101
|
Reshetnyak VI, Reshetnyak TM. Significance of dormant forms of Helicobacter pylori in ulcerogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4867-4878. [PMID: 28785141 PMCID: PMC5526757 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of the global population are carriers of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a Gram-negative bacterium that persists in the healthy human stomach. H. pylori can be a pathogen and causes development of peptic ulcer disease in a certain state of the macroorganism. It is well established that H. pylori infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Decontamination of the gastric mucosa with various antibiotics leads to H. pylori elimination and longer remission in this disease. However, the reasons for repeated detection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD after its successful eradication remain unclear. The reason for the redetection of H. pylori in recurrent PUD can be either reinfection or ineffective anti-Helicobacter therapy. The administration of antibacterial drugs can lead not only to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms, but also contribute to the conversion of H. pylori into the resting (dormant) state. The dormant forms of H. pylori have been shown to play a potential role in the development of relapses of PUD. The paper discusses morphological H. pylori forms, such as S-shaped, C-shaped, U-shaped, and coccoid ones. The authors proposes the classification of H. pylori according to its morphological forms and viability.
Collapse
|
102
|
Wang D, Li Q, Gong Y, Yuan Y. The association between vacA or cagA status and eradication outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177455. [PMID: 28493953 PMCID: PMC5426689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background H. pylori virulence factors, especially vacA and cagA are important in gastroduodenal disease pathogenesis and affect cure rates. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association between vacA or cagA status and eradication outcome of H. pylori infection. Methods A literature search was performed using electronic databases to identify studies. Twenty-six prospective studies were determined eligible. Meta-analytical techniques were conducted to calculate eradication rates and pooled relative ratios (RR). Results The eradication rate was greater approximately 10% in vacA s1 compared with vacA s2 infected patients, and the pooled RR was 1.164 (95%CI: 1.040–1.303, P = 0.008). A significant association existed between vacA s1 and higher eradication rates in Europe (RR: 1.203, 95%CI: 1.003–1.442, P = 0.046) and Asia (RR: 1.187, 95%CI: 1.028–1.371, P = 0.020), in triple therapy patients (RR: 1.175, 95%CI: 1.012–1.365, P = 0.035). Eradication rates were similar for vacA m1 and m2 genotypes (RR: 0.981, 95%CI: 0.891–1.080, P = 0.690), whereas they were higher by approximately 8% in cagA-positive compared with cagA-negative infected patients, with a pooled RR of 1.094 (95%CI: 1.025–1.168, P = 0.007). A significant association existed between cagA-positive and increased eradication rates in Europe (RR: 1.138, 95%CI: 1.000–1.295, P = 0.049) and Asia (RR: 1.118, 95%CI: 1.051–1.190, P<0.001), in using PCR (RR: 1.232, 95%CI: 1.142–1.329, P<0.001) and protein chips (RR: 1.200, 95%CI: 1.060–1.359, P = 0.004), in triple therapy patients (RR: 1.090, 95%CI: 1.006–1.181, P = 0.034). Conclusions Evidence indicates that infection with vacA s1, cagA-positive strains, but not vacA s2, cagA-negative, is more conducive to H. pylori eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (GY); (YY)
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (GY); (YY)
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Ma J, Wu D, Hu X, Li J, Cao M, Dong W. Associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection and Helicobacter pylori related gastric cancer, peptic ulcer disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176463. [PMID: 28453551 PMCID: PMC5409176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to clarify the associations between IL-1B31C/T, IL-1B-511C/T, IL-8-251T/A gene polymorphisms and the risk of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection together with H. pylori-related gastric cancer (GC), peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Methods All eligible literature published up to July 2016 were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. Results 29 case-control studies were eligible, and each of them may focus on more than one gene polymorphism. Ultimately, there were 21 studies (3159 cases and 2816 controls) for IL-1B-31C/T, 16 studies (2486 cases and 1989 controls) for IL-1B-511C/T polymorphisms, 9 studies (1963 cases and 1205 controls) for IL-8-251T/A polymorphisms. Overall, an increased risk of H. pylori infection was found for IL-1B-31C/T polymorphisms in total population [OR = 1.134, 95%CI = 1.008–1.275 for recessive model; OR = 1.145, 95%CI = 1.007–1.301 for TT vs CC model]. While, for IL-1B-511C/T and IL8-251T/A polymorphisms, no evidence indicated that they were associated with the risk of H. pylori infection in all genetic models. Furthermore, we found an increased risk of H. pylori-related GC with IL-1B-511C/T polymorphisms [OR = 1.784, 95%CI = 1.289–2.469 for recessive model; OR = 1.772, 95%CI = 1.210–2.594 for TT vs CC model] and IL8-251A/T polymorphisms [OR = 1.810, 95%CI = 1.229–2.667 for recessive model; OR = 1.717, 95%CI = 1.143–2.580 for TT vs AA model], an increased risk of H. pylori-related PUD with IL8-251T/A polymorphisms [OR = 1.364, 95%CI = 1.010–1.843 for recessive model; OR = 1.427, 95%CI = 1.039–1.959 for AA vs TT model]. Conclusions IL-1B-31C/T gene polymorphisms might increase H. pylori infection risk. IL-1B-511-C/T and IL-8-251T/A gene polymorphisms might act as a risk factor to H. pylori-related diseases including GC or PUD
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mingwei Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Kim SH, Kim JW, Byun J, Jeong JB, Kim BG, Lee KL. Plasma ghrelin level and plasma ghrelin/obestatin ratio are related to intestinal metaplasia in elderly patients with functional dyspepsia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175231. [PMID: 28419119 PMCID: PMC5395142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether plasma ghrelin/obestatin levels are associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, subtypes of functional dyspepsia (FD), and gastric mucosal histology has not yet been established in elderly patients. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels are related to gastric mucosal histology, H. pylori infection, and FD subtypes in elderly patients with FD. Methods Ninety-two patients diagnosed with FD and older than 60 years (median age 69.4; range 60–88) were included. Clinical symptoms investigated included postprandial fullness, epigastric pain, epigastric soreness, nausea, and vomiting. According to the Rome III criteria, patients diagnosed with FD were divided into two subtypes: epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). Plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay, and histological examination of gastric mucosa was performed. H. pylori infection was determined by histopathological examination of gastric mucosal biopsy and/or Campylobacter-like organism test. Results In our study, plasma ghrelin levels and plasma ghrelin/obestatin (G/O) ratio were significantly lower in subjects with intestinal metaplasia compared with those without intestinal metaplasia (ghrelin, p = 0.010; G/O ratio, p = 0.012). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels between H. pylori–positive and H. pylori–negative groups. (ghrelin, p = 0.130; obestatin, p = 0.888). Similarly, no significant differences were detected between the EPS and PDS groups (ghrelin, p = 0.238; obestatin, p = 0.710). Conclusions Patients with intestinal metaplasia, a known precursor of gastric cancer, had significantly less plasma ghrelin levels and G/O ratio than those without intestinal metaplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Junsu Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Bong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Masuda S, Masuda H, Shimamura Y, Sugiyama C, Takabayashi F. Improvement Effects of Wasabi (Wasabiajaponica) Leaves and Allyl Isothiocyanate on Stomach Lesions of Mongolian Gerbils Infected with Helicobacter pylori. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:595-598. [PMID: 30520603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer associated with stomach lesions has been reported. Improvement of the adverse effects induced by H. pylori is required for human health. It has been reported that wasabi (Wasabiajaponica Matsum) leaves have various effects on bacteria and mammals. In this study, the effect was examined of wasabi leaf extract and allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), which is a main functional component of wasabi, on stomach lesions in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori. After the gerbils infected with H. pylori were orally administrated with wasabi leaf extract and AIT for two weeks, colony forming units (CFU) of H. pylori, the degree of gastric mucosal erosion, and petechial hemorrhage in the stomachs of the gerbils were evaluated. Wasabi leaf extract and AIT exhibited a decreasing tendency of CFU in the stomachs. The degree of gastric mucosal erosion and petechial hemorrhage were significantly decreased by the intake of wasabi leaf extract and AIT. Wasabi leaf extract and AIT did not affect body weight, dietary intake, water intake, and the pH of the stomach. From these results, wasabi leaves and AIT may provide a natural remedy for stomach lesions induced by H. pylori.
Collapse
|
106
|
Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Polyamine- and NADPH-dependent generation of ROS during Helicobacter pylori infection: A blessing in disguise. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:16-27. [PMID: 27682363 PMCID: PMC5366100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that specifically colonizes the gastric ecological niche. During the infectious process, which results in diseases ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer, the host response is characterized by the activation of the innate immunity of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages. These cells thus produce effector molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to counteract the infection. The generation of ROS in response to H. pylori involves two canonical pathways: 1) the NADPH-dependent reduction of molecular oxygen to generate O2•-, which can dismute to generate ROS; and 2) the back-conversion of the polyamine spermine into spermidine through the enzyme spermine oxidase, leading to H2O2 production. Although these products have the potential to affect the survival of bacteria, H. pylori has acquired numerous strategies to counteract their deleterious effects. Nonetheless, ROS-mediated oxidative DNA damage and mutations may participate in the adaptation of H. pylori to its ecological niche. Lastly, ROS have been shown to play a major role in the development of the inflammation and carcinogenesis. It is the purpose of this review to summarize the literature about the production of ROS during H. pylori infection and their role in this infectious gastric disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Gościniak G, Biernat MM, Bińkowska A, Kus A, Iwańczak B. Frequency of infection with Helicobacter pylori isolates of different antimicrobial profiles in children and adolescents: A preliminary study. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2017; 26:263-268. [PMID: 28791844 DOI: 10.17219/acem/67716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can occur as a mixed infection caused by several strains of H. pylori. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of colonization of the gastric mucosa by strains of H. pylori with different susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out on gastric biopsies taken from 54 previously untreated Polish children and adolescents. Of the 15 positive cultures, from each primary medium, 6 single H. pylori colonies were isolated, making a total of 90 isolates, and the susceptibility to metronidazole (MZ), amoxicillin (AC) and clarithromycin (CH) was determined by E-test method. The presence of the cagA gene and vacA alleles (s1, s2, m1, m2) was determined by PCR. RESULTS Positive culture for H. pylori was noted in 15/54 (27.7%) of patients. All H. pylori isolates were susceptible to AC, 27.8% were resistant to MZ and 38.9% to CH. The results showed 7/15 (46.7%) of children were infected with H. pylori strains with antibiotic heteroresistance, resistant to CH (5/15, 33.3%) and to MZ (2/15, 13.3%). The cagA + vacA s1/m2 combination was predominant genotype among detected H. pylori strains. The isolates possessing different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in the same patient were identified. CONCLUSIONS Microbiological analyses confirmed the presence of isolates possessing different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in 47% of examined children with H. pylori infection. Different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of H. pylori isolates detected in the same patient may influence the success of eradication therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Kus
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Barbara Iwańczak
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Zawilak-Pawlik A, Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J. Recent Advances in Helicobacter pylori Replication: Possible Implications in Adaptation to a Pathogenic Lifestyle and Perspectives for Drug Design. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 400:73-103. [PMID: 28124150 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA replication is an important step in the life cycle of every cell that ensures the continuous flow of genetic information from one generation to the next. In all organisms, chromosome replication must be coordinated with overall cell growth. Helicobacter pylori growth strongly depends on its interaction with the host, particularly with the gastric epithelium. Moreover, H. pylori actively searches for an optimal microniche within a stomach, and it has been shown that not every microniche equally supports growth of this bacterium. We postulate that besides nutrients, H. pylori senses different, unknown signals, which presumably also affect chromosome replication to maintain H. pylori propagation at optimal ratio allowing H. pylori to establish a chronic, lifelong infection. Thus, H. pylori chromosome replication and particularly the regulation of this process might be considered important for bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of chromosome and plasmid replication in H. pylori and discuss the mechanisms responsible for regulating this key cellular process. The results of extensive studies conducted thus far allow us to propose common and unique traits in H. pylori chromosome replication. Interestingly, the repertoire of proteins involved in replication in H. pylori is significantly different to that in E. coli, strongly suggesting that novel factors are engaged in H. pylori chromosome replication and could represent attractive drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawilak-Pawlik
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Plavnik RG, Rapoport SI, Plavnik KR, Elman AR, Nevmerzhickij VI. ["HELICARB" - the first Russian breath test kit with 99 % C-urea for Helicobacter pylori: from idea to registration]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2017; 95:78-84. [PMID: 30299071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop and introduce in medical practice the first Russian kit for the C-urea breath test of Helicobacter pylori. The newly created kit was given the commercial name «HELICARB» and successfully passed technical, toxicological, clinical, and laboratory testing. The optimal dose of 13C-urea was determined and various devices needed to perform the test were compared. The results were approved by the Federal Service for Supervision in the health sector Roszdravnadzor) that issued the Registration certificate № RZN 2016/3773 (order № 1641 of 02.29.2016), which gives the right to manufacture and use the «HELICARB» test kit at the territory of the Russian Federation.
Collapse
|
110
|
Tomasello G, Giordano F, Mazzola M, Jurjus R, Jurjus A, Damiani P, Nobile S, Carini F, Leone A. Helicobacter pylori and Barretts esophagus: a protective factor or a real cause? J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:9-15. [PMID: 28337865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the definite aetiopathogenetic path of certain diseases, the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Barretts esophagus (BE), a condition that increases the risk for dysplasia and consequently adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction, remains uncertain. This paper reviews the current scientific literature with emphasis on the protective correlation between H. pylori infection and BE and demonstrates that a causal relationship has not been disproved with certainty. Furthermore, H. pylori infection could pose a risk for the onset of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which could in turn trigger BE, a precancerous lesion, and subsequently cause cancer. By analyzing the current available data, this article tries to verify that H. pylori infection is the underlying cause of esophageal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tomasello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Italy and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Student, School of Medicine and Surgery,Hypatia Course, Palermo University
| | - M Mazzola
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Italy and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - R Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - A Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - P Damiani
- Hospital University P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Nobile
- Student, School of Medicine and Surgery, Chirone Course, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - F Carini
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Italy and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - A Leone
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Histology, (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Azzi L, Carinci F, Gabaglio S, Cura F, Croveri F, Tettamanti L, Tagliabue A, Segato S. Helicobacter pylori in periodontal pockets and saliva: a possible role in gastric infection relapses. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:257-262. [PMID: 28337902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been a long time since the scientific community started to speculate upon the presence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in periodontal pockets as an extra-gastric reservoir responsible for gastric relapses after eradication therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of oral HP in a group of patients who underwent examination for gastric infection. Sixty patients were enrolled in the current study, subdivided into two groups: 30 patients with a positive result for HP gastric infection with C-Breath Test Urea examination, and 30 patients with a negative result for HP gastric infection. Crevicular fluid and salivary samples were collected in a sterile tube and then sent to the laboratory for evaluation. Specimens were processed to quantify the levels of HP and bacterial load by real time PCR technique. Even though there was no statistically significant difference among the two groups (A vs B) with regard to the total amount of HP in saliva or in periodontal tissues, this study demonstrates that the oral cavity is an extra-gastric reservoir of HP when it is affected by periodontal disease, and that periodontal disease is correlated to gastric HP infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Azzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Dental Clinic, Unit of Oral Pathology, Varese, Italy
| | - F Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Gabaglio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Dental Clinic, Unit of Oral Pathology, Varese, Italy
| | - F Cura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Croveri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Dental Clinic, Unit of Oral Pathology, Varese, Italy
| | - L Tettamanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Dental Clinic, Unit of Oral Pathology, Varese, Italy
| | - A Tagliabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Dental Clinic, Unit of Oral Pathology, Varese, Italy
| | - S Segato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Unit of Gastroenterology
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
HATAKEYAMA M. Structure and function of Helicobacter pylori CagA, the first-identified bacterial protein involved in human cancer. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2017; 93:196-219. [PMID: 28413197 PMCID: PMC5489429 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor of gastric cancer. The cagA gene-encoded CagA protein is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, where it undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs. Delivered CagA then acts as a non-physiological scaffold/hub protein by interacting with multiple host signaling molecules, most notably the pro-oncogenic phosphatase SHP2 and the polarity-regulating kinase PAR1/MARK, in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. CagA-mediated manipulation of intracellular signaling promotes neoplastic transformation of gastric epithelial cells. Transgenic expression of CagA in experimental animals has confirmed the oncogenic potential of the bacterial protein. Structural polymorphism of CagA influences its scaffold function, which may underlie the geographic difference in the incidence of gastric cancer. Since CagA is no longer required for the maintenance of established gastric cancer cells, studying the role of CagA during neoplastic transformation will provide an excellent opportunity to understand molecular processes underlying "Hit-and-Run" carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori HATAKEYAMA
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: M. Hatakeyama, Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Perez-Perez G. Role of dupA in virulence of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10118-10123. [PMID: 28028359 PMCID: PMC5155170 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i46.10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gastric human pathogen associated with acute and chronic gastritis, 70% of all gastric ulcers, 85% of all duodenal ulcers, and both forms of stomach cancer, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Recently, attention has focused on possible relationship between presence of certain virulence factor and H. pylori-associated diseases. Some contradictory data between this bacterium and related disorders has been observed since not all the colonized individuals develop to severe disease. The reported diseases plausibility related to H. pylori specific virulence factors became an interesting story about this organism. Although a number of putative virulence factors have been identified including cytotoxin-associated gene a (cagA) and vacA, there are conflicting data about their actual participation as specific risk factor for H. pylori-related diseases. Duodenal ulcer promoting gene a (dupA) is a virulence factor of H. pylori that is highly associated with duodenal ulcer development and reduced risk of gastric cancer. The prevalence of dupA in H. pylori strains isolated from western countries is relatively higher than in H. pylori strains from Asian countries. Current confusing epidemiological reports will continue unless future sophisticated and molecular studies provide data on functional and complete dupA cluster in H. pylori infected individuals. This paper elucidates available knowledge concerning role of dupA in virulence of H. pylori after a decade of its discovery.
Collapse
|
114
|
Wong EHJ, Ng CG, Chua EG, Tay ACY, Peters F, Marshall BJ, Ho B, Goh KL, Vadivelu J, Loke MF. Comparative Genomics Revealed Multiple Helicobacter pylori Genes Associated with Biofilm Formation In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166835. [PMID: 27870886 PMCID: PMC5117725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori may be one of the factors influencing eradication outcome. However, genetic differences between good and poor biofilm forming strains have not been studied. Materials and Methods Biofilm yield of 32 Helicobacter pylori strains (standard strain and 31 clinical strains) were determined by crystal-violet assay and grouped into poor, moderate and good biofilm forming groups. Whole genome sequencing of these 32 clinical strains was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Annotation and comparison of the differences between the genomic sequences were carried out using RAST (Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology) and SEED viewer. Genes identified were confirmed using PCR. Results Genes identified to be associated with biofilm formation in H. pylori includes alpha (1,3)-fucosyltransferase, flagellar protein, 3 hypothetical proteins, outer membrane protein and a cag pathogenicity island protein. These genes play a role in bacterial motility, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, Lewis antigen synthesis, adhesion and/or the type-IV secretion system (T4SS). Deletion of cagA and cagPAI confirmed that CagA and T4SS were involved in H. pylori biofilm formation. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that biofilm formation in H. pylori might be genetically determined and might be influenced by multiple genes. Good, moderate and poor biofilm forming strain might differ during the initiation of biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hong Jian Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chow Goon Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alfred Chin Yen Tay
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Fanny Peters
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- The Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M502), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- UM Marshall Centre, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khean Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mun Fai Loke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Constantino MA, Jabbarzadeh M, Fu HC, Bansil R. Helical and rod-shaped bacteria swim in helical trajectories with little additional propulsion from helical shape. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1601661. [PMID: 28138539 PMCID: PMC5262464 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It has frequently been hypothesized that the helical body shapes of flagellated bacteria may yield some advantage in swimming ability. In particular, the helical-shaped pathogen Helicobacter pylori is often claimed to swim like a corkscrew through its harsh gastric habitat, but there has been no direct confirmation or quantification of such claims. Using fast time-resolution and high-magnification two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast microscopy to simultaneously image and track individual bacteria in bacterial broth as well as mucin solutions, we show that both helical and rod-shaped H. pylori rotated as they swam, producing a helical trajectory. Cell shape analysis enabled us to determine shape as well as the rotational and translational speed for both forward and reverse motions, thereby inferring flagellar kinematics. Using the method of regularized Stokeslets, we directly compare observed speeds and trajectories to numerical calculations for both helical and rod-shaped bacteria in mucin and broth to validate the numerical model. Although experimental observations are limited to select cases, the model allows quantification of the effects of body helicity, length, and diameter. We find that due to relatively slow body rotation rates, the helical shape makes at most a 15% contribution to propulsive thrust. The effect of body shape on swimming speeds is instead dominated by variations in translational drag required to move the cell body. Because helical cells are one of the strongest candidates for propulsion arising from the cell body, our results imply that quite generally, swimming speeds of flagellated bacteria can only be increased a little by body propulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Henry C. Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.C.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Rama Bansil
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.C.F.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Servetas SL, Carpenter BM, Haley KP, Gilbreath JJ, Gaddy JA, Merrell DS. Characterization of Key Helicobacter pylori Regulators Identifies a Role for ArsRS in Biofilm Formation. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:2536-48. [PMID: 27432830 PMCID: PMC4999924 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00324-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Helicobacter pylori must be able to rapidly respond to fluctuating conditions within the stomach. Despite this need for constant adaptation, H. pylori encodes few regulatory proteins. Of the identified regulators, the ferric uptake regulator (Fur), the nickel response regulator (NikR), and the two-component acid response system (ArsRS) are each paramount to the success of this pathogen. While numerous studies have individually examined these regulatory proteins, little is known about their combined effect. Therefore, we constructed a series of isogenic mutant strains that contained all possible single, double, and triple regulatory mutations in Fur, NikR, and ArsS. A growth curve analysis revealed minor variation in growth kinetics across the strains; these were most pronounced in the triple mutant and in strains lacking ArsS. Visual analysis showed that strains lacking ArsS formed large aggregates and a biofilm-like matrix at the air-liquid interface. Biofilm quantification using crystal violet assays and visualization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that all strains lacking ArsS or containing a nonphosphorylatable form of ArsR (ArsR-D52N mutant) formed significantly more biofilm than the wild-type strain. Molecular characterization of biofilm formation showed that strains containing mutations in the ArsRS pathway displayed increased levels of cell aggregation and adherence, both of which are key to biofilm development. Furthermore, SEM analysis revealed prevalent coccoid cells and extracellular matrix formation in the ArsR-D52N, ΔnikR ΔarsS, and Δfur ΔnikR ΔarsS mutant strains, suggesting that these strains may have an exacerbated stress response that further contributes to biofilm formation. Thus, H. pylori ArsRS has a previously unrecognized role in biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Despite a paucity of regulatory proteins, adaptation is key to the survival of H. pylori within the stomach. While prior studies have focused on individual regulatory proteins, such as Fur, NikR, and ArsRS, few studies have examined the combined effect of these factors. Analysis of isogenic mutant strains that contained all possible single, double, and triple regulatory mutations in Fur, NikR, and ArsS revealed a previously unrecognized role for the acid-responsive two-component system ArsRS in biofilm formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Servetas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth M Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn P Haley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy J Gilbreath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Tennessee Valley Health Care Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - D Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Abstract
The development of high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies is changing the face of microbiology, facilitating the comparison of large numbers of genomes from different lineages of a same organism. Our aim was to review the main advances on Helicobacter pylori "omics" and to understand how this is improving our knowledge of the biology, diversity and pathogenesis of H. pylori. Since the first H. pylori isolate was sequenced in 1997, 510 genomes have been deposited in the NCBI archive, providing a basis for improved understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of this important pathogen. This review focuses on works published between April 2015 and March 2016. Helicobacter "omics" is already making an impact and is a growing research field. Ultimately these advances will be translated into a routine clinical laboratory setting in order to improve public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Berthenet
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sam Sheppard
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Chen PY, Wu MS, Chen CY, Bair MJ, Chou CK, Lin JT, Liou JM. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of levofloxacin triple therapy as the first- or second-line treatments of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:427-37. [PMID: 27363687 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levofloxacin triple therapy has been used for the first-line and second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection for more than 10 years. AIMS To systematically review the efficacy of levofloxacin triple therapy in the first- and second-line treatment, and to assess the time trend and factors that might affect its efficacy. METHODS Prospective trials reporting the efficacy of levofloxacin triple therapy in either the first-line or second-line treatment of H. pylori infection in adults were searched from the PubMed and Cochrane database from January 2000 to September 2015. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate the cumulative eradication rate and the efficacies in subgroups. RESULTS Of the 322 articles identified, a total of 4574 patients from 41 trials, including 16 trials in the first-line treatment and 25 trials in the second-line treatment were eligible for analysis. The cumulative eradication rate was 77.3% (95% confidence intervals, CI: 74.7-79.6) and was 80.7% (95% CI 77.1-83.7) in the first-line treatment and 74.5% (95% CI: 70.9-77.8) in the second-line treatment. The efficacies of levofloxacin triple therapy before 2008, between 2009 and 2011, and after 2012 were 77.4%, 79.6% and 74.8% respectively. The eradication rate was higher when levofloxacin was given once daily (80.6%, 95% CI: 77.1-83.7) than twice daily (73.6%, 95% CI: 69.7-77.2). The efficacy was significantly higher in levofloxacin-susceptible strains than resistant strains (81.1% vs. 36.3%, risk ratio 2.18, 95% CI: 1.6-3, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The efficacy of levofloxacin triple therapy has been lower than 80% in many countries and it is not recommended when the levofloxacin resistance is higher than 5-10%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P-Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medication Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - M-S Wu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medication Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - M-J Bair
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C-K Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medication Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - J-T Lin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Big Data Research Centre, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - J-M Liou
- Departments of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Júnior MF, Batista SDA, Barbuto RC, Gomes AD, Queiroz DMM, Araújo ID, Caliari MV. CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strain containing three EPIYA C phosphorylation sites produces increase of G cell and decrease of D cell in experimentally infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:231-236. [PMID: 26946164 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human infection by Helicobacter pylori is associated with an increase in the number of gastrin-producing G cells and a concomitant decrease of somatostatin-producing D cells. However, to our knowledge, changes in G and D cell numbers in response to infection with H. pylori CagA-positive strains containing different number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites have not been analyzed to date. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis of the number of G and D cells in Mongolian gerbils challenged with H. pylori strains with different numbers of EPIYA-C motifs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mongolian gerbils were inoculated with isogenic H. pylori strains containing one to three phosphorylation sites. Mucosal fragments were evaluated by morphometry and immunohistochemistry using primary polyclonal rabbit anti-gastrin and anti-somatostatin antibodies. Positive cells were counted using an image analyzer. RESULTS Forty-five days after infection, there was a decrease in the number of D cells and an increase in the G/D cell ratio in the group with three EPIYA-C. Six months after infection, there was a progressive and significant increase in the number of G cells and in the G/D cell ratio, with a concomitant decrease in the number of D cells, especially in the three EPIYA-C group. CONCLUSIONS CagA-positive H. pylori strains containing a large number of EPIYA-C phosphorylation sites induce a decrease in D cell number and an increase in G cell number and G/D ratio, which were correlated with the number of inflammatory cells of the lamina propria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moacir Ferreira Júnior
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Assis Batista
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calvão Barbuto
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Dias Gomes
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dulciene Maria Magalhães Queiroz
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivana Duval Araújo
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal Caliari
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Zhang Y, Wang H, Bi C, Xiao Y, Liu Z. Expression of CDX2 in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and its correlation with H. pylori and cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:54973-54982. [PMID: 27384681 PMCID: PMC5342395 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cardia cancer (GCC) is located in the distal stomach, and strongly correlates with atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection. Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is homeobox gene encoding an intestine-specific transcription factor usually expressed in the intestinal epithelium cells. However, in several recent published papers, CDX2 was found to be aberrantly expressed in gastric, thyroid and ovarian cancer. RESULTS Higher expression of CDX2 was found in GCC tissues in comparison with non-malignant cardia mucosa (p<0.05). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that CDX2 expression correlated with lymphatic metastasis. In addition, we found that CDX2 expression progressively increased with the level of H. pylori infection (p<0.05), and also correlated with cell proliferation, based on Ki67 staining. METHODS To investigate the relationship between CDX2, cell proliferation and H. pylori infection, we detected CDX2, Ki62 and H.pylori expression in 83 non-malignant gastric cardia mucosacases and 60 GCC specimens in the Chaoshan area, a high-risk region for esophageal and gastric cardia cancer. CONCLUSION These findings provide pathological evidence that H. pylori infectionis a driving force of gastric cardia carcinogenesis by upregulating CDX2 and inducing inflammation. These results provide new pathological evidence that H. pylori infection induces GCC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinping Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaoyong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Bai X, Xi C, Wu J. Survival of Helicobacter pylori in the wastewater treatment process and the receiving river in Michigan, USA. J Water Health 2016; 14:692-698. [PMID: 27441864 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated water may play a key role in the transmission of Helicobacter pylori, resulting in gastrointestinal diseases in humans. The wastewater treatment process is an important barrier to control the transmission of H. pylori. However, the presence and viability of H. pylori in the treatment process is not well known. In this paper, the real colony morphology of H. pylori was confirmed by two types of culture media. The survival of H. pylori through the tertiary wastewater treatment process, especially UV disinfection, and in the receiving Huron River in Ann Arbor, Michigan, was investigated by plates cultivation, regular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and quantitative real-time PCR from DNA. The results demonstrated that H. pylori was not only present, but also viable in all processed wastewater samples in the Ann Arbor wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). H. pylori can be found in a higher concentration in the receiving Huron River. There are many kinds of antibiotic- and UV-resistant bacteria, including H. pylori, in the final effluent of Ann Arbor WWTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
| | - Chuanwu Xi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Park JY, Dunbar KB, Mitui M, Arnold CA, Lam-Himlin DM, Valasek MA, Thung I, Okwara C, Coss E, Cryer B, Doern CD. Helicobacter pylori Clarithromycin Resistance and Treatment Failure Are Common in the USA. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2373-2380. [PMID: 26923948 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance leads to frequent treatment failure. However, the current US prevalence of H. pylori clarithromycin resistance and treatment failure is unknown. AIMS To determine the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori and its impact on treatment failure in the USA. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study for clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori was conducted over four academic medical centers in different geographic regions of the USA. Gastric biopsy material, residual from standard clinical pathologic examination, was examined for clarithromycin resistance by DNA sequencing of H. pylori 23S rRNA. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-four cases of H. pylori gastritis were examined from medical centers in four different geographic regions of the USA. The overall prevalence of clarithromycin resistance was 32.3 % (range 23.1-45.8 %). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance by study site, gender, age, or race/ethnicity. In a subset of 67 patients that had clinical follow-up data, the overall prevalence of clarithromycin resistance was 31.3 %. There was a 2.9-fold increase (p = 0.002) in treatment failure for cases with clarithromycin resistance (57.1 %) compared to wildtype H. pylori (19.6 %). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori clarithromycin resistance in the USA exceeds the estimated 20 % prevalence compatible with successful empiric antibiotic therapy. This resistance resulted in a significant rate of treatment failure in all sites surveyed. Empiric therapy in the USA should be used with caution until there is better regional or local determination of H. pylori antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Children's Health Dallas, 1935 Medical District Drive, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| | - Kerry B Dunbar
- Medical Service, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Midori Mitui
- Department of Pathology, Children's Health Dallas, 1935 Medical District Drive, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Christina A Arnold
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dora M Lam-Himlin
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Valasek
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irene Thung
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chinemerem Okwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Coss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Texas Digestive Disease Consultants, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Byron Cryer
- Medical Service, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher D Doern
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Coelho E, Magalhães A, Dinis-Ribeiro M, Reis CA. [Molecular Mechanisms for Adhesion and Colonization of Human Gastric Mucosa by Helicobacter pylori and its Clinical Implications]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2016; 29:476-483. [PMID: 27914159 DOI: 10.20344/amp.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori infection is very prevalent worldwide and is associated with the progression of the gastric carcinogenesis cascade, being one of the main risk factors for the development of gastric carcinoma. Several factors are determinant for the infection and for the development of gastric disease, including environmental factors, host genetic factors and virulence factors of the bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on the determinants of the infection and on the recently described molecular mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to the gastric mucosa, as well as its possible future therapeutic application. RESULTS The adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric epithelium is critical for gastric pathogenesis, allowing bacterial access to nutrients and the action of bacterial virulence factors, promoting recurrence of the infection and the progression of the gastric carcinogenesis pathway. DISCUSSION Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is the best preventive strategy available against gastric cancer, mainly if it is achieved before the development of pre-neoplastic lesions. The increase in antibiotics resistance, together with the eradication failures in some patients, has promoted the development of alternative treatments. CONCLUSION The new therapeutic strategies, focused on the molecular mechanism of Helicobacter pylori adhesion, are very promising; however, future studies are needed to evaluate its in vivo efficiency and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Magalhães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal. Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Mário Dinis-Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal. Serviço de Gastroenterologia. Instituto Português de Oncologia. Porto. Portugal. CIDES/CINTESIS. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal. i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal. Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Fallah S, Ahmadi R, Moradi N, Fadaei R, Sezavar SH, Seifi M. Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency in patients with coronary artery disease. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:8-14. [PMID: 27545208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether impact of the seropositivity to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection on ferritin and iron levels is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. The anti H pylori IgG, IgA levels, serum ferritin and iron concentration of 86 patients with cardiovascular disease and 64 participants free of cardiovascular disease as control subjects were determined by ELISA assay. The results of present study showed that seropositivity to H pylori IgG and IgA levels of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients was higher than controls and CAD patients with negative anti H pylori IgG and IgA significantly. A significant negative correlation was found between seropositivity to H pylori IgG and IgA, ferritin and iron levels of CAD patients with seronegativity and seronegativity to H pylori IgG and IgA in comparison with controls. The achieved results from present study suggest that the involvement of H pylori infection in atherosclerosis process is based on the chronic inflammation which might facilitate the CAD-related pathologies. Moreover, impact of the presence of H pylori infection on reduction of the ferritin and iron levels of CAD patients as a risk factor independent of other classic factors including lipid profiles and inflammatory factors was remarkable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fallah
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Research center of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Rasool Akram Hospital Tehran Iran
| | - R Ahmadi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - N Moradi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - R Fadaei
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Tehran Iran
| | - S H Sezavar
- Rasool Akram Hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - M Seifi
- University of Alberta Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Edmonton Canada
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Luo XF, Jiao JH, Zhang WY, Pu HM, Qu BJ, Yang BY, Hou M, Ji MJ. Establishment of a nested-ASP-PCR method to determine the clarithromycin resistance of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5822-5830. [PMID: 27433095 PMCID: PMC4932217 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate clarithromycin resistance positions 2142, 2143 and 2144 of the 23SrRNA gene in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) by nested-allele specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (nested-ASP-PCR).
METHODS: The gastric tissue and saliva samples from 99 patients with positive results of the rapid urease test (RUT) were collected. The nested-ASP-PCR method was carried out with the external primers and inner allele-specific primers corresponding to the reference strain and clinical strains. Thirty gastric tissue and saliva samples were tested to determine the sensitivity of nested-ASP-PCR and ASP-PCR methods. Then, clarithromycin resistance was detected for 99 clinical samples by using different methods, including nested-ASP-PCR, bacterial culture and disk diffusion.
RESULTS: The nested-ASP-PCR method was successfully established to test the resistance mutation points 2142, 2143 and 2144 of the 23SrRNA gene of H. pylori. Among 30 samples of gastric tissue and saliva, the H. pylori detection rate of nested-ASP-PCR was 90% and 83.33%, while the detection rate of ASP-PCR was just 63% and 56.67%. Especially in the saliva samples, nested-ASP-PCR showed much higher sensitivity in H. pylori detection and resistance mutation rates than ASP-PCR. In the 99 RUT-positive gastric tissue and saliva samples, the H. pylori-positive detection rate by nested-ASP-PCR was 87 (87.88%) and 67 (67.68%), in which there were 30 wild-type and 57 mutated strains in gastric tissue and 22 wild-type and 45 mutated strains in saliva. Genotype analysis showed that three-points mixed mutations were quite common, but different resistant strains were present in gastric mucosa and saliva. Compared to the high sensitivity shown by nested-ASP-PCR, the positive detection of bacterial culture with gastric tissue samples was 50 cases, in which only 26 drug-resistant strains were found through analyzing minimum inhibitory zone of clarithromycin.
CONCLUSION: The nested-ASP-PCR assay showed higher detection sensitivity than ASP-PCR and drug sensitivity testing, which could be performed to evaluate clarithromycin resistance of H. pylori.
Collapse
|
126
|
Murad HA. Does Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy trigger or protect against Crohn's disease? Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2016; 79:349-354. [PMID: 27821031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is involved in multiple gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal disorders. This review focuses on possible link between H. pylori eradication and Crohn's disease (CD) which is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal calprotectin and; to lesser extent; fecal lactoferrin are sensitive and specific markers for monitoring CD activity. Data about link between H. pylori eradication and CD are limited and inconclusive. The infection likely shifts equilibrium between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune responses to the Th2 pattern. In subjects genetically predisposed to CD (a Th1-related disease), H. pylori eradication increases Th1 proinflammatory cytokines causing development of CD. In contrast, clarithromycin and/or proton pump inhibitors that are used to eradicate H. pylori can suppress Th1 factors, and theoretically can protect against CD, but there are no data to support this supposition. This Th1/Th2 approach seems very simplistic. Another theory is that alterations in gut microbiota form "continuous antigenic stimulation" predisposing to IBD. H. pylori infection can inhibit such stimulation through activation of regulatory T cells, and thus eradication may predispose to CD. Probiotics weren't found useful in treatment of CD. The reported data about link between H. pylori eradication and CD are currently limited. Case reports, suggesting a positive association between both conditions, provide a very little evidence. On eradicating H. pylori in CD patients and/or patients with high risk for CD, patient counseling and follow-up in addition to measuring fecal calprotectin may help monitor CD activity. (Acta gastro-enterol. belg., 2016, 79, 349-354).
Collapse
|
127
|
Mirbagheri SA, Fu HC. Helicobacter pylori Couples Motility and Diffusion to Actively Create a Heterogeneous Complex Medium in Gastric Mucus. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:198101. [PMID: 27232048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.198101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori swims through mucus gel by generating ammonia that locally neutralizes the acidic gastric environment, turning nearby gel into a fluid pocket. The size of the fluid zone is important for determining the physics of the motility: in a large zone swimming occurs as in a fluid through hydrodynamic principles, while in a very small zone the motility could be strongly influenced by nonhydrodynamic cell-mucus interactions including chemistry and adhesion. Here, we calculate the size of the fluid pocket. We model how swimming depends on the de-gelation range using a Taylor sheet swimming through a layer of Newtonian fluid bounded by a Brinkman fluid. Then, we model how the de-gelation range depends on the swimming speed by considering the advection-diffusion of ammonia exuded from a translating sphere. Self-consistency between both models determines the values of the swimming speed and the de-gelation range. We find that H. pylori swims through mucus as if unconfined, in a large pocket of Newtonian fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Mirbagheri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Henry Chien Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Magalhães A, Rossez Y, Robbe-Masselot C, Maes E, Gomes J, Shevtsova A, Bugaytsova J, Borén T, Reis CA. Muc5ac gastric mucin glycosylation is shaped by FUT2 activity and functionally impacts Helicobacter pylori binding. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25575. [PMID: 27161092 PMCID: PMC4861914 DOI: 10.1038/srep25575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is lined by a thick and complex layer of mucus that protects the mucosal epithelium from biochemical and mechanical aggressions. This mucus barrier confers protection against pathogens but also serves as a binding site that supports a sheltered niche of microbial adherence. The carcinogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori colonize the stomach through binding to host glycans present in the glycocalyx of epithelial cells and extracellular mucus. The secreted MUC5AC mucin is the main component of the gastric mucus layer, and BabA-mediated binding of H. pylori to MUC5AC confers increased risk for overt disease. In this study we unraveled the O-glycosylation profile of Muc5ac from glycoengineered mice models lacking the FUT2 enzyme and therefore mimicking a non-secretor human phenotype. Our results demonstrated that the FUT2 determines the O-glycosylation pattern of Muc5ac, with Fut2 knock-out leading to a marked decrease in α1,2-fucosylated structures and increased expression of the terminal type 1 glycan structure Lewis-a. Importantly, for the first time, we structurally validated the expression of Lewis-a in murine gastric mucosa. Finally, we demonstrated that loss of mucin FUT2-mediated fucosylation impairs gastric mucosal binding of H. pylori BabA adhesin, which is a recognized feature of pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Magalhães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Emmanuel Maes
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, UMR CNRS 8576, University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Joana Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna Shevtsova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jeanna Bugaytsova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Borén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Celso A. Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto, Ipatimup, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200–319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Abstract
Almost 20 years ago, urea was described as a chemotaxis attractant for Helicobacter pylori. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Huang et al. (2015) report that H. pylori employs its urease enzyme to destroy urea to bring the concentration into a range that provokes an attractant response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Keilberg
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Karen M Ottemann
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Zhong Y, Anderl F, Kruse T, Schindele F, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK, Fischer W, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Helicobacter pylori HP0231 Influences Bacterial Virulence and Is Essential for Gastric Colonization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154643. [PMID: 27138472 PMCID: PMC4854439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dsb protein family is responsible for introducing disulfide bonds into nascent proteins in prokaryotes, stabilizing the structure of many proteins. Helicobacter pylori HP0231 is a Dsb-like protein, shown to catalyze disulfide bond formation and to participate in redox homeostasis. Notably, many H. pylori virulence factors are stabilized by the formation of disulfide bonds. By employing H. pylori HP0231 deficient strains we analyzed the effect of lack of this bacterial protein on the functionality of virulence factors containing putative disulfide bonds. The lack of H. pylori HP0231 impaired CagA translocation into gastric epithelial cells and reduced VacA-induced cellular vacuolation. Moreover, H. pylori HP0231 deficient bacteria were not able to colonize the gastric mucosa of mice, probably due to compromised motility. Together, our data demonstrate an essential function for H. pylori HP0231 in gastric colonization and proper function of bacterial virulence factors related to gastric pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhong
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Anderl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kruse
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Schindele
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Boyacioglu SO, Kasap E, Yuceyar H, Korkmaz M. Alteration in Methylation Pattern of Retinoblastoma 1 Gene Promotor Region in Intestinal Metaplasia with or without Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer Patients. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2016; 25:465-70. [PMID: 27629734 DOI: 10.17219/acem/38842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gene methylation play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the association among H. pylori infection, IM, gastric cancer (GC), and gene methylation is not fully understood. Cell cycle control involving retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene is one of the main regulatory pathways reported to be altered in gastric carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research is to assess the methylation status of RB1 gene in GC and IM with or without H. pylori infection, and to discuss the possible role of H. pylori-induced RB1 gene methylation in the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The methylation profile of RB1 gene was analyzed by sodium bisulfite modification and methylation-specific PCR in GC (n = 24), IM patients with H. pylori positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20), and control subjects (n = 20). RESULTS According to methylation levels in RB1 gene; the high correlation values were detected between H. pylori positive-IM group and GC group, and between H. pylori positive-IM and H. pylori negative-IM groups (p < 0.05). No correlations between H. pylori negative-IM and GC groups and between GC and control groups were detected in methylation status of RB1 gene. CONCLUSIONS High methylation levels in RB1 gene in H. pylori positive individuals may suggest an elevated risk of gastric cancer occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Orenay Boyacioglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Elmas Kasap
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yuceyar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Byun E, Park B, Lim JW, Kim H. Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 Mediates Hyperproliferation by Inducing β-Catenin and c-Myc in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:647-51. [PMID: 26996564 PMCID: PMC4800354 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected patients with gastritis or adenocarcinoma, proliferation of gastric epithelial cells is increased. Hyperproliferation is related to induction of oncogenes, such as β-catenin and c-myc. Even though transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 are activated in H. pylori-infected cells, whether NF-κB or AP-1 regulates the expression of β-catenein or c-myc in H. pylori-infected cells has not been clarified. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 mediates the expression of oncogenes and hyperproliferation of gastric epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric epithelial AGS cells were transiently transfected with mutant genes for IκBα (MAD3) and c-Jun (TAM67) or treated with a specific NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) or a selective AP-1 inhibitor SR-11302 to suppress activation of NF-κB or AP-1, respecively. As reference cells, the control vector pcDNA was transfected to the cells. Wild-type cells or transfected cells were cultured with or without H. pylori. RESULTS H. pylori induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1, cell proliferation, and expression of oncogenes (β-catenein, c-myc) in AGS cells, which was inhibited by transfection of MAD3 and TAM67. Wild-type cells and the cells transfected with pcDNA showed similar activities of NF-κB and AP-1, proliferation, and oncogene expression regardless of treatment with H. pylori. Both CAPE and SR-11302 inhibited cell proliferation and expression of oncogenes in H. pylori-infected cells. CONCLUSION H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 regulates transcription of oncogenes and mediates hyperproliferation in gastric epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Byun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bohye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Kazemi E, Kahrizi D, Moradi MT, Sohrabi M, Yari K. Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori: Impact of hopQII Gene. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:107-110. [PMID: 26950460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found usually in the stomach and use a number of mechanisms to survive in the stomach lumen. The presence of these bacteria in the stomach can lead to gastritis and reduction in stomach acid production. Acute inflammation can directly damage to the peripheral cells that are responsible for the secretion of acid. The risk of developing gastric carcinoma is associated to heterogeneity of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors. The HopQII is one of the outer membrane proteins involved in bacterial adherence to gastric mucosa and has been suggested to also play a role in the virulence of H. pylori. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between different H. pylori virulence hopQII allele and patients with gastroduodenal disorders. For this purpose 58 stomach biopsies of patients with gastric cancer and 100 saliva samples from healthy individuals were collected. Then genomic DNA was purified and PCR for was done for desired genes via specific primers. The H. pylori infections were diagnosed by PCR for GlmM gene. Then frequencies of hopQII+ and hopQII- genotypes was determined in H. pylori infected cases. Statistical analysis showed that there were not significant differences between healthy and diseased ones for genotype hopQII+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kazemi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Medical Biology Research Center Kermanshah Iran
| | - D Kahrizi
- Razi University Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Kermanshah Iran
| | - M T Moradi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Medical Biology Research Center Kermanshah Iran
| | - M Sohrabi
- Razi University Zagros Bioidea Co., Razi University Incubator Kermanshah Iran
| | - K Yari
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Medical Biology Research Center Kermanshah Iran
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Fontenete S, Leite M, Cappoen D, Santos R, Ginneken CV, Figueiredo C, Wengel J, Cos P, Azevedo NF. Fluorescence In Vivo Hybridization (FIVH) for Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148353. [PMID: 26848853 PMCID: PMC4743915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we applied fluorescence in vivo hybridization (FIVH) using locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes targeting the bacterial rRNA gene for in vivo detection of H. pylori infecting the C57BL/6 mouse model. A previously designed Cy3_HP_LNA/2OMe_PS probe, complementary to a sequence of the H. pylori 16S rRNA gene, was used. First, the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the probe was assessed by commercial assays. Further, the performance of the probe for detecting H. pylori at different pH conditions was tested in vitro, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Finally, the efficiency of FIVH to detect H. pylori SS1 strain in C57BL/6 infected mice was evaluated ex vivo in mucus samples, in cryosections and paraffin-embedded sections by epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. RESULTS H. pylori SS1 strain infecting C57BL/6 mice was successfully detected by the Cy3_HP_LNA/2OMe_PS probe in the mucus, attached to gastric epithelial cells and colonizing the gastric pits. The specificity of the probe for H. pylori was confirmed by microscopy. CONCLUSIONS In the future this methodology can be used in combination with a confocal laser endomicroscope for in vivo diagnosis of H. pylori infection using fluorescent LNA probes, which would be helpful to obtain an immediate diagnosis. Our results proved for the first time that FIVH method is applicable inside the body of a higher-order animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Fontenete
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- ICBAS, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Leite
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Davie Cappoen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rita Santos
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE, Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Emara MH, Elhawari SA, Yousef S, Radwan MI, Abdel-Aziz HR. Emerging Role of Probiotics in the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Histopathologic Perspectives. Helicobacter 2016; 21:3-10. [PMID: 25997615 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that emphasizes the efficacy of probiotics in the management of Helicobacter (H) pylori infection; it increased the eradication rate, improved patient clinical manifestations and lowered treatment associated side effects. AIM In this review we documented the potential ability of probiotics to ameliorate H. pylori induced histological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the available literature for full length articles focusing the role of probiotics on H. pylori induced gastritis from histologic perspectives. RESULTS Probiotics lowered H. pylori density at the luminal side of epithelium, improved histological inflammatory and activity scores both in the gastric corpus and antrum. This effect persists for long period of time after discontinuation of probiotic supplementation and this is probably through an immune mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence support the promising role of probiotics in improving H. pylori induced histopathological features both in gastric antrum and corpus and for long periods of time. Because increased density of H. pylori on the gastric mucosa is linked to more severe gastritis and increased incidence of peptic ulcers, we can infer that a reduction of the density might help to decrease the risk of developing pathologies, probably the progression toward atrophic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma. These effects together with improving the H. pylori eradication rates and amelioration of treatment related side effects might open the door for probiotics to be added to H. pylori eradication regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Emara
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Soha A Elhawari
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Salem Yousef
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Radwan
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hesham R Abdel-Aziz
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Zhou J, Wang W, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Xu W, Wang Y, Guan Z. Proteomics-Based Identification and Analysis of Proteins Associated with Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146521. [PMID: 26745502 PMCID: PMC4706351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that causes the most common chronic infection in the human stomach. Approximately 1%-3% of infected individuals develop gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms by which H. pylori induces gastric cancer are not completely understood. The available evidence indicates a strong link between the virulence factor of H. pylori, cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), and gastric cancer. To further characterize H. pylori virulence, we established three cell lines by infecting the gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and AGS with cagA+H. pylori and transfecting SGC-7901 with a vector carrying the full-length cagA gene. We detected 135 differently expressed proteins from the three cell lines using proteome technology, and 10 differential proteins common to the three cell lines were selected and identified by LC-MS/MS as well as verified by western blot: β-actin, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 homolog (PRPF19), ATP synthase, calmodulin (CaM), p64 CLCP, Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP), P43 and calreticulin. Detection of the expression of these proteins and genes encoding these proteins in human gastric cancer tissues by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot revealed that the expression of β-ACTIN, LDH, DLD, PRPF19 and CaM genes were up-regulated and RanGAP was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and/or metastatic lymph nodes compared to peri-cancerous tissues. High gene expression was observed for H. pylori infection in gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, the LDH, DLD and CaM genes were demethylated at the promoter -2325, -1885 and -276 sites, respectively, and the RanGAP gene was highly methylated at the promoter -570 and -170 sites in H. pylori-infected and cagA-overexpressing cells. These results provide new insights into the molecular pathogenesis and treatment targets for gastric cancer with H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Zhou
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Molecular Biology Key Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Shimoda A, Ueda K, Nishiumi S, Murata-Kamiya N, Mukai SA, Sawada SI, Azuma T, Hatakeyama M, Akiyoshi K. Exosomes as nanocarriers for systemic delivery of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 26739388 DOI: 10.10.38/srep18346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CagA, encoded by cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen involved in the development of upper gastrointestinal diseases. Infection with cagA-positive H. pylori may also be associated with diseases outside the stomach, although the mechanisms through which H. pylori infection promotes extragastric diseases remain unknown. Here, we report that CagA is present in serum-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, in patients infected with cagA-positive H. pylori (n = 4). We also found that gastric epithelial cells inducibly expressing CagA secrete exosomes containing CagA. Addition of purified CagA-containing exosomes to gastric epithelial cells induced an elongated cell shape, indicating that the exosomes deliver functional CagA into cells. These findings indicated that exosomes secreted from CagA-expressing gastric epithelial cells may enter into circulation, delivering CagA to distant organs and tissues. Thus, CagA-containing exosomes may be involved in the development of extragastric disorders associated with cagA-positive H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Division of Biosciences, Functional Proteomics Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, CREST hall 1F, Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sada-Atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Lin CJ, Liao WC, Lin HJ, Hsu YM, Lin CL, Chen YA, Feng CL, Chen CJ, Kao MC, Lai CH, Kao CH. Statins Attenuate Helicobacter pylori CagA Translocation and Reduce Incidence of Gastric Cancer: In Vitro and Population-Based Case-Control Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146432. [PMID: 26730715 PMCID: PMC4701455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The correlation of Helicobacter pylori and the etiology of gastric cancer was substantially certain. Cholesterol-rich microdomains (also called lipid rafts), which provide platforms for signaling, are associated with H. pylori-induced pathogenesis leading to gastric cancer. Patients who have been prescribed statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, have exhibited a reduced risk of several types of cancer. However, no studies have addressed the effect of statins on H. pylori-associated gastric cancer from the antineoplastic perspective. In this study, we showed that treatment of gastric epithelial cells with simvastatin reduced the level of cellular cholesterol and led to attenuation of translocation and phosphorylation of H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is recognized as a major determinant of gastric cancer development. Additionally, a nationwide case-control study based on data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was conducted. A population-based case-control study revealed that patients who used simvastatin exhibited a significantly reduced risk of gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–0.83). In patients exhibiting H. pylori infection who were prescribed simvastatin, the adjusted OR for gastric cancer was 0.25 (95% CI = 0.12–0.50). Our results combined an in vitro study with a nationwide population analysis reveal that statin use might be a feasible approach to prevent H. pylori-associated gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-Jeng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lung Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HK); ; (C-HL)
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HK); ; (C-HL)
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Goto Y, Syam AF, Darnindro N, Puspita Hapsari FC. Risk Factors for and Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection among Healthy Inhabitants in Northern Jakarta, Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:4469-4475. [PMID: 27797263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Indonesia is a developing country, in most of which the infection rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been reported to be high. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Indonesia has been unexpectedly reported to be low. The purpose of our study was to con rm whether the prevalence of H. pylori infection is low among healthy inhabitants in Northern Jakarta by 13C-urea breath test (UBT), and to examine the association of their lifestyle/environmental factors with H. pylori infection and to identify potential routes of transmission. We recruited a total of 196 subjects from a low-income community in Northern Jakarta, Indonesia. Of them, 193 subjects who completed a questionnaire about their lifestyle/environment and had UBT were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for sex and age with 95% con dence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression model. The overall H. pylori infection rate was 15.0%. There was difference in H. pylori infection rates among Buginese (40.0%), Betawi (9.1%), Sundanese (3.7%), and Batak (9.1%). After multivariate analysis, the ORs of intake of soybean milk, cucumber more than one time a week, infrequent hand washing before meals, and alcohol consumption were 0.10 (95%CI: 0.01-0.97), 6.61 (95%CI: 1.87-23.3), 4.10 (95%CI: 1.15-14.6), and 61.9 for former drinkers (95%CI: 1.67-2300.8), respectively. Buginese (OR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.82- 33.8) and Batak ethnic groups (OR=20.1; 95%CI: 1.90-213.2) were infected more frequently, compared with Javanese. The H. pylori infection rate in this study was low, as reported previously. After we scrutinized the factors, Buginese and Batak ethnic groups eat food using ngers more frequently than Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese. In addition, infrequent hand wash practice before meal increased the risk. Our study indicated that person-person transmission was possible in this low prevalence area. The low infection rates of H. pylori among those of Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese ethnicity could be partly due to sanitary practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya, Japan E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
140
|
Martinez LE, Hardcastle JM, Wang J, Pincus Z, Tsang J, Hoover TR, Bansil R, Salama NR. Helicobacter pylori strains vary cell shape and flagellum number to maintain robust motility in viscous environments. Mol Microbiol 2016; 99:88-110. [PMID: 26365708 PMCID: PMC4857613 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The helical shape of the human stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori has been suggested to provide mechanical advantage for penetrating the viscous stomach mucus layer. Using single-cell tracking and quantitative morphology analysis, we document marked variation in cell body helical parameters and flagellum number among H. pylori strains leading to distinct and broad speed distributions in broth and viscous gastric mucin media. These distributions reflect both temporal variation in swimming speed and morphologic variation within the population. Isogenic mutants with straight-rod morphology showed 7-21% reduction in speed and a lower fraction of motile bacteria. Mutational perturbation of flagellum number revealed a 19% increase in speed with 4 versus 3 median flagellum number. Resistive force theory modeling incorporating variation of both cell shape and flagellum number predicts qualitative speed differences of 10-30% among strains. However, quantitative comparisons suggest resistive force theory underestimates the influence of cell body shape on speed for helical shaped bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Martinez
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Wang
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Zachary Pincus
- Department of Developmental Biology and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Timothy R. Hoover
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rama Bansil
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Nina R. Salama
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Sung H, Camargo MC, Yu K, Weinstein SJ, Morgan DR, Albanes D, Rabkin CS. Association of 4p14 TLR locus with antibodies to Helicobacter pylori. Genes Immun 2015; 16:567-70. [PMID: 26312625 PMCID: PMC4670272 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study among Europeans related polymorphisms of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) locus at 4p14 and the Fcγ receptor 2a locus at 1q23.3 to Helicobacter pylori serologic status. We replicated associations of 4p14 but not 1q23.3 with anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies in 1402 Finnish males. Importantly, our analysis clarified that the phenotype affected by 4p14 is quantitative level of these antibodies rather than association with seropositivity per se. In addition, we annotated variants at 4p14 as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) associated with TLR6/10 and FAM114A1. Our findings suggest that 4p14 polymorphisms are linked to host immune response to H. pylori infection but not to its acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R. Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Shin SH, Jung DH, Kim JH, Chung HS, Park JC, Shin SK, Lee SK, Lee YC. Helicobacter pylori Eradication Prevents Metachronous Gastric Neoplasms after Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Dysplasia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143257. [PMID: 26580072 PMCID: PMC4651354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is insufficient data about the role of eradication of H. pylori after endoscopic resection (ER) for gastric dysplasia. The aim was to investigate the benefit of H. pylori eradication after ER in patients with gastric dysplasia to prevent metachronous gastric neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 1872 patients who underwent ER of gastric dysplasia. We excluded patients with a follow-up period of <2 years or who had not undergone tests for active H. pylori infection. A total of 282 patients were enrolled. The patients were categorized into those without active H. pylori infection (H. pylori-negative group, n = 124), those who successfully underwent H. pylori eradication (eradicated group, n = 122), and those who failed or did not undergo H. pylori eradication (persistent group, n = 36). RESULTS Metachronous recurrence was diagnosed in 36 patients, including 19 in the H. pylori-negative group, 10 in the eradicated group, and 7 in the persistent group. The cumulative incidence of metachronous recurrence was significantly lower in the H. pylori-eradicated group in comparison with either of the H. pylori-persistent (non-eradicated or failed) groups (p = 0.039). Similarly, the incidence of metachronous recurrence was significantly lower in the H. pylori-eradicated group compared with the H. pylori-negative group (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Successful H. pylori eradication may reduce the development of metachronous gastric neoplasms after ER in patients with gastric dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jie-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kwan Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Burns M, Muthupalani S, Ge Z, Wang TC, Bakthavatchalu V, Cunningham C, Ennis K, Georgieff M, Fox JG. Helicobacter pylori Infection Induces Anemia, Depletes Serum Iron Storage, and Alters Local Iron-Related and Adult Brain Gene Expression in Male INS-GAS Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142630. [PMID: 26575645 PMCID: PMC4648568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects > 500 million people worldwide, and is linked to impaired cognitive development and function in children. Helicobacter pylori, a class 1 carcinogen, infects about half of the world’s population, thus creating a high likelihood of overlapping risk. This study determined the effect of H. pylori infection on iron homeostasis in INS-GAS mice. Two replicates of INS-GAS/FVB male mice (n = 9-12/group) were dosed with H. pylori (Hp) strain SS1 or sham dosed at 6–9 weeks of age, and were necropsied at 27–29 weeks of age. Hematologic and serum iron parameters were evaluated, as was gene expression in gastric and brain tissues. Serum ferritin was lower in Hp SS1-infected mice than uninfected mice (p < 0.0001). Infected mice had a lower red blood cell count (p<0.0001), hematocrit (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin concentration (p <0.0001) than uninfected mice. Relative expression of gastric hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (Hamp) was downregulated in mice infected with Hp SS1 compared to sham-dosed controls (p<0.001). Expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (Bmp4), a growth factor upstream of hepcidin, was downregulated in gastric tissue of Hp SS1-infected mice (p<0.001). Hp SS1-infected mice had downregulated brain expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) (p = 0.02). Expression of iron-responsive genes involved in myelination (myelin basic protein (Mbp) and proteolipid protein 2 (Plp2)) was downregulated in infected mice (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02). Expression of synaptic plasticity markers (brain derived neurotrophic factor 3 (Bdnf3), Psd95 (a membrane associated guanylate kinase), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1)) was also downregulated in Hp SS1-infected mice (p = 0.09, p = 0.04, p = 0.02 respectively). Infection of male INS-GAS mice with Hp SS1, without concurrent dietary iron deficiency, depleted serum ferritin, deregulated gastric and hepatic expression of iron regulatory genes, and altered iron-dependent neural processes. The use of Hp SS1-infected INS-GAS mice will be an appropriate animal model for further study of the effects of concurrent H. pylori infection and anemia on iron homeostasis and adult iron-dependent brain gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catriona Cunningham
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Ennis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael Georgieff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Uchida T, Miftahussurur M, Pittayanon R, Vilaichone RK, Wisedopas N, Ratanachu-ek T, Kishida T, Moriyama M, Yamaoka Y, Mahachai V. Helicobacter pylori Infection in Thailand: A Nationwide Study of the CagA Phenotype. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136775. [PMID: 26355839 PMCID: PMC4565646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk to develop gastric cancer in Thailand is relatively low among Asian countries. In addition, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of gastric cancer in Thailand varies with geographical distribution; the ASR in the North region is 3.5 times higher than that in the South region. We hypothesized that the prevalence of H. pylori infection and diversity of CagA phenotype contributes to the variety of gastric cancer risk in various regions of Thailand. Methods We conducted a nationwide survey within Thailand. We determined H. pylori infection prevalence by detecting H. pylori, using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The anti-CagA antibody and anti-East-Asian type CagA antibody (α-EAS Ab), which showed high accuracy in several East Asian countries, were used to determine CagA phenotype. Results Among 1,546 patients from four regions, including 17 provinces, the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 45.9% (710/1,546). Mirroring the prevalence of H. pylori infection, histological scores were the lowest in the South region. Of the 710 H. pylori-positive patients, 93.2% (662) were immunoreactive with the anti-CagA antibody. CagA-negative strain prevalence in the South region was significantly higher than that in other regions (17.9%; 5/28; p < 0.05). Overall, only 77 patients (11.6%) were immunoreactive with the α-EAS Ab. There were no differences in the α-EAS Ab immunoreactive rate across geographical regions. Conclusions This is the first study using immunohistochemistry to confirm H. pylori infections across different regions in Thailand. The prevalence of East-Asian type CagA H. pylori in Thailand was low. The low incidence of gastric cancer in Thailand may be attributed to the low prevalence of precancerous lesions. The low incidence of gastric cancer in the South region might be associated with the lower prevalence of H. pylori infection, precancerous lesions, and CagA-positive H. pylori strains, compared with that in the other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rapat Pittayanon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Naruemon Wisedopas
- Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tetsuko Kishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YY); (VM)
| | - Varocha Mahachai
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Center, Bangkok Medical Center, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (YY); (VM)
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Braden
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Krivokuća M, Niketić M, Milenković M, Golić N, Masia C, Scaltrito MM, Sisto F, Kundaković T. Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Four Alchemilla Species (Rosaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1369-1371. [PMID: 26434119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the anti-Helicobacterpylori activity of Alchemilla glabra Neygenf. (A. sect. Alchemilla), A. monticola Opiz (A. sect. Plicatae S.E. Fröhner), A. fissa Günther & Schummel (A. sect. Calycinae (Buser) Buser) and A. viridiflora Rothm. (A. sect. Calycinae), and identified ellagic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside. Anti-H. pylori activity was tested against ten clinical isolates and one reference strain (ATCC 43504). The methanol extracts were more active than the dichloromethane and cyclohexane extracts. The ranges of concentrations were between 4 μg/mL for methanol extracts of A. viridiflora, A. glabra and A. monticola, and 256 μg/mL for cyclohexane extracts of A. viridiflora, A. glabra and A. fissa. The best overall activity was obtained with A. monticola extracts. No significant difference was found in the ellagic acid contents of the methanol extracts of the tested Alchemilla species (0.2-0.3 mg/mL), and anti-H. pylori activity was similar (4-32 μg/mL). Ellagic acid exhibited strong activity at very low concentrations (0.125-0.5 μg/mL), while the second identified compound, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, was also very active in concentration of 2-16 μg/mL.
Collapse
|
147
|
Pohjanen VM, Koivurova OP, Huhta H, Helminen O, Mäkinen JM, Karhukorpi JM, Joensuu T, Koistinen PO, Valtonen JM, Niemelä SE, Karttunen RA, Karttunen TJ. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Wild Type Homozygozity of Polymorphisms +896 and +1196 Is Associated with High Gastrin Serum Levels and Peptic Ulcer Risk. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131553. [PMID: 26161647 PMCID: PMC4498789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 is a part of the innate immune system and recognizes Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. The goal of this study was to analyze the role of Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms +896 (rs4986790) and +1196 (rs4986791) in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori related gastroduodenal diseases in relation to gastric secretion and inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms, serum gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I and II concentrations were determined, and gastroscopies with histopathological analyses were performed to 216 dyspeptic patients. As genotype controls, 179 controls and 61 gastric cancer patients were studied. In our study, the Toll-like receptor 4 +896 and +1196 polymorphisms were in total linkage disequilibrium. The homozygous wild types displayed higher gastrin-17 serum concentrations than the mutants (p = 0.001) and this effect was independent of Helicobacter pylori. The homozygous wild types also displayed an increased risk for peptic ulcers (OR: 4.390). Toll-like receptor 4 genotypes did not show any association with Helicobacter pylori positivity or the features of gastric inflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 expression was seen in gastrin and somatostatin expressing cells of antral mucosa by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest a role for Toll-like receptor 4 in gastric acid regulation and that the Toll-like receptor 4 +896 and +1196 wild type homozygozity increases peptic ulcer risk via gastrin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesa-Matti Pohjanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Heikki Huhta
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna M. Mäkinen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari M. Karhukorpi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre Joint Authority Enterprise (ISLAB), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tapio Joensuu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pietarsaari City Hospital, Pietarsaari, Finland
| | | | | | - Seppo E. Niemelä
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta A. Karttunen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J. Karttunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Belaya YA, Belaya OF, Petrukhin VG, Vakhrameeva MS, Bystrova SM, Pronin AV. [IMMUNOLOGIC MONITORING OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PERSISTENCE IN THE ORGANISM]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2015:106-112. [PMID: 26470429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Generalized results of 15-year prospective studies of frequency of occurrence and dynamics of circulation of pathogenetically significant LPS/O-antigens, high molecular weight proteins, including CagA, and VacA of Helicobacter pylori in biological media of organism in patients with gastrointestinal diseases and asymptomatic volunteers due to effects of external and internal factors are presented. Features of antigen circulation and reciprocal immune reaction of the organism are established, that reflect their interaction in the parasite-host tandem, risk and prognosis of possible complications in the process of long-term persistence of Helicobacter pylori in the organism.
Collapse
|
149
|
Ling SSM, Khoo LHB, Hwang LA, Yeoh KG, Ho B. Instrumental Role of Helicobacter pylori γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in VacA-Dependent Vacuolation in Gastric Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131460. [PMID: 26111186 PMCID: PMC4482420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes cellular vacuolation in host cells, a cytotoxic event attributed to vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and the presence of permeant weak bases such as ammonia. We report here the role of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a constitutively expressed secretory enzyme of H. pylori, in potentiating VacA-dependent vacuolation formation in H. pylori-infected AGS and primary gastric cells. The enhancement is brought about by GGT hydrolysing glutamine present in the extracellular medium, thereby releasing ammonia which accentuates the VacA-induced vacuolation. The events of vacuolation in H. pylori wild type (WT)- and Δggt-infected AGS cells were first captured and visualized by real-time phase-contrast microscopy where WT was observed to induce more vacuoles than Δggt. By using semi-quantitative neutral red uptake assay, we next showed that Δggt induced significantly less vacuolation in AGS and primary gastric epithelial cells as compared to the parental strain (P<0.05) indicating that GGT potentiates the vacuolating effect of VacA. Notably, vacuolation induced by WT was significantly reduced in the absence of GGT substrate, glutamine (P<0.05) or in the presence of a competitive GGT inhibitor, serine-borate complex. Furthermore, the vacuolating ability of Δggt was markedly restored when co-incubated with purified recombinant GGT (rGGT), although rGGT itself did not induce vacuolation independently. Similarly, the addition of exogenous ammonium chloride as a source of ammonia also rescued the ability of Δggt to induce vacuolation. Additionally, we also show that monoclonal antibodies against GGT effectively inhibited GGT activity and successfully suppressed H. pylori-induced vacuolation. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrate that generation of ammonia by GGT through glutamine hydrolysis is responsible for enhancing VacA-dependent vacuolation. Our findings provide a new perspective on GGT as an important virulence factor and a promising target in the management of H. pylori-associated gastric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Shi Min Ling
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Le-Ann Hwang
- Monoclonal Antibody Unit, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bow Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Chaturvedi R, de Sablet T, Asim M, Piazuelo MB, Barry DP, Verriere TG, Sierra JC, Hardbower DM, Delgado AG, Schneider BG, Israel DA, Romero-Gallo J, Nagy TA, Morgan DR, Murray-Stewart T, Bravo LE, Peek RM, Fox JG, Woster PM, Casero RA, Correa P, Wilson KT. Increased Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer risk in the Andean region of Colombia is mediated by spermine oxidase. Oncogene 2015; 34:3429-40. [PMID: 25174398 PMCID: PMC4345146 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric cancer, the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. More than half of the world's population is infected, making universal eradication impractical. Clinical trials suggest that antibiotic treatment only reduces gastric cancer risk in patients with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), and is ineffective once preneoplastic lesions of multifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) have occurred. Therefore, additional strategies for risk stratification and chemoprevention of gastric cancer are needed. We have implicated polyamines, generated by the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), in gastric carcinogenesis. During H. pylori infection, the enzyme spermine oxidase (SMOX) is induced, which generates hydrogen peroxide from the catabolism of the polyamine spermine. Herein, we assessed the role of SMOX in the increased gastric cancer risk in Colombia associated with the Andean mountain region when compared with the low-risk region on the Pacific coast. When cocultured with gastric epithelial cells, clinical strains of H. pylori from the high-risk region induced more SMOX expression and oxidative DNA damage, and less apoptosis than low-risk strains. These findings were not attributable to differences in the cytotoxin-associated gene A oncoprotein. Gastric tissues from subjects from the high-risk region exhibited greater levels of SMOX and oxidative DNA damage by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and this occurred in NAG, MAG and IM. In Mongolian gerbils, a prototype colonizing strain from the high-risk region induced more SMOX, DNA damage, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma than a colonizing strain from the low-risk region. Treatment of gerbils with either α-difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of ODC, or MDL 72527 (N(1),N(4)-Di(buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)butane-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride), an inhibitor of SMOX, reduced gastric dysplasia and carcinoma, as well as apoptosis-resistant cells with DNA damage. These data indicate that aberrant activation of polyamine-driven oxidative stress is a marker of gastric cancer risk and a target for chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thibaut de Sablet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas G. Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Carolina Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana M. Hardbower
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barbara G. Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Toni A. Nagy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas R. Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis E. Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts lnstitute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|