626
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Rosenthal DL, Stern E, McLatchie C, Wu A, Lagasse LD, Wall R, Castleman KR. A simple method of producing a monolayer of cervical cells for digital image processing. ANALYTICAL AND QUANTITATIVE CYTOLOGY 1979; 1:84-8. [PMID: 396838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A manual method of producing a monolayer of isolated and evenly distributed cervical epithelial cells has been developed for use in an automated digital image analysis system. The cervical scrape specimen is vortexed from the spatula into a solution of Mucosol. The suspension is filtered through a 10 micro nylon mesh to remove polys and debris and then syringed to disaggregate epithelial clumps. The cells are plated out on a Nuclepore filter. The filter is touched directly onto a glass microscopic slide to transfer cells, which are then fixed and stained in a routine manner. Cell counts reveal elimination of 92% polys, with only 2% loss of squamous cells.
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627
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Jordan F, Wu A. Inactivation of purine nucleoside phosphorylase by modification of arginine residues. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 190:699-704. [PMID: 102259 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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628
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Jordan F, Wu A. Stereoelectronic factors in the binding of substrate analogues and inhibitors to purine nucleoside phosphorylase isolated from human erythrocytes. J Med Chem 1978; 21:877-82. [PMID: 31484 DOI: 10.1021/jm00207a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several aspects of the stereoelectronic requirements of substrates of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase (E.C. 2.4.2.1) were elucidated providing the following information: (a) the N1 position cannot have a nonhydrogen substituent; (b) the 5'-OH group must be present for catalytic activity to be exhibited but is not an essential functional group for inhibitory action to be observed; (c) on the C8 position groups larger than -NH2 or -Br cannot be accommodated; (d) the syn-glycosyl conformation (i.e., 8-bromoguanosine) is acceptable but may not be an absolute requirement for phosphorolysis; (e) among nucleic base inhibitors methylation at N3, N7, or N9 vastly decreases the inhibitory properties as does a nitrogen in lieu of C-H in the 8 position. The results clearly indicate that this enzyme differs in its stereoelectronic requirements from the Escherichia coli enzyme.
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629
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Wu A, Lech JJ, Glickman A, Pearson ML. Mass fragmentographic determination of pentachlorophenol in rainbow trout. JOURNAL - ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS 1978; 61:1303-6. [PMID: 721743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is extracted from selected tissues of rainbow trout and converted to pentachloroanisole (PCA) by means of alkylation in the presence of potassium carbonate as a condensing agent. Pentachlorophenetole (PPT) is used as an internal standard. The electron impact mass fragmentography is carried out by monitoring m/e 280 (PCA), 294 (PPT), and 237. A plot of peak height vs. concentration is linear from 0.03 to 4.0 ng. Accuracy and precision of the method is +/-2% (N - 36). The results are accurate enough to warrant the use of this method for determining PCP in fish, as well as for monitoring PCP from various environmental sources. In addition, this technique provides a simple and rapid method by which a mixture of PCA and PCP can be determined simultaneously.
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630
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Glickman AH, Statham CN, Wu A, Lech JJ. Studies on the uptake, metabolism, and disposition of pentachlorophenol and pentachloroanisole in rainbow trout. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1977; 41:649-58. [PMID: 918992 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-008x(77)80018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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631
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Klein J, Forster HV, Stewart RD, Hake CL, Wu A, Klein J. THE EFFECT OF EXERCISE AND CHRONIC ELEVATION OF CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN (COHb) ON HEMOGLOBIN AFFINITY FOR OXYGEN (P50). Med Sci Sports Exerc 1977. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-197721000-00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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632
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Wu A, Leavitt DD, Campbell DW. Dosimetry measurements and analyses of 10-MV x rays for Clinac-18. Med Phys 1977; 4:71-3. [PMID: 840194 DOI: 10.1118/1.594296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation parameters for two Varian Clinac-18 10-MV x-ray units were measured and compared with the same parameters for the Toshiba LMR-13 and the Arco Mevatron XII. Comparison of the percentage depth dose, surface dose, and depth of maximum ionization as a function of field size are presented.
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633
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Stewart RD, Hake CL, Wu A, Stewart TA, Kalbfleisch JH. Carboxyhemoglobin trend in Chicago blood donors, 1970-1974. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1976; 31:280-5. [PMID: 999339 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1976.10667236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An 18% reduction in the carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) saturation in nonsmoking Chicago blood donors occurred between 1970 and 1974, indicating that current donors are being exposed to a lower average carbon monoxide (CO) concentration than had been experienced by 1970 donors. In contrast to the situation in 1970, when it was discovered that 74% of the nonsmokers in Chicago were being exposed to CO in excess of the amount permitted by the federal air quality standards, in 1974 only 41% of the nonsmokers were being overexposed. The observed reduction in HbCO correlates well with both the ambient CO levels recorded at the air monitoring stations and the reduction in CO emission from automobiles. If the current trend continues, Chicago should reach compliance with air quality standards for CO by 1985. The measurement of HbCO in a representative urban population is an accurate index of actual CO exposure and supplements the air pollution data provided by air monitoring stations.
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634
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Stewart RD, Hake CL, Wu A. Use of breath analysis to monitor methylene chloride exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 1976; 2:57-70. [PMID: 959792 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty male and female subjects were exposed repetitively to methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) vapor, 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm, for 1,3, or 7.5 h in a controlled-environment chamber. Postexposure alveolar breath samples were collected in small glass breath tubes and analyzed for CH2Cl2 by gas chromatography. From these data is a series of breath CH2Cl2 excretion curves were constructed that can be used to estimate the magnitude of a recent exposure. The CH2CL2 breath concentration in the immediate postexposure period accurately reflected the vapor concentration to which the subjects had been exposed most recently. Breath samples collected 1--2 h following exposure were accurate indicators of the time-weighted average vapor exposure experienced by the subjects during the previous 8 h of occupational exposure. Breath analysis offers a practical, noninvasive method for monitoring occupational exposure to CH2Cl2.
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635
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Wu A, Slavin G, Levi AJ. Elevated serum gamma-glutamyl-transferase (transpeptidase) and histological liver damage in alcoholism. Am J Gastroenterol 1976; 65:318-23. [PMID: 7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In 66 alcoholic patients, serum gamma-glutamyl-transferase (transpeptidase) (GGTP) activity was studied in relationship to other biochemical liver function tests and histological liver damage. Elevated serum GGTP activity was the single most common biochemical abnormality (74%) and, when present was accompanied by histological abnormalities in all but one case. In seven patients, including two with alcoholic cirrhosis, this was the only biochemical abnormality. The mean serum GGTP was highest in the cirrhotic group. There was some correlation between serum GGTP activity and the degree of histological hepato-cellular necrosis. The values showed a wide scatter, however, and 12 patients had normal serum GGTP activity when histological damage was present. While elevated serum GGTP levels in alcoholism may be partly related to structural liver damage, other mechanisms, such as hepatic microsomal enzyme induction or alcoholic pancreatic damage, may also play a role.
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636
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Wu A, Levi AJ. Effect of alcohol on total urinary hydroxyproline excretion. Am J Gastroenterol 1975; 64:217-20. [PMID: 1181926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was measured in 33 patients regularly drinking over 80 gm. alcohol daily. Those with changes of cirrhosis on liver biopsy excreted significantly more hydroxyproline than those with normal appearances, fatty change or hepatofibrosis. In 16 patients, the excretion was measured both when they were drinking and when abstaining from alcohol, in the form of several beverages. The rate of excretion was significantly higher after alcohol has been withdrawn. This result raises the possibility that alcoholic beverages may inhibit collagen degradation. If substantiated, it further suggests that the effect of alcohol on collagen metabolism may be of importance in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cirrhosis.
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637
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Wu A, Chanarin I, Slavin G, Levi AJ. Folate deficiency in the alcoholic--its relationship to clinical and haematological abnormalities, liver disease and folate stores. Br J Haematol 1975; 29:469-78. [PMID: 1191558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1975.tb01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and laboratory observations were made on 84 patients regularly taking more than 80 g of alcohol daily. Macrocytosis was present in 84.5%, but only 13% were anaemic. Twenty-seven of the 57 bone marrows sampled were abnormal, 20 showing megaloblastic changes, mostly mild in degree. Serum, red cell, and liver folate levels were reduced in 28%, 35% and 31% of patients respectively. Liver folate concentration showed good correlation with serum and red cell folates. The folate deficiency was more severe in those patients, more often female, who had inadequate diets or drank wine and spirits rather than beer. The amount of alcohol consumption and extent of liver damage did not affect folate status. The findings suggest that folate deficiency is common among alcoholics in this country. More frequently, however, patients had macrocytosis, sometimes with megaloblastosis, in the absence of folate deficiency emphasizing the direct toxic effect of alcohol on the developing erythroblast.
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638
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Bhandari KS, Eenkhoorn JA, Wu A, Snieckus V. Photocyclization of 2-Indolylalkyl N-Chloroacetamides1,2. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1975. [DOI: 10.1080/00397917508061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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639
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Wu A. Rapid analysis of the central nervous system stimulants, amphetamines, via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: rapid acylation in the presence of a mercury catalyst. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 1975; 8:225-32. [PMID: 1149413 DOI: 10.3109/15563657508988066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple, direct, instantaneous, and quantitative acetylating procedure for amphetamines has been developed. The method uses trifluoroacetic anhydride in the presence of mercuric trifluoroacetate as a catalyst. The product was characterized by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. The salient features of this technique are: (a) rapidity of analysis; (b) no previous cleanup to remove adulterants; and (c) detection of amphetamines at the picomole level. We have routinely applied this technique for court samples and law enforcement authorities. The method could prove to be applicable, with minimum amounts of involvement in sample preparation, to the analysis of a variety of compounds containing an acyl displaceable hydrogen.
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640
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Wu A, Grant DB, Hambley J, Levi AJ. Reduced serum somatomedin activity in patients with chronic liver disease. CLINICAL SCIENCE AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE 1974; 47:359-66. [PMID: 4154157 DOI: 10.1042/cs0470359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. Somatomedin (SM; sulphation factor) activity was estimated by a chick-cartilage assay in fasting sera from twenty-one patients with chronic liver disease.
2. Low SM values were found in nine out of the ten patients with cirrhosis and in two other patients, one with hepatofibrosis and one with hepatoma.
3. In general, the lowest serum SM activities were found in those patients with the most severe disease and significant correlations were found between serum SM and serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin.
4. Growth hormone was also measured in the samples and concentrations above 10 units/ml were found in seven patients, all of whom had reduced serum SM activities.
5. These findings indicate that low serum SM activity in liver disease is not related to growth hormone deficiency and suggest that the liver may be an important site for SM synthesis in man.
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641
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642
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Wu A. Letter: Concerning on-column methylation of phenobarbital. Clin Chem 1974; 20:630. [PMID: 4826964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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643
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Rucker M, Armstrong L, Clemo I, Wu A. Descriptive menus enhance food acceptance. HOSPITALS 1973; 47:67-9. [PMID: 4710341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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644
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Wu A, Biehl ER, Reeves PC. Transmission of substituent effects in phenoltricarbonylchromium compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/p29720000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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645
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Wu A, Michaels L. A new proprietary decalcifying agent: comparison with established methods and use in routine histopathology. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 1969; 31:224-7. [PMID: 4189222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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