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Kerry C, Mitchell S, Sharma S, Scott A, Rayman G. Diurnal temporal patterns of hypoglycaemia in hospitalized people with diabetes may reveal potentially correctable factors. Diabet Med 2013; 30:1403-6. [PMID: 23756250 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether diurnal temporal variations in hypoglycaemic frequency occur in hospitalized patients. METHODS Hypoglycaemic events were identified in a snapshot bedside audit of capillary blood glucose results from diabetes charts of all inpatients receiving insulin or a sulphonylurea (with or without insulin) on 2 days separated by 6 weeks. Additionally, capillary blood glucose measurements were remotely captured over 2 months, in the same category of patients, and analysed for temporal patterns. Hypoglycaemia was defined as 'severe' when the capillary blood glucose was < 3.0 mmol/l and 'mild' when the capillary blood glucose was between 3.0 and 3.9 mmol/l. RESULTS The bedside audit found that 74% of those audited experienced a hypoglycaemia event. Eighty-three per cent of all hypoglycaemic events and 70% of severe events were recorded between 21.00 and 09.00 h. This was confirmed in the longer duration remote monitoring study where 70% of all hypoglycaemic events and 66% of severe events occurred between 21.00 and 09.00 h. CONCLUSION Hypoglycaemia occurs more frequently between 21.00 and 09.00 h in hospitalized patients receiving treatments that can cause hypoglycaemia. This may be related to insufficient carbohydrate intake during this period, and is potentially preventable by changes in catering practice.
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Pingel J, Wienecke J, Kongsgaard M, Behzad H, Abraham T, Langberg H, Scott A. Increased mast cell numbers in a calcaneal tendon overuse model. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 23:e353-60. [PMID: 23889295 PMCID: PMC4282450 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is often discovered late because the initial development of tendon pathology is asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to examine the potential role of mast cell involvement in early tendinopathy using a high-intensity uphill running (HIUR) exercise model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: running group (n = 12); sedentary control group (n = 12). The running-group was exposed to the HIUR exercise protocol for 7 weeks. The calcaneal tendons of both hind limbs were dissected. The right tendon was used for histologic analysis using Bonar score, immunohistochemistry, and second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM). The left tendon was used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. An increased tendon cell density in the runners were observed compared to the controls (P = 0.05). Further, the intensity of immunostaining of protein kinase B, P = 0.03; 2.75 ± 0.54 vs 1.17 ± 0.53, was increased in the runners. The Bonar score (P = 0.05), and the number of mast cells (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in the runners compared to the controls. Furthermore, SHGM showed focal collagen disorganization in the runners, and reduced collagen density (P = 0.03). IL-3 mRNA levels were correlated with mast cell number in sedentary animals. The qPCR analysis showed no significant differences between the groups in the other analyzed targets. The current study demonstrates that 7-week HIUR causes structural changes in the calcaneal tendon, and further that these changes are associated with an increased mast cell density.
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Harstall C, Moga C, Scott A, Taenzer P, Findlay T. 037 Updating an Adapted CPG: When Is Enough Enough? BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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104
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Malek R, Mulka L, King G, Scott A, Wilkinson D. P3.308 The Changing Male Sex Worker Population in London (2002 – 2012). Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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105
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Scott A. SYMPOSIUM SPONSORS AND COMMITTEE MEMBERS. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fong G, Backman LJ, Andersson G, Scott A, Danielson P. HUMAN TENOCYTES ARE STIMULATED TO PROLIFERATE BY ACETYLCHOLINE THROUGH AN EGFR SIGNALLING PATHWAY. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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107
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Eiser C, Johnson B, Brierley S, Ayling K, Young V, Bottrell K, Whitehead V, Elliott J, Scott A, Heller S. Using the Medical Research Council framework to develop a complex intervention to improve delivery of care for young people with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2013; 30:e223-8. [PMID: 23510142 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We describe how we have used the development phase of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Guidelines to construct a complex intervention to improve physical and psychological health among young people (16-21 years) with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS We consulted previous reviews where available and conducted systematic searches of electronic databases to determine physical and mental health among the population, audited medical records, surveyed self-reported psychological health among our clinic population; and interviewed staff (n = 13), young people (n = 27) and parents (n = 18) about their views of current care. RESULTS Our audit (n = 96) confirmed a high HbA1c [86 mmol/mol (10.0%)] and one third (36.1%) reported significant eating problems. Young people did not attend 12% of their clinic appointments. Staff described difficulties communicating with young people who wanted staff to take account of their individual lifestyle when giving information. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the systematic reviews and our audit, we concluded that there was sufficient evidence to justify development of a model of care specific to this age group. The components of the complex intervention include changes to standard care, an optional 5-day self-management course directed at young people and a separate family communication programme. The MRC Guidelines provided a valuable structure to guide development and evaluation of this intervention.
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Scott A, Zhou Y, Allahverdian J. SU-C-134-04: Accuracy of Material Decomposition Calculations by Gemstone Spectral Imaging. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4813979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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109
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Dirks RC, Fearon AM, Scott A, Galley MR, Koch LG, Britton SL, Warden SJ. THE EFFECTS OF UPHILL TREADMILL RUNNING AND COLLAGENASE ON RODENT ACHILLES TENDONS. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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110
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Lundgreen K, Lian Ø, Scott A, Engebretsen L. FULL-THICKNESS SUPRASPINATUS TEARS DEMONSTRATE SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION OF MUSCLE REGENERATIVE POTENTIAL. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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111
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Glasgow A, Weldon S, Scott A, McLean D, Camper N, Lundy F, McNally P, Elborn J, Taggart C. 163 A role for the WFDC protein, WAP2, in the regulation of inflammatory response in the lung. J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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112
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Goetz T, Okada M, Scott A, Pike J. CHRONIC DISTAL BICEPS TENDON RUPTURE: RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF OUTOCOMES OF A NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF RECONSTRUCTION WITH TENDON GRAFT. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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113
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Fearon A, Dahlstrom JE, Twin J, Cook J, Scott A. LIGHT MICROSCOPY EVALUATION OF TENDINOSIS: THE BONAR SCORE REVISITED. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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114
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Zhou Y, Scott A, Allahverdian J. TU-C-103-03: On the Relationship of Minimum Detectable Contrast to Dose and Lesion Size in Abdominal CT. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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115
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Attia M, Scott A, Menashi S, Papy-Garcia D, Martelly I, Tassoni MC. EARLY PATHOLOGICAL REMODELLING EVENTS, ACTORS AND REGULATORS IN OVERUSED SUPRASPINATUS TENDON. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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116
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Attia M, Carpentier G, Etienne S, Thierart S, Scott A, Oystein L, Papy-Garcia D, Tassoni MC, Martelly I. HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GAGS IN ALTERED TENDON: A MEANS TO EVALUATE THE DEGREE OF PATHOLOGY. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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117
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Huisman E, Thornton G, Roberts C, Scott A. IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY TENDON DEGENERATION USING AN IN-VIVO RABBIT MODEL. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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118
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Behzad H, Scott A. EFFECTS OF MAST CELLS ON THE FUNCTION OF ISOLATED HUMAN TENOCYTES. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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119
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Fearon AM, Cook JL, Smith P, Scott A. GENE EXPRESSION IN TENOCYTES SUGGESTS DEGNERATIVE TENDON TEARS ATTEMPT TO HEAL. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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120
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Lundgreen K, Lian Ø, Scott A, Engebretsen L. INCREASED LEVELS OF APOPTOSIS AND P53 IN PARTIAL-THICKNESS SUPRASPINATUS TENDON TEARS. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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121
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Hoens AM, Ezzat A, Anthony J, Scott A, Yates M, Justesen JR, Hughes D. A KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION INITIATIVE TO ENHANCE EVIDENCE-INFORMED CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY: THE PURPOSE, PROCESS AND OUTCOMES OF THE BC TENDINOPATHY TOOLKIT. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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123
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Mousavizadeh R, Duronio V, McCormack B, Khosravi S, Scott A. MECHANICAL LOADING MODULATES ANGIOGENIC FACTORS IN TENDON CELLS. Br J Sports Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092459.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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125
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Khot A, Ritchie D, Neeson P, Peinert S, Tai T, Kravets L, Chen K, Hoenemann D, Shin M, Tainton K, Westwood J, Kershaw M, Haurat J, Trapani J, Smyth M, Darcy P, Scott A, Wall D, Gambell P, Dickinson M, Westerman D, Hicks R, Prince M. Autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes transduced with an anti lewisy chimeric receptor gene can be infused safely and persist in patients with lewisy positive acute myeloid leukaemia. Cytotherapy 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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126
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Baker A, Clark C, Ciurlionis L, Distefano G, Hatton M, Jain P, Lilley J, Mayles H, Miles E, Scott A, Webster G. 177 Clinical implementation of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for NSCLC in the UK. Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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127
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Ferreira PF, Nielles-Vallespin S, Gatehouse PD, de Silva R, Keegan J, Speier P, Feiweier T, Reese TG, Ismail TF, Scott A, Mekkaoui C, Sosnovik DE, Firmin D. Improved navigator based diffusion tensor MRI of the human heart in vivo. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3560085 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-w25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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128
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Ferreira PF, Nielles-Vallespin S, Gatehouse PD, de Silva R, Keegan J, Speier P, Feiweier T, Reese TG, Ismail TF, Scott A, Mekkaoui C, Sosnovik DE, Firmin D. Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging: helix angle (HA) healthy statistical average technique for HA quantification in vivo. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3560081 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-w7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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129
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Scott A. Clinical Practice of Biological Monitoring. Occup Med (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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130
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Scott A. The Scottish Medical Service Emergency Committee. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2012. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2012.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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131
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Liew M, Murone C, Walkiewicz M, Mitchell P, Gan H, Barnett S, Russell P, Wright G, Scott A, John T. Correlation of wtEGFR Activation Assessed by mAB806 Binding and EGFR Kinase Mutations in Stage IIIA N2 NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)34250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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132
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Scott A, Ejikeme CS, Clottey EN, Thomas JG. Obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: development of an ecological theoretical framework. Health Promot Int 2012; 28:4-16. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/das038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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133
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Aine CJ, Sanfratello L, Ranken D, Best E, MacArthur JA, Wallace T, Gilliam K, Donahue CH, Montaño R, Bryant JE, Scott A, Stephen JM. MEG-SIM: a web portal for testing MEG analysis methods using realistic simulated and empirical data. Neuroinformatics 2012; 10:141-58. [PMID: 22068921 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-011-9132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MEG and EEG measure electrophysiological activity in the brain with exquisite temporal resolution. Because of this unique strength relative to noninvasive hemodynamic-based measures (fMRI, PET), the complementary nature of hemodynamic and electrophysiological techniques is becoming more widely recognized (e.g., Human Connectome Project). However, the available analysis methods for solving the inverse problem for MEG and EEG have not been compared and standardized to the extent that they have for fMRI/PET. A number of factors, including the non-uniqueness of the solution to the inverse problem for MEG/EEG, have led to multiple analysis techniques which have not been tested on consistent datasets, making direct comparisons of techniques challenging (or impossible). Since each of the methods is known to have their own set of strengths and weaknesses, it would be beneficial to quantify them. Toward this end, we are announcing the establishment of a website containing an extensive series of realistic simulated data for testing purposes ( http://cobre.mrn.org/megsim/ ). Here, we present: 1) a brief overview of the basic types of inverse procedures; 2) the rationale and description of the testbed created; and 3) cases emphasizing functional connectivity (e.g., oscillatory activity) suitable for a wide assortment of analyses including independent component analysis (ICA), Granger Causality/Directed transfer function, and single-trial analysis.
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Arul GS, Reynolds J, DiRusso S, Scott A, Bree S, Templeton P, Midwinter MJ. Paediatric admissions to the British military hospital at Camp Bastion, Afghanistan. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2012. [PMID: 22524930 DOI: 10.1308/003588412x13171221499027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION International humanitarian law requires emergency medical support for both military personnel and civilians, including children. Here we present a detailed review of paediatric admissions with the pattern of injury and the resources they consume. METHODS All paediatric admissions to the hospital at Camp Bastion between 1 January and 29 April 2011 were analysed prospectively. Data collected included time and date of admission, patient age and weight, mechanism of injury, extent of wounding, treatment, length of hospital stay and discharge destination. RESULTS Eighty-five children (65 boys and 17 girls, median age: 8 years, median weight: 20 kg) were admitted. In 63% of cases the indication for admission was battle related trauma and in 31% non-battle trauma. Of the blast injuries, 51% were due to improvised explosive devices. Non-battle emergencies were mainly due to domestic burns (46%) and road traffic accidents (29%). The most affected anatomical area was the extremities (44% of injuries). Over 30% of patients had critical injuries. Operative intervention was required in 74% of cases. The median time to theatre for all patients was 52 minutes; 3 patients with critical injuries went straight to theatre in a median of 7 minutes. A blood transfusion was required in 27 patients; 6 patients needed a massive transfusion. Computed tomography was performed on 62% of all trauma admissions and 40% of patients went to the intensive care unit. The mean length of stay was 2 days (range: 1-26 days) and there were 7 deaths. CONCLUSIONS Paediatric admissions make up a small but significant part of admissions to the hospital at Camp Bastion. The proportion of serious injuries is very high in comparison with admissions to a UK paediatric emergency department. The concentration of major injuries means that lessons learnt in terms of teamwork, the speed of transfer to theatre and massive transfusion protocols could be applied to UK paediatric practice.
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Wada M, Chang J, Anderson N, Joon DL, Lee S, Gan H, Khoo V, Scott A. EP-1188 IMPROVING TUMOUR CONTROL IN HYPOXIC HEAD AND NECK CANCERS USING FMISO PET-BASED RADIOTHERAPY DOSE PAINTING. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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136
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Burdette D, Gil-Nagel A, Scott A, Lee WJ, McDonald S, DeRossett S. Does Geographic Region Impact the Efficacy of Ezogabine/Retigabine in Adults with Partial-Onset Seizures? Analysis of US vs Non-US Results (P06.123). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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137
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French J, Brodie M, McDonald S, Scott A, Adams B, Nohria V, DeRossett S. Adjunctive Use of Ezogabine/Retigabine with Either Traditional Sodium Channel Blocker or Non-Sodium Channel Blocker Antiepileptic Drugs: Evaluation of Safety and Tolerability (P06.098). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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138
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Brodie M, French J, McDonald S, Scott A, Lee WJ, Nohria V, DeRossett S. Adjunctive Use of Ezogabine/Retigabine with Either Traditional Sodium Channel Blocker or Non-Sodium Channel Blocker Antiepileptic Drugs: Evaluation of Efficacy (P06.097). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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139
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140
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Kelley-Quon L, Tseng C, Scott A, Jen H, Calkins K, Shew S. Does Hospital Transfer Predict Mortality in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Requiring Surgery for Necrotizing Enterocolitis? J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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141
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Backman LJ, Andersson G, Fong G, Alfredson H, Scott A, Danielson P. Alpha-2 adrenergic stimulation triggers Achilles tenocyte hypercellularity: Comparison between two model systems. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 23:687-96. [PMID: 22292987 PMCID: PMC3933766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The histopathology of tendons with painful tendinopathy is often tendinosis, a fibrosis-like condition of unclear pathogenesis characterized by tissue changes including hypercellularity. The primary tendon cells (tenocytes) have been shown to express adrenoreceptors (mainly alpha-2A) as well as markers of catecholamine production, particularly in tendinosis. It is known that adrenergic stimulation can induce proliferation in other cells. The present study investigated the effects of an exogenously administered alpha-2 adrenergic agonist in an established in vivo Achilles tendinosis model (rabbit) and also in an in vitro human tendon cell culture model. The catecholamine producing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase and the alpha-2A-adrenoreceptor (α2A AR) were expressed by tenocytes, and alpha-2 adrenergic stimulation had a proliferative effect on these cells, in both models. The proliferation was inhibited by administration of an α2A AR antagonist, and the in vitro model further showed that the proliferative alpha-2A effect was mediated via a mitogenic cell signaling pathway involving phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. The results indicate that catecholamines produced by tenocytes in tendinosis might contribute to the proliferative nature of the pathology through stimulation of the α2A AR, pointing to a novel target for future therapies. The study furthermore shows that animal models are not necessarily required for all aspects of this research.
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Deng W, Gopal YNV, Scott A, Chen G, Woodman SE, Davies MA. Role and therapeutic potential of PI3K-mTOR signaling in de novo resistance to BRAF inhibition. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:248-58. [PMID: 22171948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BRAF inhibition is highly active in BRAF-mutant melanoma, but the degree and duration of responses is quite variable. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of de novo resistance may lead to rational therapeutic strategies with improved efficacy. Proteomic analysis of BRAF-mutant, PTEN-wild-type human melanoma cell lines treated with PLX4720 demonstrated that sensitive and de novo resistant lines exhibit similar RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway inhibition, but the resistant cells exhibited durable activation of S6 and P70S6K. Treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked activation of P70S6K and S6, but it also increased activation of AKT and failed to induce cell death. Combined treatment with rapamycin and PX-866, a PI3K inhibitor, blocked the activation of S6 and AKT and resulted in marked cell death when combined with PLX4720. The results support the rationale for combined targeting of BRAF and the PI3K-AKT pathways and illustrate how target selection will be critical to such strategies.
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Lamanna A, Scott A, Bilesky J, Cullen L, Greenslade J, Brown A, Denaro C, Parsonage W. The Utility of Exercise Stress Test in the Risk Stratification of Women Aged 40–54 Years with Suspected Intermediate Risk Acute Coronary Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Edge TA, El-Shaarawi A, Gannon V, Jokinen C, Kent R, Khan IUH, Koning W, Lapen D, Miller J, Neumann N, Phillips R, Robertson W, Schreier H, Scott A, Shtepani I, Topp E, Wilkes G, van Bochove E. Investigation of an Escherichia coli environmental benchmark for waterborne pathogens in agricultural watersheds in Canada. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2012; 41:21-30. [PMID: 22218170 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Canada's National Agri-Environmental Standards Initiative sought to develop an environmental benchmark for low-level waterborne pathogen occurrence in agricultural watersheds. A field study collected 902 water samples from 27 sites in four intensive agricultural watersheds across Canada from 2005 to 2007. Four of the sites were selected as reference sites away from livestock and human fecal pollution sources in each watershed. Water samples were analyzed for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., and the water quality indicator E. coli. The annual mean number of pathogen species was higher at agricultural sites (1.54 ± 0.07 species per water sample) than at reference sites (0.75 ± 0.14 species per water sample). The annual mean concentration of E. coli was also higher at agricultural sites (491 ± 96 colony-forming units [cfu] 100 mL(-1)) than at reference sites (53 ± 18 cfu 100 mL(-1)). The feasibility of adopting existing E. coli water quality guideline values as an environmental benchmark was assessed, but waterborne pathogens were detected at agricultural sites in 80% of water samples with low E. coli concentrations (<100 cfu 100 mL(-1)). Instead, an approach was developed based on using the natural background occurrence of pathogens at reference sites in agricultural watersheds to derive provisional environmental benchmarks for pathogens at agricultural sites. The environmental benchmarks that were derived were found to represent E. coli values lower than geometric mean values typically found in recreational water quality guidelines. Additional research is needed to investigate environmental benchmarks for waterborne pathogens within the context of the "One World, One Health" perspective for protecting human, domestic animal, and wildlife health.
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Baker J, Liu ML, Crager M, Stephans J, Pho M, Jeong J, Scott A, Ambannavar R, Morlan J, Pelham R, Qu K, Mena RR, Esteban J, Collin F, Sinicropi D. PD03-09: Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Probed by Whole Transcriptome Next Generation Sequencing in 136 Patients. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-pd03-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: RNA biomarkers discovered by RT-PCR-based gene expression profiling of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue are the basis for very precise and sensitive clinical diagnostic tests, such as the 21 gene Oncotype DX® breast cancer assay. Both inherent limits of technical scalability and the small amounts of patient FFPE RNA available place practical constraints on the number of transcripts that can be interrogated by RT-PCR. We developed new methods for RNA profiling through massively parallel “next generation” sequencing (RNA-Seq) of archival FFPE specimens. We report here the technical performance of this methodology and compare the results to RT-PCR results obtained in one of the studies that were carried out to develop the 21 gene assay.
Methods: RNA was extracted in 2002 from 136 invasive breast tumors that were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded between 1990 and 1997. RNA-Seq was carried out using minor modifications to methods we have reported previously (Sinicropi et al., Advances in Genome Biology and Technology Conference, p. 170, 2010 and p. 198, 2011). Briefly, 0.1 mg of total RNA was selectively depleted of ribosomal RNA and sequencing libraries were prepared using a modification of the ScriptSeq™ kit from Epicentre. The libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 instrument with multiplexing of two libraries per lane for 50 cycles in one direction. The resulting FASTQ sequences were mapped to version hg19 of the human genome using the Illumina CASAVA pipeline. The total number of sequences (reads) that uniquely mapped to all exons of each RefSeq entry was used for quantification of expression levels.
Results: On average, there were 43 million reads per sample (range 31 - 58 million; SD=4.6 million) of which 69% uniquely mapped to the human genome. Ribosomal RNA was effectively removed and accounted for <0.3% of total counts. Significant coverage of a high proportion of the human genome was obtained, with 40% of RefSeq transcripts represented by a median of more than 100 reads. Using Cox proportional hazards analysis to evaluate the association of quantitative gene expression with breast cancer recurrence, the standardized hazard ratios and p-values for the 21 Oncotype DX genes determined by RNA-Seq were comparable to those originally obtained using RT-PCR. Moreover, whole transcriptome RNA-Seq identified more than 1800 new coding, intronic, and intergenic transcripts that strongly associated with breast cancer recurrence risk (at a false discovery rate <10%) and revealed heretofore unappreciated co-expressed gene networks. Summary: New methodology has been developed for application of next generation sequencing-based whole transcriptome profiling to small amounts of archival FFPE tissue. This technology has sensitivity and selectivity comparable to RT-PCR, can provide a vast increase in the number of interrogated transcripts, can reveal new biological relationships, and has excellent performance suitable for the discovery of RNA biomarkers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD03-09.
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146
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Scott A. How to Read a Paper--The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine. Occup Med (Lond) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqr138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shoemaker JM, Holdsworth MT, Aine C, Calhoun VD, de La Garza R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Hayek R, Mayer AR, Kiehl KA, Petree LE, Sanjuan P, Scott A, Stephen J, Phillips JP. A practical approach to incidental findings in neuroimaging research. Neurology 2011; 77:2123-7. [PMID: 22131543 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31823d7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We describe the systematic approach to incidental findings (IFs) used at the Mind Research Network (MRN) where all MRI scans receive neuroradiologist interpretation and participants are provided results. METHODS From 2004 to 2011, 8,545 MRI scans were acquired by 45 researchers. As mandated by MRN's external institutional review board, all structural sequences were evaluated by a clinical neuroradiologist who generated a report that included recommendations for referral if indicated. Investigators received a copy of their participants' reports, which were also mailed to participants unless they specifically declined. To better understand the impact of the radiology review process, a financial analysis was completed in addition to a follow-up phone survey to characterize participant perceptions regarding receiving their MRI scan results. RESULTS The radiologist identified IFs in 34% of the 4,447 participants. Of those with IFs (n = 1,518), the radiologist recommended urgent or immediate referral for 2.5% and routine referral for 17%. For 80.5%, no referral was recommended. Estimated annual cost for this approach including support for the neuroradiologist, medical director, and ancillary staff is approximately $60,000 or $24/scan. The results of the retrospective phone survey showed that 92% of participants appreciated receiving their MRI report, and the majority stated it increased their likelihood of volunteering for future studies. CONCLUSIONS Addressing IFs in a cost-effective and consistent manner is possible by adopting a policy that provides neuroradiology interpretation and offers participant assistance with clinical follow-up when necessary. Our experience suggests that an ethical, institution-wide approach to IFs can be implemented with minimal investigator burden.
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Wilkes G, Edge TA, Gannon VPJ, Jokinen C, Lyautey E, Neumann NF, Ruecker N, Scott A, Sunohara M, Topp E, Lapen DR. Associations among pathogenic bacteria, parasites, and environmental and land use factors in multiple mixed-use watersheds. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:5807-25. [PMID: 21889781 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over a five year period (2004-08), 1171 surface water samples were collected from up to 24 sampling locations representing a wide range of stream orders, in a river basin in eastern Ontario, Canada. Water was analyzed for Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cyst densities, the presence of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The study objective was to explore associations among pathogen densities/occurrence and objectively defined land use, weather, hydrologic, and water quality variables using CART (Classification and Regression Tree) and binary logistical regression techniques. E. coli O157:H7 detections were infrequent, but detections were related to upstream livestock pasture density; 20% of the detections were located where cattle have access to the watercourses. The ratio of detections:non-detections for Campylobacter spp. was relatively higher (>1) when mean air temperatures were 6% below mean study period temperature values (relatively cooler periods). Cooler water temperatures, which can promote bacteria survival and represent times when land applications of manure typically occur (spring and fall), may have promoted increased frequency of Campylobacter spp. Fifty-nine percent of all Salmonella spp. detections occurred when river discharge on a branch of the river system of Shreve stream order = 9550 was >83 percentile. Hydrological events that promote off farm/off field/in stream transport must manifest themselves in order for detection of Salmonella spp. to occur in surface water in this region. Fifty seven percent of L. monocytogenes detections occurred in spring, relative to other seasons. It was speculated that a combination of winter livestock housing, silage feeding during winter, and spring application of manure that accrued during winter, contributed to elevated occurrences of this pathogen in spring. Cryptosporidium and Giardia oocyst and cyst densities were, overall, positively associated with surface water discharge, and negatively associated with air/water temperature during spring-summer-fall. Yet, some of the highest Cryptosporidium oocyst densities were associated with low discharge conditions on smaller order streams, suggesting wildlife as a contributing fecal source. Fifty six percent of all detections of ≥ 2 bacteria pathogens (including Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and E. coli O157:H7) in water was associated with lower water temperatures (<∼ 14 °C; primarily spring and fall) and when total rainfall the week prior to sampling was >∼ 27 mm (62 percentile). During higher water temperatures (>∼ 14 °C), a higher amount of weekly rainfall was necessary to promote detection of ≥ 2 pathogens (primarily summer; weekly rainfall ∼>42 mm (>77 percentile); 15% of all ≥ 2 detections). Less rainfall may have been necessary to mobilize pathogens from adjacent land, and/or in stream sediments, during cooler water conditions; as these are times when manures are applied to fields in the area, and soil water contents and water table depths are relatively higher. Season, stream order, turbidity, mean daily temperature, surface water discharge, cropland coverage, and nearest upstream distance to a barn and pasture were variables that were relatively strong and recurrent with regard to discriminating pathogen presence and absence, and parasite densities in surface water in the region.
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Waterstram-Rich K, Hogg P, Testanera G, Medvedec H, Dennan SE, Knapp W, Thomas N, Hunt K, Pickett M, Scott A, Dillehay G. Euro-American Discussion Document on Entry-Level and Advanced Practice in Nuclear Medicine. J Nucl Med Technol 2011; 39:240-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.111.096354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Scott A, Danielson P, Abraham T, Fong G, Sampaio AV, Underhill TM. Mechanical force modulates scleraxis expression in bioartificial tendons. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2011; 11:124-132. [PMID: 21625049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Following tendon injury, cartilage, bone and fat metaplasia are often observed, making the optimization of tenocyte differentiation an important clinical goal. In this study we examined the effect of static and cyclic mechanical loading on the expression of genes which play a role in tenocyte differentiation and function, namely scleraxis (Scx) and Type I collagen (Col1a1), and determined the effect of varying mechanical parameters including (1) static vs dynamic load, (2) increasing strain magnitude, (3) inclusion of 10 s rest periods, and (4) increasing cycle number. Cyclic loading resulted in a greater increase of tenocyte gene expression than static loading over 3 weeks in culture. Increasing strain levels potentiated the induction of tenocyte genes. The insertion of a 10 s rest periods further enhanced tenocyte gene expression, as did increasing repetition numbers. These results suggest that mechanical signaling exerts an important influence on the expression of genes which play a role in determining the tendon phenotype. Further work is required to confirm and extend these findings in primary cells such as resident tendon progenitor/stem cells, in order to provide an improved understanding of biology from which optimized rehabilitation programs can be developed.
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