101
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102
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Outcomes of Adult Heart (HT) Versus Heart-Kidney (H+K) Transplant: Influence of CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) Stage. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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103
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104
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Influence of Pre-Transplant Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on Adult Heart Transplant (HT) Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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105
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Post-Heart Transplant (HT) Survival for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD). J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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106
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Human Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells Positive for Flt1 and Flt4 Surface Cell Markers Differentiate Into All Three Cell Types of the Cardiovascular Lineage. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.16.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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107
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Outcomes in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (ICM) Post-Heart Transplant (HT) by Era. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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108
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Does Gender Influence Survival of Heart Transplant (HT) Recipients Bridged with LVAD Support? J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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109
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SURVIVAL OF HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS BRIDGED WITH LVAD SUPPORT BY GENDER. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)60662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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110
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Characterization and therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45603. [PMID: 23056209 PMCID: PMC3467279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) have been identified within the developing mouse heart and differentiating pluripotent stem cells by intracellular transcription factors Nkx2.5 and Islet 1 (Isl1). Study of endogenous and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived CPCs has been limited due to the lack of specific cell surface markers to isolate them and conditions for their in vitro expansion that maintain their multipotency. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We sought to identify specific cell surface markers that label endogenous embryonic CPCs and validated these markers in iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs. We developed conditions that allow propagation and characterization of endogenous and iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs and protocols for their clonal expansion in vitro and transplantation in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of CPCs from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells identified a panel of surface markers. Comparison of these markers as well as previously described surface markers revealed the combination of Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) best identified and facilitated enrichment for Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs from embryonic hearts and differentiating iPSCs. Endogenous mouse and iPSC-derived Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) CPCs differentiated into all three cardiovascular lineages in vitro. Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) CPCs transplanted into left ventricles demonstrated robust engraftment and differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes (CMs). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The cell surface marker combination of Flt1 and Flt4 specifically identify and enrich for an endogenous and iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPC with trilineage cardiovascular potential in vitro and robust ability for engraftment and differentiation into morphologically and electrophysiologically mature adult CMs in vivo post transplantation into adult hearts.
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111
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Patients With Biventricular Mechanical Support Can Be Safely Discharged to Home To Await Heart Transplant. J Card Fail 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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112
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VEGF Receptors Identify a Multipotent Cardiovascular Progenitor Cell in Developing Hearts and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.209.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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113
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Induced pluripotent stem cells for regenerative cardiovascular therapies and biomedical discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:324-30. [PMID: 21371511 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) has, in the short time since their discovery, revolutionized the field of stem cell biology. This technology allows the generation of a virtually unlimited supply of cells with pluripotent potential similar to that of embryonic stem cells (ESC). However, in contrast to ESC, iPSC are not subject to the same ethical concerns and can be easily generated from living individuals. For the first time, patient-specific iPSC can be generated and offer a supply of genetically identical cells that can be differentiated into all somatic cell types for potential use in regenerative therapies or drug screening and testing. As the techniques for generation of iPSC lines are constantly evolving, new uses for human iPSC are emerging from in-vitro disease modeling to high throughput drug discovery and screening. This technology promises to revolutionize the field of medicine and offers new hope for understanding and treatment of numerous diseases.
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114
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Recapitulation of the embryonic cardiovascular progenitor cell niche. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2748-56. [PMID: 21257198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem or progenitor cell populations are often established in unique niche microenvironments that regulate cell fate decisions. Although niches have been shown to be critical for the normal development of several tissues, their role in the cardiovascular system is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the cardiovascular progenitor cell (CPC) niche in developing human and mouse hearts, identifying signaling pathways and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are crucial for CPC maintenance and expansion. We demonstrate that collagen IV (ColIV) and β-catenin-dependent signaling are essential for maintaining and expanding undifferentiated CPCs. Since niches are three-dimensional (3D) structures, we investigated the impact of a 3D microenvironment that mimics the in vivo niche ECM. Employing electrospinning technologies, 3D in vitro niche substrates were bioengineered to serve as culture inserts. The three-dimensionality of these structures increased mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation into CPCs when compared to 2D control cultures, which was further enhanced by incorporation of ColIV into the substrates. Inhibiting p300-dependent β-catenin signals with the small molecule IQ1 facilitated further expansion of CPCs. Our study represents an innovative approach to bioengineer cardiac niches that can serve as unique 3D in vitro systems to facilitate CPC expansion and study CPC biology.
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115
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Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88:513-4. [PMID: 19632403 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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116
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Abstract
AIMS To increase the supply, many countries harvest allograft valves from explanted hearts of transplant recipients with ischaemic (ICM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study determines the structural integrity of valves from cardiomyopathic hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Extracellular matrix (ECM) was examined in human valves obtained from normal, ICM, and DCM hearts. To confirm if ECM changes were directly related to the cardiomyopathy, we developed a porcine model of chronic ICM. Histology and immunohistostaining, as well as non-invasive multiphoton and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging revealed marked disruption of ECM structures in human valves from ICM and DCM hearts. The ECM was unaffected in valves from normal and acute ICM pigs, whereas chronic ICM specimens showed ECM alterations similar to those seen in ICM and DCM patients. Proteins and proteinases implicated in ECM remodelling, including Tenascin C, TGFbeta1, Cathepsin B, MMP2, were upregulated in human ICM and DCM, and porcine chronic ICM specimens. CONCLUSION Valves from cardiomyopathic hearts showed significant ECM deterioration with a disrupted collagen and elastic fibre network. It will be important to determine the impact of this ECM damage on valve durability and calcification in vivo if allografts are to be used from these donors.
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117
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Preferential expression and function of voltage-gated, O2-sensitive K+ channels in resistance pulmonary arteries explains regional heterogeneity in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: ionic diversity in smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 2004; 95:308-18. [PMID: 15217912 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000137173.42723.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is initiated by inhibition of O2-sensitive, voltage-gated (Kv) channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Kv inhibition depolarizes membrane potential (E(M)), thereby activating Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. HPV is weak in extrapulmonary, conduit pulmonary arteries (PA) and strong in precapillary resistance arteries. We hypothesized that regional heterogeneity in HPV reflects a longitudinal gradient in the function/expression of PASMC O2-sensitive Kv channels. In adult male Sprague Dawley rats, constrictions to hypoxia, the Kv blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and correolide, a Kv1.x channel inhibitor, were endothelium-independent and greater in resistance versus conduit PAs. Moreover, HPV was dependent on Kv-inhibition, being completely inhibited by pretreatment with 4-AP. Kv1.2, 1.5, Kv2.1, Kv3.1b, Kv4.3, and Kv9.3. mRNA increased as arterial caliber decreased; however, only Kv1.5 protein expression was greater in resistance PAs. Resistance PASMCs had greater K+ current (I(K)) and a more hyperpolarized E(M) and were uniquely O2- and correolide-sensitive. The O2-sensitive current (active at -65 mV) was resistant to iberiotoxin, with minimal tityustoxin sensitivity. In resistance PASMCs, 4-AP and hypoxia inhibited I(K) 57% and 49%, respectively, versus 34% for correolide. Intracellular administration of anti-Kv1.5 antibodies inhibited correolide's effects. The hypoxia-sensitive, correolide-insensitive I(K) (15%) was conducted by Kv2.1. Anti-Kv1.5 and anti-Kv2.1 caused additive depolarization in resistance PASMCs (Kv1.5>Kv2.1) and inhibited hypoxic depolarization. Heterologously expressed human PASMC Kv1.5 generated an O2- and correolide-sensitive I(K) like that in resistance PASMCs. In conclusion, Kv1.5 and Kv2.1 account for virtually all the O2-sensitive current. HPV occurs in a Kv-enriched resistance zone because resistance PASMCs preferentially express O2-sensitive Kv-channels.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Ion Channel Gating/drug effects
- Ion Transport/drug effects
- Kv1.5 Potassium Channel
- Male
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Oxygen/pharmacology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Potassium/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/biosynthesis
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/genetics
- Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/physiology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Circulation/drug effects
- Pulmonary Circulation/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Scorpion Venoms/pharmacology
- Shab Potassium Channels
- Transduction, Genetic
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
- Vascular Resistance/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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118
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O2 sensing in the human ductus arteriosus: regulation of voltage-gated K+ channels in smooth muscle cells by a mitochondrial redox sensor. Circ Res 2002; 91:478-86. [PMID: 12242265 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000035057.63303.d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional closure of the human ductus arteriosus (DA) is initiated within minutes of birth by O2 constriction. It occurs by an incompletely understood mechanism that is intrinsic to the DA smooth muscle cell (DASMC). We hypothesized that O2 alters the function of an O2 sensor (the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ETC) thereby increasing production of a diffusible redox-mediator (H2O2), thus triggering an effector mechanism (inhibition of DASMC voltage-gated K+ channels, Kv). O2 constriction was evaluated in 26 human DAs (12 female, aged 9+/-2 days) studied in their normal hypoxic state or after normoxic tissue culture. In fresh, hypoxic DAs, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a Kv inhibitor, and O2 cause similar constriction and K+ current inhibition (I(K)). Tissue culture for 72 hours, particularly in normoxia, causes ionic remodeling, characterized by decreased O2 and 4-AP constriction in DA rings and reduced O2- and 4-AP-sensitive I(K) in DASMCs. Remodeled DAMSCs are depolarized and express less O2-sensitive channels (including Kv2.1, Kv1.5, Kv9.3, Kv4.3, and BK(Ca)). Kv2.1 adenoviral gene-transfer significantly reverses ionic remodeling, partially restoring both the electrophysiological and tone responses to 4-AP and O2. In fresh DASMCs, ETC inhibitors (rotenone and antimycin) mimic hypoxia, increasing I(K) and reversing constriction to O2, but not phenylephrine. O2 increases, whereas hypoxia and ETC inhibitors decrease H2O2 production by altering mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim). H2O2, like O2, inhibits I(K) and depolarizes DASMCs. We conclude that O2 controls human DA tone by modulating the function of the mitochondrial ETC thereby varying DeltaPsim and the production of H2O2, which regulates DASMC Kv channel activity and DA tone.
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Abstract
Renal arteries (RAs) dilate in response to hypoxia, whereas the pulmonary arteries (PAs) constrict. In the PA, O2 tension is detected by an unidentified redox sensor, which controls K+ channel function and thus smooth muscle cell (SMC) membrane potential and cytosolic calcium. Mitochondria are important regulators of cellular redox status and are candidate vascular O2 sensors. Mitochondria-derived activated oxygen species (AOS), like H2O2, can diffuse to the cytoplasm and cause vasodilatation by activating sarcolemmal K+ channels. We hypothesize that mitochondrial diversity between vascular beds explains the opposing responses to hypoxia in PAs versus RAs. The effects of hypoxia and proximal electron transport chain (pETC) inhibitors (rotenone and antimycin A) were compared in rat isolated arteries, vascular SMCs, and perfused organs. Hypoxia and pETC inhibitors decrease production of AOS and outward K+ current and constrict PAs while increasing AOS production and outward K+ current and dilating RAs. At baseline, lung mitochondria have lower respiratory rates and higher rates of AOS and H2O2 production. Similarly, production of AOS and H2O2 is greater in PA versus RA rings. SMC mitochondrial membrane potential is more depolarized in PAs versus RAs. These differences relate in part to the lower expression of proximal ETC components and greater expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase in PAs versus RAs. Differential regulation of a tonically produced, mitochondria-derived, vasodilating factor, possibly H2O2, can explain the opposing effects of hypoxia on the PAs versus RAs. We conclude that the PA and RA have different mitochondria.
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120
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Gene transfer in human pulmonary arteries using adenoviral vectors: increasing expression and activity of potassium channels. J Heart Lung Transplant 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(01)00463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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121
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Impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in mice lacking the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5. FASEB J 2001; 15:1801-3. [PMID: 11481235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0649fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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122
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The proximal mitochondrial electron transport chain regulates O2 sensing in the human ductus arteriosus. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2828(01)90682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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123
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Abstract
Intrapulmonary veins (PVs) contribute to pulmonary vascular resistance, but the mechanisms controlling PV tone are poorly understood. Although smooth muscle cell (SMC) K+ channels regulate tone in most vascular beds, their role in PV tone is unknown. We show that voltage-gated (KV) and inward rectifier (Kir) K+ channels control resting PV tone in the rat. PVs have a coaxial structure, with layers of cardiomyocytes (CMs) arrayed externally around a subendothelial layer of typical SMCs, thus forming spinchterlike structures. PVCMs have both an inward current, inhibited by low-dose Ba2+, and an outward current, inhibited by 4-aminopyridine. In contrast, PVSMCs lack inward currents, and their outward current is inhibited by tetraethylammonium (5 mM) and 4-aminopyridine. Several KV, Kir, and large-conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+channels are present in PVs. Immunohistochemistry showed that Kir channels are present in PVCMs and PV endothelial cells but not in PVSMCs. We conclude that K+ channels are present and functionally important in rat PVs. PVCMs form sphincters rich in Kir channels, which may modulate venous return both physiologically and in disease states including pulmonary edema.
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MESH Headings
- 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Barium/pharmacology
- Cell Separation
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Glyburide/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Potassium Channel Blockers
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying
- Pulmonary Circulation/physiology
- Pulmonary Veins/cytology
- Pulmonary Veins/metabolism
- Pulmonary Veins/ultrastructure
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tetraethylammonium/pharmacology
- Vascular Resistance/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/physiology
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