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Abstract
The MYCN gene has a critical role in determining the clinical behavior of neuroblastoma. Although it is known that genomic amplification occurs in high-risk subsets, it remains unclear how MYCN expression is regulated in the pathogenesis of neuroblastomas. Here, we report that MYCN expression was regulated by the oncoprotein MDM2 at the post-transcriptional level and was associated with neuroblastoma cell growth. Increasing MDM2 by ectopic overexpression in the cytoplasm enhanced both mRNA and protein expression of MYCN. Mechanistic studies found that the C-terminal RING domain of the MDM2 protein bound to the MYCN mRNA's AREs within the 3'UTR and increased MYCN 3'UTR-mediated mRNA stability and translation. Conversely, MDM2 silencing by specific siRNA rendered the MYCN mRNA unstable and reduced the abundance of the MYCN protein in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. Importantly, this MDM2 silencing resulted in a remarkable inhibition of neuroblastoma cell growth and induction of cell death through a p53-independent pathway. Our results indicate that MDM2 has a p53-independent role in the regulation of both MYCN mRNA stabilization and its translation, suggesting that MDM2-mediated MYCN expression is one mechanism associated with growth of MYCN-associated neuroblastoma and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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102
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Yu HB, Shen X, Wang Z, Gu L, Wang WH, Bai HY. Tensile plasticity in metallic glasses with pronounced β relaxations. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:015504. [PMID: 22304268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.015504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metallic glasses are commonly brittle, as they generally fail catastrophically under uniaxial tension. Here we show pronounced macroscopic tensile plasticity achieved in a La-based metallic glass which possesses strong β relaxations and nanoscale heterogeneous structures. We demonstrate that the β relaxation is closely correlated with the activation of the structural units of plastic deformations and global plasticity, and the transition from brittle to ductile in tension and the activation of the β relaxations follow a similar time-temperature scaling relationship. The results have implications for understanding the mechanisms of plastic deformation and structural origin of β relaxations as well as for solving the brittleness in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Yu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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103
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Liu M, Liu H, Jeong E, Gu L, Dudley S. Mitochondrial Regulation of the Cardiac Na+ Channel of 6-Week DOCA Mouse Ventricular Myocyte. Heart Rhythm 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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104
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Somlo G, Martel CL, Lau SK, Frankel P, Ruel C, Gu L, Hurria A, Chung C, Luu T, Morgan R, Leong L, Koczywas M, McNamara M, Russell CA, Kane SE. A phase I/II prospective, single arm trial of gefitinib, trastuzumab, and docetaxel in patients with stage IV HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:899-906. [PMID: 22042372 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the HER-2 pathway via the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has had a major impact in treatment of HER-2 positive breast cancer, but de novo or acquired resistance may reduce its effectiveness. The known interplay between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2 receptors and pathways creates a rationale for combined anti-EGFR and anti-HER-2 therapy in HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and toxicities associated with the use of multiple chemotherapeutic agents together with biological therapies may also be reduced. We conducted a prospective, single arm, phase I/II trial to determine the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of trastuzumab with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and docetaxel, in patients with HER-2 positive MBC. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined in the phase I portion. The primary end point of the phase II portion was progression-free survival (PFS). Immunohistochemical analysis of biomarker expression of the PKA-related proteins cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), phospho-CREB and DARPP-32 (dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa) plus t-DARPP (the truncated isoform of DARPP-32); PTEN; p-p70 S6K; and EGFR was conducted on tissue from metastatic sites. Nine patients were treated in the phase I portion of the study and 22 in the phase II portion. The MTD was gefitinib 250 mg on days 2-14, trastuzumab 6 mg/kg, and docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) every 21 days. For the 29 patients treated at the MTD, median PFS was 12.7 months, with complete and partial response rates of 18 and 46%, and a stable disease rate of 29%. No statistically significant correlation was found between response and expression of any biomarkers. We conclude that the combination of gefitinib, trastuzumab, and docetaxel is feasible and effective. Expression of the biomarkers examined did not predict outcome in this sample of HER-2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Somlo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, California, 91010, USA,
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105
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Gu L, Yu YC. Clinical Outcome of Dental Implants Placed in Liver Transplant Recipients After 3 Years: A Case Series. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2678-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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106
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Yamada Y, Ueno K, Fukumura T, Yuan HT, Shimotani H, Iwasa Y, Gu L, Tsukimoto S, Ikuhara Y, Kawasaki M. Electrically Induced Ferromagnetism at Room Temperature in Cobalt-Doped Titanium Dioxide. Science 2011; 332:1065-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1202152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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107
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Strauss GM, Wang XF, Maddaus M, Johnstone D, Johnson E, Harpole D, Gillenwater HH, Gu L, Sugarbaker D, Green MR, Graziano SL, Kratzke RA, Schilsky RL, Crawford J, Vokes EE. Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Long-term follow-up of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9633. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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108
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Wang J, Zhang W, He A, Yang Y, Gu L. 193 Clinical observation of HA-G regimen chemotherapy in remission induction for elderly patients with acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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109
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Caron A, Qin CL, Gu L, González S, Shluger A, Fecht HJ, Louzguine-Luzgin DV, Inoue A. Structure and nano-mechanical characteristics of surface oxide layers on a metallic glass. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:095704. [PMID: 21270487 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/9/095704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their low elastic moduli, high specific strength and excellent processing characteristics in the undercooled liquid state, metallic glasses are promising materials for applications in micromechanical systems. With miniaturization of metallic mechanical components down to the micrometer scale, the importance of a native oxide layer on a glass surface is increasing. In this work we use TEM and XPS to characterize the structure and properties of the native oxide layer grown on Ni(62)Nb(38) metallic glass and their evolution after annealing in air. The thickness of the oxide layer almost doubled after annealing. In both cases the oxide layer is amorphous and consists predominantly of Nb oxide. We investigate the friction behavior at low loads and in ambient conditions (i.e. at T = 295 K and 60% air humidity) of both as-cast and annealed samples by friction force microscopy. After annealing the friction coefficient is found to have significantly increased. We attribute this effect to the increase of the mechanical stability of the oxide layer upon annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caron
- WPI-Advanced Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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110
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Liao Z, Gu L, Shen F, Dagvadorj A, Gupta S, Pattabiraman N, Nevalainen MT, Trabulsi EJ, Gomella LG, McCue P. Identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of Stat5a/b through structure-based screen for therapy development for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
17 Background: There are no effective treatments for metastatic or castration resistant prostate cancer. We have shown that transcription factor Stat5a/b is constitutively active in high-grade prostate cancer, but not in normal human prostate epithelium. Stat5a/b is active in 95% of clinical castration resistant prostate cancers, and the expression of active Stat5a/b in primary prostate cancer predicts early disease recurrence. Stat5a/b is critical for the viability of prostate cancer cells in vitro and for growth of prostate xenograft tumors in nude mice. Stat5a/b synergizes with androgen receptor (AR) and Stat5a/b promotes metastatic behavior of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we hypothesize that Stat5a/b is a molecular target for rational drug design for prostate cancer. Methods: We identified a small- molecule inhibitor of Stat5a/b dimerization by structure-based virtual screen from a database of 30 million chemical structures. The efficacy of the Stat5a/b inhibitor was determined by reporter gene assays, dimerization by co-immunoprecipitations, nuclear translocation by cytochemistry and binding to DNA by EMSA. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Results: The novel Stat5a/b inhibitor IST5-002 inhibited transcriptional activity of Stat5a/b at IC50 of 1.5 μ M for Stat5a and 3.5 μ M for Stat5b, but not of Stat3 in prostate cancer cells. IST5-002 inhibited dimerization, nuclear translocation, and binding of Stat5a/b to the Stat5 DNA consensus sequence. Furthermore, IST5-002 inhibited expression of Stat5a/b target gene cyclin D1, and induced massive apoptosis of DU145, CWR22Rv1 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. IST5-002 blocked prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth in nude mice and induced death in clinical prostate cancers ex vivo in 3D organ cultures. Conclusions: We have identified a small molecule Stat5a/b inhibitor IST5-002 for therapy development for prostate cancer. Future work will focus on chemical modifications of IST5-002 to achieve IC50 below 1 μ M and oral administration. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Liao
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - L. Gu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - F. Shen
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - A. Dagvadorj
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - S. Gupta
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - N. Pattabiraman
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - M. T. Nevalainen
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - E. J. Trabulsi
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - L. G. Gomella
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - P. McCue
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Medical Oncology, and Urology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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111
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Gu L, Kim Y, Liu Y, Ryou H, Wimmer C, Dai L, Arola D, Looney S, Pashley D, Tay F. Biomimetic analogs for collagen biomineralization. J Dent Res 2011; 90:82-7. [PMID: 20940362 PMCID: PMC3143382 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510385241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inability of chemical phosphorylation of sodium trimetaphosphate to induce intrafibrillar mineralization of type I collagen may be due to the failure to incorporate a biomimetic analog to stabilize amorphous calcium phosphates (ACP) as nanoprecursors. This study investigated adsorption/desorption characteristics of hydrolyzed and pH-adjusted sodium trimetaphosphate (HPA-Na(3)P(3)O(9)) to collagen. Based on those results, a 5-minute treatment time with 2.8 wt% HPA-Na(3)P(3)O(9) was used in a single-layer reconstituted collagen model to confirm that both the ACP-stabilization analog and matrix phosphoprotein analog must be present for intrafibrillar mineralization. The results of that model were further validated by complete remineralization of phosphoric-acid-etched dentin treated with the matrix phosphoprotein analog and lined with a remineralizing lining composite, and with the ACP-stabilization analog supplied in simulated body fluid. An understanding of the basic processes involved in intrafibrillar mineralization of reconstituted collagen fibrils facilitates the design of novel tissue engineering materials for hard tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y.K. Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H. Ryou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Processes, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C.E. Wimmer
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L. Dai
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - D.D. Arola
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Processes, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S.W. Looney
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - F.R. Tay
- Department of Oral Biology
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA
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112
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Parente JM, Loushine RJ, Susin L, Gu L, Looney SW, Weller RN, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Root canal debridement using manual dynamic agitation or the EndoVac for final irrigation in a closed system and an open system. Int Endod J 2010; 43:1001-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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113
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Cui N, Cao B, Liu YM, Liang LR, Gu L, Song SF, Guo P, Yin YD, Li F, Li BB, Su LL, Yang CX, Wang CL. OL-050 Clinical and economic impact of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a teaching hospital in China. Int J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(10)60062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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114
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Demmy TL, Gu L, Burkhalter JE, Toloza EM, D'Amico TA, Sutherland S, Wang XF, Archer L, Veit LJ, Kohman L. Comparison of in-dwelling catheters and talc pleurodesis in the management of malignant pleural effusions. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.9031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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115
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Capelletti M, Wang XF, Gu L, Graziano SL, Kratzke RA, Strauss GM, Maddaus M, Green MR, Vokes EE, Janne PA. Impact of KRAS mutations on adjuvant carboplatin/paclitaxel in surgically resected stage IB NSCLC: CALGB 9633. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.7008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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116
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Li XY, Li J, Feng DF, Gu L. Diffuse axonal injury induced by simultaneous moderate linear and angular head accelerations in rats. Neuroscience 2010; 169:357-69. [PMID: 20451584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most common and important pathologic features of human traumatic brain injury (TBI), accounting for high mortality and development of persistent post-traumatic neurologic sequelae. Although a relatively high number of therapies have been shown to be effective in experimental models, there are currently few treatments that are effective for improving the prognosis of clinical DAI. A major reason is the failure of current models to validly reproduce the pathophysiological characteristics observed after clinical DAI. In the present study, we employed a specially designed, highly controllable model to induce a sudden rotation in the coronal plane (75 degrees rotation at 1.6x10(4) degrees/s) combined with lateral translation (1.57 cm displacement at 3.4x10(2) cm/s) to the rat's head. We were interested in discovering whether the combined accelerations could reproduce the pathophysiological changes analogous to those seen in human DAI. The axonal injury as assessed with amyloid protein precursor (APP) as a marker was consistently present in all injured rats. The commonly injured brain regions included the subcortical regions, deep white matter, corpus callosum and brain stem. The evolution of APP accumulations in brain sections depicted the detailed progression of axonal pathology. Ultrastructural studies gave further insights into the presence and progression of axonal injury. All injured rats exhibited transient physiological dysfunction, as well as immediate and dramatic neurological impairment that still persisted at 14 days after injury. These results suggest that this model reproduced the major pathophysiological changes analogous to those observed after severe clinical TBI and provides an attractive vehicle for experimental brain injury research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, No.3 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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117
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Gu L, Dillenburger B, Roe AW. A novel dynamically induced 'pure illusory contour'. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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118
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Kim J, Gu L, Breschi L, Tjäderhane L, Choi KK, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Implication of ethanol wet-bonding in hybrid layer remineralization. J Dent Res 2010; 89:575-80. [PMID: 20200419 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510363380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During mineralization, unbound water within the collagen matrix is replaced by apatite. This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the status of in vitro biomimetic remineralization of hybrid layers, regardless of their moisture contents. Acid-etched dentin was bonded with One-Step with ethanol-wet-bonding, water-wet-bonding, and water-overwet-bonding protocols. Composite-dentin slabs were subjected to remineralization for 1-4 months in a medium containing dual biomimetic analogs, with set Portland cement as the calcium source and characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Remineralization was either non-existent or restricted to the intrafibrillar mode in ethanol-wet-bonded specimens. Extensive intrafibrillar and interfibrillar remineralization was observed in water-wet-bonded specimens. Water-overwet specimens demonstrated partial remineralization of hybrid layers and precipitation of mineralized plates within water channels. The use of ethanol-wet-bonding substantiates that biomimetic remineralization is a progressive dehydration process that replaces residual water in hybrid layers with apatite crystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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119
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Kim YK, Yiu CKY, Kim JR, Gu L, Kim SK, Weller RN, Pashley DH, Tay FR. Failure of a glass ionomer to remineralize apatite-depleted dentin. J Dent Res 2010; 89:230-5. [PMID: 20110510 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509357172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Remineralization of demineralized dentin lesions adjacent to glass-ionomer cements (GICs) has been reported in the literature. This study tested the hypothesis that a strontium-based GIC can remineralize completely demineralized dentin by nucleation of new apatite crystallites within an apatite-free dentin matrix. Human dentin specimens were acid-etched, bonded with Fuji IX(GP), and immersed in a calcium-and-phosphate-containing 1.5X simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1-4 months. Polyacrylic acid and polyvinylphosphonic acid biomimetic analogs were added to the SBFs to create 2 additional remineralization media. Specimens were processed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No apatite deposition could be identified in the completely demineralized dentin in any of the specimens immersed in the 3 remineralization media, despite TEM/EDX evidence of diffusion of ions specific to the strontium-based GIC into the demineralized dentin. The hypothesis was rejected; mineral concentration alone is not a sufficient endpoint for assessing the success of contemporary remineralization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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120
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Gu L, Qiu L, Di W. P1016 TWEAK can inhibit the activity of ovarian cancer via macrophage. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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121
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Qiu L, Dai L, Gu L, Di W. O764 TWEAK promotes ovarian cancer cell metastasis via NF-κB pathway activation and VEGF expression. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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122
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123
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Lai Q, Yuan J, Gu L, Shao Z. Marispirillum indicum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea environment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1278-81. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.003889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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124
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Chan L, Buckstein R, Reis M, Chesney A, Lam A, Cheung M, Piliotis E, Gu L, Wells R. P058 Intracellular ROS in bone marrow cells in myelodysplastic syndrome: technical and methodological considerations. Leuk Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(09)70138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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125
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Chan L, Buckstein R, Reis M, Chesney A, Lam A, Cheung M, Piliotis E, Gu L, Wells R. P059 Changes in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species in the hematopoietic progenitors of MDS and AML patients. Leuk Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(09)70139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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126
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Chan L, Gu L, Wells R. C036 The effects of iron overload on hematopoiesis in the mouse. Leuk Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(09)70074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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127
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Yuan J, Lai Q, Wang B, Sun F, Liu X, Du Y, Li G, Gu L, Zheng T, Shao Z. Oceanicola pacificus sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea pyrene-degrading consortium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1158-61. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.003400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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128
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Nelayah J, Gu L, Sigle W, Koch CT, Pastoriza-Santos I, Liz-Marzán LM, van Aken PA. Direct imaging of surface plasmon resonances on single triangular silver nanoprisms at optical wavelength using low-loss EFTEM imaging. Opt Lett 2009; 34:1003-1005. [PMID: 19340200 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using low-loss energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) imaging, we map surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) at optical wavelengths on single triangular silver nanoprisms. We show that EFTEM imaging combining high spatial sampling and high energy resolution enables the detection and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, mapping at the nanoscale of an extra multipolar SPR on these nanoparticles. As illustrated on a 276.5 nm long nanoprism, this eigenmode is found to be enhanced on the three edges where it exhibits a two-lobe distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nelayah
- Max-Planck Institute for Metals Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
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129
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Liu Q, Gu L, Dickinson RE, Tian Y, Zhou L, Post WM. Assimilation of satellite reflectance data into a dynamical leaf model to infer seasonally varying leaf areas for climate and carbon models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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130
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Li B, Du T, Li H, Gu L, Zhang H, Huang J, Hertz L, Peng L. Signalling pathways for transactivation by dexmedetomidine of epidermal growth factor receptors in astrocytes and its paracrine effect on neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:191-203. [PMID: 18311185 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stimulation of astrocytes by the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine, a neuroprotective drug, transactivates epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. The present study investigates signal pathways leading to release of an EGF receptor ligand and those activated during EGF receptor stimulation, and the response of neurons to dexmedetomidine and to astrocyte-conditioned medium. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Phosphorylation of ERK(1/2) was determined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry, and phosphorylation of EGF receptors by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. mRNA expression of fos family was measured by RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS Pertussis toxin (0.2 microg ml(-1)) an inhibitor of betagamma subunit dissociation from Galpha(i) protein, and GF 109203X (500 nM), a protein kinase C inhibitor, abolished ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. PP1 (10 microM), inhibiting Src kinase and GM 6001 (10 microM), an inhibitor of Zn-dependent metalloproteinase, abolished ERK(1/2) phosphorylation by dexmedetomidine (50 nM), but not that by EGF (10 ng ml(-1)), showing Src kinase and metalloproteinase activation during the first stage only; AG 1478 (1 microM), an inhibitor of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, abolished ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine-induced EGF receptor phosphorylation was prevented by AG 1478, GM 6001, PP1 and GF 109203X and its induction of cfos and fosB by AG 1478 and by U0126 (10 microM), an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation, indicating downstream effects of ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. EGF and conditioned medium from dexmedetomidine-treated astrocytes, but not dexmedetomidine itself, induced ERK phosphorylation in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Dexmedetomidine-induced transactivation pathways were delineated. Its paracrine effect on neurons may account for its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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131
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Li X, Gu L, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zheng G, Huang P, Xu J. Hierarchical spatial hashing-based collision detection and hybrid collision response in a haptic surgery simulator. Int J Med Robot 2008; 4:77-86. [DOI: 10.1002/rcs.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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132
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Peng XM, Lei RX, Gu L, Ma HH, Xie QF, Gao ZL. Influences of MxA gene -88 G/T and IFN-gamma +874 A/T on the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection in an endemic area. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:341-6. [PMID: 17845304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence of human genetics on the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be diminished in endemic areas because infection at a young age predisposes to chronic HBV infection. The present study aimed to address this issue through the determination of the influences of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of myxovirus resistence-1 (MxA) -88 G/T and interferon (IFN)-gamma +874 A/T on the natural history of HBV infection in endemic regions. One hundred adult patients with self-limiting HBV infection (positive for both anti-HBs and anti-HBc) and 340 adult patients with persistent HBV infection were recruited from southern China, an endemic area with an HBsAg carrier rate of 17.8%. SNPs of MxA -88 G/T and interferon (IFN)-gamma +874 A/T were typed using a protocol based on competitively differentiated polymerase chain reaction. A highly significant difference in the distribution of MxA -88 G/T was observed between those with persistent and self-limiting HBV infections. The latter displayed a lower frequency of the GG genotype (41.0% vs. 52.9%, P = 0.036) and a higher frequency of the TT genotype (16.0% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.000), compared to patients with persistent infection. These differences were not gender- or age-specific. However, a significant distribution difference of IFN-gamma +874 A/T was not observed. Between two groups of patients, respectively, the distribution frequencies of the AA genotype (65.0% vs. 72.8%, P = 0.139) and the TT genotype (2.0% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.894) were found. These results suggest that MxA gene -88 G/T and IFN-gamma +874 A/T behave differently in endemic HBV infections. Further study is necessary to clarify the influences of human genetics on endemic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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133
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Jiang J, Zhang R, Cui Z, He J, Gu L, Li S. Parameters controlling the gene-targeting frequency at the Sphingomonas species rrn site and expression of the methyl parathion hydrolase gene. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:1578-85. [PMID: 17578423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the key parameters controlling the exogenous methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) gene mpd-targeting frequency at the ribosomal RNA operon (rrn) site of Sphingomonas species which has a wide range of biotechnological applications. METHODS AND RESULTS Targeting vectors with different homology lengths and recipient target DNA with different homology identities were used to investigate the parameters controlling the targeting frequency at the Sphingomonas species rrn site. Targeting frequency decreased with the reduction of homology length, and the minimal size for normal homologous recombination was >100 bp. Homologous recombination could succeed even if there were 3-4% mismatches; however, targeting frequency decreased with increasing sequence divergence. The Red recombination system could increase the targeting frequency to some extent. Targeting of the mpd gene to the rrn site did not affect cell viability and resulted in an increase of MPH-specific activity in recombinants. CONCLUSIONS Targeting frequency was affected by homology length, identity and the Red recombination system. The rrn site is a good target site for the expression of exogenous genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work is useful as a foundation for a better understanding of recombination events involving homologous sequences and for the improved manipulation of Sphingomonas genes in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wayne A, Findley HW, Lew G, Ahuja Y, Gu L, Stetler-Stevenson M, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I. Pre-clinical studies and phase I clinical trial of the anti-CD22 immunotoxin CAT-3888 (BL22) for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9560 Background: ALL is the most common childhood malignancy. Although highly curable, therapy is associated with multiple toxicities and ALL remains the most frequent cause of pediatric cancer mortality. Most ALL is CD22+ and we evaluated the anti-CD22 immunotoxin RFB4(dsFv)-PE38 (BL22 or CAT-3888) in the treatment of pediatric ALL. Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed on blasts from 42 children with CD22+ ALL. In vivo studies were performed using a xenograft model (SCID mouse - EU1 human ALL cell line). A pediatric phase I trial of CAT-3888 was initiated. Results: CAT-3888 induced in vitro cytotoxicity against most ALL samples (median IC50 9.8 ng/ml). A dose response was observed in murine xenografts with significant prolongation of leukemia free survival (p<0.05). 18 subjects (15 ALL, 3 lymphoma; 3 - 22 years of age) were treated on a Phase I trial at doses of 10 - 40 mcg/kg QOD for 3 - 6 doses with cycles repeated every 21 - 28 days. Treatment was well tolerated and no dose limiting toxicity was seen. Pharmacokinetics were influenced by disease burden and T1/2 showed an inverse relationship to marrow blasts (r2=0.5) consistent with rapid drug binding by CD22+ cells. All subjects were heavily pre-treated and had progressive high burden disease at the time of treatment. Transient clinical activity was observed in 16 of 18 subjects as evidenced by decreased peripheral blast count (8), decreased marrow infiltration (3), decreased extramedullary disease (2), increased platelet count (2), increased neutrophil count (1), increased reticulocyte count (1), improved PET scan (1), decreased tumor-associated pain (2), and/or peripheral blast count stabilization (3). A dose response was apparent with 4 of 9 (44%) achieving stable disease at or above doses of 30 mcg/kg. Conclusions: The majority of pediatric ALL blasts are highly sensitive in vitro to CAT-3888 at concentrations far below clinically achievable levels. CAT-3888 is well tolerated in pediatric patients and activity has been seen in most subjects treated on the phase I trial. CD22 represents a relevant target for pediatric ALL. A new higher affinity anti-CD22 immunotoxin (HA22 or CAT-8015) is in development. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wayne
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - H. W. Findley
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - G. Lew
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Y. Ahuja
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - L. Gu
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. Stetler-Stevenson
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - R. J. Kreitman
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - I. Pastan
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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135
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Lilenbaum R, Wang X, Gu L, Kirshner J, Vokes E. Phase II randomized trial of docetaxel plus cetuximab or bortezomib in patients with advanced NSCLC and performance status (PS) 2—CALGB 30402. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7595 Background: There is no standard treatment for patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC and PS 2. Docetaxel (D) is active and well tolerated on a weekly schedule. Cetuximab (C) and Bortezomib (B) are new agents with activity in NSCLC. We explored these two new combinations in PS 2 pts. Methods: In a multi-center randomized phase II trial, untreated pts with advanced NSCLC and PS 2 were randomized to D 30 mg/m2 d1,8,15 q. 28 days in combination with either C 400 mg/m2 week 1 then 250 mg/m2 weekly, or B 1.6 mg/m2 d1,8,15 q. 28 days for 4 cycles. Pts with CR/PR/SD were allowed to continue C or B until PD. The study was non-comparative and the primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. The trial had a type I error of 0.0746 and power of 0.9 to differentiate a 6-mo PFS of <20% vs. >42%. Results: 64 pts were enrolled between 7/05 and 9/06. 5 were ineligible and 3 never received protocol treatment. Results are reported for 55 pts (27 D+C; 28 D+B). Most pts had stage IV adenoCa and 13% had brain metastases. Median age was 70 (range, 35–88) and 65% were male. Response: 10.5% for D+C and 13.6% for D+B. Median PFS was 3.1 mo for D+C and 1.8 mo for D+B. PFS rates at 4 mo (data not yet mature for 6-mo): 33% and 28%, respectively. Median survival: 3.8 mo for D+C and 3.3 mo for D+B. Gr 3/4 hematologic toxicity was 17% in both arms. Gr 3/4 non-heme toxicities were 44% in D+C and 36% in D+B arm. 5 pts died of treatment-related toxicities (3 D+C; 2 D+B). Conclusions: These results confirm the poor prognosis associated with a PS of 2. Based on our preliminary analysis, neither combination produced results that justify further research in this subset of patients. The treatment of PS 2 patients with advanced NSCLC remains a vexing problem and new approaches are urgently needed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lilenbaum
- Mount Sinai Cancer Center, Miami Beach, FL; Duke University, Durham, NC; Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, Syracuse, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X. Wang
- Mount Sinai Cancer Center, Miami Beach, FL; Duke University, Durham, NC; Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, Syracuse, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Gu
- Mount Sinai Cancer Center, Miami Beach, FL; Duke University, Durham, NC; Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, Syracuse, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Kirshner
- Mount Sinai Cancer Center, Miami Beach, FL; Duke University, Durham, NC; Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, Syracuse, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. Vokes
- Mount Sinai Cancer Center, Miami Beach, FL; Duke University, Durham, NC; Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, Syracuse, NY; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Green MR, Miller AA, Wang XF, Gu L, Vokes EE. Phase II randomized study of dose-dense docetaxel (Doc) and cisplatin (Cis) every two weeks with pegfilgrastim (Pfil) and darbepoetin alfa (Darb) with and without the chemoprotector BNP7787 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): CAL. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7617 Background: We sought to explore the toxicity, feasibility, and response rate of dose-dense Doc and Cis with growth factor support without [A] and with [B] a novel chemoprotector in patients with NSCLC. Methods: Patients with measurable disease, stage IIIB (effusion) or IV, performance status (PS) 0–1, no prior chemotherapy, and adequate organ function were eligible. Treatment with Doc 75 mg/m2 ? Cis 75 mg/m2 both IV over 1 hr day 1 with Darb 200 mcg SC day 1 and Pfil 6 mg SC day 2 randomized to without/with BNP before Cis was repeated every other week (1 cycle = 2 weeks) for up to 6 cycles. Response was determined after 3 and 6 cycles. Because of anticipated neurotoxicity (NT), the primary statistical endpoint was to differentiate between grade =2 NT rates of 30% in [A] and 10% in [B]: 90% power, two-tailed p<0.10, 76 patients per arm. Feasibility was prospectively defined as febrile neutropenia in <10% of patients and =1 treatment delay per cycles 1–3 and 4–6 in <20% of patients. Objective response rates of >35% were required to merit further investigation. Results: Between 8/04 and 3/06, 160 patients were enrolled but 5 never started therapy and 4 were ineligible: male/female, 99/52; white/black/other, 126/23/2; median age 62 (range, 30–88); PS 0/1, 69/82; stage IIIB/IV 14/137; [A]/[B], 76/75 well balanced. Sensory/motor/either NT grade =2 occurred in 28/14/32% on [A] and 19/19/29% on [B]. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 1%. Treatment was delayed in cycles 1–3/cycles 4–6 in 3/3 patients in [A] and 1/5 patients in [B]. Completion rates for 3/6 cycles were 87/51% in [A] and 84/52% in [B]. By intent to treat, complete/partial response rates were 4/46% in [A] and 3/47% in [B]. Median estimated overall/progression-free survival times are10/6 months in [A] and 11/6 months in [B]. Overall, grade 3+4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in =10% and anemia in 12% of patients. Non-hematologic toxicity was mild. Six deaths were thought to be treatment related. Conclusions: This dose-dense treatment regimen is feasible, tolerable, and worthy of further investigation in NSCLC. BNP did not result in significant protection from NT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - X. F. Wang
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Gu
- Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL
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137
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Gu L, Li B, Yang X, Hu X, Huang X, Hertz L, Peng L. Depolarization-induced, glutamate receptor–mediated, and transactivation-dependent extracellular-signal regulated kinase phosphorylation in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Neuroscience 2007; 147:342-53. [PMID: 17544586 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depolarization of 7-8-day-old mouse cerebellar granule neurons in primary cultures, a glutamatergic preparation, by elevation of the extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+]e) to 45 mM induces an increase of phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) at two time periods: 20 min and 60 min after the [K+]e increase. This effect can be mimicked by 5 min of exposure to 50 microM glutamate, suggesting that ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to the depolarization is brought about by the resulting glutamate release. This concept is supported by the observation that the K+ -mediated stimulation of phosphorylation at both times is inhibited by MK-801, an NMDA antagonist, and by CNQX, an AMPA/kainate antagonist. These antagonists also inhibit the response to glutamate. Both increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation are also inhibited by GM 6001 (a metalloproteinase inhibitor, preventing 'shedding' of growth factors), by AG 1478 (a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, preventing epidermal growth factor [EGF] receptor activation), and also partly by heparin (inactivating heparin-binding epidermal growth factor [HB-EGF]), suggesting transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). Transactivation is an intracellular/extracellular signal transduction pathway in which release from receptor- or depolarization-stimulated cells of EGFR ligand(s) (including HB-EGF), catalyzed by a metalloproteinase, stimulates receptor tyrosine kinases on the same (an autocrine effect) or adjacent (a paracrine effect) cells. The expression of HB-EGF as well as of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), two of the EGFR ligands, in the cells was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the only partial inhibition by heparin suggests that both of these EGFR agonists are involved. Such a transactivation may play a major role in glutamate-mediated signaling and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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139
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Ge YB, Du J, Fan LL, Li YC, Gu L. Chronic ethanol feeding alters the epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat gastric mucosa. Histol Histopathol 2006; 22:185-90. [PMID: 17149691 DOI: 10.14670/hh-22.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a chronic drinking rat model to investigate the long-term effects of ethanol feeding on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat stomach. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received either an isocaloric control or drinking water containing 6% (v/v) ethanol as their only water intake for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. At the end of each feeding period, animals were sacrificed and the stomach was dissected for the sample preparation. The cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric mucosa of rats in different groups were analyzed by flow cytometer, immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis. In the flow cytometric study, compared with the control, the cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa of the rats was enhanced during the exposure to the ethanol in 3rd to 28th day. Otherwise the cell proliferation was increased in 3rd to 14th days, and decreased in 28th days, respectively. The results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis studied. This finding suggested that short-term chronic adequate alcohol intake may enhance the cell turnover of gastric mucosa. Long-term stimulus with the low concentration ethanol may cause the impairment of the cell turnover function of the gastric mucosa and may be one of the mechanisms underlying the gastric pathology associated with alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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140
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Gu L, Gautier VW, Sheehy N, Tsuji T, Hayakawa H, Hall WW. The human I-mfa domain containing protein, HIC, interacts with HIV-1 Tat and Rev and sequesters them in the cytoplasm. Retrovirology 2006. [PMCID: PMC1716914 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-3-s1-s106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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141
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Ayala P, Freire F, Gu L, Smith DJ, Solórzano I, Macedo D, Sande JV, Terrones H, Rodriguez-Manzo J, Terrones M. Decorating carbon nanotubes with nanostructured nickel particles via chemical methods. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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142
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Ready N, Janne P, Herndon J, Bogart J, Crawford J, Edelman M, Wang X, Gu L, Green MR, Vokes EE. Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and gefitinib (G) in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A CALGB stratified phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7046 Background: G is a small molecule inhibitor of EGFR with activity in advanced NSCLC and preclinical evidence of being a radiosenitizer. Methods: Patients with stage III NSCLC were assigned to stratum 1 (PS 0–1>5% weight loss and/or PS 2) or stratum 2 (PS 0–1weight loss < 5%). Both strata received induction paclitaxel (P) 200 mg/m2 and carboplatin (C) AUC of 6 IV every three weeks for 2 cycles plus G 250 mg PO/day. G was removed 4/05 from induction therapy as stage IV studies showed no benefit from adding G to P and C. Stratum 1 then received RT 200 cGy for 33 fractions (total dose 6,600 cGy) and G 250 mg PO /day. Stratum 2 received the same RT with concurrent G 250 mg/day, and P 50 mg/m2 plus C AUC of 2 weekly for 7 doses. Maintenance G was started after all toxicities were grade ≤2. Results: Activation was 5/02 and administrative closure 5/04 due to results from SWOG S0023. 64 patients were accrued and 59 (20 stratum 1, 39 stratum 2) were eligible and analyzed: median age 67, male 74%, adeno 30%, squamous 45%, other 25%, IIIA 51%, IIIB 49%. There was no clear increase for acute high-grade infield toxicities compared to CRT alone (reported PASCO 2004). Best response for stratum 1 was PR 29% for induction (RR 29%, 95% CI 10%-56%) and CR 5%, PR 45% full treatment (RR 50%, 95% CI 27%-73%); for stratum 2 PR 13% for induction (RR 13%, 95% CI 3%-34%) and CR 5%, PR 76% full treatment (RR 81%, 95% CI 65%-92%). Stratum 1 “poor risk” median failure free survival (FFS) was 11.5 months (95% CI 5.6–21.2), one year survival 60% (95% CI 33%-79%) and median overall survival (OS) 19.0 months (95% CI 7.2–21.2). Stratum 2 “good risk” median FFS was 9.2 months (95% CI 6.7–12.0), one year survival 47% (95% CI 30%–63%) and median OS was 12.0 months (95% CI 8.5–18.6). EGFR and Ras mutation analysis on tumor biopsies (n = 50) will be presented. Conclusions: Small sample size prevented planned data analysis. Survival of “good risk” patients on stratum 2 (CRT + G) was disappointing. The promising survival of the small number of “poor risk” patients on stratum 1 (RT + G) justifies a follow-up phase II trial of induction chemotherapy followed by RT with a concurrent small molecule EGFR inhibitor. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ready
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - P. Janne
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Herndon
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Bogart
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Crawford
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Edelman
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X. Wang
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Gu
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. R. Green
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. E. Vokes
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; State University New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Blackstock AW, Socinski MA, Bogart J, Gu L, Wang X, Green M, Vokes EE. Induction (Ind) plus concurrent (Con) chemotherapy with high-dose (74 Gy) 3-dimensional (3-D) thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Preliminary report of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 30105. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7042 Background: Combined chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care in stage III NSCLC. At standard TRT doses, local failures remain problematic and strategies exploiting the dose-response aspect of TRT are warranted. 3-D TRT allows escalation of TRT dose with acceptable toxicity (Socinski et al, J Clin Oncol 22:4341, 2004) and may enhance survival by improving loco-regional control. Methods: This is a two-arm randomized phase II trial evaluating 74 Gy with Con chemotherapy: Arm A- 2 cycles of Ind carboplatin (C) (AUC 6) and paclitaxel (P) (225 mg/m2) followed by weekly Con C (AUC 2/wk) and P (45 mg/m2) and 74 Gy; Arm B- 2 cycles of Ind C (AUC 5) and gemcitabine (G) (1000 mg/m2 d1,8) followed by Con G (35 mg/m2 twice weekly) and 74 Gy. The primary endpoint was a survival rate of ≥50% at 18 months after treatment initiation or med survival time (MST) of ≥18 mos. Results: 69 pts were entered (43 Arm A, 26 Arm B)- med age 61 yrs (39–77), 77% male, PS 0:1 42%:58%, stage IIIA:B 52%:48%. Ind therapy on both arms was well tolerated with no pts experiencing disease progression. ARM A- Overall response rate (RR) to all therapy was 61.9%. Gr 3–4 toxicities during Con therapy were anemia (15%), neutropenia (26%), esophagitis (9%), fatigue (9%), neuropathy (3%) and pulmonary (12%). There was 1 (3%) Gr 5 cardiac event. With med follow-up of 16.4 mos, the med progression-free survival (PFS) is 15.2 mos. The MST is not mature enough to estimate as only 15 deaths have occurred. ARM B- Closed early due to 3 (13%) Gr 5 pulmonary events. Overall RR to all therapy was 66.6%. Gr 3–4 toxicities during Con therapy were anemia (13%), fatigue (35%), esophagitis (35%), hemoptysis (4%), pulmonary (26% plus the 3 Gr 5 events). With med follow-up of 22 mos, the med PFS is 7.7 mos and the MST is 13.9 mos. There was a correlation between Gr 3–5 pulmonary toxicity and V20 ≥ 38% (p<0.05). Conclusions: 1) High dose 3-D TRT is feasible within CALGB, 2) the details of TRT (V20) are important with regard to toxicity, 3) the survival of pts on Arm A appears promising. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. W. Blackstock
- Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY; Duke University Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. A. Socinski
- Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY; Duke University Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J. Bogart
- Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY; Duke University Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Gu
- Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY; Duke University Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X. Wang
- Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY; Duke University Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. Green
- Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY; Duke University Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. E. Vokes
- Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY; Duke University Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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144
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Jahan TM, Gu L, Wang X, Kratzke RA, Dudek AZ, Green MR, Vokes EE, Kindler HL. Vatalanib (V) for patients with previously untreated advanced malignant mesothelioma (MM): A phase II study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 30107). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7081 Background: Targeting both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) may be an appropriate therapeutic strategy in MM. MM express VEGF, PDGF, and their receptors, suggesting autocrine growth-stimulating loops. VEGF inhibitors and PDGF inhibitors have in vitro activity in MM. In MM patients (pts), high VEGF levels correlate with poor outcome. Vatalanib inhibits VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases. Methods: We conducted a phase II trial of V in pts with unresectable, histologically-confirmed MM, measurable disease, no prior therapy, ECOG performance status (PS) 0–1. Primary endpoint: 3-month (mo) progression-free survival (PFS). V 1250 mg, was given orally daily. CT scans were obtained Q6 weeks. Baseline serum VEGF, PDGF were determined. Results: 47 eligible pts (46 evaluable) enrolled at 19 sites from 7/03–11/04. Pt characteristics: male 92%, median age 75 (range 51–92; 64% were >70). Histology: epithelial 80%, sarcomatoid 11%, biphasic 9%. Site of origin: pleura 87%, peritoneum 6%, other 6%. PS 0/1: 21%/ 79%. 261 cycles were administered, median 3, range 1–32; 2 pts continue treatment. Grade 3/4 toxicities: neutropenia 2%, lymphopenia 2%, nausea/vomiting 15%/9%, increased ALT/AST 9%/6%, hypertension 2%, gastrointestinal bleed 2%. Partial response: 11% (5 pts), stable disease 66%. 3-mo PFS: 55% (95% CI: 40%, 68%), median PFS: 4.1 mo; median survival 10.0 mo. Median baseline serum levels in 40 pts: VEGF 425 pg/mL, PDGF 22754 pg/mL. There was no correlation between baseline VEGF or PDGF levels and response, PFS, or survival. Conclusions: The study did not achieve the protocol-specified 3-mo PFS of 75%. However, the objective response rate of 11% and median survival of 10 months are similar to other active single-agents for MM, which suggests that V may warrant further study in this disease. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Jahan
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L. Gu
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X. Wang
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R. A. Kratzke
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A. Z. Dudek
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M. R. Green
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E. E. Vokes
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - H. L. Kindler
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN; SECCC Alliance Roper Hospital, Charleston, SC; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Naughton MJ, Gu L, Wang XF, Seidman AD, Winer E, Kornblith AB. Quality of life (QOL) companion to CALGB 9840: A phase III study of paclitaxel (P) via weekly 1 hour (hr) versus standard 3 hour infusion every 3 weeks with trastuzumab in the treatment of patients with/without HER-2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
674 Background: This study determined if adding trastuzumab (Herceptin, T) to P modified the QOL of HER-2 non-overexpressors and examined QOL differences between patients treated with weekly versus standard P. Methods: Of the 585 patients treated in CALGB 9840, 394 provided QOL data. Eligibility criteria and main trial results were reported, indicating greater efficacy in weekly versus standard P, but no greater efficacy with T in HER-2 negatives (Seidman AD et al., Proc ASCO 2004, Vol. 22, No 14S, abstract 512). HER-2 non-overexpressors were randomized to 1 of 4 groups: 1) P 175 mg/m2 over 3 hrs every 3 wks; 2) P 80 mg/m2 over 1 hr weekly; 3) P 175 mg/m2 over 3 hrs every 3 wks + T 4 mg/kg load, then 2 mg/kg weekly; and 4) P l 80 mg/m2 over 1 hr weekly + T 4 mg/kg load, then 2 mg/kg weekly, all IV. All HER-2 overexpressors received T and were randomized to group 3 or 4. Patients completed QOL interviews prior to randomization, and at 3, 6, and 9 months. Main outcome measures were the EORTC-C30 with the Breast Module (QLQ-BR23). Data were analyzed using general linear models for repeated measures, with the following covariates: treatment arm, assessment point, patient age, race, education, marital status, performance status, prior chemotherapy, and prior radiation therapy. Results: HER-2 negative patients receiving weekly P with/without T as compared to standard P with/without T reported better global QOL (p=.022) and fewer cancer symptoms (p=.036). No QOL differences were observed among the HER-2 overexpressors. The use of T in the HER-2 negatives, regardless of P schedule, resulted in better role (p=.002) and emotional functioning (p=.039), and fewer arm (p=.045) and breast (p=.033) symptoms than HER-2 negative patients not receiving T. No differences in physical, social, and cognitive functioning were observed across any of these treatment groups. Conclusions: Both weekly P and T improved the QOL of HER-2 negative patients. There were no QOL differences by P schedule among the HER-2 overexpressors. The higher QOL in HER-2 negatives receiving T was unexpected, inconsistent with clinical data, and needs further exploration in the dataset. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Naughton
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - L. Gu
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - X. F. Wang
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A. D. Seidman
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - E. Winer
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A. B. Kornblith
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Abstract
This current study aims to explore the feasibility of eliminating the premixing step for making pellets in a rotary processor. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and lactose were used as starting materials. They could be loaded into the rotary processor separately using three different loading configurations (Methods I, II, and III) or as MCC:lactose blend, which was prepared in the separate mixer prior to loading (Method IV). Physical properties of the pellets prepared in Methods I-III were evaluated and compared against those prepared using a premixed blend (Method IV). The effects of loading configuration on pellet quality can be assessed by comparing the pellets prepared in Methods I, II, and III. Physical characterization of pellets included mean size, size distribution, oversized fraction, and shape. No significant difference in pellet properties could be attributed to the effect of premixing. Pellet properties were not significantly affected by the different loading configurations either. This study demonstrated that homogeneous powder blends are not required for the production of pellets in rotary processing. The tumbling action of the powders at the start of rotary processing is sufficient to ensure adequate powder mixing. However, it may be judicious to cofeed the different powders to achieve some preliminary mixing during loading under extreme processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Gu L, Findley HW, Zhu N, Zhou M. Endogenous TNFα mediates cell survival and chemotherapy resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Leukemia 2006; 20:900-4. [PMID: 16511511 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Blackstock A, Socinski M, Fitzgerald T, Gu L, Rosenman J, Wang X, Bogart J, Vokes E, Green M. Initial Pulmonary Toxicity Evaluation of Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) Utilizing 74 Gy 3-Dimensional (3-D) Thoracic Radiation in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Randomized Phase II Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yang X, Wu Y, Gu L, Chen G, Cheng C, Yang J, Weng Y, Zhong W, Liao R, Xiao P. P-645 A randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant gemicitabine plus carboplatin or cisplatin followed by surgery with surgery alone in Clinical Stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)81138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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150
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Baldocchi DD, Black TA, Curtis PS, Falge E, Fuentes JD, Granier A, Gu L, Knohl A, Pilegaard K, Schmid HP, Valentini R, Wilson K, Wofsy S, Xu L, Yamamoto S. Predicting the onset of net carbon uptake by deciduous forests with soil temperature and climate data: a synthesis of FLUXNET data. Int J Biometeorol 2005; 49:377-387. [PMID: 15688192 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-005-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the date of the onset of net carbon uptake by temperate deciduous forest canopies corresponds with the time when the mean daily soil temperature equals the mean annual air temperature. The hypothesis was tested using over 30 site-years of data from 12 field sites where CO(2) exchange is being measured continuously with the eddy covariance method. The sites spanned the geographic range of Europe, North America and Asia and spanned a climate space of 16 degrees C in mean annual temperature. The tested phenology rule was robust and worked well over a 75 day range of the initiation of carbon uptake, starting as early as day 88 near Ione, California to as late as day 147 near Takayama, Japan. Overall, we observed that 64% of variance in the timing when net carbon uptake started was explained by the date when soil temperature matched the mean annual air temperature. We also observed a strong correlation between mean annual air temperature and the day that a deciduous forest starts to be a carbon sink. Consequently we are able to provide a simple phenological rule that can be implemented in regional carbon balance models and be assessed with soil and temperature outputs produced by climate and weather models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis D Baldocchi
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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