101
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Abstract
Pattern hair loss is the most common type of hair loss in both men and women. Scalp hair is typically affected in a characteristic distribution without other scalp or dermatologic findings. Early recognition and treatment can help halt its progression to preserve as much hair as possible. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments have proven helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Tamashunas
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Senior Dermatologist, and Director, Dermatopathology Fellowship, Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Past President, American Academy of Dermatology, American Society of Dermatopathology, and the American Dermatologic Association
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102
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Smile TD, Xiong DX, Varra V, Winter IW, Beal BT, Gastman BR, Geiger JL, Adelstein DJ, Bergfeld WF, Piliang MP, Billings SD, Ko JS, Knackstedt TJ, Lucas JL, Poblete-Lopez CM, Meine JG, Vij A, Vidimos AT, Koyfman SA. Disease Progression in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients With Satellitosis and In-transit Metastasis. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:289-295. [PMID: 33419823 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Satellitosis/in-transit metastasis (S-ITM) has prognostic value in melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma, but is not incorporated into cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) staging. PATIENTS AND METHODS From our IRB-approved registry, patients with high-risk cSCC, including patients with S-ITM, were identified. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analyses were performed to compare disease progression (DP) and overall survival (OS). Cumulative incidence of DP and OS analyses were performed using Fine-Gray and Kaplan-Meier methods, respectively. RESULTS A total of 18 S-ITM subjects were compared to 247 high risk subjects including T3N0 (n=143), N1-N3 without extranodal extension (ENE) (n=56), N1-N3 with ENE (n=26) and M1 disease (n=22). Median follow up was 16.5 months. Three-year rates of DP were 22% for T3N0, 42% for S-ITM, 48% for T4 bone invasion, 50% for N1-N3 without extranodal extension (ENE), 53% for N1-N3 with ENE, and 66% for M1. Patients with S-ITM did not experience significantly worse DP compared to those with T3N0 (HR=1.96, 95%CI=0.8-4.9; p=0.14). CONCLUSION Cutaneous SCC patients with S-ITM experienced outcomes similar to locally advanced non-metastatic cSCC patients. Larger studies are needed to guide incorporation into staging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Smile
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.;
| | - David X Xiong
- College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Vamsi Varra
- College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Ian W Winter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Brandon T Beal
- Jacksonville Skin Cancer Specialists, Jacksonville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Brian R Gastman
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Jessica L Geiger
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - David J Adelstein
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer S Ko
- Institute of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | | | - Jennifer L Lucas
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | | | - Jon G Meine
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Alok Vij
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Allison T Vidimos
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Shlomo A Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
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103
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Burnett CL, Boyer IJ, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Ceramides as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:5S-25S. [PMID: 33203269 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820958692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of ceramides, which function in cosmetics primarily as hair-conditioning agents and skin-conditioning agents-miscellaneous. The Panel considered relevant data related to these ingredients. The Panel concluded that ceramides were safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan J Boyer
- ** 44002Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Toxicologist
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- *** Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- *** Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - Paul W Snyder
- *** Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
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104
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Johnson W, Boyer I, Zhu J, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Polyaminopropyl Biguanide (Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride) as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:26S-73S. [PMID: 33203268 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820958683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of Polyaminopropyl Biguanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride), which functions as a preservative in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of this ingredient and concluded that Polyaminopropyl Biguanide is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment, when formulated to be nonirritating and nonsensitizing, which may be based on a quantitative risk assessment or other accepted methodologies. The Panel also concluded that the data are insufficient to determine the safety of Polyaminopropyl Biguanide in products that may be incidentally inhaled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- * 44002Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | - Ivan Boyer
- ** Former 44002Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- *** 44002Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- **** Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- **** Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - Paul W Snyder
- **** Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | - Bart Heldreth
- † 44002Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director
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105
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymers as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:74S-92S. [PMID: 33203270 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820958690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 6 trimellitic anhydride copolymers as used in cosmetics. These ingredients are related as copolymers in that they all share trimellitic anhydride (ie, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid anhydride) as a monomer, are reported to function as film formers in cosmetics, and are reported to be primarily used in nail products. Very limited safety data were available or submitted. The Panel concluded that Adipic Acid/Neopentyl Glycol/Trimellitic Anhydride Copolymer and Phthalic Anhydride/Trimellitic Anhydride/Glycols Copolymer are safe in nail product formulations in the present practices of use and concentration, but the data are insufficient to make a determination of safety on the use of these 2 ingredients in all other types of cosmetic formulations. The Panel also concluded that the available data are insufficient to make a determination that the remaining trimellitic anhydride copolymers are safe for use in cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- **Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- **Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - Paul W Snyder
- **Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
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106
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Monoglyceryl Monoesters as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:93S-126S. [PMID: 33203266 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820966951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 44 monoglyceryl monoesters that are structurally constituted as the esterification products of glycerin and carboxylic acids (the majority of which are fatty acids); 36 of these monoesters were previously reviewed by the Panel, and 8 are reviewed herein for the first time. Most of the monoglyceryl monoesters have several reported functions in cosmetics, but the most common function among the ingredients is skin conditioning agent; a few are reported to function only as surfactant-emulsifying agents. The Panel reviewed relevant new data, including frequency and concentration of use and considered the data from previous Cosmetic Ingredient Review reports. The Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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107
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Silk Protein Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:127S-144S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581820966953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of Hydrolyzed Silk and 9 other silk protein ingredients, which function primarily as skin and hair conditioning agents and bulking agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients and concluded that 8 ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, as described in this safety assessment, but that the available data are insufficient for determining the safety of 2 silk protein ingredients in cosmetic products, MEA-Hydrolyzed Silk and Silkworm Cocoon Extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
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108
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Lecithin and Other Phosphoglycerides as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:5S-25S. [PMID: 32975152 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820953123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoglycerides considered in this safety assessment are reported to function primarily as skin and hair conditioning agents, emulsifying agents, and surfactants in cosmetic products and are used up to a maximum reported concentration of 50%. Although phospholipids exert physiologic effects, these are not reproduced by application of phospholipid ingredients to the skin. Given the possibility that Lecithin may be derived from animal sources, it should be noted that the Food and Drug Administration does not permit the use of ingredients made from bovine specified risk materials in cosmetic products. The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety concluded that the 17 phosphoglycerides are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, as described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
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109
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Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of 2-Amino-3-Hydroxypyridine as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:91S-97S. [PMID: 32975151 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820952376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 2-Amino-3-Hydroxypyridine, which is reported to function as an oxidative hair dye ingredient. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment, and concluded that 2-Amino-3-Hydroxypyridine is safe in the present practices of use and concentration for use in oxidative hair dye formulations.
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110
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Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Polyene Group as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:59S-90S. [PMID: 32975153 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820952385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of polyenes, which are reported to function in cosmetics primarily as film formers and viscosity increasing agents. The Panel reviewed relevant data related to these ingredients, not inggaps in the available safety data for some of the polyenes in this safety assessment. The data available for many of the ingredients are sufficient and can be extrapolated to support the safety of the entire group because of the similarities in the chemical structures, chemical properties, use concentrations, and reported functions across the group. The Panel concluded that polyenes were safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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111
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Brozyna JR, Sardiña LA, Sharma A, Theil KS, Bergfeld WF. Acute purpura fulminans-a rare cause of skin necrosis: A single-institution clinicopathological experience. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:1003-1009. [PMID: 32356378 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purpura fulminans, an uncommon syndrome of intravascular thrombosis with hemorrhagic infarction of the skin, is often accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and multi-organ failure, and may ultimately lead to death. METHODS Herein, we document 13 skin biopsies from 11 adult patients with the clinical diagnosis of sepsis and confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of intravascular thrombosis and/or DIC, compatible with acute infectious purpura fulminans (AIPF). Detailed history and clinical examination were performed, and the lesions were correlated with histopathologic findings. Any underlying medical disease was taken into consideration. RESULTS There were 5 males and 6 females with lower extremity or peri-incisional purpuric skin lesions. The most important comorbidities identified were a history of surgical procedure or neoplasm, although 4 patients had no relevant underlying history. Most skin biopsies revealed focal epidermal ischemia or necrosis and 3 showed full-thickness epidermal necrosis. In the underlying dermis, there were fibrin thrombi in superficial and deep blood vessels with acute inflammation. Changes of an inflammatory destructive vasculitis were identified in 5 cases. No bacteria or fungi were identified on histopathology. CONCLUSIONS AIPF is a rapidly-progressing medical emergency which may be identified by histopathology in culture-negative cases. Biopsies may show neutrophilic infiltrate without infective organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Brozyna
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luis A Sardiña
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karl S Theil
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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112
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Meah N, Wall D, York K, Bhoyrul B, Bokhari L, Asz-Sigall D, Bergfeld WF, Betz RC, Blume-Peytavi U, Callender V, Chitreddy V, Combalia A, Cotsarelis G, Craiglow B, Donovan J, Eisman S, Farrant P, Green J, Grimalt R, Harries M, Hordinsky M, Irvine AD, Itami S, Jolliffe V, King B, Lee WS, McMichael A, Messenger A, Mirmirani P, Olsen E, Orlow SJ, Piraccini BM, Rakowska A, Reygagne P, Roberts JL, Rudnicka L, Shapiro J, Sharma P, Tosti A, Vogt A, Wade M, Yip L, Zlotogorski A, Sinclair RD. The Alopecia Areata Consensus of Experts (ACE) study part II: Results of an international expert opinion on diagnosis and laboratory evaluation for alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:1594-1601. [PMID: 32926985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the Alopecia Areata Consensus of Experts study, which presented results of an international expert opinion on treatments for alopecia areata. OBJECTIVE To report the results of the Alopecia Areata Consensus of Experts international expert opinion on diagnosis and laboratory evaluation for alopecia areata. METHODS Fifty hair experts from 5 continents were invited to participate in a 3-round Delphi process. Consensus threshold was set at greater than or equal to 66%. RESULTS Of 148 questions, expert consensus was achieved in 82 (55%). Round 1 consensus was achieved in 10 of 148 questions (7%). Round 2 achieved consensus in 47 of 77 questions (61%). The final face-to-face achieved consensus in 25 of 32 questions (78%). Consensus was greatest for laboratory evaluation (12 of 14 questions [86%]), followed by diagnosis (11 of 14 questions [79%]) of alopecia areata. Overall, etiopathogenesis achieved the least category consensus (31 of 68 questions [46%]). LIMITATIONS The study had low representation from Africa, South America, and Asia. CONCLUSION There is expert consensus on aspects of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, laboratory evaluation, and prognostic indicators of alopecia areata. The study also highlights areas where future clinical research could be directed to address unresolved hypotheses in alopecia areata patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nekma Meah
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dmitri Wall
- Hair Restoration Blackrock, Ireland; National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Ireland
| | - Katherine York
- Netcare Greenacres Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Bevin Bhoyrul
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laita Bokhari
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Regina C Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Combalia
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany Craiglow
- Dermatology Physicians of Connecticut, Farifield, Connecticut; Yale Department of Dermatology, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Paul Farrant
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Green
- Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramon Grimalt
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Josep Trueta s/n 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, MAHSC and NIHR Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Hordinsky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Satoshi Itami
- Department of Dermatology, Oita University, Idaigaoka, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
| | - Victoria Jolliffe
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brett King
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Won-Soo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Amy McMichael
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Messenger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paradi Mirmirani
- Kaiser Permanente Vallejo, Department of Dermatology, California
| | - Elise Olsen
- Duke Dermatology Clinic-Clinic 3K, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Seth J Orlow
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- International Relations, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Dermatology Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adriana Rakowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pascal Reygagne
- Centre de santé Sabouraud, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology at NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Annika Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wade
- The London Skin and Hair Clinic, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leona Yip
- Skin Partners Specialist Dermatologists, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abraham Zlotogorski
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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113
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Sharma A, Brozyna J, Knabel D, Bergfeld WF. Collagenous Spherulosis in Benign Lichenoid Keratosis-Breaking the Monopoly of Breast Lesions. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:620-622. [PMID: 32701703 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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114
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Cherian P, Zhu J, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:5S-97S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581820925001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 21 parabens as preservatives in cosmetic products. All of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as preservatives; however, 5 are reported to also function as fragrance ingredients. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients under the reported conditions of use in cosmetic formulations. The Panel concluded that 20 of the 21 parabens included in this report are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when the sum of the total parabens in any given formulation does not exceed 0.8%. However, the available data are insufficient to support a conclusion of safety for benzylparaben in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Cherian
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V. Belsito
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A. Hill
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Daniel C. Liebler
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G. Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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115
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Sardiña LA, Pinto A, Elston CA, Bergfeld WF, Stojanov IJ. Oral and maxillofacial disease: A model for interprofessional education and care. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:471-472. [PMID: 32522533 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.04.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sardiña
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andres Pinto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carly A Elston
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Ivan J Stojanov
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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116
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Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Glycerin as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 38:6S-22S. [PMID: 31840548 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819883820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a safety assessment of glycerin as used in cosmetics. Glycerin functions as a denaturant, fragrance ingredient, hair conditioning agent, humectant, oral care agent, oral health-care drug, skin protectant, skin conditioning agent-humectant, and viscosity-decreasing agent. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed relevant animal and human data. The Panel concluded that glycerin is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian C Becker
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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117
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Arshdeep, Kubba R, Bergfeld WF, Srinivas CR. Finasteride in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: Joining the Dots! Skin Appendage Disord 2020; 6:182-183. [PMID: 32656242 DOI: 10.1159/000506523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep
- Delhi Dermatology Group, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kubba
- Delhi Dermatology Group, New Delhi, India
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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118
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of PCA (2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylic Acid) and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 38:5S-11S. [PMID: 31522652 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819856568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reassessed the safety of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) and sodium PCA; the Panel added 3 previously unreviewed salts (calcium, magnesium, and potassium) of PCA to this safety assessment. 2-Pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid and its salts are reported to function in cosmetics as skin conditioning agents-humectants. The Panel reviewed the data from the 1999 report of PCA and sodium PCA, as well as additional data included in this report, to determine the safety of these ingredients. The Panel concluded that PCA and its salts are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration; additionally, these ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds can be formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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119
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Burnett CL, Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Citrus-Derived Peel Oils as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 38:33S-59S. [PMID: 31522650 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819862504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel assessed the safety of 14 citrus-derived peel oil ingredients and concluded that these ingredients are safe for use in cosmetic products when finished products, excluding rinse-off products, do not contain more than 0.0015% (15 ppm) 5-methoxypsoralen, and when formulated to be nonsensitizing and nonirritating. The citrus-derived peel oil ingredients are most frequently reported to function in cosmetics as fragrances and/or skin conditioning agents. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Industry should use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities that could be present in botanical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monice M Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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120
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Tosti A, Bergfeld WF, Christiano AM, Elston DM, Gavazzoni Dias MF, Goldberg L, Hordinsky MK, Seykora J, Ceh V. Response from the American Hair Research Society to “Sunscreen and frontal fibrosing alopecia: A review”. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:729-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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121
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Sardiña LA, Piliang M, Bergfeld WF. Diagnostic value of CD34 and calretinin immunostaining in the diagnosis of proliferating tricholemmal tumor and trichoblastoma. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:99-102. [PMID: 31012094 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating tricholemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare neoplasm of controversial biological behavior for which distinction from other more common tumors is essential. Similarly, trichoblastoma (TB) remains a debatable entity that may represent a variation of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Our goal is to correlate the staining pattern of calretinin and CD34 in these two follicular tumors vs. their major differential diagnoses, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) and BCC. METHOD Descriptive study of 68 cases: 6 PTT, 22 TB, 20 ISCC, and 20 BCC in a period of 15 years. The diagnosis was confirmed with H&E. The immunohistochemistry results were analyzed and scored positive (weak +, moderate ++, and strong +++) or negative. RESULTS Calretinin was expressed in 4/6 cases of PTT and negative in all TB. Only one malignant case of PTT was positive for CD34 (1/2) and negative in all TB cases. Calretinin and CD34 were negative for all ISCC and BCC. The intensities are shown in tables. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of these neoplasms is a morphologic diagnosis. However, in those cases where the morphologic aspect is difficult to interpret, calretinin may assist in the diagnosis of PTT, distinguishing the hair follicle tumors with an outer root sheath differentiation. Likewise, CD34 showed significant affinity for the malignant subset of PTT. Calretinin and CD34 did not add any value to the differentiation between TB and BCC. However, this might suggest that both are the same entity with a different morphological permutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sardiña
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melissa Piliang
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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122
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Ellis A, Billings SD, Khanna U, Warren CB, Piliang M, Vij A, Ko JS, Bergfeld WF, Fernandez AP. Diagnoses of hospitalized patients with skin abnormalities prompting biopsy by consulting dermatologists: A 3-year review from a tertiary care center. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 47:346-356. [PMID: 31845375 PMCID: PMC9291190 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Dermatologists play an important role in diagnosing and managing hospitalized patients with cutaneous abnormalities. Skin biopsies remain an indispensable tool for aiding dermatologists in accurate diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to determine the range of conditions, and the most common conditions, prompting skin biopsy by dermatology hospital consultation (HCON) services to aid in evaluation of hospitalized patients. Methods All hospitalized patients seen by a single tertiary care center dermatology HCON service between 2015 and 2018 who had associated skin biopsies were identified. Histologic features and clinical diagnoses of each patient were classified into 13 histologic reaction pattern categories. Results Eight hundred and thirty one inpatients evaluated by our dermatology HCON service had 914 skin biopsies. The most frequent diagnostic categories prompting biopsy were vasculopathic (17.6%), interface dermatitis (16.5%), infectious (12.6%), and spongiotic dermatitis (10.9%). The most frequent diagnostic categories included drug reaction (13.2%), leukocytoclastic vasculitis (8.5%), skin cancer (5.4%), graft‐vs‐host disease (3.5%), connective tissue disease (3.3%), and calciphylaxis (3.0%). Conclusion Our study suggests a variety of serious diseases affecting inpatients prompts biopsy by dermatology consultation services. Educational curricula for dermatology and pathology residents, fellows, and staff designed with these data may enhance knowledge that improves the quality of inpatient dermatology care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Ellis
- Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Steven D Billings
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Urmi Khanna
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Melissa Piliang
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alok Vij
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer S Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anthony P Fernandez
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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123
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Robinson VC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Final Report of the Amended Safety Assessment of Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Related Salts of Sulfated Ethoxylated Alcohols. Int J Toxicol 2019; 29:151S-61S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810373151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sodium laureth sulfate is a member of a group of salts of sulfated ethoxylated alcohols, the safety of which was evaluated by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel for use in cosmetics. Sodium and ammonium laureth sulfate have not evoked adverse responses in any toxicological testing. Sodium laureth sulfate was demonstrated to be a dermal and ocular irritant but not a sensitizer. The Expert Panel recognized that there are data gaps regarding use and concentration of these ingredients. However, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used and at what concentrations indicates a pattern of use. The potential to produce irritation exists with these salts of sulfated ethoxylated alcohols, but in practice they are not regularly seen to be irritating because of the formulations in which they are used. These ingredients should be used only when they can be formulated to be nonirritating.
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124
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Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Final Report of the Amended Safety Assessment of Myristic Acid and Its Salts and Esters as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 29:162S-86S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810374127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This report addresses the safety of the inorganic salts and esters of various fatty alcohols of myristic acid. Most of the esters are used as skin conditioning agents in many types of cosmetics in a range of concentrations. Myristate esters are readily hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols and acids, which are then further metabolized. Myristate salts readily dissociate in any likely cosmetic formulation. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Panel recognized that much of the data supporting the ingredients in this group were previously reviewed in safety assessments for related ingredients. Where specific data did not exist, the Panel considered structure—activity relationships in determining the safety of these ingredients as used in cosmetics. The Panel determined that myristic acid and its salts and esters are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the current practices of use and concentration.
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125
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Diamante C, Zondlo Fiume M, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Final Safety Assessment of Thiodipropionic Acid and Its Dialkyl Esters as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 29:137S-50S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810373150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), dicetyl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, and ditridecyl thiodipropionate are dialkyl esters of their respective alcohols and thiodipropionic acid (TDPA) used in cosmetics. Ingested DLTDP was excreted in the urine as TDPA. Single-dose acute oral and parenteral studies and subchronic and chronic repeated dose oral studies did not suggest significant toxicity. Neither DLTDP nor TDPA was irritating to animal skin or eyes and they were not sensitizers. TDPA was neither a teratogen nor a reproductive toxicant. Genotoxicity studies were negative for TDPA and DLTDP. Clinical testing demonstrated some evidence of irritation but no sensitization or photosensitization. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel considered that the data from DLTDP reasonably may be extrapolated to the other dialkyl esters and concluded that these ingredients were safe for use in cosmetic products that are formulated to be nonirritating.
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126
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Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Final Report of the Safety Assessment of Methylisothiazolinone. Int J Toxicol 2019; 29:187S-213S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581810374651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is a heterocyclic organic compound used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products in concentrations up to 0.01%. MIT is a colorless, clear liquid with a mild odor that is completely soluble in water; mostly soluble in acetonitrile, methanol, and hexane; and slightly soluble in xylene. Consistent with its solubility, dermal penetration is low. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel noted the in vitro evidence of neurotoxicity but concluded that the absence of any neurotoxicity findings in the many in vivo studies, including subchronic, chronic, and reproductive and developmental animal studies, suggests that MIT would not be neurotoxic as used in cosmetics. Although recognizing that MIT was a sensitizer in both animal and human studies, the panel concluded that there is a threshold dose response and that cosmetic products formulated to contain concentrations of MIT at 100 ppm (0.01%) or less would not be expected to pose a sensitization risk. Accordingly, MIT may be safely used as a preservative in cosmetics up to that concentration.
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127
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Sardiña LA, Kaw U, Jour G, Knabel D, Dyck RM, Procop GW, Bergfeld WF, Harrington S, Demkowicz R, Piliang MP. Diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscessus/chelonae complex cutaneous infection: Correlation of tissue culture and skin biopsy. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 47:321-327. [PMID: 31804711 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus and M. chelonae belong to the rapid-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) group, which are defined by their ability to form visible colonies on agar within 7 days of subculture. Cutaneous infections by this complex show a heterogeneous clinical presentation with varied histopathologic findings. However, the presence of vacuoles in many specimens has been reported as a specific histologic finding. Herein, we correlate the histopathology of patients with tissue-culture positive M. abscessus/M. chelonae complex in order to identify features that may prompt a rapid categorization of the infectious etiology. The cohort includes 33 skin punch biopsy specimens from 28 patients who had associated positive tissue cultures. The most frequent clinical presentation was a single or multiple nodule. Twenty-seven specimens (81.81%) were found to have vacuoles. The observation of certain histologic features (ie, polymorphonuclear microabscesses and epithelioid granuloma formation) should raise the possibility of infection by NTM. In addition to these findings, we believe the presence of vacuoles in the dermal and subcutaneous inflammation should raise suspicion for NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Sardiña
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Urvashi Kaw
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology, New York Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Knabel
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rayna M Dyck
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Skin Wellness Center Of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gary W Procop
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susan Harrington
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan Demkowicz
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Melissa P Piliang
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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128
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Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Avena sativa (Oat)-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:23S-47S. [PMID: 31840550 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819889904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a safety assessment of Avena sativa (oat)-derived ingredients. The reported functions of these ingredients in cosmetics include abrasives, antioxidant, skin conditioning agents, absorbents, and bulking agents. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may lead to sensitization or other toxic effects. The Panel stated that industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities and concluded that all but one of the Avena sativa (oat)-derived ingredients are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonsensitizing; data are insufficient to come to a conclusion of safety for Avena Sativa (Oat) Meristem Cell Extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian C Becker
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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129
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Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Camellia sinensis-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:48S-70S. [PMID: 31840549 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819889914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic ingredients derived from Camellia sinensis (tea) plant parts function as antioxidants and skin conditioning agents-humectant and miscellaneous. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed relevant animal and human data related to these ingredients. The use of the leaf ingredients in beverages results in much larger systemic exposures than those possible from cosmetic use. Accordingly, concern over the systemic toxicity potential of leaf-derived ingredients is mitigated. Because product formulations may contain multiple botanical ingredients, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may lead to sensitization or other toxic effects. The Panel concluded that the C sinensis leaf-derived ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonsensitizing. However, the available data are insufficient to determine whether the non-leaf-derived ingredients are safe for use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian C Becker
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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130
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Sorbitan Esters as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:60S-80S. [PMID: 31522651 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819871877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 20 sorbitan esters; this report included sorbitan esters that were reviewed in 1985 and 2002, as well as 3 previously unreviewed sorbitan esters (sorbitan undecylenate, sorbitan sesquicaprylate, and sorbitan palmate). Most of the sorbitan esters are reported to function in cosmetics as surfactant-emulsifying agents. The Panel reviewed the data from previous sorbitan ester reports, as well as additional data included in this report, to determine the safety of these ingredients. The Panel concluded that the sorbitan esters included in this safety assessment are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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131
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Alkyl Phosphates as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:12S-32S. [PMID: 31522649 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819856582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel assessed the safety of 28 alkyl phosphates and concluded that these ingredients are safe in the current practices of use and concentration when formulated to be nonirritating. The ingredients in the alkyl phosphate family share a common phosphate core structure, and vary by the identity of the alkyl chains attached therein. Most of the alkyl phosphates function as surfactants in cosmetic ingredients; however, the triesters function as plasticizers rather than surfactants. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, DC, USA
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Paul W Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, DC, USA
| | | | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, DC, USA
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132
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Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Final Amended Report on Safety Assessment on Aminomethyl Propanol and Aminomethyl Propanediol. Int J Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/10915818093509321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aminomethyl propanol and aminomethyl propanediol are substituted aliphatic alcohols that function as pH adjusters in cosmetic products at concentrations less than 10%; additionally, aminomethyl propanediol is a fragrance. Extensive oral toxicity data are reviewed, with fewer inhalation toxicity data. Dermal toxicity data are presented that demonstrate, for example, that a mascara with 1.92% aminomethyl propanediol does not cause dermal irritation or allergic contact sensitization, suggesting that the maximum reported use concentration of 2% in mascara would be safe. Although these ingredients are primary amines that are not substrates for N-nitrosation, they may contain secondary amines as impurities in finished products that may undergo N-nitrosation. These ingredients should not be included in cosmetic formulations containing N-nitrosating agents. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concludes that aminomethyl propanol and aminomethyl propanediol are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the practices of use and concentrations as described in this safety assessment.
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133
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Related Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:5S-38S. [PMID: 31170840 DOI: 10.1177/1091581818814189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 25 monosaccharides, disaccharides, and related ingredients and concluded these are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment. Many of these ingredients are common dietary sugars, dietary sugar replacements, or very closely related analogs and salts; 7 of the ingredients are listed by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe food substances. The most commonly reported cosmetic function is as a skin-conditioning agent; other commonly reported functions are use as a humectant or as a flavoring agent. The Panel reviewed the animal and clinical data included in this assessment, acknowledged that the oral safety of many of these ingredients has been well established, and found it appropriate to extrapolate the existing information to conclude on the safety of all the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and related ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- 1 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- 4 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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134
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Burnett CL, Boyer I, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Fatty Acid Amidopropyl Dimethylamines as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:39S-69S. [PMID: 31170841 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819836089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of fatty acid amidopropyl dimethylamines, which function primarily as antistatic agents in cosmetic products. The relevant animal and human data reviewed for these ingredients indicate that they are potential dermal sensitizers that may be due in part by the sensitizing impurity, 3,3-dimethylaminopropylamine. The Panel concluded that fatty acid amidopropyl dimethylamines were safe as cosmetic ingredients when they are formulated to be nonsensitizing, which may be based on a quantitative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Boyer
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- 4 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- 5 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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135
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Murad A, Bergfeld WF. Prostaglandin analogue for eyebrow loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia: a case report. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e403-e405. [PMID: 31119795 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Murad
- Department of Dermatology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W F Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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136
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Burnett CL, Boyer I, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Methylisothiazolinone as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:70S-84S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581819838792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of methylisothiazolinone (MI), which functions as a preservative. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment and in a previously published safety assessment of MI and concluded that MI is safe for use in rinse-off cosmetic products at concentrations up to 100 ppm and safe in leave-on cosmetic products when they are formulated to be nonsensitizing, which may be determined based on a quantitative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Burnett
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ivan Boyer
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Toxicologist, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V. Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D. Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C. Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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137
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Westgate GE, Bergfeld WF, Ceh V, Hordinsky M, Sinclair R, Piraccini BM, Kang H, Ohyama M. Thirty years (and more) of hair research societies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:652-653. [PMID: 31004731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Westgate
- International Federation of Hair Research Societies, Geneva, Illinois; European Hair Research Society, Dermatology, Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- International Federation of Hair Research Societies, Geneva, Illinois; American Hair Research Society, Geneva, Illinois
| | - Victoria Ceh
- International Federation of Hair Research Societies, Geneva, Illinois; American Hair Research Society, Geneva, Illinois.
| | | | - Rodney Sinclair
- Australasian Hair and Wool Research Society, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- European Hair Research Society, Dermatology, Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hoon Kang
- The Korean Hair Research Society, Seoul, Korea
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- The Society for Hair Science Research (Japan), Tokyo, Japan
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138
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Sardiña LA, Rubin B, Jour G, Piliang M, Elston C, Bergfeld WF. Differential expression of phospho-S6 in hair follicle tumors: Evidence of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activation. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:256-260. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Sardiña
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Brian Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
| | - George Jour
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology; New York Langone Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Melissa Piliang
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Carly Elston
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
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139
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of PEG-150 Pentaerythrityl Tetrastearate as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 37:5S-9S. [PMID: 30235960 DOI: 10.1177/1091581818794457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, which functions as a viscosity-increasing agent-aqueous in cosmetic products and is being used at concentrations up to 5%. Given the chemical structure (large molecule), skin penetration is not likely. The available toxicity data and the low ingredient use concentrations suggest that systemic toxicity would not be likely even if percutaneous absorption were to occur. Additionally, the negative human repeated insult patch test data on the undiluted ingredient were deemed sufficient for evaluating skin irritation and sensitization potential. The Panel concluded that PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- 1 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- 4 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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140
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 37:61S-94S. [PMID: 30235959 DOI: 10.1177/1091581818794455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 14 tocopherols and tocotrienols and concluded these ingredients are safe as used in cosmetics. The tocopherols are reported to function in cosmetics as antioxidants or skin-conditioning agents; in contrast, tocotrienols are not reported to function as an antioxidants in cosmetics but as a light stabilizer, oral care agent, or skin-conditioning agent. The Panel reviewed the new and existing animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients and found it appropriate to extrapolate the existing information to conclude on the safety of all the tocopherols and tocotrienols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M Fiume
- 1 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- 4 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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141
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Burnett CL, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Alkyl Betaines as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 37:28S-46S. [PMID: 29761731 DOI: 10.1177/1091581818773354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of 11 alkyl betaines as used in cosmetics. These ingredients are reported to function as hair and skin conditioning agents, antistatic agents, surfactants-cleansing agents, and viscosity-increasing agents in cosmetic products. Although there are data gaps, the shared chemical core structure, similar functions and concentrations of use in cosmetics, and the expected similarities in physicochemical properties enabled grouping these ingredients and reading across the available toxicological data to support the safety assessment of each individual compound in the entire group. The Panel concluded alkyl betaines were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration, when formulated to be nonirritating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Burnett
- 1 Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- 2 Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- 3 Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- 4 Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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142
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Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Tromethamine, Aminomethyl Propanediol, and Aminoethyl Propanediol as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 37:5S-18S. [PMID: 29761730 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817738242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of tromethamine, aminomethyl propanediol, and aminoethyl propanediolas used in cosmetics. All 3 ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as pH adjusters, and tromethamine and aminomethyl propanediol are also reported to function as fragrance ingredients. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to these ingredients, along with a previous safety assessment of aminomethyl propanediol. The Panel concluded that tromethamine, aminomethyl propanediol, and aminoethyl propanediol are safe in cosmetics in the practices of use and concentration as given in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian C Becker
- 1 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- 2 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J Gill
- 3 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- 4 Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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143
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Burnett C, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein and Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2019; 37:55S-66S. [PMID: 29761728 DOI: 10.1177/1091581818776013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the product use, formulation, and safety data on hydrolyzed wheat protein and hydrolyzed wheat gluten, which function as skin- and hair-conditioning agents. The Panel determined that data from clinical and laboratory studies were sufficient to demonstrate that these ingredients will not elicit type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized individuals and will not induce sensitization when the polypeptide lengths of the hydrolysates do not exceed 30 amino acids. The Panel concluded that hydrolyzed wheat gluten and hydrolyzed wheat protein are safe for use in cosmetics when formulated to restrict peptides to an average molecular weight of 3,500 Da or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Burnett
- 1 Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V Belsito
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A Hill
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G Marks
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C Shank
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W Snyder
- 2 Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F Alan Andersen
- 3 Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- 4 Executive Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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144
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cheryl B Bayart
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sara Hogan
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Melissa Piliang
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wilma F Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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145
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Barium Sulfate as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581818799346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of barium sulfate, which functions as an opacifying agent in cosmetic products and is being used at concentrations up to 0.99% and 37% in rinse-off and leave-on products, respectively. The Panel noted that the history of safe medical use of barium sulfate indicates no significant toxicity concerns relating to systemic exposure to this ingredient. Furthermore, the extensive clinical experience of the Panel, including the results of numerous patch tests, indicates that barium salts do not have the potential to induce sensitization. The Panel noted that since salts of sulfuric acid can be irritating to the skin, cosmetic products containing barium sulfate should be formulated to be nonirritating. The Panel concluded that barium sulfate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when formulated to be nonirritating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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146
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Pentaerythrityl Tetra-Di-t-Butyl Hydroxyhydrocinnamate as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581818803326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pentaerythrityl tetra-di -t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate functions as an antioxidant in cosmetic products and is used at concentrations up to 0.8%. Given the high molecular weight of this ingredient, skin penetration is not likely. The available toxicity data, together with the low ingredient use concentrations, suggest that systemic toxicity would not be likely if percutaneous absorption were to occur. Additionally, the negative human repeated insult patch test data at a concentration of 0.5% were deemed sufficient for evaluating the skin irritation and sensitization potential of pentaerythrityl tetra-di -t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate over the range of use concentrations in cosmetic products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that pentaerythrityl tetra-di -t-butyl hydroxyhydrocinnamate is safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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147
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Fiume MM, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581818800020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) assessed the safety of 10 Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)-derived ingredients and concluded these ingredients are safe as used in cosmetics when formulated to be nonsensitizing. The R officinalis-derived ingredients are most frequently reported to function in cosmetics as skin conditioning agents or as fragrance ingredients. The Panel reviewed the available animal and clinical data to determine the safety of these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities that could be present in botanical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M. Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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148
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Safety Assessment of Tripeptide-1, Hexapeptide-12, Their Metal Salts and Fatty Acyl Derivatives, and Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581818807863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tripeptide-1, Hexapeptide-12, their metal salts and fatty acyl derivatives, and Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 function primarily as skin conditioning agents, and Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12, Tripeptide-1, Copper Tripeptide-1, and Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 are also used in cosmetic products. Typical use concentrations of these ingredients are <10 ppm. The Panel noted that the low use concentrations and negative safety test data reviewed obviate any concerns relating to the safety of these ingredients in cosmetic products. Thus, the Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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149
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Johnson W, Boyer I, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Gill LJ, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Chamomilla recutita-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581818801814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients in this assessment are reported to function mostly as fragrance ingredients and skin conditioning agents in cosmetic products. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. Additionally, industry should continue to use good manufacturing practices to limit impurities that could be present in botanical ingredients. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that the Chamomilla recutita-derived ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in the safety assessment when formulated to be nonsensitizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ivan Boyer
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lillian J. Gill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Director, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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150
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Sardiña LA, Jour G, Piliang MP, Bergfeld WF. Erythema elevatum diutinum a rare and poorly understood cutaneous vasculitis: A single institution experience. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 46:97-101. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Sardiña
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology; New Yok Langone Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Melissa P. Piliang
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
- Department of Dermatology; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio
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