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Harrington DW, Dean J, Wilson K, Qamar Z. "We don't have such a thing, that you may be allergic": Newcomers' understandings of food allergies in Canada. Chronic Illn 2015; 11:126-39. [PMID: 25085906 DOI: 10.1177/1742395314546136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies are emerging as important public health risks in Canada, affecting 3-4% of adults and 6-7% of children. Despite much lower prevalence rates among recent immigrants (i.e. in the country less than 10 years), evidence has shown this population to be more concerned about the risks of food allergies than the general population and have unique experiences around purchasing foods for allergen-free environments. As a substantial and growing segment of the Canadian population, it is important to understand newcomers' perceptions and knowledge of food allergies and related policies developed to protect allergic children (e.g. nut-free schools and or classrooms). This paper draws upon the results of focus groups conducted with newcomers from food allergic households (i.e. directly affected), as well as those with school-aged children who have to prepare or buy foods for allergen-controlled classrooms or schools (i.e. indirectly affected) living in Mississauga, Ontario. Results indicate unique challenges and understandings of food allergies as a new and unfamiliar risk for most newcomers, particularly as the indirectly affected participants negotiate the policy landscape. The directly affected group highlights the supportive environment in Canada resulting from the same policies and increased awareness in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Dean
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Zafar Qamar
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Harding A, Vernazza CR, Wilson K, Harding J, Girdler NM. What are dental non-attenders' preferences for anxiety management techniques? A cross-sectional study based at a dental access centre. Br Dent J 2015; 218:415-20; discussion 421. [PMID: 25858739 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental anxiety is a barrier to attendance. Dental non-attenders may seek emergency care and may prefer to receive anxiety management measures for treatment required. Little is known about the preferences of these dental non-attenders for different anxiety management techniques. Understanding such preferences may inform management pathways, improve experiences, alleviate anxieties and encourage a more regular attendance pattern. As such, the aim of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the dental anxiety of patients attending a dental access centre for emergency dental treatment and to ascertain preferences for different anxiety management techniques. DESIGN Cross-sectional study involving self-completed questionnaires and clinical observation. SETTING NHS Dental Access Centre, York, UK. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred participants not registered with a general dental practitioner, aged 18 years or over, experiencing pain and self-referred were recruited on a consecutive sampling basis. Participants completed a questionnaire eliciting demographic and dental history details, dental anxiety and preferences for dental anxiety management options. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Correlation of the modified dental anxiety scale with preference for different dental anxiety management techniques. RESULTS No significant predictive factors were found that explained preferring local anaesthetic to sedation, or general anaesthesia for restorations or extractions. Those highly anxious were less likely to consider tell-show-do techniques (p=0.001) or watching explanatory videos (p=0.004) to be helpful for overcoming their anxieties than the low or moderate anxiety groups. CONCLUSIONS People attending access centres may represent a group who are unwilling to explore non-pharmacological methods to overcome their anxieties. This supports the need for sedation to provide treatment. Future work may include exploring in more depth the thoughts and opinions of this group of patients to improve understanding of their complex dental attitudes. From this, more effective strategies may be developed to encourage regular dental attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harding
- Monkgate Dental Department, 31-33 Monkgate, York
| | - C R Vernazza
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle
| | - K Wilson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle
| | - J Harding
- 1] Department of Social Sciences and Languages, University of Northumbria, Ellison Place, Newcastle [2] Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle
| | - N M Girdler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle
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Brooks J, Wilson K, Hebron B, Schneider C. CP-122 Improving access to specialist pharmaceutical care: an alternative model to ward-based clinical pharmacy services. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000639.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Royal Victoria Hospital, a geriatric medicine assessment and rehabilitation hospital in Edinburgh, was re-provided into a new 130 bed purpose-built unit on the Western General Hospital site in June 2012. All patient rooms in the new unit are single occupancy with en-suite facilities. METHODS We surveyed inpatients on their room preference in 2008 and repeated the survey with inpatients in the new unit in 2013. Patients were asked whether they would prefer to be in a shared room or a single room and to explain the reason behind their choice. They were also asked whether they would prefer to eat their meals in a day/dining room or by their bed. The patients in the 2013 survey were also questioned as to whether they felt lonely in their single room. Forty-three inpatients agreed to participate in the 2008 survey and 46 in the 2013 survey. All had an abbreviated mental test score≥8/10. In 2008, those surveyed had a mean age of 78. In 2013, the mean age was 83. RESULTS In 2008, 37.2% of patients expressed a preference for single room accommodation, whereas in 2013, 84.8% said that they preferred a single room. The majority of patients, 60.5% in 2008 and 76.1% in 2013, preferred to eat their meal at their bedside. Only 8.7% of patients in 2013 would consider eating in a day/dining room compared with 34.9% in 2008. In the 2013 survey, 60.9% of patients reported that they never felt lonely in a single room. DISCUSSION The benefits of single room versus multi-occupancy room hospital accommodation has been recently debated. The results from our survey indicate a marked difference in the preference for a single room between 2008 and 2013. The introduction of open visiting and care rounding has reduced the risk of isolation in single rooms. Our survey introduces new discussion about social isolation, privacy, noise levels and patient well-being and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reid
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - K Wilson
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - K E Anderson
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - C P J Maguire
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Soller L, Ben-Shoshan M, Harrington DW, Knoll M, Fragapane J, Joseph L, St. Pierre Y, La Vieille S, Wilson K, Elliott SJ, Clarke AE. Adjusting for nonresponse bias corrects overestimates of food allergy prevalence. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 2015; 3:291-293.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Houdmont J, Clemes S, Munir F, Wilson K, Kerr R, Addley K. Psychosocial work environment and leisure-time physical activity: the Stormont Study. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:215-9. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Graham RI, Deacutis JM, Simpson SJ, Wilson K. Body condition constrains immune function in field populations of female Australian plague locust Chortoicetes terminifera. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:233-41. [PMID: 25677076 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The insect innate immune system comprises both humoral and cellular defence responses. In the laboratory, the insect immune system is well characterized. In the field, however, little is known about the role of constitutive insect immune function and how it varies within and between populations. Laboratory studies suggest that host nutrition has significant impact upon insect immune function. Thus, the rationale for this study was to sample natural populations of the Australian Plague Locust Chortoicetes terminifera to establish whether locust body condition (as determined by protein and lipid content) impacted their constitutive immune system and, as a result, has the potential to impact on their capacity to respond to a pathogenic challenge. We found that body condition varied greatly between individual female locusts within sites and that haemolymph protein levels, but not body lipid content, varied between sites. Moreover, our measures of immune function were correlated with the haemolymph levels of protein (in the case of haemocyte density), lipid (prophenoloxidase activity) or both (lysozyme-like antimicrobial activity). We discuss the implications of these findings for the role of biological pesticides in the control of locust populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Bonilla
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus USA
| | - K. Wilson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus USA
| | - E. M. Santschi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus USA
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Bailit JL, Grobman W, Zhao Y, Wapner RJ, Reddy UM, Varner MW, Leveno KJ, Caritis SN, Iams JD, Tita AT, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Rouse DJ, Blackwell SC, Tolosa JE, VanDorsten JP, Mercer B, Milluzzi C, Dalton W, Dotson T, McDonald P, Brezine C, McGrail A, Mallett G, Ramos-Brinson M, Roy A, Stein L, Campbell P, Collins C, Jackson N, Dinsmoor M, Senka J, Paychek K, Peaceman A, Talucci M, Zylfijaj M, Reid Z, Leed R, Benson J, Forester S, Kitto C, Davis S, Falk M, Perez C, Hill K, Sowles A, Postma J, Alexander S, Andersen G, Scott V, Morby V, Jolley K, Miller J, Berg B, Thorp J, Dorman K, Mitchell J, Kaluta E, Clark K, Spicer K, Timlin S, Wilson K, Moseley L, Santillan M, Price J, Buentipo K, Bludau V, Thomas T, Fay L, Melton C, Kingsbery J, Benezue R, Simhan H, Bickus M, Fischer D, Kamon T, DeAngelis D, Shubert P, Latimer C, Guzzo L, Johnson F, Gerwig L, Fyffe S, Loux D, Frantz S, Cline D, Wylie S, Iams J, Wallace M, Northen A, Grant J, Colquitt C, Moss J, Salazar A, Acosta A, Hankins G, Hauff N, Palmer L, Lockhart P, Driscoll D, Wynn L, Sudz C, Dengate D, Girard C, Field S, Breault P, Smith F, Annunziata N, Allard D, Silva J, Gamage M, Hunt J, Tillinghast J, Corcoran N, Jimenez M, Ortiz F, Givens P, Rech B, Moran C, Hutchinson M, Spears Z, Carreno C, Heaps B, Zamora G, Seguin J, Rincon M, Snyder J, Farrar C, Lairson E, Bonino C, Smith W, Beach K, Van Dyke S, Butcher S, Thom E, Rice M, McGee P, Momirova V, Palugod R, Reamer B, Larsen M, Williams T, Spong C, Tolivaisa S. Nonmedically indicated induction vs expectant treatment in term nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:103.e1-7. [PMID: 24983681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in nulliparous women with nonmedically indicated inductions at term vs those expectantly treated. STUDY DESIGN Data were obtained from maternal and neonatal charts for all deliveries on randomly selected days across 25 US hospitals over a 3-year period. A low-risk subset of nulliparous women with vertex nonanomalous singleton gestations who delivered 38 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks were selected. Maternal and neonatal outcomes for nonmedically indicated induction within each week were compared with women who did not undergo nonmedically indicated induction during that week. Multivariable analysis was used to adjust for hospital, maternal age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, cigarette use, and insurance status. RESULTS We found 31,169 women who met our criteria. Neonatal complications were either less frequent with nonmedically indicated induction or no different between groups. Nonmedically indicated induction was associated with less frequent peripartum infections (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.98) at 38 weeks of gestation and less frequent third- and fourth-degree lacerations (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86) and less frequent peripartum infections (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.90) at 39 weeks of gestation. Nonmedically indicated induction was associated with a longer admission-to-delivery time by approximately 3-4 hours and increased odds of cesarean delivery at 38 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.08-2.08) and 40 weeks (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46) of gestation. CONCLUSION At 39 weeks of gestation, nonmedically indicated induction is associated with lower maternal and neonatal morbidity than women who are expectantly treated.
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Soller L, Ben-Shoshan M, Harrington DW, Knoll M, Fragapane J, Joseph L, St Pierre Y, La Vieille S, Wilson K, Elliott SJ, Clarke AE. Prevalence and predictors of food allergy in Canada: a focus on vulnerable populations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2014; 3:42-9. [PMID: 25577617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that individuals of low education and/or income, new Canadians (immigrated <10 years ago), and individuals of Aboriginal identity may have fewer food allergies than the general population. However, given the difficulty in recruiting such populations (hereafter referred to as vulnerable populations), by using conventional survey methodologies, the prevalence of food allergy among these populations in Canada has not been estimated. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of food allergy among vulnerable populations in Canada, to compare with the nonvulnerable populations and to identify demographic characteristics predictive of food allergy. METHODS By using 2006 Canadian Census data, postal codes with high proportions of vulnerable populations were identified and households were randomly selected to participate in a telephone survey. Information on food allergies and demographics was collected. Prevalence estimates were weighted by using Census data to account for the targeted sampling. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of food allergy. RESULTS Of 12,762 eligible households contacted, 5734 households completed the questionnaire (45% response rate). Food allergy was less common among adults without postsecondary education versus those with postsecondary education (6.4% [95% CI, 5.5%-7.3%] vs 8.9% [95% CI, 7.7%-10%]) and new Canadians versus those born in Canada (3.2% [95% CI, 2.2%-4.3%] vs 8.2% [95% CI, 7.4%-9.1%]). There was no difference in prevalence between those of low and of high income or those with and without Aboriginal identity. CONCLUSION Analysis of our data suggests that individuals of low education and new Canadians self-report fewer allergies, which may be due to genetics, environment, lack of appropriate health care, or lack of awareness of allergies, which reduces self-report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Soller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Megan Knoll
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Fragapane
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yvan St Pierre
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan J Elliott
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann E Clarke
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Khawaja MZ, Williams R, Hung J, Arri S, Asrress KN, Bolter K, Wilson K, Young CP, Bapat V, Hancock J, Thomas M, Redwood S. Impact of preprocedural mitral regurgitation upon mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis. Heart 2014; 100:1799-803. [PMID: 25155800 PMCID: PMC4215343 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the effects of preprocedural significant mitral regurgitation (MR) and change in MR severity upon mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) using the Edwards SAPIEN system. Methods A retrospective analysis of 316 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI for aortic stenosis at a single centre in the UK between March 2008 and January 2013. Patients were stratified into two groups according to severity of MR: ≥grade 3 were classed as significant and ≤grade 2 were non-significant. Change in MR severity was assessed by comparison of baseline and 30-day echocardiograms. Results 60 patients had significant MR prior to TAVI (19.0%). These patients were of higher perioperative risk (logistic EuroScore 28.7±16.6% vs 20.3±10.7%, p=0.004) and were more dyspnoeic (New York Heart Association class IV 20.0% vs 7.4%, p=0.014). Patients with significant preprocedural MR displayed greater 12-month and cumulative mortality (28.3% vs 20.2%, log-rank p=0.024). Significant MR was independently associated with mortality (HR 4.94 (95% CI 2.07 to 11.8), p<0.001). Of the 60 patients with significant MR only 47.1% had grade 3–4 MR at 30 days (p<0.001). Patients in whom MR improved had lower mortality than those in whom it deteriorated (log-rank p=0.05). Conclusions Significant MR is frequently seen in patients undergoing TAVI and is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality. Yet almost half also exhibit significant improvements in MR severity. Those who improve have better outcomes, and future work could focus upon identifying factors independently associated with such an improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Khawaja
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, London, UK Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Williams
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, London, UK Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Hung
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, London, UK
| | - S Arri
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, London, UK Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K N Asrress
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, London, UK Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Bolter
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Wilson
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C P Young
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - V Bapat
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Hancock
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Thomas
- Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Redwood
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, London, UK Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Paley J, Messier M, Raja R, Akgun U, Asner D, Aydin G, Baker W, Barnes P, Bergfeld T, Beverly L, Bhatnagar V, Choudhary B, Dukes E, Duru F, Feldman G, Godley A, Graf N, Gronberg J, Gülmez E, Günaydin Y, Gustafson H, Hartouni E, Hanlet P, Heffner M, Kaplan D, Kamaev O, Klay J, Kumar A, Lange D, Lebedev A, Ling J, Longo M, Lu L, Materniak C, Mahajan S, Meyer H, Miller D, Mishra S, Nelson K, Nigmanov T, Norman A, Onel Y, Penzo A, Peterson R, Rajaram D, Ratnikov D, Rosenfeld C, Rubin H, Seun S, Singh A, Solomey N, Soltz R, Torun Y, Wilson K, Wright D, Wu Q. Measurement of charged pion production yields off the NuMI target. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.90.032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pollott GE, Wilson K, Jerram L, Fowkes RC, Lawson C. Technical note: A noninvasive method for measuring mammary apoptosis and epithelial cell activation in dairy animals using microparticles extracted from milk. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:5017-22. [PMID: 24913646 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G E Pollott
- Department of Production and Public Health, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - K Wilson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - L Jerram
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - R C Fowkes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - C Lawson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
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Soller L, Cherkaoui S, Ben-Shoshan M, Harrington DW, Knoll M, Fragapane J, Joseph L, St Pierre Y, La Vieille S, Wilson K, Elliott SJ, Clarke AE. Likelihood of being prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector in allergic Canadians with lower educational levels. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:326-9. [PMID: 25087187 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne Soller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sabrine Cherkaoui
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Ben-Shoshan
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Megan Knoll
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Fragapane
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yvan St Pierre
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan J Elliott
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann E Clarke
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Fell DB, Platt RW, Lanes A, Wilson K, Kaufman JS, Basso O, Buckeridge D. Fetal death and preterm birth associated with maternal influenza vaccination: systematic review. BJOG 2014; 122:17-26. [PMID: 25040307 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before 2012, few studies had addressed pregnancy outcomes following maternal influenza vaccination; however, the number of publications on this topic has increased recently. OBJECTIVES To review comparative studies evaluating fetal death or preterm birth associated with influenza vaccination during pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched bibliographic databases from inception to April 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA Experimental or observational studies assessing the relationship between influenza vaccination during pregnancy and fetal death or preterm birth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently abstracted data from studies meeting the inclusion criteria. MAIN RESULTS We included one randomised clinical trial and 26 observational studies. Meta-analyses were not considered appropriate because of high clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Three studies of fetal death at any gestational age reported adjusted effect estimates in the range 0.56-0.79, and four of five studies of fetal death at <20 weeks reported adjusted estimates between 0.89 and 1.23, all with confidence intervals including 1.0. Adjusted effect estimates for four of five studies of fetal death at ≥20 weeks ranged from 0.44 to 0.77 (two with confidence intervals not crossing 1.0), whereas a fifth reported a non-significant effect in the opposite direction. Among 19 studies of preterm birth, there was no strong evidence suggesting any increased risk, and meta-regression did not explain the moderate between-study heterogeneity (I(2) = 57%). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Most studies reported no association between fetal death or preterm birth and influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Although several reported risk reductions, results may be biased by methodological shortcomings of observational studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Fell
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Matata B, Mediratta N, Morgan M, Shirley S, Scawn N, Kemp I, Stables R, Haycox A, Houten R, Richards S, McLeod C, Lane S, Sharma A, Wilson K. The impact of continuous haemofiltration with high-volume fluid exchange during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery on the recovery of patients with impaired renal function: a pilot randomised trial. Health Technol Assess 2014; 17:i-xiv, 1-84. [PMID: 24176099 DOI: 10.3310/hta17490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is widespread variability in clinical practice within cardiac surgery units worldwide on the use of haemofiltration. The clinical impact and safety of this modality is, however, unknown. OBJECTIVES The primary pilot trial objectives were as follows: to assess the feasibility of randomising 60 patients with impaired kidney function undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery within 6 months; to assess the suitability and reliability of our chosen outcome measures; to explore issues that may impact on recruitment into a definitive trial; and to undertake an exploratory economic evaluation. DESIGN A pilot, single-centre, open-label randomised trial. SETTING Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust between November 2010 and March 2012. PARTICIPANTS Men and women, aged > 18 years of age, undergoing on-pump CABG surgery, who had pre-operative impaired kidney function indicated by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of < 60 ml/minute adjusted for 1.73 m(2) of body surface area. INTERVENTIONS Group 1: patients who received haemofiltration during bypass (experimental group). Group 2: patients who did not receive haemofiltration during bypass (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (1) Feasibility outcome measures: barriers to recruitment to a larger trial were documented as observations made during the recruitment period of the trial. Reliability of data collection methods was monitored using a 13-point case record form validation check for data entry against the patient clinical notes and the trial database. (2) The main clinical outcomes were frequency of intensive care unit (ICU) stay of duration > 3 days and the length of ICU stay days. (3) Other clinical outcomes were the need for postoperative haemofiltration in the ICU, mechanical ventilation time, hospital stay, composite of outcome of unfavourable perioperative events and eGFR values at 6 weeks' follow-up. (4) Secondary health economic feasibility outcomes. RESULTS Recruitment into the pilot trial was from 21 November 2010 to 30 March 2012. Thirty-seven eligible patients were consented and successfully randomised into the trial arms (30%). The main issues impacting on recruitment were the high volume of off-pump CABG surgery within the centre; recruitment being restricted to research nurses' working hours of the week; issues arising associated with the screening process for identifying prospective eligible patients based on eGFR values; protocol deviations/treatment crossovers; and unexpected outbreaks of pandemic influenza and other infectious conditions. The data collection process was sufficiently robust, with few errors detected. The length of ICU stay days was deemed a suitable primary outcome. There was an overall trend towards reduction in the length of ICU stay for patients who were given intraoperative haemofiltration, more so for those with diabetes. The economic evaluation estimated that the incremental costs per person were £1744 lower for the intraoperative haemofiltration group, while the incremental benefits per person increased by 0.11. CONCLUSION Given sufficient resources and broadening of the inclusion criteria, the recruitment into a larger multicentre trial is feasible and may demonstrate potential clinical and cost benefits of using intraoperative haemofiltration in this group of patients. However, owing to the small sample size in this pilot trial, no firm conclusions can be drawn from the findings at this stage. The outcomes of this pilot study are very encouraging and suggest that it is feasible to design a continuous superiority trial with the length of ICU stay days or time to tracheal extubation as the primary outcome measure, provided that guidelines for avoiding bias are implemented. An alternative primary outcome measure that avoids bias is mortality. The inclusion criteria should also be widened to include all cardiac surgery patients with impaired renal function. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN49513454. FUNDING This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 17, No. 49. See the HTA programme website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Matata
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Kwolek EM, Wilson K, Hall S. 202: Sibling Superhero Day – Honouring Siblings of Medically Complex Children at the Alberta Children's Hospital. Paediatr Child Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/19.6.e35-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Harrington D, Wilson K, Rosenberg M. Waiting for a Specialist Consultation for a New Condition in Ontario: Impacts on Patients' Lives. Healthc Policy 2014. [DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2014.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Harrington DW, Wilson K, Rosenberg MW. Waiting for a specialist consultation for a new condition in Ontario: impacts on patients' lives. Healthc Policy 2014; 9:90-103. [PMID: 24973486 PMCID: PMC4749887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As leading barriers to specialist care, wait times are at the forefront of the Canadian healthcare policy agenda. However, knowledge is limited about how wait times affect patients' lives. We utilized the 2010 Canadian Community Health Survey to examine the experience of patients requiring a consultation with a medical specialist for a new condition. Multivariate logistic regression predicted the likelihood that a respondent self-reported his or her life was affected. Subsequent cross-tabulations determined the ways in which life was affected. Females, middle-aged respondents, new immigrants and those with low income and poor health status were more likely to report their life was affected. Worry, stress and anxiety were the most frequently reported impacts, followed by pain, stress on family/friends, deterioration of health and loss of work. Our research demonstrates a need to address the impacts of wait times on health and well-being, with a focus on particular subpopulation groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON
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Radkevich VZ, Wilson K, Khaminets SG, Sen’ko TL. Effect of preparation conditions on the formation of the active phase of carbon fiber catalytic systems for the low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide. Kinet Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158414020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Greene LE, Wilson K, McIntyre G, Wilson J, Mehendale FV. A novel patient-controlled bidirectional palatal lift appliance. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2014; 52:96-101. [PMID: 24605929 DOI: 10.1597/12-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Palatal lift appliances have a role in management of velopharyngeal dysfunction for immobile palates of adequate length where surgery is contraindicated. Conventional appliances involve acrylic/wire work adjustment over successive appointments until they can be tolerated without gagging. A novel appliance has been developed where the lifting plate is incrementally distalized by the patient and vertically adjusted to optimize soft palate positioning. METHOD The design, construction, and utility of the appliance, which was developed in Dundee Dental Hospital, are described. PARTICIPANTS The subject was a 12-year-old boy with a variant of Moebius syndrome and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Previous pharyngoplasty had been carried out and further surgery was contraindicated. INTERVENTIONS The appliance is constructed and fitted and the flexible spring arm is vertically adjusted to lift the soft palate. The screw is turned incrementally at home, extending the lifting plate posteriorly. Videofluoroscopy allows visualization of the appliance and soft palate positioning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES/RESULTS The procedure improved soft palate positioning, as demonstrated by videofluoroscopy, and objective speech outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The appliance was well tolerated and led to improved speech outcomes for the patient. Adjustments were quick and easy for both clinician and patient. Further studies are needed to definitively determine the efficacy of the appliance.
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Soller L, Ben‐Shoshan M, Knoll M, Harrington D, Fragapane J, Joseph L, St Pierre Y, La Vieille S, Wilson K, Elliott S, Clarke A. PD16 ‐ Prevalence of childhood food allergy in Canada: a focus on under‐represented populations. Clin Transl Allergy 2014. [PMCID: PMC4082123 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-s1-p16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ben-Shoshan M, Soller L, Harrington D, Knoll M, Vieille SL, Fragapane J, Joseph L, Pierre YS, Wilson K, Elliott S, Clarke AE. Environmental and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Food Allergy: A Nested Case-Control Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wilson K, Sweeney L. Abstract P2-12-06: Implementing a comprehensive genetic risk assessment and testing service at an outpatient breast imaging center. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p2-12-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and there are a variety of available methods to determine which women have an above-average risk to develop breast cancer. However, it can be a challenge to identify patients who may benefit from genetic counseling and should be offered genetic testing. This study examines our data and experience in performing genetic risk assessment and offering on-site genetic counseling in an outpatient breast imaging center. A screening questionnaire asking about personal and family cancer history was created and given to every patient coming in for either screening or diagnostic mammogram. The questionnaires were reviewed by both the breast radiologist and nurse navigator, and those identified as appropriate were offered appointments with the genetic counselor. Genetic counseling appointments are available two days per month. Data was obtained over an eight month period from August 2012- March 2013. During this time, 8768 mammograms were performed and 406 individuals were identified as having a history suspicious for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and offered an appointment with a genetic counselor. Out of these 406 individuals, 83 scheduled appointments with the genetic counselor, 108 declined appointments, and 215 are pending. Some of the genetic counseling appointments were made after March 31, 2013 and the outcomes are not included at this time. Thirty-six patients were ultimately seen for genetic counseling and risk assessment in this time frame, with 28 undergoing testing. Out of the 28 patients tested during this time period, one was positive and one had a variant of unknown significance. Out of the 36 patients seen for genetic counseling, 27 were identified as increased risk for breast cancer either by having a Gail risk assessment score ≥1.67% or Tyrer-Cuzick risk assessment score ≥19.5% and were eligible for chemoprevention or breast MRI, respectively. This clinic model demonstrates that on-site genetic counseling is feasible in an outpatient breast imaging setting. Prior to offering on-site genetic counseling, this center used the same questionnaire to identify patients and sent a recommendation for genetic counseling to the referring physician ordering the mammogram. This system relied on the physician to make a referral to an off-site genetic counselor. From the period of May 2012- August 2012, 139 patients were identified by the same questionnaire with 17 patients being referred to genetic counseling, and only 3 of these patients were ultimately seen by the genetic counselor. By providing on-site genetic counseling, the percentage of patients seen for genetic counseling increased from 2.15% (3/139) to 8.87% (36/406). In addition, more outcomes are known since 100% of patients identified to be at risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian cancer were offered genetic counseling, and if a patient declined, a reason was documented. The risk assessment algorithm outlined here identified more patients that either tested positive for a BRCA mutation or were at an increased 5-year or lifetime risk to develop breast cancer that may not have been detected otherwise.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-12-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wilson
- University of Texas Health Science Center- Houston, Houston, TX; Memorial Hermann Breast Care Center, Houston, TX
| | - L Sweeney
- University of Texas Health Science Center- Houston, Houston, TX; Memorial Hermann Breast Care Center, Houston, TX
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Wilson K, Mole DJ, Binnie M, Homer NZM, Zheng X, Yard BA, Iredale JP, Auer M, Webster SP. Bacterial expression of human kynurenine 3-monooxygenase: solubility, activity, purification. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 95:96-103. [PMID: 24316190 PMCID: PMC3969302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report of soluble and active bacterially expressed human KMO protein. Partial purification of the enzyme was achieved and the two protein co-elutants identified. Steady state kinetic parameters were comparable to those reported for mammalian expressed. The C-terminal membrane targetting domain of human KMO is required for its enzymatic activity.
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is an enzyme central to the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. KMO has been implicated as a therapeutic target in several disease states, including Huntington’s disease. Recombinant human KMO protein production is challenging due to the presence of transmembrane domains, which localise KMO to the outer mitochondrial membrane and render KMO insoluble in many in vitro expression systems. Efficient bacterial expression of human KMO would accelerate drug development of KMO inhibitors but until now this has not been achieved. Here we report the first successful bacterial (Escherichia coli) expression of active FLAG™-tagged human KMO enzyme expressed in the soluble fraction and progress towards its purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wilson
- Drug Discovery Core, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - D J Mole
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - M Binnie
- Drug Discovery Core, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - N Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - X Zheng
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - B A Yard
- Drug Discovery Core, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - J P Iredale
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - M Auer
- School of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, CH Waddington Building, The University of Edinburgh Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JD, United Kingdom.
| | - S P Webster
- Drug Discovery Core, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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Ransom D, Wilson K, Fournier M, Simes RJ, Gebski V, Yip D, Tebbutt N, Karapetis CS, Ferry D, Gordon S, Price TJ. Final results of Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group ARCTIC study: an audit of raltitrexed for patients with cardiac toxicity induced by fluoropyrimidines. Ann Oncol 2013; 25:117-21. [PMID: 24299960 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac toxicity an uncommon but serious side-effect of some fluoropyrimides. Cardiac toxicity from raltitrexed is rarely reported. With this background, we initiated this study to investigate the incidence of cardiac events in patients who had switched to raltitrexed following cardiac toxicity from fluoropyrimidines (5-fluorouracil or capecitabine). PATIENTS AND METHODS Pharmacy records were used to identify patients receiving raltitrexed from January 2004 till March 2012. Medical records were then reviewed to confirm the use of raltitrexed after cardiac toxicity from 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine. The primary end point was the rate of further cardiac events after commencing raltitrexed. RESULTS Forty-two patients were identified and the majority had colorectal cancer. Prior regimens included 5-fluorouracil ± leucovorin, capecitabine alone, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, epirubicin/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil, and capecitabine/oxaliplatin. Seven patients (17%) had bolus 5-fluorouracil regimens, 26 patients (62%) had infusion 5-fluorouracil regimens, and 9 patients (21%) had capecitabine alone or in combination. Angina was the most common cardiac toxicity from 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine and usually occurred in the first or the second cycle. Four patients after their first cardiac event continued with the same 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine regimen with the addition of nitrates and calcium antagonists but still had further cardiac events. After changing to raltitrexed, either as a single agent or a continuing combination regimen, no patients experienced further cardiac toxicity. CONCLUSION Raltitrexed is associated with no significant cardiac toxicity in patients who have experienced prior cardiac toxicity from 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine. Raltitrexed, alone or in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan, provides a safe option in terms of cardiac toxicity for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ransom
- Oncology Department, St John of God and Royal Perth Hospital, Perth
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Du M, Wu M, Fu D, Yang S, Chen J, Wilson K, Lyons TJ. Effects of modified LDL and HDL on retinal pigment epithelial cells: a role in diabetic retinopathy? Diabetologia 2013; 56:2318-28. [PMID: 23842729 PMCID: PMC4557884 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Blood-retina barrier leakage in diabetes results in extravasation of plasma lipoproteins. Intra-retinal modified LDLs have been implicated in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but their effects on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the added effects of extravasated modified HDLs are unknown. METHODS In human retinas from individuals with and without diabetes and DR, immunohistochemistry was used to detect ApoB, ApoA1 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. In cell culture, human RPE cells were treated with native LDL (N-LDL) or heavily-oxidised glycated LDL (HOG-LDL) with or without pretreatment with native HDL (N-HDL) or heavily-oxidised glycated HDL (HOG-HDL). Cell viability, oxidative stress, ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, dichlorofluorescein assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence and TUNEL assay. In separate experiments, RPE cells were treated with lipid oxidation products, 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC, 5-40 μmol/l) or 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, 5-80 μmol/l), with or without pretreatment with N-HDL or HOG-HDL. RESULTS ApoB, ApoA1 staining and RPE ER stress were increased in the presence of DR. HOG-LDL but not N-LDL significantly decreased RPE cell viability and increased reactive oxygen species generation, ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Similarly, 4-HNE and 7-KC decreased viability and induced ER stress. Pretreatment with N-HDL mitigated these effects, whereas HOG-HDL was less effective by most, but not all, measures. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In DR, extravascular modified LDL may promote RPE injury through oxidative stress, ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis. N-HDL has protective effects, but HOG-HDL is less effective. Extravasation and modification of HDL may modulate the injurious effects of extravasated modified LDL on the retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M. Wu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - D. Fu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - S. Yang
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - J. Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - K. Wilson
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - T. J. Lyons
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, HHDC Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Leduc D, Biringer A, Lee L, Dy J, Corbett T, Leduc D, Biringer A, Duperron L, Dy J, Lange I, Lee L, Muise S, Parish B, Regush L, Wilson K, Yeung G, Crane J, Gagnon R, Sawchuck D, Senikas V. Déclenchement du travail. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A, Abramson S, Arber N, Baron JA, Bombardier C, Cannon C, Farkouh ME, FitzGerald GA, Goss P, Halls H, Hawk E, Hawkey C, Hennekens C, Hochberg M, Holland LE, Kearney PM, Laine L, Lanas A, Lance P, Laupacis A, Oates J, Patrono C, Schnitzer TJ, Solomon S, Tugwell P, Wilson K, Wittes J, Baigent C. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2013; 382:769-79. [PMID: 23726390 PMCID: PMC3778977 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1106] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular and gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs), are not well characterised, particularly in patients at increased risk of vascular disease. We aimed to provide such information through meta-analyses of randomised trials. METHODS We undertook meta-analyses of 280 trials of NSAIDs versus placebo (124,513 participants, 68,342 person-years) and 474 trials of one NSAID versus another NSAID (229,296 participants, 165,456 person-years). The main outcomes were major vascular events (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or vascular death); major coronary events (non-fatal myocardial infarction or coronary death); stroke; mortality; heart failure; and upper gastrointestinal complications (perforation, obstruction, or bleed). FINDINGS Major vascular events were increased by about a third by a coxib (rate ratio [RR] 1·37, 95% CI 1·14-1·66; p=0·0009) or diclofenac (1·41, 1·12-1·78; p=0·0036), chiefly due to an increase in major coronary events (coxibs 1·76, 1·31-2·37; p=0·0001; diclofenac 1·70, 1·19-2·41; p=0·0032). Ibuprofen also significantly increased major coronary events (2·22, 1·10-4·48; p=0·0253), but not major vascular events (1·44, 0·89-2·33). Compared with placebo, of 1000 patients allocated to a coxib or diclofenac for a year, three more had major vascular events, one of which was fatal. Naproxen did not significantly increase major vascular events (0·93, 0·69-1·27). Vascular death was increased significantly by coxibs (1·58, 99% CI 1·00-2·49; p=0·0103) and diclofenac (1·65, 0·95-2·85, p=0·0187), non-significantly by ibuprofen (1·90, 0·56-6·41; p=0·17), but not by naproxen (1·08, 0·48-2·47, p=0·80). The proportional effects on major vascular events were independent of baseline characteristics, including vascular risk. Heart failure risk was roughly doubled by all NSAIDs. All NSAID regimens increased upper gastrointestinal complications (coxibs 1·81, 1·17-2·81, p=0·0070; diclofenac 1·89, 1·16-3·09, p=0·0106; ibuprofen 3·97, 2·22-7·10, p<0·0001; and naproxen 4·22, 2·71-6·56, p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION The vascular risks of high-dose diclofenac, and possibly ibuprofen, are comparable to coxibs, whereas high-dose naproxen is associated with less vascular risk than other NSAIDs. Although NSAIDs increase vascular and gastrointestinal risks, the size of these risks can be predicted, which could help guide clinical decision making. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council and British Heart Foundation.
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Banerjee S, Hellier J, Romeo R, Dewey M, Knapp M, Ballard C, Baldwin R, Bentham P, Fox C, Holmes C, Katona C, Lawton C, Lindesay J, Livingston G, McCrae N, Moniz-Cook E, Murray J, Nurock S, Orrell M, O'Brien J, Poppe M, Thomas A, Walwyn R, Wilson K, Burns A. Study of the use of antidepressants for depression in dementia: the HTA-SADD trial--a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine. Health Technol Assess 2013; 17:1-166. [PMID: 23438937 DOI: 10.3310/hta17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is common in dementia, causing considerable distress and other negative impacts. Treating it is a clinical priority, but the evidence base is sparse and equivocal. This trial aimed to determine clinical effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine in reducing depression 13 weeks post randomisation compared with placebo. DESIGN Multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine with 13- and 39-week follow-up. SETTING Nine English old-age psychiatry services. PARTICIPANTS A pragmatic trial. Eligibility: probable or possible Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression (4+ weeks) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) score of 8+. EXCLUSIONS clinically too critical (e.g. suicide risk); contraindication to medication; taking antidepressants; in another trial; and having no carer. INTERVENTIONS (1) Sertraline; (2) mirtazapine; and (3) placebo, all with normal care. Target doses: 150 mg of sertraline or 45 mg of mirtazapine daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OUTCOME CSDD score. Randomisation: Allocated 1 : 1 : 1 through Trials Unit, independently of trial team. Stratified block randomisation by centre, with randomly varying block sizes; computer-generated randomisation. Blinding: Double blind: medication and placebo identical for each antidepressant. Referring clinicians, research workers, participants and pharmacies were blind. Statisticians blind until analyses completed. RESULTS Numbers randomised: 326 participants randomised (111 placebo, 107 sertraline and 108 mirtazapine). OUTCOME Differences in CSDD at 13 weeks from an adjusted linear-mixed model: mean difference (95% CI) placebo-sertraline 1.17 (-0.23 to 2.78; p = 0.102); placebo-mirtazapine 0.01 (-1.37 to 1.38; p = 0.991); and mirtazapine-sertraline 1.16 (-0.27 to 2.60; p = 0.112). HARMS Placebo group had fewer adverse reactions (29/111, 26%) than sertraline (46/107, 43%) or mirtazapine (44/108, 41%; p = 0.017); 39-week mortality equal, five deaths in each group. CONCLUSIONS This is a trial with negative findings but important clinical implications. The data suggest that the antidepressants tested, given with normal care, are not clinically effective (compared with placebo) for clinically significant depression in AD. This implies a need to change current practice of antidepressants being the first-line treatment of depression in AD. From the data generated we formulated the following recommendations for future work. (1) The secondary analyses presented here suggest that there would be value in carrying out a placebo-controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine in the management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. (2) A conclusion from this study is that it remains both ethical and essential for trials of new medication for depression in dementia to have a placebo arm. (3) Further research is required to evaluate the impact that treatments for depression in people with dementia can have on their carers not only in terms of any impacts on their quality of life, but also the time they spend care-giving. (4) There is a need for research into alternative biological and psychological therapies for depression in dementia. These could include evaluations of new classes of antidepressants (such as venlafaxine) or antidementia medication (e.g. cholinesterase inhibitors). (5) Research is needed to investigate the natural history of depression in dementia in the community when patients are not referred to secondary care services. (6) Further work is needed to investigate the cost modelling results in this rich data set, investigating carer burden and possible moderators to the treatment effects. (7) There is scope for reanalysis of the primary outcome in terms of carer and participant CSDD results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Banerjee
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, BSMS Teaching Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Khawaja MZ, Davies WR, Bolter K, Wilson K, Hancock J, Young CP, Bapat V, Thomas M, Redwood SR. Successful rescue of a "suicide ventricle" during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF-TAVI). Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht312.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Soller L, Knoll M, Ben-Shoshan M, Harrington DW, Fragapane J, Joseph L, St Pierre Y, St Pierre Y, La Vieille S, Wilson K, Elliott SJ, Clarke AE. The prevalence of food allergy among Aboriginal people in Canada. Clin Transl Allergy 2013. [PMCID: PMC3723655 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-3-s3-p77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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de Garavilla L, Manthey C, Yurkow E, Zhou Z, Cotto C, Meegalla S, Wilson K, Wall M, Chen J, Ballentine S, Illig C, Player M, Moore B, Kilgore K, Lubomirski M, Acton P. THU0085 Effect of CSF-1R Kinase Inhibitor on FDG PET, MMP Optical, and Microct Imaging in a Rat SCW Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Use of Functional and Structural Imaging as Translation Tools. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Carlsson AM, Irvine RJ, Wilson K, Coulson SJ. Adaptations to the Arctic: low-temperature development and cold tolerance in the free-living stages of a parasitic nematode from Svalbard. Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Harrington DW, Wilson K, Rosenberg M, Bell S. Access granted! barriers endure: determinants of difficulties accessing specialist care when required in Ontario, Canada. BMC Health Serv Res 2013; 13:146. [PMID: 23607393 PMCID: PMC3637586 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Canadian context, health care services are governed by the Canada Health Act, which ensures that primary care doctors, specialists, hospitals and dental surgeries are covered through provincial health insurance plans. This ensures access to medically necessary health care services for all Canadians regardless of ability to pay. Despite this important piece of legislation, research has shown persistent inequalities in access between and within socio-demographic groups, and geographic areas. To date, most research has focused on access to primary care, with much less attention paid to specialist care as an important component of the health care continuum. Thus, the objectives of this research are to address this gap in knowledge by examining the factors associated with difficulty accessing specialist services, and the reasons why particular subpopulation groups report experiencing difficulties. METHODS This research uses multivariate logistic regression to analyze data from the Canadian Community Health Surveys' optional content from the province of Ontario (n=21,526) related to accessing specialist health care services. The multivariate logistic regression model identifies several subpopulation groups that are more likely to report difficulty accessing specialist care when required. Cross-tabulations are subsequently used to establish the main reasons why difficulties are faced. RESULTS Over 26% of respondents required a specialist visit in the 12 months preceding administration of the survey. Of these, 22% reported difficulty accessing specialist care. Those with difficulties were more likely to be immigrants, post-secondary educated, and have one or more chronic conditions. People living in urban health regions were also more likely to report difficulties accessing care. Primarily wait times were cited as reasons for these difficulties, followed by a perceived lack of availability. CONCLUSIONS There are difficulties faced by the general population as a whole (e.g., wait times) as well as particular difficulties experienced more frequently by certain groups (e.g., transportation, language, and cost barriers for newcomers). These issues are important, as they may discourage individuals from using necessary health care services, and may contribute to feelings of dissatisfaction with the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Harrington
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., W.G. Davis Bldg., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. N., W.G. Davis Bldg., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Mark Rosenberg
- Department of Geography, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Bell
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Wilson K, Haskal Z, Jarrell K. Detection, diagnosis, and interventions for treatment of biliary complications in liver transplant patients: current state of the art. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Hoit G, Hinkewich C, Tiao J, Porgo V, Moore L, Moore L, Tiao J, Wang C, Moffatt B, Wheeler S, Gillman L, Bartens K, Lysecki P, Pallister I, Patel S, Bradford P, Bradford P, Kidane B, Holmes A, Trajano A, March J, Lyons R, Kao R, Rezende-Neto J, Leblanc Y, Rezende-Neto J, Vogt K, Alzaid S, Jansz G, Andrusiek D, Andrusiek D, Bailey K, Livingston M, Calthorpe S, Hsu J, Lubbert P, Boitano M, Leeper W, Williamson O, Reid S, Alonazi N, Lee C, Rezende-Neto J, Aleassa E, Jennings P, Jennings P, Mador B, Hoffman K, Riley J, Vu E, Alburakan A, Alburakan A, Alburakan A, Mckee J, Bobrovitz N, Gabbe B, Gabbe B, Hodgkinson J, Hodgkinson J, Ali J, Ali J, Grant M, Roberts D, Holodinsky J, Cooper C, Santana M, Kruger K, Hodgkinson J, Waggott M, Da Luz L, Banfield J, Santana M, Dorigatti A, Birn K, Bobrovitz N, Zakirova R, Davies D, Das D, Gamme G, Pervaiz F, Almarhabi Y, Brainard A, Brown R, Bell N, Bell N, Jowett H, Jowett H, Bressan S, Hogan A, Watson I, Woodford S, Hogan A, Boulay R, Watson I, Howlett M, Atkinson P, Chesters A, Hamadani F, Atkinson P, Azzam M, Fraser J, Doucet J, Atkinson P, Muakkassa F, Sathivel N, Chadi S, Joseph B, Takeuchi L, Bradley N, Al Bader B, Kidane B, Harrington A, Nixon K, Veigas P, Joseph B, O’Keeffe T, Bracco D, Rezende-Neto J, Azzam M, Lin Y, Bailey K, Bracco D, Nash N, Alhabboubi M, Slobogean G, Spicer J, Heidary B, Joos E, Berg R, Berg R, Sankarankutty A, Zakrison T, Babul S, Lockhart S, Faux S, Jackson A, Lee T, Bailey K, Pemberton J, Green R, Tallon J, Moore L, Turgeon A, Boutin A, Moore L, Reinartz D, Lapointe G, Turgeon A, Stelfox H, Turgeon A, Nathens A, Neveu X, Stelfox H, Turgeon A, Nathens A, Neveu X, Moore L, Turgeon A, Bratu I, Gladwin C, Voaklander D, Lewis M, Vogt K, Eckert K, Williamson J, Stewart TC, Parry N, Gray D, L’Heureux R, Ziesmann M, Kortbeek J, Brindley P, Hicks C, Fata P, Engels P, Ball C, Paton-Gay D, Widder S, Vogt K, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Gray D, Vanderbeek L, Forrokhyar F, Anatharajah R, Howatt N, Lamb S, Sne N, Kahnamoui K, Lyons R, Walters A, Brooks C, Pinder L, Rahman S, Walters A, Kidane B, Parry N, Donnelly E, Lewell M, Mellow R, Hedges C, Morassutti P, Bulatovic R, Morassutti P, Galbraith E, McKenzie S, Bradford D, Lewell M, Peddle M, Dukelow A, Eby D, McLeod S, Bradford P, Stewart TC, Parry N, Williamson O, Fraga G, Pereira B, Sareen J, Doupe M, Gawaziuk J, Chateau D, Logsetty S, Pallister I, Lewis J, O’Doherty D, Hopkins S, Griffiths S, Palmer S, Gabbe B, Xu X, Martin C, Xenocostas A, Parry N, Mele T, Rui T, Abreu E, Andrade M, Cruz F, Pires R, Carreiro P, Andrade T, Lampron J, Balaa F, Fortuna R, Issa H, Dias P, Marques M, Fernandes T, Sousa T, Inaba K, Smith J, Okoye O, Joos E, Shulman I, Nelson J, Parry N, Rhee P, Demetriades D, Ostrofsky R, Butler-Laporte G, Chughtai T, Khwaja K, Fata P, Mulder D, Razek T, Deckelbaum D, Bailey K, Pemberton J, Evans D, Anton H, Wei J, Randall E, Sobolev B, Scott BB, van Heest R, Frankfurter C, Pemberton J, McKerracher S, Stewart TC, Merritt N, Barber L, Kimmel L, Hodgson C, Webb M, Holland A, Gruen R, Harrison K, Hwang M, Hsee L, Civil I, Muizelaar A, Baillie F, Leeper T, Stewart TC, Gray D, Parry N, Sutherland A, Hart M, Gabbe B, Tuma F, Coates A, Farrokhyar F, Faidi S, Gastaldo F, Paskar D, Reid S, Faidi S, Petrisor B, Bhandari M, Loh WL, Ho C, Chong C, Rodrigues G, Gissoni M, Martins M, Andrade M, Cunha-Melo J, Rizoli S, Abu-Zidan F, Cameron P, Bernard S, Walker T, Jolley D, Fitzgerald M, Masci K, Gabbe B, Simpson P, Smith K, Cox S, Cameron P, Evans D, West A, Barratt L, Rozmovits L, Livingstone B, Vu M, Griesdale D, Schlamp R, Wand R, Alhabboubi M, Alrowaili A, Alghamdi H, Fata P, Essbaiheen F, Alhabboubi M, Fata P, Essbaiheen F, Chankowsky J, Razek T, Stephens M, Vis C, Belton K, Kortbeek J, Bratu I, Dufresne B, Guilfoyle J, Ibbotson G, Martin K, Matheson D, Parks P, Thomas L, Kirkpatrick A, Santana M, Kline T, Kortbeek J, Stelfox H, Lyons R, Macey S, Fitzgerald M, Judson R, Cameron P, Sutherland A, Hart M, Morgan M, McLellan S, Wilson K, Cameron P, Sorvari A, Chaudhry Z, Khawaja K, Ali A, Akhtar J, Zubair M, Nickow J, Sorvari A, Holodinsky J, Jaeschke R, Ball C, Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Zygun D, Kirkpatrick A, Roberts D, Ball C, Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Zygun D, Jaeschke R, Kirkpatrick A, Santana M, Stelfox H, Stelfox H, Rizoli S, Tanenbaum B, Stelfox H, Redondano BR, Jimenez LS, Zago T, de Carvalho RB, Calderan TA, Fraga G, Campbell S, Widder S, Paton-Gay D, Engels P, Ferri M, Santana M, Kline T, Kortbeek J, Stelfox H, Nathens A, Lashoher A, McFarlan A, Ahmed N, Booy J, McDowell D, Nasr A, Wales P, Roberts D, Mercado M, Vis C, Kortbeek J, Kirkpatrick A, Lall R, Stelfox H, Ball C, Niven D, Dixon E, Stelfox H, Kirkpatrick A, Kaplan G, Hameed M, Ball C, Qadura M, Sne N, Reid S, Coates A, Faidi S, Veenstra J, Hennecke P, Gardner R, Appleton L, Sobolev B, Simons R, van Heest R, Hameed M, Sobolev B, Simons R, van Heest R, Hameed M, Palmer C, Bevan C, Crameri J, Palmer C, Hogan D, Grealy L, Bevan C, Palmer C, Jowett H, Boulay R, Chisholm A, Beairsto E, Goulette E, Martin M, Benjamin S, Boulay R, Watson I, Boulay R, Watson I, Watson I, Savoie J, Benjamin S, Martin M, Hogan A, Woodford S, Benjamin S, Chisholm A, Ondiveeran H, Martin M, Atkinson P, Doody K, Fraser J, Leblanc-Duchin D, Strack B, Naveed A, vanRensburg L, Madan R, Atkinson P, Boulva K, Deckelbaum D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Razek T, Fraser J, Verheul G, Parks A, Milne J, Nemeth J, Fata P, Correa J, Deckelbaum D, Bernardin B, Al Bader B, Khwaja K, Razek T, Atkinson P, Benjamin S, Sproul E, Mehta A, Galarneau M, Mahadevan P, Bansal V, Dye J, Hollingsworth-Fridlund P, Stout P, Potenza B, Coimbra R, Madan R, Marley R, Salvator A, Pisciotta D, Bridge J, Lin S, Ovens H, Nathens A, Abdo H, Dencev-Bihari R, Parry N, Lawendy A, Ibrahim-Zada I, Pandit V, Tang A, O’Keeffe T, Wynne J, Gries L, Friese R, Rhee P, Hameed M, Simons R, Taulu T, Wong H, Saleem A, Azzam M, Boulva K, Razek T, Khwaja K, Mulder D, Deckelbaum D, Fata P, Plourde M, Chadi S, Forbes T, Parry N, Martin G, Gaunt K, Bandiera G, Bawazeer M, MacKinnon D, Ahmed N, Spence J, Sankarankutty A, Nascimento B, Rizoli S, Ibrahim-Zada I, Aziz H, Tang A, Friese R, Wynne J, O’keeffe T, Vercruysse G, Kulvatunyou N, Rhee P, Sakles J, Mosier J, Wynne J, Kulvatunyou N, Tang A, Joseph B, Rhee P, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Dias P, Issa H, Fortuna R, Sousa T, Abreu E, Bracco D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Bracco D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Norman D, Li J, Pemberton J, Al-Oweis J, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Albuz O, Karamanos E, Vogt K, Okoye O, Talving P, Inaba K, Demetriades D, Elhusseini M, Sudarshan M, Deckelbaum D, Fata P, Razek T, Khwaja K, MacPherson C, Sun T, Pelletier M, Hameed M, Khalil MA, Azzam M, Valenti D, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Brown R, Simons R, Evans D, Hameed M, Inaba K, Vogt K, Okoye O, Gelbard R, Moe D, Grabo D, Demetriades D, Inaba K, Karamanos E, Okoye O, Talving P, Demetriades D, Inaba K, Karamanos E, Pasley J, Teixeira P, Talving P, Demetriades D, Fung S, Alababtain I, Brnjac E, Luz L, Nascimento B, Rizoli S, Parikh P, Proctor K, Murtha M, Schulman C, Namias N, Goldman R, Pike I, Korn P, Flett C, Jackson T, Keith J, Joseph T, Giddins E, Ouellet J, Cook M, Schreiber M, Kortbeek J. Trauma Association of Canada (TAC) Annual Scientific Meeting. The Westin Whistler Resort & Spa, Whistler, BC, Thursday, Apr. 11 to Saturday, Apr. 13, 2013Testing the reliability of tools for pediatric trauma teamwork evaluation in a North American high-resource simulation settingThe association of etomidate with mortality in trauma patientsDefinition of isolated hip fractures as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a systematic reviewEstimation of acute care hospitalization costs for trauma hospital performance evaluation: a systematic reviewHospital length of stay following admission for traumatic injury in Canada: a multicentre cohort studyPredictors of hospital length of stay following traumatic injury: a multicentre cohort studyInfluence of the heterogeneity in definitions of an isolated hip fracture used as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a multicentre cohort studyPediatric trauma, advocacy skills and medical studentsCompliance with the prescribed packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma and platelet ratio for the trauma transfusion pathway at a level 1 trauma centreEarly fixed-wing aircraft activation for major trauma in remote areasDevelopment of a national, multi-disciplinary trauma crisis resource management curriculum: results from the pilot courseThe management of blunt hepatic trauma in the age of angioembolization: a single centre experienceEarly predictors of in-hospital mortality in adult trauma patientsThe impact of open tibial fracture on health service utilization in the year preceding and following injuryA systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the trauma populationSources of support for paramedics managing work-related stress in a Canadian EMS service responding to multisystem trauma patientsAnalysis of prehospital treatment of pain in the multisystem trauma patient at a community level 2 trauma centreIncreased mortality associated with placement of central lines during trauma resuscitationChronic pain after serious injury — identifying high risk patientsEpidemiology of in-hospital trauma deaths in a Brazilian university teaching hospitalIncreased suicidality following major trauma: a population-based studyDevelopment of a population-wide record linkage system to support trauma researchInduction of hmgb1 by increased gut permeability mediates acute lung injury in a hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation mouse modelPatients who sustain gunshot pelvic fractures are at increased risk for deep abscess formation: aggravated by rectal injuryAre we transfusing more with conservative management of isolated blunt splenic injury? A retrospective studyMotorcycle clothesline injury prevention: Experimental test of a protective deviceA prospective analysis of compliance with a massive transfusion protocol - activation alone is not enoughAn evaluation of diagnostic modalities in penetrating injuries to the cardiac box: Is there a role for routine echocardiography in the setting of negative pericardial FAST?Achievement of pediatric national quality indicators — an institutional report cardProcess mapping trauma care in 2 regional health authorities in British Columbia: a tool to assist trauma sys tem design and evaluationPatient safety checklist for emergency intubation: a systematic reviewA standardized flow sheet improves pediatric trauma documentationMassive transfusion in pediatric trauma: a 5-year retrospective reviewIs more better: Does a more intensive physiotherapy program result in accelerated recovery for trauma patients?Trauma care: not just for surgeons. Initial impact of implementing a dedicated multidisciplinary trauma team on severely injured patientsThe role of postmortem autopsy in modern trauma care: Do we still need them?Prototype cervical spine traction device for reduction stabilization and transport of nondistraction type cervical spine injuriesGoing beyond organ preservation: a 12-year review of the beneficial effects of a nonoperative management algorithm for splenic traumaAssessing the construct validity of a global disability measure in adult trauma registry patientsThe mactrauma TTL assessment tool: developing a novel tool for assessing performance of trauma traineesA quality improvement approach to developing a standardized reporting format of ct findings in blunt splenic injuriesOutcomes in geriatric trauma: what really mattersFresh whole blood is not better than component therapy (FFP:RBC) in hemorrhagic shock: a thromboelastometric study in a small animal modelFactors affecting mortality of chest trauma patients: a prospective studyLong-term pain prevalence and health related quality of life outcomes for patients enrolled in a ketamine versus morphine for prehospital traumatic pain randomized controlled trialDescribing pain following trauma: predictors of persistent pain and pain prevalenceManagement strategies for hemorrhage due to pelvic trauma: a survey of Canadian general surgeonsMajor trauma follow-up clinic: Patient perception of recovery following severe traumaLost opportunities to enhance trauma practice: culture of interprofessional education and sharing among emergency staffPrehospital airway management in major trauma and traumatic brain injury by critical care paramedicsImproving patient selection for angiography and identifying risk of rebleeding after angioembolization in the nonoperative management of high grade splenic injuriesFactors predicting the need for angioembolization in solid organ injuryProthrombin complex concentrates use in traumatic brain injury patients on oral anticoagulants is effective despite underutilizationThe right treatment at the right time in the right place: early results and associations from the introduction of an all-inclusive provincial trauma care systemA multicentre study of patient experiences with acute and postacute injury carePopulation burden of major trauma: Has introduction of an organized trauma system made a difference?Long-term functional and return to work outcomes following blunt major trauma in Victoria, AustraliaSurgical dilemma in major burns victim: heterotopic ossification of the tempromandibular jointWhich radiological modality to choose in a unique penetrating neck injury: a differing opinionThe Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) program in CanadaThe Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) in Pakistan: Is there a role?Novel deployment of BC mobile medical unit for coverage of BMX world cup sporting eventIncidence and prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisRisk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill or injured adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisA comparison of quality improvement practices at adult and pediatric trauma centresInternational trauma centre survey to evaluate content validity, usability and feasibility of quality indicatorsLong-term functional recovery following decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injuryMorbidity and mortality associated with free falls from a height among teenage patients: a 5-year review from a level 1 trauma centreA comparison of adverse events between trauma patients and general surgery patients in a level 1 trauma centreProcoagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis in severely bleeding trauma patients: a laboratorial characterization of the early trauma coagulopathyThe use of mobile technology to facilitate surveillance and improve injury outcome in sport and physical activityIntegrated knowledge translation for injury quality improvement: a partnership between researchers and knowledge usersThe impact of a prevention project in trauma with young and their learningIntraosseus vascular access in adult trauma patients: a systematic reviewThematic analysis of patient reported experiences with acute and post-acute injury careAn evaluation of a world health organization trauma care checklist quality improvement pilot programProspective validation of the modified pediatric trauma triage toolThe 16-year evolution of a Canadian level 1 trauma centre: growing up, growing out, and the impact of a booming economyA 20-year review of trauma related literature: What have we done and where are we going?Management of traumatic flail chest: a systematic review of the literatureOperative versus nonoperative management of flail chestEmergency department performance of a clinically indicated and technically successful emergency department thoracotomy and pericardiotomy with minimal equipment in a New Zealand institution without specialized surgical backupBritish Columbia’s mobile medical unit — an emergency health care support resourceRoutine versus ad hoc screening for acute stress: Who would benefit and what are the opportunities for trauma care?A geographical analysis of the Early Development Instrument (EDI) and childhood injuryDevelopment of a pediatric spinal cord injury nursing course“Kids die in driveways” — an injury prevention campaignEpidemiology of traumatic spine injuries in childrenA collaborative approach to reducing injuries in New Brunswick: acute care and injury preventionImpact of changes to a provincial field trauma triage tool in New BrunswickEnsuring quality of field trauma triage in New BrunswickBenefits of a provincial trauma transfer referral system: beyond the numbersThe field trauma triage landscape in New BrunswickImpact of the Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) on trauma transfer intervals in a provincial, inclusive trauma systemTrauma and stress: a critical dynamics study of burnout in trauma centre healthcare professionalsUltrasound-guided pediatric forearm fracture reduction with sedation in the emergency departmentBlock first, opiates later? The use of the fascia iliaca block for patients with hip fractures in the emergency department: a systematic reviewRural trauma systems — demographic and survival analysis of remote traumas transferred from northern QuebecSimulation in trauma ultrasound trainingIncidence of clinically significant intra-abdominal injuries in stable blunt trauma patientsWake up: head injury management around the clockDamage control laparotomy for combat casualties in forward surgical facilitiesDetection of soft tissue foreign bodies by nurse practitioner performed ultrasoundAntihypertensive medications and walking devices are associated with falls from standingThe transfer process: perspectives of transferring physiciansDevelopment of a rodent model for the study of abdominal compartment syndromeClinical efficacy of routine repeat head computed tomography in pediatric traumatic brain injuryEarly warning scores (EWS) in trauma: assessing the “effectiveness” of interventions by a rural ground transport service in the interior of British ColumbiaAccuracy of trauma patient transfer documentation in BCPostoperative echocardiogram after penetrating cardiac injuries: a retrospective studyLoss to follow-up in trauma studies comparing operative methods: a systematic reviewWhat matters where and to whom: a survey of experts on the Canadian pediatric trauma systemA quality initiative to enhance pain management for trauma patients: baseline attitudes of practitionersComparison of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) values in massive and nonmassive transfusion patientsMild traumatic brain injury defined by GCS: Is it really mild?The CMAC videolaryngosocpe is superior to the glidescope for the intubation of trauma patients: a prospective analysisInjury patterns and outcome of urban versus suburban major traumaA cost-effective, readily accessible technique for progressive abdominal closureEvolution and impact of the use of pan-CT scan in a tertiary urban trauma centre: a 4-year auditAdditional and repeated CT scan in interfacilities trauma transfers: room for standardizationPediatric trauma in situ simulation facilitates identification and resolution of system issuesHospital code orange plan: there’s an app for thatDiaphragmatic rupture from blunt trauma: an NTDB studyEarly closure of open abdomen using component separation techniqueSurgical fixation versus nonoperative management of flail chest: a meta-analysisIntegration of intraoperative angiography as part of damage control surgery in major traumaMass casualty preparedness of regional trauma systems: recommendations for an evaluative frameworkDiagnostic peritoneal aspirate: An obsolete diagnostic modality?Blunt hollow viscus injury: the frequency and consequences of delayed diagnosis in the era of selective nonoperative managementEnding “double jeopardy:” the diagnostic impact of cardiac ultrasound and chest radiography on operative sequencing in penetrating thoracoabdominal traumaAre trauma patients with hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed by rotem salvageable?The risk of cardiac injury after penetrating thoracic trauma: Which is the better predictor, hemodynamic status or pericardial window?The online Concussion Awareness Training Toolkit for health practitioners (CATT): a new resource for recognizing, treating, and managing concussionThe prevention of concussion and brain injury in child and youth team sportsRandomized controlled trial of an early rehabilitation intervention to improve return to work Rates following road traumaPhone call follow-upPericardiocentesis in trauma: a systematic review. Can J Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1503/cjs.005813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Senese LC, Wilson K. Aboriginal urbanization and rights in Canada: examining implications for health. Soc Sci Med 2013; 91:219-28. [PMID: 23474122 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization among Indigenous peoples is growing globally. This has implications for the assertion of Indigenous rights in urban areas, as rights are largely tied to land bases that generally lie outside of urban areas. Through their impacts on the broader social determinants of health, the links between Indigenous rights and urbanization may be related to health. Focusing on a Canadian example, this study explores relationships between Indigenous rights and urbanization, and the ways in which they are implicated in the health of urban Indigenous peoples living in Toronto, Canada. In-depth interviews focused on conceptions of and access to Aboriginal rights in the city, and perceived links with health, were conduced with 36 Aboriginal people who had moved to Toronto from a rural/reserve area. Participants conceived of Aboriginal rights largely as the rights to specific services/benefits and to respect for Aboriginal cultures/identities. There was a widespread perception among participants that these rights are not respected in Canada, and that this is heightened when living in an urban area. Disrespect for Aboriginal rights was perceived to negatively impact health by way of social determinants of health (e.g., psychosocial health impacts of discrimination experienced in Toronto). The paper discusses the results in the context of policy implications and future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Senese
- Department of Geography & Program in Planning, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Room 5047, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada.
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Ragaz J, Wilson K, Shakeraneh S, Budlovsky J, Wong H. Abstract P4-13-04: Estrogen and Avoidance of Invasive Breast Cancer, Coronary Heart Disease and All-cause Mortality. Public Health Impact of Estrogen Guidelines for Women entering Menopause. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p4-13-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Estrogen [E] for women entering menopause is not perceived beneficial for either iBrCa or CHD. However, data from RCTs suggest that use of Estrogen reduces: a. rates of invasive breast cancer [iBrCa], andb. atherogenesis, vessel pathology and in certain age groups, coronary heart disease [CHD].
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the population-level impact of Estrogen as part of hormone replacement therapy [HRT] for women entering menopause on rates of iBrCa, CHD and all cause mortality [AC- Mort] that could result from a change of Practice where Estrogen would be recommended for women entering menopause.
METHODOLOGY. Annualized rates of iBrCa, CHD and AC-Mort in women age 50–59, and annualized iBrCa rates for all participants and those without Past History of Benign Breast Disease [PHBBD] extracted from the results of the Women's Health Initiative trial [E] alone vs placebo [Refs 1,2], were applied to estimate the reduction in the Number of Avoided Events per 100,000 female population per annum [NAE].
The [NAE] over 10 years follow up was calculated as: NAE = (P − E) × 100,000 × 10 where P was the annualized rate among placebo participants and E was the annualized rate among Estrogen participants.
RESULTS. [Table 1]. Taking 100,000 exposed versus unexposed women age 50–59, and rate reduction due to [E] of −41% [HR=0.59], −20% [HR=0.80] and −27% [HR=0.73] for CHD, iBrCa and AC-Mort [Ref 1,2], respectively, there will be annual avoidance of −130 cases of CHD, −60 of iBrCa, and −130 of deaths from any cause. iBrCa annual avoidance for women any age, and those without PHBBD, were −80 and −150 events, respectively.
CONCLUSION.
1. Estrogen therapy could reduce thousands of BrCa, CHD and AC-Mortality events annually, just in North America. These gains are in addition to the established quality of life improvement for millions of women due to [E]. 2. Of particular importance is the [E] effect on reduction of iBrCa rates, particularly significant for women without PHBBD, confirming the new paradigm of Dual E effect for human BrCa [Ref 3]. 3. These substantial Public Health gains associated with [E] may justify changing policy to incorporate [E] into HRT guidelines for appropriately selected women. 4. Accelerated research to optimize [E] formulations, and identifying subsets that benefit most, is urgently required for optimum HRT use in Prevention of iBrCa, CHD, and reducing AC- mortality.
REFERENCES
1. LaCroix AZ, et al. Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2011;305:1305–14. 2. Anderson GL, et al. Conjugated equine oestrogen and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: extended follow-up of the Women's Health Initiative randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet Oncol 2012;13:476–86. 3. Ragaz J, et al. Dual estrogen effects on breast cancer: endogenous estrogen stimulates, exogenous estrogen protects. Further investigation of estrogen chemoprevention is warranted. Cancer Res 2010;70.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-13-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ragaz
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - K Wilson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - S Shakeraneh
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - J Budlovsky
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - H Wong
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Fu D, Wu M, Zhang J, Du M, Yang S, Hammad SM, Wilson K, Chen J, Lyons TJ. Mechanisms of modified LDL-induced pericyte loss and retinal injury in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2012; 55:3128-40. [PMID: 22935961 PMCID: PMC5922447 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In previous studies we have shown that extravasated, modified LDL is associated with pericyte loss, an early feature of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here we sought to determine detailed mechanisms of this LDL-induced pericyte loss. METHODS Human retinal capillary pericytes (HRCP) were exposed to 'highly-oxidised glycated' LDL (HOG-LDL) (a model of extravasated and modified LDL) and to 4-hydroxynonenal or 7-ketocholesterol (components of oxidised LDL), or to native LDL for 1 to 24 h with or without 1 h of pretreatment with inhibitors of the following: (1) the scavenger receptor (polyinosinic acid); (2) oxidative stress (N-acetyl cysteine); (3) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (4-phenyl butyric acid); and (4) mitochondrial dysfunction (cyclosporin A). Oxidative stress, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy were assessed using techniques including western blotting, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. To assess the relevance of the results in vivo, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the ER stress chaperon, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, and the ER sensor, activating transcription factor 6, in retinas from a mouse model of DR that mimics exposure of the retina to elevated glucose and elevated LDL levels, and in retinas from human participants with and without diabetes and DR. RESULTS Compared with native LDL, HOG-LDL activated oxidative and ER stress in HRCP, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and autophagy. In a mouse model of diabetes and hyperlipidaemia (vs mouse models of either condition alone), retinal ER stress was enhanced. ER stress was also enhanced in diabetic human retina and correlated with the severity of DR. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Cell culture, animal, and human data suggest that oxidative stress and ER stress are induced by modified LDL, and are implicated in pericyte loss in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center and Section of Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1000 N Lincoln Blvd, Suite 2900, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Knoll M, Soller L, Ben-Shoshan M, Harrington D, Fragapane J, Joseph L, La Vieille S, St-Pierre Y, Wilson K, Elliott S, Clarke A. The use of incentives in vulnerable populations for a telephone survey: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:572. [PMID: 23083313 PMCID: PMC3503563 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor response rates in prevalence surveys can lead to nonresponse bias thereby compromising the validity of prevalence estimates. We conducted a telephone survey of randomly selected households to estimate the prevalence of food allergy in the 10 Canadian provinces between May 2008 and March 2009 (the SCAAALAR study: Surveying Canadians to Assess the Prevalence of Common Food Allergies and Attitudes towards Food LAbeling and Risk). A household response rate of only 34.6% was attained, and those of lower socioeconomic status, lower education and new Canadians were underrepresented. We are now attempting to target these vulnerable populations in the SPAACE study (Surveying the Prevalence of Food Allergy in All Canadian Environments) and are evaluating strategies to increase the response rate. Although the success of incentives to increase response rates has been demonstrated previously, no studies have specifically examined the use of unconditional incentives in these vulnerable populations in a telephone survey. The pilot study will compare response rates between vulnerable Canadian populations receiving and not receiving an incentive. Findings Randomly selected households were randomly assigned to receive either a $5 incentive or no incentive. The between group differences in response rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The response rates for the incentive and non-incentive groups were 36.1% and 28.7% respectively, yielding a between group difference of 7.4% (−0.7%, 15.6%). Conclusion Although the wide CI precludes definitive conclusions, our results suggest that unconditional incentives are effective in vulnerable populations for telephone surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Knoll
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Gabbe B, Sleney J, Gosling C, Wilson K, Sutherland A, Hart M, Watterson D, Christie N. EXPLORING PATIENT PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO RECOVERY FOLLOWING TRAUMA. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580g.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gabbe B, Sutherland A, Hart M, Morgan M, McLellan S, Wilson K, Cameron P. PREDICTORS OF LONG TERM OUTCOMES FOLLOWING MAJOR TRAUMA: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580b.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hierons RJ, Dorman ML, Wilson K, Averley P, Girdler N. Investigation of inhalational conscious sedation as a tool for reducing anxiety in adults undergoing exodontia. Br Dent J 2012; 213:E9. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Price T, Hardingham J, Lee C, Townsend A, Wrin J, Wilson K, Weickhardt A, Simes R, Munroe C, Tebbutt N. Pten and Advanced Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Analysis from the Phase III Agitg Max Trial of Capecitabine Alone or in Combination with Bevacizumab +/- Mitomycin C. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Price T, Wilson K, Simes R, Yip D, Karapetis C, Tebbutt N, Gebski V, Fournier M, Ferry D, Ransom D. Final Results of Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (AGITG) Arctic Study: AN International Audit of Raltitrexed for Patients with Cardiac Toxicity Induced by Fluoropyrimidines (FP). Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ning A, Wilson K. A research review: exploring the health of Canada's Aboriginal youth. Int J Circumpolar Health 2012; 71:IJCH-71-18497. [PMID: 22973569 PMCID: PMC3427595 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the current state of health research on Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth in Canada. Design A search of published academic literature on Canadian Aboriginal youth health, including a comprehensive review of both non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal youth research, was conducted using MEDLINE and summarized. Methodology A MEDLINE search was conducted for articles published over a 10-year period (2000–2010). The search was limited to research articles pertaining to Canadian youth, using various synonyms for “Canada,” “youth,” and “Aboriginal.” Each article was coded according to 4 broad categories: Aboriginal identity, geographic location, research topic (health determinants, health status, health care), and the 12 key determinants of health proposed by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). Results Of the 117 articles reviewed, only 34 pertained to Aboriginal youth, while the remaining 83 pertained to non-Aboriginal youth. The results revealed major discrepancies within the current body of research with respect to the geographic representation of Aboriginal youth, with several provinces missing from the literature, including the northern territories. Furthermore, the current research is not reflective of the demographic composition of Aboriginal youth, with an under-representation of Métis and urban Aboriginal youth. Health status of Aboriginal youth has received the most attention, appearing in 79% of the studies reviewed compared with 57% of the non-Aboriginal studies. The number of studies that focus on health determinants and health care is comparable for both groups, with the former accounting for 62 and 64% and the latter comprising 26 and 19% of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal studies, respectively. However, this review reveals several differences with respect to specific focus on health determinants between the two populations. In non-Aboriginal youth studies, all the 12 key determinants of health of PHAC are explored, whereas in Aboriginal youth studies the health profile remains incomplete and several key determinants and health indicators are neglected. Conclusions The current studies are not reflective of the demographic and geographic profiles of Aboriginal youth in Canada, and they have also failed to provide a comprehensive examination of their unique health needs and concerns compared with studies on non-Aboriginal youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Ning
- Department of Geography & Collaborative Program in Aboriginal Health, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
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