Optimization of methylene blue using Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) bio-polymer hydrogel beads: A comparative study

Recently noted that the methylene blue cause severe central nervous system toxicity. It is essential to optimize the methylene blue from aqueous environment. In this study, a comparison of an optimization of methylene blue was investigated by using modified Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) bio-polymer hydrogel beads. A batch mode study was conducted using various parameters like time, dye concentration, bio-polymer dose, pH and process temperature. The isotherms, kinetics, diffusion and thermodynamic studies were performed for feasibility of the optimization process. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations were used for the prediction of isotherm parameters and correlated with dimensionless separation factor (RL). Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order Lagegren's kinetic equations were used for the correlation of kinetic parameters. Intraparticle diffusion model was employed for diffusion of the optimization process. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) shows different absorbent peaks of Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) beads and the morphology of the bio-polymer material analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The TG & DTA studies show that good thermal stability with less humidity without production of any non-degraded products.

A review on polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes: History, applications, challenges and approaches

This review focuses on the development of polyamide (PA) thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for various aqueous media-based separation processes such as nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and forward osmosis since the concept of TFN was introduced in year 2007. Although the total number of published TFN articles falls far short of the articles of the well-known thin film composite (TFC) membranes, its growth rate is significant, particularly since 2012. Generally, by incorporating an appropriate amount of nanofiller into a thin selective PA layer of a composite membrane, one could produce TFN membranes with enhanced separation characteristics as compared to the conventional TFC membrane. For certain cases, the resulting TFN membranes demonstrate not only excellent antifouling resistance and/or greater antibacterial effect, but also possibly overcome the trade-off effect between water permeability and solute selectivity. Furthermore, this review attempts to give the readers insights into the difficulties of incorporating inorganic nanomaterials into the organic PA layer whose thickness usually falls in a range of several-hundred nanometers. It is also intended to show new possible approaches to overcome these challenges in TFN membrane fabrication.

Synthesis and characterization of novel thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes with improved organic fouling properties for water desalination

Incorporation of HNTs into PA layer improved not only the structural and separation characteristics of composite membrane but also its antifouling properties.

Zero-valent iron impregnated cellulose acetate mixed matrix membranes for the treatment of textile industry effluent

Novel green synthesized zero valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles of distinct mass fractions of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 wt% are blended with cellulose acetate (CA) to prepare CA/ZVI mixed matrix membranes (MMMs).

Preparation, characterization and the effect of PANI coated TiO2 nanocomposites on the performance of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes

The PANI coated TiO₂ nanotubes serve as effective additives for polysulfone membranes, for improving their properties.

Performance evaluation of novel PVDF–Cloisite 15A hollow fiber composite membranes for treatment of effluents containing dyes and salts using membrane distillation

Performances of a novel PVDF–Cloisite 15A hollow fiber composite membrane in treating a dyeing solution containing 50 ppm AR1 and 0.1–1.0 M NaCl.

Performance of silicon rubber coated polyetherimide hollow fibers for CO2 removal via a membrane contactor

This study focuses on the effect of a silicon rubber coating technique on the hollow fiber membrane contactor for the purpose of CO₂ removal.

Effect of hydrophobic montmorillonite (MMT) on PVDF and PEI hollow fiber membranes in gas–liquid contacting process: a comparative study

Porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyetherimide (PEI) hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes are successfully fabricated for CO₂ absorption via membrane contactor.

Physicochemical properties of “green” nanocrystalline cellulose isolated from recycled newspaper

“Green” nanocrystalline cellulose was isolated through an acid hydrolysis process from recycled newspapers and prepared via treatment with NaOH and NaClO₂.

Polyphenylsulfone-based solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membrane incorporated with copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) nanoparticles for methanol separation

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of various properties were prepared for a solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) by incorporating polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes with copper-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) nanoparticles at different loadings.

The impacts of various operating conditions on submerged membrane photocatalytic reactors (SMPR) for organic pollutant separation and degradation: a review

The rapid development of membrane based wastewater treatment has led to the emerging technology of submerged membrane photocatalytic reactors (SMPR), which are less susceptible to fouling and capable of separating and degrading organic pollutants in the wastewater.

Carbon dioxide stripping through water by porous PVDF/montmorillonite hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes in a membrane contactor

Hydrophobic montmorillonite-filled polyvinylideneflouride hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes were fabricated via wet phase inversion method to meet the requirements of stripping process through membrane contactor at elevated temperatures.

A porous polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane in a gas humidification process

Porous PES hollow fiber membrane was fabricated and characterized in terms of pore size, porosity and wettability and used in humidification process. The membrane showed high performance compared to the commercial and in-house made membranes.

Hydrocarbon degradation and separation of bilge water via a novel TiO2-HNTs/PVDF-based photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR)

This paper focuses on the potential of a novel flat sheet nanocomposite titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane as a photocatalytic separator in the photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR).

Novel hybrid photocatalytic reactor-UF nanocomposite membrane system for bilge water degradation and separation

Bilge water degradation and separation via a hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor based on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/halloysite nanotube clay (HNTs) nanocomposite membrane has been achieved by this study.

Thin film nanocomposite embedded with polymethyl methacrylate modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes for CO2 removal

Thin film nanocomposite loaded with milled polymethyl methacrylate grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes achieved 29%, 47% and 9% increment in CO₂ permeance, CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity respectively compared to its thin film composite counterpart.

Preparation and performance studies of polysulfone-sulfated nano-titania (S-TiO2) nanofiltration membranes for dye removal

Polysulfone nanofiltration membranes containing sulfated nano-titania (S-TiO₂) were fabricated, with the aim to enhance the membrane properties along with the possible rejection of Methylene Blue (MB) dye by membranes.

Probing the morphology and anti-organic fouling behaviour of a polyetherimide membrane modified with hydrophilic organic acids as additives

A polyetherimide based membrane was modified with various hydrophilic organic acids as additives. The results showed that the additives exhibited a remarkable improvement in the antifouling properties (FRR of 72%).