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Darlington DS, Mahurin AN, Kapusta K, Suh E, Smith C, Jarrett E, Chism CM, Meador WE, Kelly ZC, Delcamp JH, Zhao Y, Hammer NI, Kariyawasam CS, Somarathne RP, Fitzkee NC, Tanner EEL. Selective Near-Infrared Blood Detection Driven by Ionic Liquid-Dye-Albumin Nanointeractions. Langmuir 2023; 39:10806-10819. [PMID: 37501336 PMCID: PMC10506859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to its abundance in blood, a great deal of research has been undertaken to develop efficient biosensors for serum albumin and provide insight into the interactions that take place between these biosensing molecules and the protein. Near-infrared (NIR, >700 nm) organic dyes have been shown to be effective biosensors of serum albumin, but their effectiveness is diminished in whole blood. Herein, it is shown that an NIR sulfonate indolizine-donor-based squaraine dye, SO3SQ, can be strengthened as a biosensor of albumin through the addition of biocompatible ionic liquids (ILs). Specifically, the IL choline glycolate (1:1), at a concentration of 160 mM, results in the enhanced fluorescence emission ("switch-on") of the dye in the presence of blood. The origin of the fluorescence enhancement was investigated via methods, including DLS, ITC, and molecular dynamics. Further, fluorescence measurements were conducted to see the impact the dye-IL system had on the fluorescence of the tryptophan residue of human serum albumin (HSA), as well as to determine its apparent association constants in relation to albumin. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to provide evidence that the dye-IL system does not alter the secondary structures of albumin or DNA. Our results suggest that the enhanced fluorescence of the dye in the presence of IL and blood is due to diversification of binding sites in albumin, controlled by the interaction of the IL-dye-albumin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan S Darlington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Allison N Mahurin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Karina Kapusta
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Mississippi 39174, United States
| | - Ember Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Cameron Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ethan Jarrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Claylee M Chism
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - William E Meador
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Zakeyia C Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (RXNC), Wright-Patterson AFB, 2230 Tenth Street B655, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Yongfeng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chathuri S Kariyawasam
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Radha P Somarathne
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Hamadani CM, Dasanayake GS, Gorniak ME, Pride MC, Monroe W, Chism CM, Heintz R, Jarrett E, Singh G, Edgecomb SX, Tanner EEL. Development of ionic liquid-coated PLGA nanoparticles for applications in intravenous drug delivery. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2509-2557. [PMID: 37468651 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising platform for medical applications in drug delivery. However, their use as drug carriers is limited by biological (e.g., immunological) barriers after intravenous administration. Ionic liquids (ILs), formed from bulky asymmetric cations and anions, have a wide variety of physical internal and external interfacing properties. When assembled on polymeric NPs as biomaterial coatings, these external-interfacing properties can be tuned to extend their circulation half-life when intravenously injected, as well as drive biodistribution to sites of interest for selective organ accumulation. In our work, we are particularly interested in optimizing IL coatings to enable red blood cell hitchhiking in whole blood. In this protocol, we describe the preparation and physicochemical and biological characterization of choline carboxylate IL-coated polymeric NPs. The procedure is divided into five stages: (1) synthesis and characterization of choline-based ILs (1 week); (2) bare poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (50:50, acid terminated) Resomer 504H (PLGA) NP assembly, modified from previously established protocols, with dye encapsulation (7 h); (3) modification of the bare particles with IL coating (3 h); (4) physicochemical characterization of both PLGA and IL-PLGA NPs by dynamic light scattering, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (1 week); (5) ex vivo evaluation of intravenous biocompatibility (including serum-protein resistance and hemolysis) and red blood cell hitchhiking in whole BALB/c mouse blood via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (1 week). With practice and technique refinement, this protocol is accessible to late-stage graduate students and early-stage postdoctoral scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Hamadani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Gaya S Dasanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Meghan E Gorniak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Mercedes C Pride
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Wake Monroe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Claylee M Chism
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Rebekah Heintz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ethan Jarrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Sara X Edgecomb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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Hamadani CM, Dasanayake GS, Chism CM, Gorniak ME, Monroe WG, Merrell A, Pride MC, Heintz R, Wong K, Hossain M, Taylor G, Edgecomb SX, Jones D, Dhar J, Banka A, Singh G, Vashisth P, Randall J, Darlington DS, Everett J, Jarrett E, Werfel TA, Eniola-Adefeso O, Tanner EEL. Selective Blood Cell Hitchhiking in Whole Blood with Ionic Liquid-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles to Redirect Biodistribution After Intravenous Injection. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3146716. [PMID: 37502854 PMCID: PMC10371090 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3146716/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Less than 5% of intravenously-injected nanoparticles (NPs) reach destined sites in the body due to opsonization and immune-based clearance in vascular circulation. By hitchhiking in situ onto specific blood components post-injection, NPs can selectively target tissue sites for unprecedentedly high drug delivery rates. Choline carboxylate ionic liquids (ILs) are biocompatible liquid salts <100X composed of bulky asymmetric cations and anions. This class of ILs has been previously shown to significantly extend circulation time and redirect biodistribution in BALB/c mice post-IV injection via hitchhiking on red blood cell (RBC) membranes. Herein, we synthesized & screened 60 choline carboxylic acid-based ILs to coat PLGA NPs and present the impact of structurally engineering the coordinated anion identity to selectively interface and hitchhike lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, platelets, and RBCs in whole mouse blood for in situ targeted drug delivery. Furthermore, we find this nanoparticle platform to be biocompatible (non-cytotoxic), translate to human whole blood by resisting serum uptake and maintaining modest hitchhiking, and also significantly extend circulation retention over 24 hours in BALB/c healthy adult mice after IV injection. Because of their altered circulation profiles, we additionally observe dramatically different organ accumulation profiles compared to bare PLGA NPs. This study establishes an initial breakthrough platform for a modular and transformative targeting technology to hitchhike onto blood components with high efficacy and safety in the bloodstream post-IV administration.
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