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Kroin JS, McCarthy RJ, Von Roenn N, Schwab B, Tuman KJ, Ivankovich AD. Magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine antinociception at the spinal level. Anesth Analg 2000; 90:913-7. [PMID: 10735798 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200004000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Intrathecal magnesium sulfate coinfusion with morphine increases antinociception in normal rats; however, because magnesium also delays the onset of tolerance, it is not clear whether this additional antinociception is a result of potentiated analgesia or tolerance abatement. We examined the antinociceptive interaction of intrathecal (IT) bolus magnesium sulfate and morphine in morphine naive rats and those with mechanical allodynia after a surgical incision. After intrathecal catheter implantation, rats were given preinjections of magnesium or saline, followed by injections of morphine or saline. In morphine naïve rats, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 281 and 375 microg followed by IT morphine 0.25 or 0.5 nmol enhanced peak antinociception and area under the response versus time curve two-to-three-fold in the tail-flick test as compared with morphine alone. Likewise, in rats with incisional pain, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 188 and 375 microg followed by morphine 0.5 nmol reduced mechanical allodynia, whereas morphine 0.5 nmol alone did not. This study suggests that IT magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine at a spinal site of action. IMPLICATIONS Magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine analgesia when coadministered intrathecally in normal rats, and in an animal model of mechanical allodynia after a surgical incision. These results suggest that intrathecal administration of magnesium sulfate may be a useful adjunct to spinal morphine analgesia.
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Mack KF, Schwab B, Heermann R. [The interesting case No. 31. Eyelid inflammation in childhood]. Laryngorhinootologie 1999; 78:718-9. [PMID: 10666699 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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53
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Hemmanouil I, Stöver T, Schwab B. [Interesting case no. 28. Orbital metastasis of established breast cancer]. Laryngorhinootologie 1999; 78:525-6. [PMID: 10535072 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-996921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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54
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Conord C, Frydman N, Fort V, Schwab B, Righini C, Hamamah S. P-084. Relationship between pronuclear quality, nucleoli number, and developmental potential of the embryo. Hum Reprod 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.suppl_3.182-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Schnittger A, Folkers U, Schwab B, Jürgens G, Hülskamp M. Generation of a spacing pattern: the role of triptychon in trichome patterning in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 1999; 11:1105-16. [PMID: 10368181 PMCID: PMC144244 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.11.6.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes in Arabidopsis are single-celled hairs that exhibit a regular spacing pattern. Here, the role of TRIPTYCHON (TRY) in the generation of this spacing pattern is studied. By using genetic mosaics, we demonstrate that the formation of trichome clusters in try mutants is not correlated with cell lineage, indicating that TRY is required to single out trichome cells in a process involving cellular interactions. The genetic interactions of TRY, GLABRA1 (GL1), and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA (T TG) in trichome patterning are assessed by determining the cluster frequency in various genetic combinations. It is shown that TRY acts as a negative regulator of GL1- and TTG-dependent pathways. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that trichome initiation in ttg-1, a strong ttg allele, is rescued almost to wild-type levels in a try background in which GL1 is expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, indicating that T TG acts upstream of GL1 and TRY. These findings are incorporated into a model to explain the generation of a trichome spacing pattern from a homogeneous population of epidermal cells.
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Grini PE, Schnittger A, Schwarz H, Zimmermann I, Schwab B, Jürgens G, Hülskamp M. Isolation of ethyl methanesulfonate-induced gametophytic mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana by a segregation distortion assay using the multimarker chromosome 1. Genetics 1999; 151:849-63. [PMID: 9927475 PMCID: PMC1460497 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/151.2.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of plants comprises two alternating generations, the diploid sporophyte (spore-bearing plant) and the haploid gametophyte (gamete-bearing plant). In contrast to animals, the postmeiotic cells give rise to haploid organisms whose function is to produce the gametes and to mediate fertilization. Analysis of gametophyte development and function has been hampered by the difficulty of identifying haplo-phase-specific mutants in conventional mutagenesis screens. Here we use a genetic strategy that is based on segregation distortion of nearby visible markers to screen for EMS-induced gametophytic mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the multiple marker chromosome mm1 we have isolated seven lines that displayed an altered segregation of markers. Reciprocal backcrosses of these lines showed a marked reduction of the transmission of the male and/or female gametes. Phenotypic analysis revealed that different aspects of either gametophytic development or function were affected. Three male gametophytic lines showed specific arrests during pollen development. One male gametophytic line was specifically defective in pollen tube elongation. Three gametophytic lines showed variable defects in both male and female gametophytic development.
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57
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Schwab B, Lenarz T. [Myoclonus]. HNO 1998; 46:885-6. [PMID: 9846272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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58
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Saranti L, Allali F, Olivennes F, Schwab B, Rongieres-Bertrand C, Frydman R. [Results of oocyte donation in women with different indications, ages and therapeutic strategies]. CONTRACEPTION, FERTILITE, SEXUALITE (1992) 1997; 25:643-6. [PMID: 9410382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compare the effectiveness of oocyte donation for various indications, ages and treatments. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 319 transfers for 184 couples (243 with fresh embryos and 76 with frozen embryos). Transfers are divided into: -7 groups according to indication: premature ovarian failure (POF) with normal caryotype n = 122, surgical POF n = 26, postchemotherapy and postradiation therapy POF n = 23, genetic disease carrier n = 11, IVF failure n = 69, primary amenorrhea n = 58, POF with abnormal caryotype n = 10. -2 groups according to the recipient's age (Group I < or = 40 years, Group II > 40 years); -3 groups according to the dose and the mode of administration of the treatment. Oocytes were donated by volunteer donors of less than 38 years having at last one child. RESULT According to the recipient's age 31.3% clinical pregnancies (CP) and 24.2% ongoing pregnancies (OP) for group I, versus 19.4% CP and 11.9% OP for group II. The results according to the indication were similar except for postchemotherapy and postradiation therapy POF for which the rate of CP as well as the rate of OP were particularly low. For the treatment groups there is a significant reduction of CP and OP as the treatment dose increases. CONCLUSION The recipient's age plays an important role for the development of pregnancy and this shows that apparently uterine ageing also plays an undeniable role for the decline of female fertility. Increasing doses of estradiol reduces the rate of CP and OP. Postchemotherapy and postradition therapy POF has much lower results than other indications.
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Bergère M, Pfeffer J, Schwab B, Selva J. O-032. ICSI of in-vitro matured oocytes. Hum Reprod 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Boateng F, Sampson A, Schwab B. Statistical analysis of possible bias of clinical judgements due to observing an on-therapy marker variable. Stat Med 1996; 15:1747-55. [PMID: 8870157 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19960830)15:16<1747::aid-sim342>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In certain double-blind clinical trials there is the possibility that certain 'marker variables' observable during the trial may in part unblind the trial, even at a subliminal level. At issue is whether or not this potential unblinding biases the investigators' clinical efficacy assessments. This issue arose after the completion of three clinical trials that compared tretinoin emollient cream (TEC) 0.05 per cent to its vehicle in patients with photodamaged skin. The question raised was whether or not possible 'subliminal unblinding' of the investigators and patients, due to the cutaneous irritation associated with topical tretinoin, might have caused a treatment bias in the study. To address this issue, we undertook a reanalysis of these three clinical trials. In doing so, we develop in this paper a statistical modelling approach to address issues of possible bias introduced by the ability to observe such marker variables. The approach utilizes a linear discriminant analysis to introduce an auxiliary categorical variable for the efficacy analysis. A suitable categorical data model permits the estimation of relevant bias effects. We illustrate this approach with data from the three TEC 0.05 per cent trials.
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Bhawan J, Olsen E, Lufrano L, Thorne EG, Schwab B, Gilchrest BA. Histologic evaluation of the long term effects of tretinoin on photodamaged skin. J Dermatol Sci 1996; 11:177-82. [PMID: 8785167 DOI: 10.1016/0923-1811(95)00432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustained improvement with prolonged topical tretinoin for photodamaged skin has been well documented for up to 22 months of continuous treatment. We now report long-term (4 years) histologic effects of topical tretinoin in photodamaged skin of 27 patients, the longest study to date. The observed decreases in dermal elastin content and perivascular inflammation and increase in epidermal mucin in facial biopsies obtained after up to 4 years of treatment may be partly responsible for the continued clinical improvement. Furthermore, the study shows that there are no untoward effects on keratinocytes or melanocytes during long-term use of topical tretinoin.
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Noordsy DL, Schwab B, Fox L, Drake RE. The role of self-help programs in the rehabilitation of persons with severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Community Ment Health J 1996; 32:71-81; discussion 83-6. [PMID: 8635319 DOI: 10.1007/bf02249369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Substance abuse treatment programs in the United States frequently incorporate self-help approaches, but little is known about the use of self-help groups by individuals with dual disorders. This paper brings together several current studies on the role of self-help programs in treating substance use disorders among individuals with severe mental illness. These studies indicate that only a minority of individuals with dual disorders become closely linked to self-help. Psychiatric diagnosis and possibly social skills are correlates of participation. Dually disorders consumers often experience the use of 12-step philosophy and jargon by mental health professionals as alienating and unempathic. The authors propose suggestions for incorporating self-help approaches into the comprehensive community care of individuals with dual disorders.
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63
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Fanchin R, Olivennes F, Righini C, Hazout A, Schwab B, Frydman R. A new system for fallopian tube sperm perfusion leads to pregnancy rates twice as high as standard intrauterine insemination. Fertil Steril 1995; 64:505-10. [PMID: 7641902 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative efficacy of a new system for fallopian tube sperm perfusion in comparison with standard IUI in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. SETTING Ovulation induction program of a tertiary outpatient care center, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France. PATIENTS We studied 74 infertile women aged 20 to 38 years undergoing 100 cycles of COH from December 1993 to May 1994 only excluding cases of age > 38 years, obstructed or severely damaged fallopian tubes, E2 levels per mature follicle < 250 pg/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671) on the day of hCG administration, spontaneous LH surge, and cases of marked sperm abnormalities. INTERVENTIONS Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was achieved using three types of ovarian stimulation protocols: clomiphene citrate (CC) and hMG (n = 35). hMG alone (n = 35) or GnRH agonist and FSH and hMG (n = 30). Thirty-six hours after hCG administration, patients were assigned randomly to either IUI (group A, n = 50) or fallopian tube sperm perfusion (group B, n = 50). Intrauterine insemination was performed with 0.2 mL of sperm suspension according to a standard technique. Fallopian tube sperm perfusion was performed using a simple and reliable system that ensures a good cervical seal and allows to a pressurized injection of 4 mL of sperm suspension. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Feasibility of the fallopian tube sperm perfusion method, clinical pregnancy (presence of gestational sac with heart beats at 6 weeks of amenorrhea), and ongoing pregnancy rates (PRs) (> 12 weeks of amenorrhea), incidence of complications (multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome [OHSS]). RESULTS Overall, the new fallopian tube sperm perfusion system was simple to handle and well tolerated by patients. In group A, we observed 10 clinical pregnancies (20% per cycle) of which 7 were ongoing (14%). In group B, 20 clinical pregnancies (40% per cycle) of which 17 ongoing pregnancies (34%) were obtained. These differences were statistically significant. The prevalence of twin and three or more sac pregnancies was similar in the two groups (3/10 and 0/10, respectively, in group A, and 5/20 and 2/20, respectively, in group B). No case of moderate or severe OHSS was observed in this series. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the new system for fallopian tube sperm perfusion is not only simple and reliable but also may lead to PRs twice as high as standard IUI in COH cycles.
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Hagen R, Schwab B, Marten S. Nasotracheal airway-oropharyngeal alimentary canal: a microvascular technique for reconstruction of the upper airway after total laryngectomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995; 104:317-22. [PMID: 7717625 DOI: 10.1177/000348949510400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Every patient who has to be laryngectomized because of a carcinoma is concerned with the loss of his or her voice and the presence of a permanent tracheostoma in his or her neck. While various methods for producing a substitute voice are available (esophageal voice, voice devices, voice-shunt operations with or without voice prosthesis), it is usually impossible after laryngectomy to reconstruct a complete upper airway so that the tracheostoma can be closed. One potential method for reconstruction of the airway is its division into a nasotracheal airway and an oropharyngeal alimentary canal. Ten Alsatian dogs were laryngectomized, and a microvascularly anastomosed jejunal autograft was inserted as a junction between the tracheal stump and the circularly exposed nasopharynx, while the pharynx was reconstructed separately. One week postoperatively, oral feeding could be started again; at the same time breathing was possible via the reconstructed nasotracheal airway, which was kept open by insertion of a silicone tube. By means of this microvascular technique, a complete nasal airway could be reconstructed surgically after laryngectomy.
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Hagen R, Romalo G, Schwab B, Hoppe F, Schweikert HU. Juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma: androgen receptors and their significance for tumor growth. Laryngoscope 1994; 104:1125-9. [PMID: 8072360 DOI: 10.1288/00005537-199409000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the publications of Martin, et al. (1948) and Schiff (1959), who were the first to report on the administration of sex hormones to juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma (JNF) patients, several authors have described the different clinical effects and histologic changes after androgen and estrogen application. Since the mechanism of action of sex steroids in juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma is almost unknown, the authors have studied androgen receptor binding in cultured tumor fibroblasts from three patients with JNF. Maximum androgen binding (Bmax) of the tumor fibroblasts approximated to that of genital skin fibroblasts, which served as a control androgen target tissue with high receptor density. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that the growth rate of tumor fibroblasts increased when testosterone was added to the culture medium, while the addition of two antiandrogens, cyproterone and flutamide, caused a reduction in growth rate. It is concluded from these results that JNF is a hormone-dependent tumor stimulated by testosterone whose growth rate may, at least in vitro, be reduced by antiandrogens such as cyproterone and flutamide.
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Doherty DE, Downey GP, Schwab B, Elson E, Worthen GS. Lipolysaccharide-induced monocyte retention in the lung. Role of monocyte stiffness, actin assembly, and CD18-dependent adherence. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1994; 153:241-55. [PMID: 7911494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages accumulate in the lungs and can modulate pulmonary inflammatory and reparative processes through their elaboration of cytokines and growth factors. Endotoxemia, often a prelude to acute lung injury, induces a monocytopenia, likely resulting from monocyte accumulation in the lung. We hypothesized that LPS would induce monocyte lung retention by increasing monocyte stiffness and thereby diminishing the cell's ability to deform and transit the narrow pulmonary capillary network, and that LPS would induce CD18-dependent adhesion of monocytes to endothelium, prolonging their retention. LPS induced a rapid and concentration-dependent increase in human monocyte stiffness, net filamentous actin assembly, and retention in a filtration model of pulmonary capillaries. These LPS-induced responses were dependent on the integrity of actin filaments in that cytochalasin D, an agent that disrupts filamentous actin assembly, attenuated each of these processes. LPS induced CD18-dependent and -independent human monocyte adhesion to unstimulated human endothelial cell monolayers. In vivo, rabbit monocytes were retained in the lungs of animals rendered endotoxemic. Pretreatment of monocytes ex vivo with LPS enhanced their lung retention suggesting that LPS was acting directly on monocytes. Initial lung retention during endotoxemia was attenuated by inhibiting monocyte F-actin assembly with cytochalasin D. Anti-CD18 Abs caused a slight decrease in initial retention of monocytes, but led to a 90% inhibition of retention by 2 h. Control IgG had no effect. These data suggest that the initial retention of monocytes in the lung during endotoxemia is dependent on alterations in their stiffness and assembly/organization of F-actin, and that CD18-dependent adhesive mechanisms prolong monocyte retention in the lung during this process.
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Doherty DE, Downey GP, Schwab B, Elson E, Worthen GS. Lipolysaccharide-induced monocyte retention in the lung. Role of monocyte stiffness, actin assembly, and CD18-dependent adherence. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.1.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages accumulate in the lungs and can modulate pulmonary inflammatory and reparative processes through their elaboration of cytokines and growth factors. Endotoxemia, often a prelude to acute lung injury, induces a monocytopenia, likely resulting from monocyte accumulation in the lung. We hypothesized that LPS would induce monocyte lung retention by increasing monocyte stiffness and thereby diminishing the cell's ability to deform and transit the narrow pulmonary capillary network, and that LPS would induce CD18-dependent adhesion of monocytes to endothelium, prolonging their retention. LPS induced a rapid and concentration-dependent increase in human monocyte stiffness, net filamentous actin assembly, and retention in a filtration model of pulmonary capillaries. These LPS-induced responses were dependent on the integrity of actin filaments in that cytochalasin D, an agent that disrupts filamentous actin assembly, attenuated each of these processes. LPS induced CD18-dependent and -independent human monocyte adhesion to unstimulated human endothelial cell monolayers. In vivo, rabbit monocytes were retained in the lungs of animals rendered endotoxemic. Pretreatment of monocytes ex vivo with LPS enhanced their lung retention suggesting that LPS was acting directly on monocytes. Initial lung retention during endotoxemia was attenuated by inhibiting monocyte F-actin assembly with cytochalasin D. Anti-CD18 Abs caused a slight decrease in initial retention of monocytes, but led to a 90% inhibition of retention by 2 h. Control IgG had no effect. These data suggest that the initial retention of monocytes in the lung during endotoxemia is dependent on alterations in their stiffness and assembly/organization of F-actin, and that CD18-dependent adhesive mechanisms prolong monocyte retention in the lung during this process.
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Freitas SA, Glissant A, Schwab B, Fanchin R, Frydman R, de Ziegler D. [Study of sperm-cervical mucus interaction in controlled cycles: feasibility of a new approach]. CONTRACEPTION, FERTILITE, SEXUALITE (1992) 1994; 22:455-8. [PMID: 7920946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a prospective trial of in vitro sperm-mucus penetration test performed in hormonally controlled environment. To enhance the quality of the cervical mucus (CM), prevent spontaneous ovulation and to eliminate the possibility that results may be biased solely because of CM inadequacy, we conceived a 28-day physiological hormonal replacement regimen. For this women received oral estradiol valerate (E2-V) (4 mg/day) from cycle 1 to 28. CM was collected on days 13 (n = 17), 14 (n = 38) or 15 (n = 16), according to patients' individual preferences. The in vitro sperm-mucus penetration test was performed approximately 30 minutes later. On the same day, measurements of P and E2 levels were done to eliminate the possibility of spontaneous ovulation. Plasma E2 on the day of testing were 220 +/- 100 pg/ml (mean +/- SD). In all patients, except 4, P levels were low (< 1 ng/ml) on the day of the test. Our results indicate that a hormonal preparation with E2/P can be clinically useful for preventing spontaneous ovulation and reliably assuring CM quality when sperm/mucus penetration tests are performed.
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69
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Born J, Schwab B, Schwab R, Schreiber H. Acute and long-term effects of adrenocorticotropin and dexamethasone on the auditory brainstem response in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol 1993; 241:75-80. [PMID: 8138828 DOI: 10.1007/bf00869767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Auditory brain-stem responses (ABRs) were compared in two groups of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving standard treatment with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and with dexamethasone (DEX). ABRs were recorded prior to treatment, on the 1st and 8th day of therapy, and 21 days after the hormonal treatment had been discontinued. ABRs in MS patients were within the normal range of variability. Latencies of ABR components increased with increasing rate of presentation, and with decreasing intensity of the click stimuli. Changes in ABRs displayed a consistent pattern in patients treated with ACTH, but showed less coherence after DEX. In ACTH treated patients' latencies of the late ABR waves V and Vn were prolonged after clicks of high intensity, and reduced following clicks of low intensity resulting in a decreased slope of the latency-intensity function of these ABR waves. This pattern became most prominent in the recordings after the treatment had been discontinued, and could reflect an improved transmission across both afferent excitatory and recurrent inhibitory synapses in the auditory pathways. The findings indicate that--besides a common anti-inflammatory action--therapies with ACTH and DEX differ with regard to their influence on central nervous functioning.
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Cutufelli ME, Mageau RP, Schwab B, Johnston RW. Development of a multispecies identification field test by modified agar-gel immunodiffusion. J AOAC Int 1993; 76:1022-6. [PMID: 8241808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A multispecies identification field test (MULTI-SIFT) was developed for detection of beef, poultry, pork, sheep, horse, and deer in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for detection of single species. MULTI-SIFT was demonstrated to be specific, relatively sensitive, and accurate in the complete speciation of 100 meat samples.
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Erzurum SC, Downey GP, Doherty DE, Schwab B, Elson EL, Worthen GS. Mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil retention. Relative contributions of adhesive and cellular mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1992; 149:154-62. [PMID: 1376747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intravascular LPS rapidly induces neutrophil sequestration in pulmonary capillaries by mechanisms that, although currently unknown, must take into account the size difference between the neutrophil and capillary diameter. To determine whether LPS alters neutrophil stiffness, and hence the ability of neutrophils to traverse capillaries, neutrophil passage through pulmonary capillaries was modeled by passage through filters with 6.5-microns pores. LPS increased retention in the pores in a concentration-dependent fashion that required the presence of heat-inactivated platelet-poor plasma, and was evident as early as 10 min after stimulation. The effect of LPS on the structural properties of the neutrophil was then studied. LPS induced f-actin reorganization in neutrophils in the presence of plasma. Disruption of actin organization and assembly with cytochalasin D completely inhibited early LPS-induced retention and attenuated retention at later timepoints, indicating that LPS-stimulated retention depends on filament organization. LPS-induced actin assembly and retention were abrogated by an antibody directed against CD14, a putative LPS receptor. CD18-dependent adherence of neutrophils contributed significantly to retention only at later timepoints with no significant contribution to retention at 20 min as determined by inhibition of adherence with the mAb 60.3. Morphometric assessment of neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of rabbits given 1 microgram LPS showed a marked increase in apparent neutrophil number, which was unaltered by antibodies to CD18, suggesting that mechanisms other than adhesion may account for accumulation in vivo. Direct measurements showed that neutrophil stiffness increased with exposure to LPS in a fashion similar to LPS-induced retention and actin organization. Pretreatment of neutrophils with cytochalasin D attenuated the increased stiffness. These data suggest that reorganization of filamentous-actin induced by LPS leads to cell stiffening and retention in capillary-sized pores. Although the organization of f-actin continues to be important in retention at later time points, adherence of cells also contributes significantly to cell retention. The changes in mechanical properties of the neutrophil may be important in the sequestration of neutrophils in pulmonary capillaries noted in endotoxemia.
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Erzurum SC, Downey GP, Doherty DE, Schwab B, Elson EL, Worthen GS. Mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil retention. Relative contributions of adhesive and cellular mechanical properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.149.1.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Intravascular LPS rapidly induces neutrophil sequestration in pulmonary capillaries by mechanisms that, although currently unknown, must take into account the size difference between the neutrophil and capillary diameter. To determine whether LPS alters neutrophil stiffness, and hence the ability of neutrophils to traverse capillaries, neutrophil passage through pulmonary capillaries was modeled by passage through filters with 6.5-microns pores. LPS increased retention in the pores in a concentration-dependent fashion that required the presence of heat-inactivated platelet-poor plasma, and was evident as early as 10 min after stimulation. The effect of LPS on the structural properties of the neutrophil was then studied. LPS induced f-actin reorganization in neutrophils in the presence of plasma. Disruption of actin organization and assembly with cytochalasin D completely inhibited early LPS-induced retention and attenuated retention at later timepoints, indicating that LPS-stimulated retention depends on filament organization. LPS-induced actin assembly and retention were abrogated by an antibody directed against CD14, a putative LPS receptor. CD18-dependent adherence of neutrophils contributed significantly to retention only at later timepoints with no significant contribution to retention at 20 min as determined by inhibition of adherence with the mAb 60.3. Morphometric assessment of neutrophil accumulation in the lungs of rabbits given 1 microgram LPS showed a marked increase in apparent neutrophil number, which was unaltered by antibodies to CD18, suggesting that mechanisms other than adhesion may account for accumulation in vivo. Direct measurements showed that neutrophil stiffness increased with exposure to LPS in a fashion similar to LPS-induced retention and actin organization. Pretreatment of neutrophils with cytochalasin D attenuated the increased stiffness. These data suggest that reorganization of filamentous-actin induced by LPS leads to cell stiffening and retention in capillary-sized pores. Although the organization of f-actin continues to be important in retention at later time points, adherence of cells also contributes significantly to cell retention. The changes in mechanical properties of the neutrophil may be important in the sequestration of neutrophils in pulmonary capillaries noted in endotoxemia.
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Ohms G, Großmann G, Schwab B, Schiefer H. SYNTHESIS AND31P AND13C NMR STUDIES OF PYROPHOSPHONIC ACIDS. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509208038374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schirner G, Schrage NF, Salla S, Teping C, Reim M, Burchard WG, Schwab B. [Silver nitrate burn after Credé's preventive treatment. A roentgen analytic and scanning electron microscopy study]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1991; 199:283-91. [PMID: 1762356 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1046084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Following Credé's prophylaxis with silver-nitrate, the cornea of a newborn presented greyish-brown, lime-like plaques on the nasal part of the right eye. A paracentral ulcerating stromal opacification undermined these appositions, when the patient was admitted to the eye-clinic at Aachen. In the material taken in a lamellar keratectomy scanning electron microscopical examination was able to prove the existence of granules, previously described in light-microscopy. These granules measured 100 to 300 nm in diameter and were placed up to 110 microns deep into the corneal stroma of the specimen. An earlier chemical analysis of necrotic material showed no silver specific reaction. By means of EDX-Analysis these granules could be identified as silver-containing. This was once reassured by a newly developed modification of van-Kossa's-staining-method. The fact that the granular deposits contained mainly silver proves that the onset of a sodium-chloride-irrigation did not promote an intended therapeutic silver-chloride-precipitation and therefore had no effects on the silver-nitrate's penetration abilities. Injuries by silver-nitrate-solutions used for Credé's prophylaxis are seldom but still reported. The mechanism of injury in this case of a child, born by sectio remains unknown. Neither the use of an unusual silvernitrate solution, that was taken from a disposable ampoule (Mova-Nitrat) was reported, nor any corneal injury during sectio mentioned.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Downey GP, Elson EL, Schwab B, Erzurum SC, Young SK, Worthen GS. Biophysical properties and microfilament assembly in neutrophils: modulation by cyclic AMP. J Cell Biol 1991; 114:1179-90. [PMID: 1716633 PMCID: PMC2289125 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.114.6.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microfilament lattice, composed primarily of filamentous (F)-actin, determines in large part the mechanical (deformability) properties of neutrophils, and thus may regulate the ability of neutrophils to transit a microvascular bed. Circulating factors may stimulate the neutrophil to become rigid and therefore be retained in the capillaries. We hypothesized that cell stiffening might be attenuated by an increase in intracellular cAMP. A combination of cell filtration and cell poking (mechanical indentation) was used to measure cell deformability. Neutrophils pretreated with dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) or the combination of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, a stimulator of adenylate cyclase) and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase) demonstrated significant inhibition of the n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-inducing stiffening. The inhibition of cell stiffening was associated with an increase in intracellular cAMP as measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and an increase in the activity of the cAMP-dependent kinase (A-kinase). Treatment with PGE2 and IBMX also resulted in a decrease in the F-actin content of stimulated neutrophils as assayed by NBD-phallacidin staining and flow cytometry or by changes in right angle light scattering. Direct addition of cAMP to electropermeabilized neutrophils resulted in attenuation of fMLP-induced actin assembly. Neutrophils stimulated with fMLP demonstrated a rapid redistribution of F-actin from a diffuse cortical location to a peripheral ring as assessed by conventional and scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. Pretreatment of neutrophils with the combination of IBMX and PGE2 resulted in incomplete development and fragmentation of the cortical ring. We conclude that assembly and redistribution of F-actin may be responsible for cell stiffening after exposure to stimulants and that this response was attenuated by agents that increase intracellular cAMP, by altering the amount and spatial organization of the microfilament component of the cytoskeleton.
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