Primary breast lymphomas: An Argentinian cooperative study

e19555

Background: Primary Breast Lymphomas are rare tumors (less than 1% of all primary breast tumors). Because of that, the records of two institutions dedicated exclusively to the treatment of cancer (Hospital Municipal de Oncologia “Maria Curie” and Instituto Oncologico Henry Moore) have been working together in a single series. Objective: To make a retrospective study of the clinical onset, treatment and evolution of the patients with Primary Breast Lymphoma (PBL). Methods: Patients from hemato-oncological databases of both institutions, that presented PBL, were studied. A database containing characteristics of the population, clinical onset, treatments, evolution and survival Results: Gender F/M=2/15 pt. Mean age (range)=54.1 years (24–87). Pathology: Hodgkin's Lymphoma = 1 pt, NHL follicular = 8 pt, Large-Cell Diffuse NHL = 6 pt, lymphoplasmocytic NHL = 1 pt, Marginal Zone NHL = 1 pt. Stages: IA = 2 pt, IIA = 8 pt, IIIA = 1 pt, IVA = 6 pt. Radiotherapy: 11 pt. Polychemotherapy: CVP = 7 pt, COPP = 1 pt, CHOP = 2 pt, CNOP = 4 pt, CVP/CHOP = 1 pt, RCHOP = 1 pt, RESHAP = 1 pt. Response: CR16/16 evaluable pt. Evolution: Recurrence = 3 pt, Second tumors = 3 pt (breast cancer = 3 pt), Third tumors = 1 pt (melanoma = 1 pt). Survival. Dead = 4 pt. Alive with no illness = 12 pt, Alive under treatment = 1 pt. Conclusions: 1) Seventeen pt with PBL were identified. 2) Sixteen out of 17 were non-Hodgkin lymphomas. 3) Fifteen of 17 pt were women 4) Fourteen of the 17 cases affected only one breast. 5) Seven out of 17 cases were tumors of less than 5 cm. 6) Response reached 100% of the evaluable pt. 7) There was an important rate of second and third tumors (20%). 8) With a mean follow up time of 82 months, 75% of the population is alive and free of the illness.

No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles on broiler meat quality

A randomized complete block design with 3 replications (n=144) was utilized to evaluate the effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0% control and 8%) on broiler breast and thigh meat quality. Electrical stunning was performed, and broiler carcasses were scalded, picked, and eviscerated using commercial prototype equipment. At 4 h postmortem, carcasses were removed from the chill tank and breast and thigh removal was performed. Color, pH, cooking loss, and shear force values were measured on breasts that were removed from the right side of the carcass. Breasts removed from the left side of the carcass were utilized for sensory testing. Thigh meat was evaluated for TBA reactive substances and fatty acid composition. On average, no differences (P>0.05) existed among the DDGS and control treatment with regards to color (CIE L*, a*, b*), ultimate pH, cooking loss, and shear values. In addition, no differences (P>0.05) existed among treatments regarding the acceptability of texture, but the control treatment was slightly preferred (P<0.05) over the DDGS treatment with respect to flavor and overall acceptability. However, both treatments received scores of "like moderately" on the hedonic scale, and consumers who liked the chicken breasts "moderately" or "very much" (over 50% of the panelists) did not differentiate between the 2 treatments. In addition, in a sensory difference test, consumers could not differentiate (P>0.05) between the control and DDGS treatment. Fatty acid composition varied slightly (P<0.05) between treatments. The DDGS treatment had a greater (P<0.05) percentage of linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids, indicating that it may be slightly more susceptible to oxidation. Overall, data suggest that both feeding treatments yielded high-quality breast and thigh meat with minimal product differences.

Apparent metabolizable energy of glycerin for broiler chickens

Three energy balance experiments were conducted to determine AMEn of glycerin using broiler chickens of diverse ages. In experiment 1, two dietary treatments were fed from 4 to 11 d of age. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (no added glycerin) and a diet containing 6% glycerin (94% control diet + 6% glycerin). Four dietary treatments were provided in experiment 2 (from 17 to 24 d of age) and 3 (from 38 to 45 d of age). Diets in experiment 2 and 3 were 1) control diet (no added glycerin); 2) 3% added glycerin (97% control diet + 3% glycerin); 3) 6% added glycerin (94% control diet + 6% glycerin); and 4) 9% added glycerin (91% control diet + 9% glycerin). Diets in experiment 1 and 2 were identical, but the diet used in experiment 3 had reduced nutrient levels based on bird age. In experiments 2 and 3, broilers were fed 91, 94, 97, and 100% of ad libitum intake so that differences in AMEn consumption were only due to glycerin. A single source of glycerin was used in all experiments. Feed intake, BW, energy intake, energy excretion, nitrogen intake, nitrogen excretion, AMEn, and AMEn intake were determined in all experiments. In experiment 1, AMEn determination utilized the difference approach by subtracting AMEn of the control diet from AMEn of the test diet. In experiments 2 and 3, AMEn intake was regressed against feed intake with the slope estimating AMEn of glycerin. Regression equations were Y = 3,331x -72.59 (P < or = 0.0001) and Y = 3,348.62x -140.18 (P < or = 0.0001) for experiments 2 and 3, respectively. The AMEn of glycerin was determined as 3,621, 3,331, and 3,349 kcal/kg in experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The average AMEn of glycerin across the 3 experiments was 3,434 kcal/kg, which is similar to its gross energy content. These results indicate that AMEn of glycerin is utilized efficiently by broiler chickens.

Evaluation of models using corticosterone and adrenocorticotropin to induce conditions mimicking physiological stress in commercial broilers

Three experiments (Exp) were conducted to delineate a suitable model for inducing conditions mimicking physiological stress with minimal bird handling. For Exp 1, Ross x Ross 308 male chicks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 5 mg of corticosterone (CS)/kg from d 1 to 7. For Exp 2, Ross x Ross 508 broilers received 1 of 4 dietary treatments: control; control + 4 IU/kg of BW of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)/d i.m. from d 21 to 27; control + 8 IU/kg of BW of ACTH/d i.m. from d 21 to 27; or control + 15 mg of CS/kg of diet for 14 d from 21 to 35 d of age. In Exp 3, Ross x Ross 308 broilers were fed high or low nutrient density (ND) from 1 to 41 d of age, and 0 or 20 mg of CS/kg of diet from 18 to 21 d of age. Performance parameters (BW gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and mortality) were measured in all 3 experiments. In Exp 1, CS administration significantly decreased BW gain and decreased feed intake and mortality. In Exp 2, although ACTH injection resulted in significantly depressed performance responses relative to the control, CS administration yielded significantly stronger results. In Exp 3, ND and CS interacted (P = 0.04) to affect feed intake from d 0 to 34. Broilers fed diets containing high ND and CS had higher feed intake than broilers fed low ND and CS. From 0 to 21 and 0 to 42 d, CS decreased feed intake. Increased dietary ND improved BW gain and feed conversion in Exp 3. Also, CS decreased and increased BW gain and feed conversion, respectively, during all periods in Exp 3. Dietary addition of CS negatively impacted performance of broilers, and increasing dietary amino acid density did not ameliorate these effects.

Effects of breeder hen age and dietaryL-carnitine on progeny embryogenesis

1. Ross 308 broiler breeder hens were given diets containing 0 or 25 mg L-carnitine/kg (8 replications per treatment) from 21 weeks of age. 2. Hens were inseminated with semen from Ross broiler breeder males. In a common facility, subsequent progeny hatchability and embryonic mortality at 25, 30, 32, and 38 weeks of breeder age were evaluated. 3. Subsequent egg component weights, incubational egg water loss, progeny embryo growth, and embryo, yolk sac and liver composition through 18 d of incubation at 27, 32, and 38 weeks of breeder age were evaluated. 4. Calculated additions of L-carnitine were in agreement with analysed contents of 3.5 and 31.1 mg free L-carnitine/kg of diet, respectively, and total L-carnitine concentrations increased by 48.6, 21.7, and 10.0% in 0-d yolk, 18-d yolk sac, and 18-d liver samples, respectively, due to the addition of dietary L-carnitine. 5. Supplemental L-carnitine resulted in increased (0.6%) relative 0-d egg yolk weight across weeks 27, 32, and 38, and reduced (0.38%) 18-d yolk sac palmitoleic acid concentration at week 27 without altering embryogenesis. 6. In conclusion, dietary L-carnitine (25 mg/kg of the diet) was deposited in the yolks of broiler breeder hens and was subsequently transferred to the embryonic liver via yolk sac absorption through 18 d of incubation. Furthermore, dietary L-carnitine supplementation increased ovarian follicle yolk deposition in 27-, 32-, and 38-week-old breeder hens, and influenced yolk sac fatty acid beta-oxidation in embryos from 27-week-old breeder hens causing yolk sac palmitoleic acid concentrations to be reduced by 18 d of incubation.

The effect of corticosterone-induced stress on amino acid digestibility in Ross broilers

Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to establish amino acid (AA) digestibility coefficients (DC) for broilers given corticosterone (CS)-induced stress using the apparent ileal digestibility assay. For Exp. 1, 192 Ross x Ross 708 male broilers were placed into 16 floor pens (12 birds/pen). For Exp. 2, 120 Ross x Ross 308 male broilers were placed into 10 floor pens (12 birds/pen). Pens contained nipple drinkers, pan feeders, and soft-wood shavings. Both experiments were completely randomized designs using pen as the experimental unit. In both experiments, chicks were given a common starter diet from d 1 to 20. From d 21 to 30, broilers were provided a control diet or the control + 15 mg of CS/kg of diet dissolved in soybean oil (8 and 5 replications/treatment in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). Diets were based on corn (65.07%) and soybean meal (26.36%) and contained an indigestible marker (chromic oxide 0.3%). Diets were formulated to contain 3,175 kcal of ME, 18.5% CP, 0.79% digestible TSAA, and 1.00% digestible Lys. Stress validation was accomplished by measuring BW gain, feed intake, and liver weight on d 30. Evidence that stress occurred was apparent due to the fact that broilers fed CS had lower BW gain and higher liver weight than those fed control. On d 30, the ileal contents were removed from 3 birds/pen, pooled, dried, and analyzed for AA content. Amino acid DC were calculated using the following equation: DC = 100 -(dietary marker % x ileal AA %) / (ileal marker % x dietary AA %) x 100. Amino acid digestibility did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments in either experiment. Based on this research, future research should be directed at establishing DC for other nutrients in stressed broilers or the effect of different nutrients on the stress response.