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Sonis J, Mort E, Natsui S, Goldsmith A, Joseph T, White B, Raja A, Aaronson E. 18 Listening to Our Patients' Concerns: A Call to Focus Experience Efforts on Communication and Compassion. Ann Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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52
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Vasanthakumar V, Saranya A, Raja A, Prakash S, Anbarasu V, Priya P, Raj V. The synthesis, characterization, removal of toxic metal ions and in vitro biological applications of a sulfanilamide–salicylic acid–formaldehyde terpolymer. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SASF terpolymer possess great applications for removal of heavy metal ions from environmental and industrial wastes.
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Raja A, Kathiresan N. P0126 Role of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in carcinoma of the penis with or without palpable nodes. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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54
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Renuka Devi K, Raja A, Srinivasan K. Ultrasound assisted nucleation and growth characteristics of glycine polymorphs--a combined experimental and analytical approach. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 24:107-113. [PMID: 25465875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the effect of ultrasound in the diagnostic frequency range of 1-10 MHz on the nucleation and growth characteristics of glycine has been explored. The investigation employing the ultrasonic interferometer was carried out at a constant insonation time over a wide range of relative supersaturation from σ=-0.09 to 0.76 in the solution. Ultrasound promotes only α nucleation and completely inhibits both the β and γ nucleation in the system. The propagation of ultrasound assisted mass transport facilitates nucleation even at very low supersaturation levels in the solution. The presence of ultrasound exhibits a profound effect on nucleation and growth characteristics in terms of decrease in induction period, increase in nucleation rate and decrease in crystal size than its absence in the solution. With an increase in the frequency of ultrasound, a further decrease in induction period, increase in nucleation rate and decrease in the size of the crystal is noticed even at the same relative supersaturation levels. The increase in the nucleation rate explains the combined dominating effects of both the ultrasound frequency and the supersaturation in the solution. Analytically, the nucleation parameters of the nucleated polymorph have been deduced at different ultrasonic frequencies based on the classical nucleation theory and correlations with the experimental results have been obtained. Structural affirmation of the nucleated polymorph has been ascertained by powder X-ray diffraction.
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Chandrasekar A, Raja A, Dhinakar Raj G, Thangavelu A, Kumanan K. Rapid Detection of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus by Reverse Transcriptase-Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:815-820. [PMID: 32226206 PMCID: PMC7100760 DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A reverse-transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was developed for rapid diagnosis of infectious bronchitis (IB) in poultry by targeting the spike protein 2 gene (S2). RT-LAMP primers were designed for IBV-S2 targets and optimized to run at 60 °C for 45 min. As compared with RT-PCR, RT-LAMP was 100 times more sensitive for IBV-S2 gene. RT-LAMP showed specific amplification with IB viral genome but not with other avian respiratory pathogens due to their mismatching with IBV-S2-RT-LAMP primers. RT-LAMP reaction products were visually detected by the addition of propidium iodide stain. Out of 102 field samples tested for detection of IBV, RT-LAMP detected IBV in 12 samples for S2 gene whereas RT-PCR detected IBV in six samples for S2 gene. The sensitivity of the RT-LAMP was 100 % and the specificity was 94 % for S2 gene. Since the developed RT-LAMP to detect IBV is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific, it can be a useful diagnostic tool for detection of IB in poultry in less equipped laboratories and in field conditions.
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Selvaraju R, Raja A, Thiruppathi G. FT-IR spectroscopic, thermal analysis of human urinary stones and their characterization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 137:1397-1402. [PMID: 25306135 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, FT-IR, XRD, TGA-DTA spectral methods have been used to investigate the chemical compositions of urinary calculi. Multi-components of urinary calculi such as calcium oxalate, hydroxyl apatite, struvite and uric acid have been studied. The chemical compounds are identified by FT-IR spectroscopic technique. The mineral identification was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction patterns as compared with JCPDS reported values. Thermal analysis techniques are considered the best techniques for the characterization and detection of endothermic and exothermic behaviors of the urinary stones. The percentages of each hydrate (COM and COD) are present together, in the presences of MAPH or UA. Finally, the present study suggests that the Urolithiasis is significant health problem in children, and is very common in some parts of the world, especially in India. So that present study is so useful and helpful to the scientific community for identification of latest human health problems and their remedies using spectroscopic techniques.
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Bhattacharya S, Raja A, Shetty A. Authors' reply: Unexplained antepartum haemorrhage - a risk factor for preterm labour and delivery. BJOG 2014; 121:1447. [PMID: 25250935 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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58
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Singla SK, Raja A, Nala N, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Palta P. Hand-made Cloning: A Guide for Cloning Water Buffaloes. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10036-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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59
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Gamo NJ, Duque A, Paspalas CD, Kata A, Fine R, Boven L, Bryan C, Lo T, Anighoro K, Bermudez L, Peng K, Annor A, Raja A, Mansson E, Taylor SR, Patel K, Simen AA, Arnsten AFT. Role of disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) in stress-induced prefrontal cognitive dysfunction. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e328. [PMID: 24301646 PMCID: PMC4030323 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic studies have linked mental illness to alterations in disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a multifunctional scaffolding protein that regulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling via interactions with phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). High levels of cAMP during stress exposure impair function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region gravely afflicted in mental illness. As stress can aggravate mental illness, genetic insults to DISC1 may worsen symptoms by increasing cAMP levels. The current study examined whether viral knockdown (KD) of the Disc1 gene in rat PFC increases susceptibility to stress-induced PFC dysfunction. Rats were trained in a spatial working memory task before receiving infusions of (a) an active viral construct that knocked down Disc1 in PFC (DISC1 KD group), (b) a 'scrambled' construct that had no effect on Disc1 (Scrambled group), or (c) an active construct that reduced DISC1 expression dorsal to PFC (Anatomical Control group). Data were compared with an unoperated Control group. Cognitive performance was assessed following mild restraint stress that had no effect on normal animals. DISC1 KD rats were impaired by 1 h restraint stress, whereas Scrambled, Control, and Anatomical Control groups were unaffected. Thus, knocking down Disc1 in PFC reduced the threshold for stress-induced cognitive dysfunction, possibly through disinhibited cAMP signaling at neuronal network synapses. These findings may explain why patients with DISC1 mutations may be especially vulnerable to the effects of stress.
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Selvaraju R, Raja A, Thiruppathi G. Chemical composition and binary mixture of human urinary stones using FT-Raman spectroscopy method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:650-7. [PMID: 23816485 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the human urinary stones were observed in their different chemical compositions of calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium phosphate, struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), uric acid, cystine, oxammite (ammonium oxalate monohydrate), natroxalate (sodium oxalate), glushinkite (magnesium oxalate dihydrate) and moolooite (copper oxalate) were analyzed using Fourier Transform-Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy. For the quantitative analysis, various human urinary stone samples are used for ratios calculation of binary mixtures compositions such as COM/COD, HAP/COD, HAP/COD, Uric acid/COM, uric acid/COD and uric acid/HAP. The calibration curve is used for further analysis of binary mixture of human urinary stones. For the binary mixture calculation the various intensities bands at 1462 cm(-1) (I(COM)), 1473 cm(-1) (I(COD)), 961 cm(-1) (I(HAP)) and 1282 cm(-1) (I(UA)) were used.
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Lee J, Raja A, Filbin M, Hwabejire J, Kaafarani H, Yeh D, Velmahos G, Marc D, Matthias E, Shah K. Mandatory Health Care Insurance is Not Associated With Improved Mortality or ICU Length of Stay in Severely Injured Trauma Patients in Massachusetts. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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62
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Kaviyarasu K, Raja A, Devarajan PA. Structural elucidation and spectral characterizations of Co3O4 nanoflakes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:586-591. [PMID: 23800777 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A facile solvothermal process is successfully developed to prepare F-center cubic Co3O4 nanoflakes in ethylene-glycol-water solvent. Cobalt acetate [Co(Ac)2·4H2O] is directly used as precursor and ethylene glycol performs a reducer and modifying agent in the system. The as obtained products were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis-DRS, SEM, EDAX, XPS and HR-TEM. XRD studies indicate that the nanoflakes have the same crystal structure found in cubic form of Co3O4. The lattice parameter, X-ray density and the specific area of nanoflakes were also estimated from XRD pattern. The various functional groups present in Co3O4 nanoflakes were identified by FTIR analysis. The band gap energy of Co3O4 nanoflakes was calculated from UV-Vis-DRS spectral studies. SEM analyses ascertain that Co3O4 nanocrystals are nanoflakes in nature and the particle size in SEM is exactly consistent with XRD results. The elemental composition was determined using the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed at several points in the region and averaged to obtain the representative results. The atomic composition of the Co3O4 was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nanoscale structures were observed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
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Geyer B, Peak D, Velmahos G, Gates J, Petrovick L, Michaud Y, Growe A, Sullivan D, Raja A. Cost Savings Associated With Transfer Of Trauma Patients Within An Accountable Care Organization. Ann Emerg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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64
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Dhanasekaran S, Vignesh AR, Raj GD, Reddy YKM, Raja A, Tirumurugaan KG. Comparative analysis of innate immune response following in vitro stimulation of sheep and goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells with bluetongue virus - serotype 23. Vet Res Commun 2013; 37:319-27. [PMID: 24057859 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue is an infectious disease caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), which affects sheep, goat, cattle and certain wild ruminants. However severe clinical signs are usually seen with significant mortality in sheep than cattle and goat. To date, comparative studies on innate immune responses of sheep and goat infected with BTV is lacking. In this study, we compared the innate immune response of sheep and goat by infecting the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with BTV serotype 23. In our study, we observed that sheep PBMCs supports higher virus replication than goat PBMCs. To delineate the role of innate immune response in differential viral replication observed in this study, we examined TLR3 (Receptor for dsRNA virus) mRNA expression and cytokine profiles (IL-1β, Il-6, IL-8, Il-10, IL-12p40, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IFN-α) following Poly I:C (TLR3 ligand) stimulation and BTV 23 infection. In our present study, sheep PBMCs had significantly higher TLR3 mRNA levels, TLR3 specific ligand (Poly I:C) stimulation resulted in increased levels of IFN-γ at transcriptional and translational levels along with IL-8 and IL-10 at transcriptional levels. Whereas, the levels of TNF-α was higher in goat PBMCs at transcriptional levels. BTV infected sheep PBMCs expressed significantly higher levels of IFN-γ at transcriptional and translational levels along with IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 at transcriptional levels. Whereas the expression levels of TNF-α and IFN-α at transcriptional and translational levels were significantly high in goat PBMCs. To examine the potential factor for consistent increase in the expression of TNF-α, we sequenced the promoter region of TNF-α and identified a total of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and one indel in goat TNF-α promoter region. Luciferase assay for transcriptional activity of the promoter showed that goat TNF-α has significantly enhanced transcriptional activity in comparison with sheep TNF-α promoter. Altogether, our data suggests that the expression levels of TNF-α and IFN-α and/or IL-10 plays crucial role in replication of BTV 23.
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Gupta A, Karanth SS, Raja A. Infratentorial subdural empyemas mimicking pyogenic meningitis. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2013; 4:213-5. [PMID: 23914110 PMCID: PMC3724312 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infratentorial subdural empyema is an extremely rare condition which unfortunately mimics pyogenic meningitis in 75% of cases. While an ill-planned lumbar puncture in these cases may be fatal, an inadvertent delay in treatment may be detrimental to the outcome for the patient. We present a case of a young boy with long standing history of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) presenting with an infratentorial empyema with features suggestive of pyogenic meningitis. We also review the available literature to further define the condition in terms of clinical features, treatment options, and outcome. A misdiagnosis of this condition with failure to institute appropriate surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy is potentially life threatening. We highlight this rare condition which requires a high degree of suspicion especially in the presence of associated risk factors.
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66
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Turel MK, Chacko G, Raja A, Scheithauer BW. Neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma of the scalp. J Pediatr Neurosci 2013; 7:181-4. [PMID: 23560002 PMCID: PMC3611904 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocristic cutaneous hamartoma of the scalp, a rare entity, may be either congenital or acquired. The former must be distinguished from other forms of congenital nodular and plaque-like lesions such as giant congenital nevi, common and cellular blue nevi, and melanoma. We describe the clinicopathologic features of an example occurring in a 2-month-old girl presenting with a large parietooccipital swelling. The literature is reviewed.
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Lim D, Todd M, Kourtoglou N, Gerasimidis K, Gardner-Medwin J, Watson L, Tullus K, Pilkington C, Chesters C, Marks SD, Newland P, Jones C, Beresford MW, O'Neill P, Lee H, Tattersall R, McErlane F, Beresford M, Baildam E, Alice Chieng SE, Davidson J, Foster H, Gardner-Medwin J, Lunt M, Wedderburn LR, Thomson W, Hyrich KL, Kavirayani A, Thyagarajan MS, Ellis J, Helen Strike CNS, Ramanan AV, Coda A, Davidson J, Fowlie P, Walsh J, Carline T, Santos D, Brimlow KW, Rangaraj S, Grant C, Little J, Helen Strike CNS, Hinchcliffe A, Dick A, Ramanan A, Ekdawy D, Nagra G, Camina N, Edgerton J, Choi J, Lamb K, Hawley D, Rangaraj S, Cruikshank M, Sen E, Pain C, Leone V, Cruikshank M, Walsh J, Tattersall R, Hawley D, Dunkley L, Lee H, McMahon AM, Bale P, Armon K, Amin T, Wood M, Davies R, Southwood TR, Kearsley-Fleet L, Hyrich KL, Kearsley-Fleet L, Baildam E, Beresford M, Davies R, Foster HE, Mowbray K, Southwood TR, Thomson W, Hyrich KL, Agarwal M, Kavirayani A, Ramanan AV, Ellis J, Smith E, Gray W, Taylor-Robinson D, Foster HE, Beresford MW, Morgan T, Watson L, Beresford MW, Gohar F, Watson L, Beresford MW, Artim-Esen B, Radziszewska A, Pericleous C, Rahman A, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Jashek D, Mosley E, Rangaraj S, Moraitis E, Arnold K, Pilkington C, Russell NJ, Roderick M, Ramanan A, Roderick M, Russell N, Ramanan AV, Smith NSM, Wilson N, Gardner-Medwin J, Sen E, Chan M, Hardy E, Rapley T, Hensman P, Wraith JE, Foster H, Clarkson J, Gardner-Medwin J, Choudhery V, McVitty C, Davidson J, Hughes DH, Martin N, Warrier K, Sen E, Abinun M, Jandial S, O'Leary D, Staunton D, Lowry C, McSweeney N, Sen E, Abinun M, Friswell M, Foster H, Walsh A, Lowry C, Raja A. BSPAR ANNUAL CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS * Oral presentations * O1. The impact of modern management on outcomes of JIA compared with healthy controls. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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68
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Lim D, Todd M, Kourtoglou N, Gerasimidis K, Gardner-Medwin J, Watson L, Tullus K, Pilkington C, Chesters C, Marks SD, Newland P, Jones C, Beresford MW, O'Neill P, Lee H, Tattersall R, McErlane F, Beresford M, Baildam E, Alice Chieng SE, Davidson J, Foster H, Gardner-Medwin J, Lunt M, Wedderburn LR, Thomson W, Hyrich KL, Kavirayani A, Thyagarajan MS, Ellis J, Helen Strike CNS, Ramanan AV, Coda A, Davidson J, Fowlie P, Walsh J, Carline T, Santos D, Brimlow KW, Rangaraj S, Grant C, Little J, Helen Strike CNS, Hinchcliffe A, Dick A, Ramanan A, Ekdawy D, Nagra G, Camina N, Edgerton J, Choi J, Lamb K, Hawley D, Rangaraj S, Cruikshank M, Sen E, Pain C, Leone V, Cruikshank M, Walsh J, Tattersall R, Hawley D, Dunkley L, Lee H, McMahon AM, Bale P, Armon K, Amin T, Wood M, Davies R, Southwood TR, Kearsley-Fleet L, Hyrich KL, Kearsley-Fleet L, Baildam E, Beresford M, Davies R, Foster HE, Mowbray K, Southwood TR, Thomson W, Hyrich KL, Agarwal M, Kavirayani A, Ramanan AV, Ellis J, Smith E, Gray W, Taylor-Robinson D, Foster HE, Beresford MW, Morgan T, Watson L, Beresford MW, Gohar F, Watson L, Beresford MW, Artim-Esen B, Radziszewska A, Pericleous C, Rahman A, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Jashek D, Mosley E, Rangaraj S, Moraitis E, Arnold K, Pilkington C, Russell NJ, Roderick M, Ramanan A, Roderick M, Russell N, Ramanan AV, Smith NSM, Wilson N, Gardner-Medwin J, Sen E, Chan M, Hardy E, Rapley T, Hensman P, Wraith JE, Foster H, Clarkson J, Gardner-Medwin J, Choudhery V, McVitty C, Davidson J, Hughes DH, Martin N, Warrier K, Sen E, Abinun M, Jandial S, O'Leary D, Staunton D, Lowry C, McSweeney N, Sen E, Abinun M, Friswell M, Foster H, Walsh A, Lowry C, Raja A. BSPAR ANNUAL CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS * Oral presentations * O1. The impact of modern management on outcomes of JIA compared with healthy controls. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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69
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Selvaraju R, Raja A, Thiruppathi G. FT-Raman spectral analysis of human urinary stones. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 99:205-210. [PMID: 23069621 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
FT-Raman spectroscopy is the most useful tool for the purpose of bio-medical diagnostics. In the present study, FT-Raman spectral method is used to investigate the chemical composition of urinary calculi. Urinary calculi multi-components such as calcium oxalate, hydroxyl apatite, struvite and uric acid are studied. FT-Raman spectrum has been recorded in the range of 3500-400 cm(-1). Chemical compounds are identified by Raman spectroscopic technique. The quantitative estimations of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) 1463 cm(-1), calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD) 1478 cm(-1), hydroxyl apatite 959 cm(-1), struvite 575 cm(-1), uric acid 1283 cm(-1) and oxammite (ammonium oxalate monohydrate) 2129 cm(-1) are calculated using particular peaks of FT-Raman spectrum. The quantitative estimation of human urinary stones suitable for the single calibration curve was performed.
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Anandhakumar C, Lavanya V, Pradheepa G, Tirumurugaan KG, Raj GD, Raja A, Pazhanivel N, Balachandran C. Expression profile of toll-like receptor 2 mRNA in selected tissues of shark (Chiloscyllium sp.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:1174-1182. [PMID: 23017775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sharks are a species of delight for immunologists from the evolutionary perspective since it is considered as the first species to have evolved the adaptive immune responses in addition to the innate immune system. One of the components of the highly conserved innate immune system is the toll-like receptors (TLR) which has a conserved overall protein structure throughout deuterostome evolution. There is no report that demonstrates the expression of these receptors in sharks. In this study we successfully amplified a 270 bp amplicon using a degenerate primer design strategy that corresponded to the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain of TLR2 (GenBank ID: JF792813). BLAST analysis revealed a maximum nucleotide identity of 87% and 76% with the TLR2 of higher mammals and teleost fishes respectively. Domain prediction revealed a TIR structure between 1 and 87 amino acids that had a maximum identity of 58% and 76% with TLR2 - TIR protein of teleost fishes and higher mammals respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a closer clustering of the shark TIR sequence with those from human, cattle, goat, sheep and chicken than with other fish species. Basal expression levels of the TLR2-TIR mRNA were found to be significantly higher in kidneys followed by fins, spleen and intestinal spiral valve (ISV). In tissues such as spleen and kidney the expression of the TLR2-TIR mRNA could be localized to lymphoid and macrophages like cells and tubular epithelial cells respectively. In-vivo exposure of sharks to peptidoglycan (TLR 2 ligand) resulted in 9 folds higher expression of TLR2-TIR mRNA in gills followed by 5 folds in the fins. However, when inoculated with a TLR ligand pool, the expression levels significantly increased to 12 fold in skin followed by epigonal, kidneys and ISV. These findings not only support the presence of the TLRs in sharks but also their induction upon exposure to specific ligands. Further studies are needed to identify their numbers, their ligand specificity and downstream cytokine responses.
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Vignesh AR, Dhinakar Raj G, Dhanasekaran S, Tirumurugaan KG, Raja A. Comparative in vitro toll-like receptor ligand induced cytokine profiles of Toda and Murrah buffaloes-Identification of tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphism. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 150:189-97. [PMID: 23084344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess cytokine production upon activation of pattern recognition receptors responsible for sensing bacterial and viral pathogen associated molecular patterns in two genetically diverse buffalo breeds, Toda and Murrah. A very limited molecular-epidemiological analysis showed a higher prevalence of Anaplasma and Theileria in Murrah than Toda buffaloes. Toda buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) produced significantly higher levels of IFN γ and/or TNF α mRNAs in response to peptidoglycan, poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide, imiquimod and CpG. Flagellin stimulation did not result in any significant differences in the expression levels of the cytokines tested between these breeds. The levels of ligand induced IFN γ and TNF α mRNA and proteins also correlated except when induced with CpG. The proximal promoter region of TNF α across these two breeds were also sequenced to detect SNPs and promoter assay performed to determine their role in altering the transcriptional activity. Two polymorphisms were identified at -737 (T/A) and -1092 (G/T) positions in Toda buffalo TNF α promoter and promoter assay revealed higher transcription activity in Toda buffalos than in Murrah. This suggests that disease tolerance of these buffalo breeds could be due to the differences in their cytokine transcription levels in response to the respective PAMPs that may be at least in part determined by polymorphisms in the cytokine promoter regions.
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Selvaraju R, Thiruppathi G, Raja A. FT-IR spectral studies on certain human urinary stones in the patients of rural area. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 93:260-265. [PMID: 22484261 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been carried out to analyze the organic and inorganic constituent of human urinary stones. Patient's hailing from Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India was selected for the study. The FT-IR results indicate that stones have different composition, i.e., namely calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, carbonate apatite and magnesium ammonium phosphate and uric acid. From the spectral and powder X-ray diffraction pattern, the chemical constituents of urinary stones were identified. The quantitative estimations of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) 1,620 cm(-1), calcium phosphate (apatite) 1,037 cm(-1), magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) 1,010 cm(-1), calcium carbonate 1,460 cm(-1) and uric acid 1,441 cm(-1) were calculated using particular peaks of FT-IR studies. The study reveals that calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium phosphate type urinary stones were predominant whereas magnesium ammonium phosphate are in moderate level, and calcium carbonate and uric acid are in low. Calcium phosphate is found in all the stones and calcium oxalate monohydrate is found to be higher. Quantitative analyses of urinary stones show that calcium oxalate monohydrate (40%), apatite (30%), magnesium ammonium phosphate (23%) and uric acid (7%) are present in all the urinary stone samples.
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Hazarika P, Punnoose S, Raja A. Management of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA). Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Indumathy P, Arun KV, Kumar TSS, Raja A, Prashanth PS. Comparison of systemic levels of regulatory T cells in periodontal health and disease. JOURNAL OF DR. NTR UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.4103/2277-8632.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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75
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Gopinath VP, Biswas M, Raj GD, Raja A, Kumanan AK, Elankumaran S. Molecular cloning and tissue-specific expression of Toll-like receptor 5 gene from turkeys. Avian Dis 2011; 55:480-5. [PMID: 22017051 DOI: 10.1637/9590-102710-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of transmembrane and cytosolic proteins, detect microbial patterns, initiating innate immune responses in various organisms. Although they are abundant, genetic characterization and functional differences of TLRs in economically important avian species such as chickens and turkeys have not been investigated in detail. In this study, the putative TLR5 coding region from turkey genome was sequenced, and its homology to other vertebrate species was analyzed. Secondary structure analysis revealed protein motifs typical of the chicken TLR5 protein structure, with 97% amino acid identity between them. mRNA expression profiling in adult turkeys revealed abundant TLR5 expression in a broad range of tissues. Stimulation with the TLR5 ligand flagellin resulted in the production of the inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and nitric oxide in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To our knowledge, this is the first complete turkey TLR5 coding DNA sequence reported in sequence databases.
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