701
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Ishii F, Iizuka B, Nakanishi T, Nagasako K, Hayashi N. [Vitamin K deficiency syndrome caused by antituberculous agents]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 1997; 94:389-97. [PMID: 9216218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K deficiency caused by antituberculous agents was examined in clinical patients and in experimental rats. When antituberculous agents given to the patients who had only total elental diet because of small intestinal dysfunction, a marked increase in plasma PIVKA-II and a decrease in thrombo-test value were observed. These changes were quickly normalized by administration of vitamin K, despite of succeeding or stopping of antituberculous agents. In rat experiments, effects of four agents (ethambutol, isoniazid, paraaminosalicylate, and rifampicin) on prothrombin time were studied. Among these agents, only rifampicin prolonged prothrombin time. This prolongation depended on drug doses and duration of administration. In addition to this hypoprothrombinemia, an increase in plasma PIVKA-II was also observed, and these changes were normalized within 24 hours of vitamin K administration. These data suggest that rifampicin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase interfering re-use of vitamin K and caused vitamin K deficiency in patients with total elental diet.
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702
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Kameda K, Kanai M, Yonemura S, Matsuura H, Okuno T, Hayashi N, Arima K, Yanagawa M, Kawamura J, Tochigi H. [Clinical statistics of living and cadaveric renal transplantation at the Department of Urology, Mie University School of Medicine]. HINYOKIKA KIYO. ACTA UROLOGICA JAPONICA 1997; 43:437-41. [PMID: 9250496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A statistic survey was made on the clinical results of living and cadaveric renal transplantations performed at our department between October 1980 and June 1996. A total of 38 patients received 6 living and 32 cadaveric renal transplants. The graft and patient survival rates of a living renal transplantation were 83.3% and 100% at 3 years, respectively. The graft survival rate of cadaveric renal transplantation was 66.3% at 3 years and 56.0% at 5 years. In a cadaveric renal transplantation, patients with episodes of acute rejection within 12 months showed a significantly worse graft survival rate. This clinical parameter seems to be a prognostic factor for a long-term graft survival.
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703
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Miyoshi E, Higashiyama S, Nakagawa T, Hayashi N, Taniguchi N. Membrane-anchored heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor acts as a tumor survival factor in a hepatoma cell line. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:14349-55. [PMID: 9162071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.22.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which belongs to the EGF family, is produced as a membrane-anchored form (pro-HB-EGF) and later processed to a soluble form (sHB-EGF). It is known that high expression of pro-HB-EGF occurs in hepatoma tissues, although its biological meaning remains unknown. We established two types of hepatoma cell lines (AH66tc), which stably produce pro-HB-EGF and sHB-EGF, respectively. While sHB-EGF-producing cells (sHB-AH) showed rapid growth, pro-HB-EGF-producing cells (pHB-AH) showed markedly suppressed cell growth as compared with the parental cells. Transforming growth factor beta or serum-starved conditions induced apoptosis of mock and sHB-AH as well as the parental cells, but not of pHB-AH. The resistance to apoptosis upon serum-starved treatment was correlated with an increase in the rate of the G1 phase in the cell cycle due to up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. The mechanism underlying this resistance of pHB-AH to apoptosis was thought to be related to the prolonged half-life of the EGF receptor followed by continuous phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues. These observations demonstrate a unique function of pro-HB-EGF that is not observed for the mature form and show that pro-HB-EGF may act as a tumor survival factor in hepatoma cells.
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704
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Takahashi S, Onodera K, Motohashi H, Suwabe N, Hayashi N, Yanai N, Nabesima Y, Yamamoto M. Arrest in primitive erythroid cell development caused by promoter-specific disruption of the GATA-1 gene. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:12611-5. [PMID: 9139715 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.19.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the in vivo function of GATA-1 during hematopoiesis, we specifically disrupted the erythroid promoter of the GATA-1 gene in embryonic stem cells and generated germ line chimeras. Male offspring of chimeras bearing the targeted mutation were found to die by 12.5 days post coitus due to severe anemia while heterozygous females displayed characteristics ranging from severe anemia to normal erythropoiesis. When female heterozygotes were crossed with transgenic males carrying a reporter gene, which specifically marks primitive erythroid progenitors, massive accumulation of undifferentiated erythroid cells were observed in the yolk sacs of the GATA-1-mutant embryos, demonstrating that GATA-1 is required for the terminal differentiation of primitive erythroid cells in vivo.
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705
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Tsuchida C, Yamada H, Maeda M, Sadato N, Matsuda T, Kawamura Y, Hayashi N, Yamamoto K, Yonekura Y, Ishii Y. Evaluation of peri-infarcted hypoperfusion with T2*-weighted dynamic MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7:518-22. [PMID: 9170036 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880070311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate cerebral perfusion with T2*-weighted dynamic MRI in the area around the infarcted core. We examined seven patients with subacute cerebral infarction. After bolus injection a gadopentetate dimeglumine, a series of gradient-echo images were recorded in a selected slice. From these images, concentration-time curves were created on a region-of-interest (ROI) basis around infarction for calculating relative regional cerebral blood volume (rrCBV). Brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study also was performed with intravenous injection of 123I-labeled N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP). All patients showed prolonged signal decrease in the area around the infarcted core. ROI analysis showed significantly increased rrCBV compared to the normal side (P < .01, paired t test). The 123I-IMP SPECT study showed that these areas had decreased cerebral blood flow. Theses findings suggest compensatory vascular dilatation due to decreased perfusion pressure. T2*-weighted dynamic MRI is a useful method for detecting compensatory vasodilatation of ischemic insult in the peri-infarcted area.
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706
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Yamamoto S, Hayashi N, Kometani M, Nakao K, Inukai T. Pharmacological profile of valsartan, a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. 1st communication: antihypertensive effects of valsartan in hypertensive models. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1997; 47:604-612. [PMID: 9205773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The antihypertensive effects of valsartan ((S)-N-valeryl-N-¿[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl¿ valine, CAS 137862-53-4, CGP 48933), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, were examined in hypertensive rats and dogs. In normotensive rats and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt hypertensive rats, valsartan had no effect on blood pressure. Single oral administrations of valsartan at doses of 3-30 mg/kg reduced blood pressure dose-dependently in renal (2 kidney 1 clip, 2K1C) hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Repeated oral administrations of valsartan to these hypertensive rats controlled blood pressure throughout a treatment period of 4 weeks, and showed no rebound phenomenon following drug withdrawal. This drug at 30 mg/kg p.o. decreased blood pressure in renal (2K1C) hypertensive dogs by single and repeated administrations. The extent and duration of the hypotensive action of valsartan were similar to those of enalapril. Valsartan would thus appear as useful as enalapril.
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707
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Tomoi M, Kimura H, Yoshida M, Itoh S, Kawamura Y, Hayashi N, Yamamoto K, Kubota T, Ishii Y. Alterations of lactate (+lipid) concentration in brain tumors with in vivo hydrogen magnetic resonance spectroscopy during radiotherapy. Invest Radiol 1997; 32:288-96. [PMID: 9140749 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199705000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The authors determine whether assessment of the relative lactate(+lipid) concentration ([r-Lac(+lip)]) obtained from hydrogen magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy is useful for predicting the outcome of radiotherapy on brain tumors. METHODS Fifty-one hydrogen MR spectroscopic studies were performed in eight patients with primary or metastatic brain tumor before and during radiotherapy. The r-Lac(+lip) calculated as the ratio of lactate(+lipid) peak area to total water was compared before and during radiotherapy in each case. The change of tumor volume measured on magnetic resonance images also was compared. RESULTS The r-Lac(+lip) substantially decreased in the radiosensitive cases (three lymphomas and one brain cancer) but did not decrease, even at the end of therapy, in the radioresistant cases (two brain cancers and two glioblastomas). CONCLUSION Assessment of r-Lac(+lip) may adjunctively contribute to the early prediction of the radiotherapeutic effect on brain tumors.
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708
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Tatsumi T, Takehara T, Katayama K, Mochizuki K, Yamamoto M, Kanto T, Sasaki Y, Kasahara A, Hayashi N. Expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) on human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 1997; 25:1108-14. [PMID: 9141426 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510250511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Costimulation mediated by costimulatory molecules, such as B7-1 and B7-2, which are ligands for the CD28/cytolytic T lymphocyte associated antigen (CTLA)-4 counter-receptor, plays an important role in the induction of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. We investigated the expressions of B7-1, B7-2, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I in seven human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometric analysis. RT-PCR showed that all these human HCC cell lines were positive for B7-1 and B7-2 at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that they all expressed B7-1, B7-2, and HLA class I on the cell surface. However, the expression levels of B7-1 and B7-2 were very low whereas those of HLA class I were high. B7-1 and B7-2 expression could be increased by treatment with interferon alpha and interferon gamma in a dose-dependent manner, although the expression levels of B7-1 and B7-2 after interferon treatment remained low. By transfecting Hep3B cells with a plasmid containing human B7-1 complementary cDNA (cDNA), we were able to establish Hep3B cell lines strongly expressing B7-1. From mixed lymphocytes and tumor cultures analysis, the primary cytolytic activity against parental Hep3B cells could be induced effectively by B71-transfected Hep3B cells. These findings suggested that B7-1 gene transfer is the best way to induce strong expression of this molecule and this might be useful for immuno-gene therapy against human HCC.
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709
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Hayashi N, Yamamoto S, Kometani M, Nakao K. Pharmacological profile of valsartan, a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. 3rd communication: hemodynamic effects of valsartan in rats and dogs. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1997; 47:620-5. [PMID: 9205775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Valsartan ((S)-N-valeryl-N-¿[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl¿ valine, CAS 137862-53-4, CGP 48933) at 10 and 30 mg/kg p.o. significantly inhibited angiotensin I and angiotensin II-induced pressor response at 1-8 h after administration in normotensive conscious dogs, but had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate or cardiac functions such as cardiac output, left ventricular pressure, left ventricular max. dP/dt and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In contrast to enalapril, this drug did not potentiate bradykinin-induced depressor response. In anesthetized dogs, valsartan at 10 mg/kg i.v. significantly increased renal blood flow, urinary sodium and chloride excretion and urine volume and significantly decreased renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction without affecting blood pressure. The preferential effects on renal hemodynamics were confirmed by the increase in blood flow into the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats at 3 h following oral administration.
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710
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Hayashi N, Hayashi R, Saito Y, Endo S, Akatsuka H, Nishio Y. [Two cases of gastric volvulus]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 1997; 94:336-9. [PMID: 9170881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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711
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Hayashi N, Fujimura Y, Yamamoto S, Kometani M, Nakao K. Pharmacological profile of valsartan, a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. 4th communication: improvement of heart failure of rats with myocardial infarction by valasartan. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1997; 47:625-9. [PMID: 9205776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The hemodynamic effects of valsartan ((S)-N-valeryl-N-¿[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)bipheneoyl-4-yl]meth yl¿valine, CAS 137862-53-4, CGP 48933), a new angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, on rats with myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation was examined. Four weeks after ligation, mean blood pressure, left ventricular pressure and cardiac output decreased, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased in control rats. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure significantly decreased in rats treated with valsartan at 30 mg/kg/d p.o. for 4 weeks. Total systemic resistance remarkably decreased in those with enalapril 3 mg/kg/d p.o. and valsartan 30 mg/kg/d p.o. Valsartan and enalaprilat did not affect cardiac functions of isolated intact rat hearts before and after ischemia in Langendorff apparatus. In addition to hemodynamic effects observed in vivo, valsartan at 30 mg/kg p.o. significantly inhibited left ventricular hypertrophy. Valsartan would thus appear to be clinically useful for treating heart failure following myocardial infarction.
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712
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Mita E, Hayashi N. [Apoptosis in human diseases: role of Fas system in liver cell injury by viral hepatitis]. RINSHO BYORI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 1997; 45:477-82. [PMID: 9170976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are major causative agents of chronic liver disease. However, the mechanisms responsible for liver cell injury remain to be clarified. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in liver cell injury by HCV or HBV infection. Recently, perforin and Fas ligand have been shown to be the only molecules causing T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in short term assays. Therefore, we examined the implication of the Fas system-mediated apoptosis in the liver cell injury. When examined by immunohistochemical method, Fas antigen expression in chronic hepatitis C or B was upregulated in accordance with the severity of liver inflammation. Furthermore, Fas ligand expression was detected in liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis C. These observations suggest that the Fas system plays a dominant role in liver cell injury by viral hepatitis.
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713
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Kometani M, Hayashi N, Yamamoto S, Nakao K, Inukai T. Pharmacological profile of valsartan, a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. 2nd communication: valsartan prevents end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats during 1-year treatment. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1997; 47:613-9. [PMID: 9205774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Valsartan ((S)-N-valeryl-N-¿[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl¿ valine, CAS 137862-53-4, CGP 48933), a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, or enalapril was administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats stroke-prone (SHR-SP) for 1 year from 8 weeks to 56 weeks of age under a normal diet without saline load. During 48 weeks, control rats showed increase in systolic blood pressure from 180 to 250 mmHg accompanying stroke-related behaviour, cardiac and aortic hypertrophy, hyperreactive contractility of mesenteric vascular beds, proteinuria, high water turnover and death. Valsartan at 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg/d p.o. and enalapril at 1 and 10 mg/kg/d p.o suppressed the increase in blood pressure dose-dependently. Systolic blood pressure was steadily controlled to around 180 mmHg at the highest dose of either drug throughout the study. In proportion to the antihypertensive action of the drugs, end-organ damage was prevented. During 1-year administration, effects of enalapril and valsartan were much the same, indicating the clinical usefulness of valsartan being comparable to enalapril.
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714
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Yuki N, Hayashi N, Mita E, Hagiwara H, Ohkawa K, Katayama K, Sasaki Y, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Hepatitis C virus replicative levels and efficiency of genotyping by specific PCR and antibody assay. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:1184-9. [PMID: 9114404 PMCID: PMC232726 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.5.1184-1189.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied factors which influence the detection of hepatitis C virus genotypes by the group-specific PCR of the sequence within the core region gene and by the newly developed genotype-specific NS4 antibody assay. Genotyping was performed on 75 hepatitis C virus carriers in Japan, where patients with hepatitis C viremia are exclusively infected with genotype 1b, 2a, and 2b. PCR failed to identify genotypes in 8 (11%) patients, whereas 12 (16%) patients, including the 8 patients mentioned above, could not be genotyped by the serological assay. Serological genotypes showed almost complete agreement with those found by the PCR except that double infection was revealed in only two of the eight patients serologically judged to be coinfected with genotypes 1 and 2. In each assay, disease activity and levels of viremia assessed by a competitive reverse transcription PCR assay were significantly lower in patients infected with untypeable isolates than in those infected with typeable ones (P < 0.01). The PCR could identify the genotypes of isolates from all 64 patients with levels of viremia of > or = 10(6) copies/ml, and the genotype-specific antibody responses were found in 60 (94%) patients. In contrast, isolates from only 3 (27%) of 11 patients with low levels of viremia (< 10(6) copies/ml) could be genotyped by the PCR (P < 0.00001), and these patients showed the genotype-specific antibody responses (P < 0.00001). These findings suggest that low levels of hepatitis C virus replication may reduce the efficiency of genotyping by serological assay as well as by PCR.
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715
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Tadokoro H, Kozu T, Toki F, Kobayashi M, Hayashi N. Embryological fusion between the ducts of the ventral and dorsal primordia of the pancreas occurs in two manners. Pancreas 1997; 14:407-14. [PMID: 9163788 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199705000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The junction between the main pancreatic duct and the accessory duct has been thought to be the site of fusion between the ducts of the ventral and the dorsal primordia of the pancreas. The aim of this study was to investigate the fusion point between the ventral and the dorsal pancreatic ducts and to determine whether there is any relationship between the configuration of the pancreatic ducts and the manner of embryological fusion. Pancreatography was performed at 22 consecutive autopsies. Immunohistochemical staining of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was performed because PP cells were rich in the ventral pancreas but poor in the dorsal pancreas. We identified two types of fusion. In one type, the ventral and the dorsal pancreatic ducts fuse at their junction (one-point fusion). In the other type, the two ducts fuse not only at the proximal site but at a second, more distal site (two-point fusion). Analysis of the pancreatograms showed that the distance between the junction and the major papilla in two-point fusion is significantly shorter than in one-point fusion (p < 0.01). These results indicate a close correlation between the pattern seen on pancreatograms and the manner of embryological fusion.
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716
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Kimura T, Haruta I, Isobe Y, Ueno E, Toda J, Nemoto Y, Ishikawa K, Miyazono Y, Shimizu K, Yamauchi K, Hayashi N. A novel therapeutic approach for rectal varices: a case report of rectal varices treated with double balloon-occluded embolotherapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:883-6. [PMID: 9149207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a patient with continuous melena, diagnosed as rectal varices bleeding. She had a history of esophageal varices, which was treated by endoscopic ligation therapy. Eight years after the treatment of esophageal varices, the continuous melena began. Colonoscopic examination showed that the melena was caused by rectal varices, which were so severe that they could not be treated by either endoscopic sclerotherapy or surgical devascularization. Taking into considering the overall risk of treating rectal varices, we chose the approach of double balloon-occluded embolotherapy (DBOE) with 5% ethanolamine oleate with iopamodol as a liquid embolic material. DBOE is one of the interventional radiology techniques (Morita et al., Acta Hepatol Jpn 1994;35:109-120), but in this case was a completely new and novel clinical procedure for rectal varices. After the DBOE therapy, the condition of rectal varices was markedly improved. Thus, DBOE might be a new tool for treating inoperable rectal varices.
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717
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Yamamoto S, Hayashi N, Kometani M, Nakao K. Pharmacological profile of valsartan, a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. 5th communication: hemodynamic effects of valsartan in dog heart failure models. ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCHUNG 1997; 47:630-4. [PMID: 9205777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamic effects of valsartan ((S)-N-valeryl-N-¿[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]meth yl¿valine, CAS 137862-53-4, CGP 48933), a non-peptide angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist were examined in dogs with heart failure induced acutely by coronary artery ligation and chronically by rapid-ventricular pacing. Coronary artery ligation induced decrease in cardiac output and increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Valsartan at 10 mg/kg i.v. reduced blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and total systemic resistance. Similar changes were observed with enalaprilat at 0.1 mg/kg i.v. Rapid left ventricular pacing for 2 weeks reduced cardiac contractility. Valsartan, administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg/d p.o. for 2 weeks, lowered left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Valsartan reduced preload and afterload in these two dog heart failure models.
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718
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Onodera K, Takahashi S, Nishimura S, Ohta J, Motohashi H, Yomogida K, Hayashi N, Engel JD, Yamamoto M. GATA-1 transcription is controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms during primitive and definitive erythropoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:4487-92. [PMID: 9114016 PMCID: PMC20749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA-1 is required for the terminal differentiation of both the primitive and definitive erythroid cell lineages, and yet the regulatory mechanisms of GATA-1 itself are not well understood. To clarify how the GATA-1 gene is transcriptionally controlled in vivo, presumptive regulatory regions of the gene were tested by fusion to a reporter gene and then examined in transgenic mice. We found that a transcriptional control element located between -3.9 and -2.6 kb 5' to the erythroid first exon serves as an activating element and that this sequence alone is sufficient to recapitulate the expression of GATA-1 (but uniquely in primitive erythroid cells). Addition of sequences from the GATA-1 first intron to this upstream element provides a necessary and sufficient condition for complete recapitulation of GATA-1 expression in both primitive and definitive erythroid cells. The first intron element does not possess intrinsic transcriptional activation potential when linked to the GATA-1 gene promoter but rather requires the upstream activating element for its activity. These experiments show that GATA-1 gene expression is regulated by discrete transcriptional control elements during definitive and primitive erythropoiesis: The 5' element displays properties anticipated for a primitive erythroid cell-specific activating element, and the novel element within the GATA-1 first intron specifically augments this activity in definitive erythroid cells.
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719
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Tanabe A, Furukawa T, Ogawa Y, Yamamoto M, Hayashi N, Tokunaga R, Taketani S. Involvement of the transcriptional factor GATA-1 in regulation of expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase in mouse erythroleukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:729-36. [PMID: 9168923 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO; EC 1.3.3.3), the sixth enzyme of heme biosynthesis, transcribed from a single promoter is markedly induced during erythroid differentiation. CPO is ubiquitously expressed in all cells. To determine cis-acting elements of the human CPO gene, the promoter region of the gene was isolated, and three potential GATA-1 motifs and four GC boxes were found within this fragment. In a functional analysis of various deletion mutants, we found that the GATA-1 binding site at -143 to -138 was essential for basic and inducible expressions of the CPO gene in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. Gel mobility shift assay revealed that GATA-1 bound to the region is required for the expression and this was confirmed by observations that the nuclear protein bound to the GATA-1 motif was supershifted with anti GATA-1 antibody, by gel mobility shift assay. Furthermore, co-expression of mouse GATA-1 in MEL cells led to an increase in the promoter activity, which was markedly increased by dimethyl sulfoxide-treatment. These results indicate that GATA-1 plays an important role in regulation of transcription of the CPO gene in erythroid cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase/biosynthesis
- Coproporphyrinogen Oxidase/genetics
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology
- Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors
- Erythropoiesis/genetics
- Erythropoiesis/physiology
- GATA1 Transcription Factor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Deletion
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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720
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Noguchi E, Hayashi N, Nakashima N, Nishimoto T. Yrb2p, a Nup2p-related yeast protein, has a functional overlap with Rna1p, a yeast Ran-GTPase-activating protein. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:2235-46. [PMID: 9121474 PMCID: PMC232073 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.4.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ran-GTPase cycle is important for nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules and other nuclear processes. We employed the two-hybrid method to identify proteins interacting with Ran and the Ran GTP/GDP exchange factor. Using PRP20, encoding the Ran GTP/GDP exchange factor, we identified YRB1, previously identified as a protein able to interact with human Ran GTP/GDP exchange factor RCC1 in the two-hybrid system. Using GSP1, encoding the yeast Ran, as bait, we isolated YRB2. YRB2 encodes a protein containing a Ran-binding motif similar to that found in Yrb1p and Nup2p. Yrb1p is located in the cytosol whereas Nup2p is nuclear. Similar to Yrb1p, Yrb2p bound to GTP-Gsp1p but not to GDP-Gsp1p and enhanced the GTPase-activating activity of Rna1p. However, unlike Yrb1p, Yrb2p did not inhibit the nucleotide-releasing activity of Prp20p. While overproduction of Yrb1p inhibited the growth of a mutant possessing a PRP20 mutation (srm1-1) and suppressed the rna1-1 mutation, overproduction of Yrb2p showed no effect on the growth of these mutants. Disruption of YRB2 made yeast cold sensitive and was synthetically lethal with rna1-1 but not with nup2delta. Nuclear protein import and the mRNA export were normal in strains possessing mutations of YRB2. We propose that Yrb2p is involved in the nuclear processes of the Ran-GTPase cycle which are not related to nucleus-cytosol exchange of macromolecules.
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Yamashita J, Ogawa M, Abe M, Hayashi N, Kurusu Y, Kawahara K, Shirakusa T. Tumor neutrophil elastase is closely associated with the direct extension of non-small cell lung cancer into the aorta. Chest 1997; 111:885-90. [PMID: 9106565 DOI: 10.1378/chest.111.4.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophil elastase (NE) is the only neutral protease that is able to degrade insoluble elastin and other extracellular matrix constituents, and thus, may be involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Using a highly specific and sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA), we recently demonstrated that immunoreactive (ir)-NE is produced by non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. We have measured the ir-NE concentration in non-small cell lung cancer tumor extracts and have evaluated its association with disease stage. METHODS We measured the ir-NE concentration in 144 non-small cell lung cancer tumor extracts using EIA, which permits the rapid measurement of both the free and alpha1-protease inhibitor (alpha1-PI) complexed form of ir-NE. In 15 clinical T4 (cT4) patients, we also determined the concentration of free ir-NE in tumor extracts using a kit that detects only NE complexed with alpha1-PI and subtracting that value from the total NE concentration. RESULTS ir-NE was detected in tumor extracts from 115 of 144 patients, ranging from 0.21 to 23.35 microg/100 mg protein. When the 144 specimens were grouped according to the clinical stage of disease, the ir-NE concentration (mean+/-SE) was significantly higher in those with cT4 disease (n=15; 7.90+/-1.88 microg/100 mg protein) than in those with cT1 (n=29; 1.27+/-0.27; p<0.001), cT2 (n=64; 1.18+/-0.17; p<0.001), or cT3 disease (n=26; 1.99+/-0.38; p<0.003). There was no significant association between the ir-NE concentration and cN-factor or any other clinical features. When the ir-NE concentration in the tumor extracts of the cT4 patients was compared with respect to the tumor invasion sites, the ir-NE level was significantly higher in those with surgical T4 (sT4) disease with aortic invasion (n=4; 17.4+/-3.10) than in those who were down-staged postoperatively (n=5; 4.9+/-1.33; p=0.005) or those with sT4 disease with involvement of other sites (n=6; 4.07+/-1.83; p=0.004). Similar results were observed for the free form of ir-NE. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that NE may be involved in tumor progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Since the aorta is one of the richest sources of polymeric and insoluble elastin, this enzyme may play an active role in the direct extension of the tumor into the aorta.
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722
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Yamamoto K, Masuzawa M, Kato M, Kurosawa K, Kaneko A, Ishida H, Imamura E, Park NJ, Shirai Y, Fujimoto K, Michida T, Hayashi N, Ikeda M. Evaluation of combined therapy with chemoembolization and ethanol injection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Oncol 1997; 24:S6-50-S6-55. [PMID: 9151917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, we studied the effectiveness of TACE therapy combined with PEIT (50 cases) and TACE alone (50 cases). In both groups, patients had multiple lesions, or a single lesion with a diameter exceeding 2 cm or with vascular invasion (stages II, III, and IV in the tumor staging classification of the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan). The clinical features in the two groups were comparable. The cumulative survival rates with TACE-PEIT were 95.0% for 1 year, 72.5% for 2 years, and 50.0% for 3 years, whereas the rates with TACE alone were 92.5% for 1 year, 57.5% for 2 years, and 20.0% for 3 years. The survival rate in the TACE-PEIT group was significantly higher than that in the TACE alone group. Moreover, the survival rate of patients with stage II or III disease in the TACE-PEIT group was significantly better than that in the TACE alone group, and the survival rate of patients with Child's classification B or C in the TACE-PEIT group was significantly higher than that in the TACE alone group. Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard regression model showed that the most significant prognostic factors in the TACE-PEIT group were tumor embolus in the portal vein and the number of tumors. These results suggest the effectiveness of combining TACE and PEIT for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Minegishi N, Morita S, Minegishi M, Tsuchiya S, Konno T, Hayashi N, Yamamoto M. Expression of GATA transcription factors in myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Int J Hematol 1997; 65:239-49. [PMID: 9114595 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-5710(96)00553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the hematopoietic lineage, the transcription factors GATA-1 and GATA-2 show restricted and largely overlapping expression profiles, but GATA-2 is uniquely expressed in early hematopoietic progenitors. GATA-3 is found exclusively in T cells of hematopoietic lineage. To clarify whether these expression profiles are preserved or changed during the development of malignancies, we analyzed the expression of GATA factors in the blasts from leukemic children. A total of 18 myelogenous leukemia and 24 lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases were investigated. In the majority of the former cases, GATA-2 mRNA expression and the expression of CD34 and c-kit antigens on leukemic cells were demonstrated. In contrast, GATA-2 mRNA and c-kit antigen could not be detected in CD34-positive cells from ALL patients. GATA-3 mRNA was expressed in all T-ALL cases, but not in any precursor B-ALL. These findings suggest that down-regulation of GATA-2 and expression of GATA-3 are important events for the commitment of cells to lymphoid and T cell lineage, respectively. The expression profiles of GATA factors in leukemic cells are generally consistent with those in their normal counterparts, and thus provide a useful tool to determine the lineage commitment of unclassified leukemia.
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Mori K, Yoneya S, Hayashi N, Abe T, Isono H, Nishiyama Y. [Angiography by scanning laser ophthalmoscope with fluorescein compounds of different physicochemical properties]. NIPPON GANKA GAKKAI ZASSHI 1997; 101:318-26. [PMID: 9136571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed angiography in photocoagulated eyes using four fluorescent dyes that have different molecular weight, lipid solubility, and electric charge. These findings were compared with those of sodium fluorescein (Naf) and indocyanine green (ICG). Angiograms were obtained with Naf, ICG and two fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans at different molecular weight (FITC-D4: MW 4,400, FITC-D40: MW 38,900). We also used two other dyes: carboxyfluorescein (Caf: less lipid soluble) and calcein (Calc: a highly negatively charged molecule). Two and four days after laser photocoagulation of retina, dye leakage was still evident at the photocoagulated sites with Naf, Caf, Calc and FITC-D4. Angiograms taken after Caf and Calc injection showed more intense and rapid dye leakage than with Naf. Contrary to this, little dye leakage was observed with ICG and FITC-D40. These findings indicated that the critical molecular weight for permeation lay between 4,400 and 38,900 once the breakdown of blood retinal barrier occurred. In addition, difference in molecular weight is a major factor determining dye permeability at the photocoagulated retinal lesions, among other possibilities such as lipid solubility and electric charge.
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725
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Cerino A, Bissolati M, Cividini A, Nicosia A, Esumi M, Hayashi N, Mizuno K, Slobbe R, Oudshoorn P, Silini E, Asti M, Mondelli MU. Antibody responses to the hepatitis C virus E2 protein: relationship to viraemia and prevalence in anti-HCV seronegative subjects. J Med Virol 1997. [PMID: 8986942 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199701)51:1<1::aid-jmv1>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A small proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection show no serological responses to the HCV polypeptides incorporated in commercial III generation immunoassays. To determine whether sera from these subjects contain antibodies to the highly immunoreactive second envelope polypeptide E2, which is not included in current anti-HCV assays, we studied 59 anti-HCV negative subjects who were found consistently to be HCV RNA positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Controls included 167 anti-HCV seropositive patients with or without serum HCV RNA and normal subjects. Antibodies to the E2 region were sought for by ELISA using the following antigens: a full length E2 protein expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector and extracted under denaturing conditions (dE2), and a C-terminal truncated soluble E2 (sE2) protein (a.a. 390-683), also expressed with a baculovirus vector, containing a signal peptide of rabies virus G protein which allows its secretion into the culture supernatant. Sera from only two (3.4%) of the 59 anti-HCV negative, HCV RNA positive patients recognised sE2 and none dE2. In sharp contrast, 82% of seropositive, viraemic patients recognised sE2 and 60% dE2, the difference in immunoreactivity being statistically significant (P < 0.0003). A significantly lower proportion of sera from anti-HCV positive, HCV RNA negative subjects recognised either sE2 or dE2 (16% and 13%, respectively, P < 0.000001). Healthy controls were consistently negative. These results indicate that antibody responses to predominantly conformational epitopes on the HCV E2 protein are common in patients with chronic HCV infection and are strictly related to the presence of circulating viral genomes. In contrast, only a minor proportion of HCV RNA positive patients, but anti-HCV seronegative by commercial immunoassays, have humoral immune responses to the HCV E2 region.
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