101
|
|
102
|
Eric Banks R, Besheesh MK, Lawrence NJ, Pritchard RG, Tovell DJ. Novel conversion of perfluoro(2,6-dimethyl-1-azacyclohexene) to 3,3,4,4,5-pentafluoro-2,6-diphenyl-2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)- 1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane. Chem Commun (Camb) 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a807673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
103
|
Lawrence NJ, Lamarche O, Thurrab N. The facile synthesis of α-aryl-α-hydroxy esters via one-pot vicarious nucleophilic substitution and oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a900986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
104
|
|
105
|
Abstract
Tubulin is the biochemical target for several clinically used anticancer drugs, including paclitaxel and the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. This review describes both the natural and synthetic agents which are known to interact with tubulin. Syntheses of the more complex agents are referenced and the potential clinical use of the compounds is discussed. This review describes the biochemistry of tubulin, microtubules, and the mitotic spindle. The agents are discussed in relation to the type of binding site on the protein with which they interact. These are the colchicine, vinca alkaloid, rhizoxin/maytansine, and tubulin sulfhydryl binding sites. Also included are the agents which either bind at other sites or unknown sites on tubulin. The literature is reviewed up to October 1997.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
106
|
Kousta E, Chrisoulidou A, Lawrence NJ, al-Shoumer KA, Parker KH, McCarthy MI, Johnston DG. The circadian rhythm of leptin is preserved in growth hormone deficient hypopituitary adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998; 48:685-90. [PMID: 9713555 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1998.00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin acts as a satiety factor in regulating food intake and body homeostasis, but its regulation is not well defined. Specific leptin receptors have been found in the brain and it has been hypothesized that leptin production by adipose tissue is under neuroendocrine control. A circadian rhythm has been demonstrated with highest leptin levels between midnight and early morning hours. The possibility that hypopituitarism (or pituitary surgery +/- radiotherapy) abolishes this leptin rhythm was investigated by measuring serum leptin levels during a 24-h period in patients with impaired pituitary function. PATIENTS AND DESIGN Circulating leptin levels were measured hourly over 24-h in 14 hypopituitary patients (8 women and 6 men) using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Hypopituitarism was the consequence of pituitary tumors treated surgically and/or with radiotherapy. All patients were GH deficient and were receiving conventional replacement with cortisol (n = 13), thyroxine (n = 12) and desmopressin (n = 4) but not with GH. RESULTS A significant diurnal variation in circulating leptin concentrations was observed in 13 of the 14 patients. The mean (+/- SEM) leptin levels for 8 women were 51.9 (+/- 10.7) ng/ml and for 6 men 11.0 (+/- 2.0) micrograms/l. The overall lowest leptin levels (29.3 +/- 7.9 ng/ml) were observed at 0830 h after overnight fasting, rising gradually to maximum levels (43.0 +/- 9.8 ng/ml) at 0200 h declining thereafter towards fasting values. The mean (+/- SEM) magnitude of circadian variation in absolute leptin levels from the calculated mean level for each patient was 5.6 (+/- 1.2) ng/ml (8.4 +/- 1.4 for women and 1.9 +/- 0.3 for men). The mean (+/- SEM) of the ratio of the amplitude versus mean leptin levels over 24 h for each individual patient was 0.18 (+/- 0.02) (0.19 +/- 0.03 for women and 0.18 +/- 0.02 for men). CONCLUSIONS A circadian rhythm for leptin is generally present in hypopituitary patients who had undergone pituitary surgery and/or radiotherapy, with the highest serum leptin levels being obtained between midnight and early morning hours. Although some patients had some residual pituitary activity, intact hypothalamic-pituitary function is not essential for leptin's circadian rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kousta
- Unit of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
107
|
Ducki S, Forrest R, Hadfield JA, Kendall A, Lawrence NJ, McGown AT, Rennison D. Potent antimitotic and cell growth inhibitory properties of substituted chalcones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1051-6. [PMID: 9871706 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted chalcones was synthesised and screened for cytotoxic activity against the K562 human leukaemia cell line. (E)-3-(3"-Hydroxy-4"-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-(3',4',5'- trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one [IC50 (K562) 0.21 nM] was found to be the most active. A relationship between the conformation and cytotoxicity of the chalcones is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
108
|
|
109
|
Brown S, Jordan AM, Lawrence NJ, Pritchard RG, McGown AT. A convenient synthesis of the paclitaxel side-chain via a diastereoselective Staudinger reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
110
|
Bushell SM, Paul Crump J, Lawrence NJ, Pineau G. The synthesis of (±)-aminoglutethimide via vicarious nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
111
|
|
112
|
Fleming I, Lawrence NJ. Stereocontrol in organic synthesis using silicon-containing compounds. A synthesis of (−)-tetrahydrolipstatin using the alkylation of a β-silyl ester and the hydroboration of an allylsilane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a804275f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
113
|
Rondinelli RD, Dunn W, Hassanein KM, Keesling CA, Meredith SC, Schulz TL, Lawrence NJ. A simulation of hand impairments: effects on upper extremity function and implications toward medical impairment rating and disability determination. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78:1358-63. [PMID: 9421991 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether simulation of significant impairment of the hand will have a predictable impact on degree of functional loss at the wrist and hand. DESIGN Single subject repeat measures using before-after trial comparisons and healthy volunteer subjects. SETTING Occupational therapy section of a large academic medical center. OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty adult volunteer student subjects from an occupational therapy education (OTE) department were included. All were between ages 18 and 43 years, right hand dominant, and in excellent general health. There were 19 women and 1 man, reflecting gender distribution of the OTE student body. INTERVENTION A simulated fusion of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb was achieved by immobilization in an individually fabricated splint designed to maximally restrict motion at the first CMC joint. Impairment ratings (baseline vs splinted) according to the AMA Guides were obtained by Greenleaf testing, and upper extremity function was quantitatively assessed before and after splinting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures of upper extremity function included grip and pinch strength, wrist torque, and speed of performance on the Valpar Small Tools test, Jebsen Hand Function test, and an exploratory measure, the Functional Life Activity Test (FLAT). RESULTS Significant impairments were achieved for all subjects after splinting and according to Greenleaf testing. Splinting resulted in significant reductions in grip and pinch strength, wrist torque, and significant slowing of performance on the Valpar, Jebsen, and FLAT tests. Regressions of degree of impairment on degree of functional loss after splinting, and according to each of the above measures, were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of the hand was simulated to a mild-to-moderate degree as measured according to the AMA Guides. This imposed significant reductions in motion at key joints of the wrist and hand as well as significant reductions in grip and pinch strength and wrist torque. A corresponding and significant slowing of performance on a variety of measures of upper extremity function of an industrial and nonindustrial nature was also seen. However, and for the first time, correlation and regression reveals that it is not possible to predict degree of functional loss attributable to degree of impairment for the hand. It thus appears that, for mild-to-moderate clinical impairments, the associated impairment rating is a poor estimator of functional loss at the hand and should be used cautiously, if at all, as a criterion for disability determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Rondinelli
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Ducki S, Hadfield JA, Hepworth LA, Lawrence NJ, Liu CY, McGown AT. Synthesis and cell growth inhibitory properties of substituted (E)-1-phenylbut-1-en-3-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)10147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
115
|
Drew MD, Jackson DA, Lawrence NJ, Liddle J, Pritchard RG. Asymmetric aromatic vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. Chem Commun (Camb) 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/a606921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
116
|
Abstract
Aurantiamide acetate (N-benzoyl-1-phenylalanyl-1-pheylalaninol acetate) has been isolated by chromatographic separation of a methanol extract of Arisaema erubescens and its structure confirmed by synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Department of Chemistry, UMIST, Manchester, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Ducki S, Hadfield JA, Lawrence NJ, Liu CY, McGown AT, Zhang X. Isolation of E-1-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-but-1-en-3-one from Scutellaria barbata. Planta Med 1996; 62:185-186. [PMID: 8657758 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Department of Chemistry, UMIST, Manchester, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
118
|
Affiliation(s)
- S W Breeden
- Department of Chemistry, UMIST, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
119
|
Banks RE, Lawrence NJ, Besheesh MK, Popplewell AL, Pritchard RG. Remote functionalization of (–)-menthol—synthesis of 4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4H-benzo[1,3]oxazine derivatives with the SelectfluorTMreagent F–TEDA–BF4. Chem Commun (Camb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/cc9960001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
120
|
Lawrence NJ, Liddle J, Jackson DA. A One-pot Aromatic Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen/Alkylation Route to Substituted Nitrobenzenes. Synlett 1996. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1996-5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
121
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Cancer Research Campaign Department of Drug Development, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
122
|
Lawrence NJ, Liddle J, Jackson DA. The synthesis of benzylphosphine oxides via aromatic vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
123
|
Booth BL, Lawrence NJ, Pritchard RG, Rashid HS. Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of (1S,3R,4S,1′S)-4-methyl-3-triphenyl-pnosphonium-1-[1′-methyl(methyiphenyl)]-2-hydrido-2-borazetidinium bromide—the first example of a four-membered C–B–N–C heterocycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/c39950000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
124
|
|
125
|
|
126
|
Banks RE, Lawrence NJ, Popplewell AL. Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols and Benzaldehydes with the SelectfluorTMReagent F-TEDA-BF4{1-Chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate)}. Synlett 1994. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1994-23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
127
|
Banks RE, Lawrence NJ, Popplewell AL. Efficient electrophilic fluorination of β-dicarbonyl compounds with the selectfluor reagent F-TEDA-BF4{1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate)}. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/c39940000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
128
|
Breeden SW, Lawrence NJ. Reduction of Carboxylic Esters and Acids by Polymethylhydrosiloxane catalysed by Titanium and Zirconium alkoxides. Synlett 1994. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1994-23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
129
|
Boa AN, Clark J, Jenkins PR, Lawrence NJ. Construction of a key intermediate in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral taxanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/c39930000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
130
|
Fawcett J, House S, Jenkins PR, Lawrence NJ, Russell DR. Stereoselective reactions of lithio-vinylsulf oxides with aldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/p19930000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
131
|
|
132
|
|
133
|
Fleming I, Lawrence NJ, Sarkar AK, Thomas AP. The stereochemistry of the reaction of allylsilanes with osmium tetroxide and of the epoxidation and methylenation of allylsilanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/p19920003303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
134
|
Fleming I, Higgins D, Lawrence NJ, Thomas AP. A regioselective and stereospecific synthesis of allylsilanes from secondary allylic alcohol derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/p19920003331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
135
|
Bonnert RV, Davies MJ, Howarth J, Jenkins PR, Lawrence NJ. Stereoselective reductive hydroxymethylation of an annulated sugar derivative via radical cyclisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/p19920000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
136
|
|
137
|
|
138
|
Fleming I, Lawrence NJ. A synthesis of (−)-tetrahydrolipstatin in which the relative stereochemistry is controlled by a phenyldimethylsilyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)94466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
139
|
|
140
|
|
141
|
Lawrence NJ, Parkinson EK, Emmerson A. Benzoyl peroxide interferes with metabolic co-operation between cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis 1984; 5:419-21. [PMID: 6705146 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/5.3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of benzoyl peroxide to inhibit metabolic co-operation in rodent cell cultures may be relevant to its recently reported tumour promoting activity in mouse epidermis. We show here that non-toxic doses of this compound reduce metabolic co-operation between human epidermal keratinocytes to approximately 30% of that found in controls. The doses of benzoyl peroxide used did not affect keratinocyte morphology or their rate of attachment to the culture substratum. These results could be important as benzoyl peroxide is widely used in industry.
Collapse
|
142
|
Abstract
The effect of dietary fat source in liquid, semipurified diets was studied with 22 Yorkshire pigs. The four treatment groups were fed diets containing 32% butterfat, corn oil, coconut oil or lard on a dry matter basis. Pigs were delivered by Cesarean section and maintained under pathogen-free conditions. Gain and efficiency of feed use were greater (P less than .05) for pigs fed coconut oil than for pigs fed corn oil or lard. In a second trial, choice white grease was added to a starter diet at levels of 0, 4, 8 and 12%. Individual performance of 68 early-weaned (about 27 d of age) Yorkshire pigs was monitored for 35 d. Levels of corn and soybean meal were altered to maintain a constant ratio of other nutrients to digestible energy. Feed intake decreased as fat level increased (linear effect, P less than .004). Gains the first 2 wk also decreased linearly with fat level (P less than .06). Efficiency of feed use was not significantly affected by dietary fat level, but efficiency of use of calculated digestible energy tended to decrease (P less than .07) with added fat.
Collapse
|