ablated. Hence, the bulky indoles of residues W876 of CyaA, or W579 of HlyA, rule the local positioning of the acylated loops and enable a membrane-penetrating conformation in the absence of RTX toxin docking onto the cell membrane by β2 integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Knoblochova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kalaninova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Lepesheva
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Jurnecka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Cizkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lada Biedermannova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jory A Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jennifer A Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Masin
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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48
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Abdel-Aal FAM, Kamel RM, Abdeltawab AA, Mohamed FA, Mohamed AMI. Polypyrrole/carbon dot nanocomposite as an electrochemical biosensor for liquid biopsy analysis of tryptophan in the human serum of normal and breast cancer women. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4985-5001. [PMID: 37401962 PMCID: PMC10386971 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy analysis represents a suitable alternative analysis procedure in several cases where no tumor tissue is available or in poor patient conditions. Amino acids can play a crucial role in aiding cancer diagnosis. Monitoring of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism can aid in tracking cancer progression. Therefore, a novel nanocomposite was fabricated using overoxidized polypyrrole film doped with nano-carbon dots (nano-CDs) on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface for sensitive evaluation of Trp in human serum. Using square wave voltammetry (SWV), the overoxidized polypyrrole/carbon dots/pencil graphite electrode (Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE) achieved excellent electrochemical catalytic activity for evaluating Trp. The modified electrode, known as Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE, demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic activity compared to bare PGE, CDs/PGE, PPy/PGE, and PPy/CDs/PGE for evaluation of Trp. The method's excellent sensitivity was confirmed by the low limits of detection (LOD = 0.003 μmol L-1) and limit of quantitation (LOQ = 0.009 μmol L-1). The biosensor that was developed can measure tryptophan (Trp) levels in the serum of both healthy individuals and female breast cancer patients with high accuracy and sensitivity. The results indicate that there is a significant difference, as shown by the F-test, between healthy individuals and those with breast cancer. This suggests that Trp amino acid could be an essential biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Consequently, liquid biopsy analysis presents a valuable opportunity for early disease detection, particularly for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A M Abdel-Aal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Abdeltawab
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Fardous A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Maaboud I Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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49
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Sun C, Ma BD, Li G, Tian W, Yang L, Peng H, Lin Z, Deng Z, Kong XD, Qu X. Engineering the Substrate Specificity of a P450 Dimerase Enables the Collective Biosynthesis of Heterodimeric Tryptophan-Containing Diketopiperazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304994. [PMID: 37083030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterodimeric tryptophan-containing diketopiperazines (HTDKPs) are an important class of bioactive secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis offers a practical opportunity to access their bioactive structural diversity, however, it is restricted by the limited substrate scopes of the HTDKPs-forming P450 dimerases. Herein, by genome mining and investigation of the sequence-product relationships, we unveiled three important residues (F387, F388 and E73) in these P450s that are pivotal for selecting different diketopiperazine (DKP) substrates in the upper binding pocket. Engineering these residues in NasF5053 significantly expanded its substrate specificity and enabled the collective biosynthesis, including 12 self-dimerized and at least 81 cross-dimerized HTDKPs. Structural and molecular dynamics analysis of F387G and E73S revealed that they control the substrate specificity via reducing steric hindrance and regulating substrate tunnels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Di Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjun Li
- Abiochem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 201203, Shanghai, China
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Farid NA, Youssef NF, Abdellatef HE, Sharaf YA. Spectrofluorimetric methods for the determination of mirabegron by quenching tyrosine and L-tryptophan fluorophores: Recognition of quenching mechanism by stern volmer relationship, evaluation of binding constants and binding sites. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 293:122473. [PMID: 36801734 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Green spectrofluorimetric methods have been adopted for the determination of Mirabegron (MG) in pure drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The developed methods based on fluorescence quenching of tyrosine and L-tryptophan amino acids fluorophores by the effect of Mirabegron as a quencher. Experimental conditions of the reaction were studied and optimized. The Fluorescence quenching (ΔF) values were proportional to the concentration range of MG 2-20 μg/ml for the tyrosine-MG system in buffered media pH 2 and 1-30 μg/ml for L-tryptophan-MG system pH 6. Good correlation coefficients with low detection limits of 0.163 and 0.234 μg/ml for the two systems respectively. Method validation was applied according to ICH guidelines. The cited methods were successively applied for MG determination in tablet formulation. No statistically significant difference between the results of the cited and the reference methods regarding t and F tests. The proposed spectrofluorimetric methods are simple, rapid, eco-friendly and can contribute to MG's methodologies in quality control labs. Stern-Volmer relationship, the effect of temperature, quenching constant (Kq), and UV spectra were studied to identify the mechanism by which the quenching might occur. The results demonstrated that fluorescence quenching of tyrosine was a dynamic quenching process and L-tryptophan was static. The double log plots were constructed to determine the binding constants and binding sites. The greenness profile of the developed methods has been assessed by Green Analytical procedure index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness Metric Approach (AGREE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira A Farid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia F Youssef
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hisham E Abdellatef
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmine A Sharaf
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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