Anomalous origin of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries from the internal carotid artery

Two cases of the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries originating from the cavernous and precavernous segments of the internal carotid artery are reported. In one case the course of the anomalous artery was confirmed by autopsy. This anomalous artery is considered to be a variant of persistent primitive trigeminal artery. The clinical significance is disussed briefly.

Heterophile antibodies in Japanese patients with various diseases including infectious mononucleosis

Sera of Japanese patients with various diseases including patients with lympho-proliferative disease similar to infectious mononucleosis (IM) were studied for the presence of heterophile antibodies. Antibodies to sheep erythrocytes were demonstrated in 9 of 19 such patients whereas similar antibodies were found only in 28 of 3570 (0.8%) patients with various other diseases. Adsorption studies revealed that these antibodies in patients with IM-like syndrome are of Hangantziu-Deicher or Forssman nature. On the other hand, Paul-Bunnell antibody characteristic for IM in Caucasians was not demonstrated in Japanese suffering from IM-like syndrome.

1-N-Alkyl analogs of butirosin

Butirosin (Ia), 5''-amino-5''-deoxy-(Ic), 3',4'-dideoxy-(Ie), and 5''-amino-3',4',5''-trideoxy-butirosin A (If) were converted into the corresponding 1'''-deoxo derivatives, Ib, Id, Ig, and Ih by borane reduction. In addition, xylostasin (IIIa) was converted into its 1-N-ethyl derivative (IIIb) by reductive ethylation. Their antibacterial activities were discussed.

Cross-reaction between the mycelial galactomannas of three Hormodendrum strains and the mannans of two Candida albicans strains of different serotypes, A and B

Cross-reactivity between galactomannans of three representative Hormodendrum strains, H. pedrosoi IFO 6071, H. compactum IFO 6726, and H. dermatitidis IFO 6421, and the mannans of two Candida strains, C. albicans NIH A-207 (serotype A) and C. albicans NIH B-792 (serotype B), were investigated by means of agar-gel double diffusion, quantitative preciptin reaction, and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The following results were obtained. (i) Antisera to whole cells of three Hormodendrum strains were completely inactive in all in vitro antigen-antibody reactions to mannans of C. albicans NIH A-207 and C. albicans NIH B-792, whereas antisera to both C. albicans strains were found to be cross-reactive against the three Hormodendrum galactomannans. (ii) The results of cross-passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests using guinea pigs sensitized with antiserum of three Hormodendrum and two Candida seemed to be consistent with those of the vitro assay. (iii) The reactivities of the corresponding acid-resistant core moieties of the three Hormodendrum galactomannas against two anti-C. albicans sera were nearly identical to those of the parent galactomannans in both in vitro and in vivo tests.

Computerized tomography of coagulation necrosis of the brain and brain tumors

Diffuse contrast enhancement was observed on computerized tomography (CT) of coagulation necrosis of the brain and brain tumor. CT scans of delayed radiation necrosis of the brain seen in two patients showed a low absorption that was diffusely enhanced after an intravenous injection of contrast medium. Areas of central coagulation necrosis of anaplastic gliomas in two patients exhibited a marked contrast enhancement which was characterized by a prolonged increase in attenuation and a delayed elimination of the contrast medium.

[Radiological anatomy of the anterior cerebral vein (author's transl)]

The anatomy of the anterior cerebral vein is described with injection specimens. Radiological appearance of the anterior cerebral vein is illustrated with conventional angiograms. Stereoscopic films are indispensable to identify the anterior cerebral vein accurately. The anterior communicating vein or the distal end of the anterior cerebral vein indicates the anterior wall of the lower portion of the third ventricle. The anterior cerebral vein is very useful in defining the suprasellar extension of an intrasellar mass.

Immunochemical studies on the galactomannans isolated from mycelia and culture broths of three Hormodendrum strains

Six major antigenic galactomannans isolated from both mycelia and culture broths of three representative strains of three species of the genus Hormodendrum, H. pedrosoi IFO 6071, H. compactum IFO 6726, and H. dermatitidis IFO 6421, were investigated for their immunochemical properties by precipitin reaction and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. We found that partial acid hydrolysis of the these galactomannans with 0.005 M sulfuric acid yielded free galactose and corresponding acid-resistant core moieties. In agar-gel double-diffusion reactions, no acid-resistant core moiety of galactomannan showed a corresponding precipitin line against homologous antiserum, indicating that the acid-labile galactofuranosyl residues were solely responsible for the precipitin activity of these galactomannans. All galactomannans and their core moieties gave sharp cross-precipitin lines against anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae serum, specific for the alpha1 leads to 3- or alpha1 leads to 2-linked D-mannopyranosyl residue. Quantitative precipitin reactions of the same antigen-antibody systems showed that all acid-resistant core moieties were completely inactive in the homologous systems but were highly cross-reactive with anti-S. cerevisiae serum. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests using guinea pigs sensitized with homologous antisera or with anti-S. cerevisiae serum provided results consistent with those obtained in the in vitro assay.

Histophysiological studies on the corpus allatum during prepupal diapause in Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera)

The appearance of the corpus allatum, the central endocrine gland of diapause, was examined histologically in the slug moth prepupae, Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera). Before beginning of diapause, the secretory cells of the corpus allatum increase in size with the enrichment of the cytoplasm in quantity and in number of orgenelles, while RNA synthesis also starts. As diapause progresses, the secretory cells have many large unstained vacuoles in the cytoplasm, which were demonstrated to contain some substances of lipoidal nature. It is not clear that the substance is juvenile hormone itself or a material related to juvenile hormone. Agranular ER is the most characteristic organelle connected with mitochondria and situated around the vacuoles during diapause. Electron micrographs show that agranular ER and mitochondria have an essential role for the production of juvenile hormone. The function of the corpus allatum during diapause and the relationship between juvenile hormone and diapause are discussed.

Innominate lines of the colon. Radiological--histological correlation

Radiological-histological studies showed that the normal mucosal units of the colon are bounded by the innominate lines. The lines are superficial identations of the mucosa with depths of 0.23 mm. No histological difference was demonstrated according to the three radiographic types found. These lines are demonstrable in about 90% of double-contrast examinations using 60-70% w/v barium. The colon should be prepared with dietary restriction, magnesium citrate, and contact laxative under sufficient hydration. The lines can also be demonstrated at endoscopy with dye scattering.