101
|
Gui ZH, Zhang QJ, Liu J, Zhang L, Ali U, Hou C, Fan LL, Sun YN, Wu ZH, Hui YP. Unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway decreases the response of fast-spiking interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex to 5-HT1A receptor agonist and expression of the receptor in parvalbumin-positive neurons in the rat. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:618-27. [PMID: 21693147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine(1A) (5-HT(1A)) receptors are expressed in the prefrontal cortical interneurons. Among these interneurons, calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV)-positive fast spiking (FS) interneurons play an important role in regulatory function of the prefrontal cortex. In the present study, the response of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) FS interneurons to the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT and change in expression of 5-HT(1A) receptor on PV-positive neurons were examined in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by using extracellular recording and double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry. Systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT (1-243 μg/kg, i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the mean firing rate of the FS interneurons in sham-operated and the lesioned rats, respectively. The cumulative doses producing inhibition in the lesioned rats (243 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that of sham-operated rats (27 μg/kg). Furthermore, the local application of 8-OH-DPAT (0.01 μg) in the mPFC inhibited the FS interneurons in sham-operated rats, while having no effect on firing rate of the FS interneurons in the lesioned rats. In contrast to sham-operated rats, the lesion of the SNc in rats did not cause the change of PV-positive neurons in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex, a subregion of the mPFC, whereas the lesion of the SNc markedly reduced in percentage of PV-positive neurons expressing 5-HT(1A) receptors. Our results indicate that degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway results in the decreased response of FS interneurons in the mPFC to 5-HT(1A) receptor stimulation, which attributes to down-regulation of 5-HT(1A) receptor expression in these interneurons.
Collapse
|
102
|
Zhou C, Han L, Hou C, Metelli A, Qi L, Tadege M, Mysore KS, Wang ZY. Developmental analysis of a Medicago truncatula smooth leaf margin1 mutant reveals context-dependent effects on compound leaf development. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:2106-24. [PMID: 21693694 PMCID: PMC3160044 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.085464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compound leaf development requires highly regulated cell proliferation, differentiation, and expansion patterns. We identified loss-of-function alleles at the SMOOTH LEAF MARGIN1 (SLM1) locus in Medicago truncatula, a model legume species with trifoliate adult leaves. SLM1 encodes an auxin efflux carrier protein and is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1). Auxin distribution is impaired in the slm1 mutant, resulting in pleiotropic phenotypes in different organs. The most striking change in slm1 is the increase in the number of terminal leaflets and a simultaneous reduction in the number of lateral leaflets, accompanied by reduced expression of SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), an ortholog of LEAFY. Characterization of the mutant indicates that distinct developmental domains exist in the formation of terminal and lateral leaflets. In contrast with the pinnate compound leaves in the wild type, the slm1 sgl1 double mutant shows nonpeltately palmate leaves, suggesting that the terminal leaflet primordium in M. truncatula has a unique developmental mechanism. Further investigations on the development of leaf serrations reveal different ontogenies between distal serration and marginal serration formation as well as between serration and leaflet formation. These data suggest that regulation of the elaboration of compound leaves and serrations is context dependent and tightly correlated with the auxin/SLM1 module in M. truncatula.
Collapse
|
103
|
Zhou H, Wang M, Hou C, Jin X, Wu X. Exogenous VEGF-C Augments the Efficacy of Therapeutic Lymphangiogenesis Induced by Allogenic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in a Rabbit Model of Limb Secondary Lymphedema. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2011; 41:841-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyr055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
104
|
Wang Y, Liu J, Gui Z, Ali U, Fan L, Hou C, Wang T, Chen L, Li Q. α2-Adrenoceptor regulates the spontaneous and the GABA/glutamate modulated firing activity of the rat medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons. Neuroscience 2011; 182:193-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
105
|
Yang B, Chen M, Zhang F, Ju W, Chen H, Zhao W, Zhai L, Wang J, Yu J, Shan Q, Zou J, Chen C, Dongjie X, Hou X, Cao K, Dong YX, Yang YZ, Oh JK, Mitsuru M, Powell BD, Larson MD, Buescher TL, Hodge DO, Packer DL, Cha YM, Liu J, Fang P, Hou Y, Li X, Hou C, Ma J, Pu J, Zhang S, Ju W, Yang B, Chen H, Zhang F, Zhai L, Cao K, Chen M, Yu S, Zhao Q, Qin M, Cui H, Huang H, Huang C. AF Ablation III. Europace 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euq472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
106
|
Ma J, Hou C, Liang Y, Wang T, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Efficient proteolysis using a regenerable metal-ion chelate immobilized enzyme reactor supported on organic-inorganic hybrid silica monolith. Proteomics 2011; 11:991-5. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
107
|
Zhang X, Tian Y, Xu Z, Wang L, Hou C, Ling X. Healing Process of the Guinea Pig Common Bile Duct after End-to-End Anastomosis: Pathological Evaluation after 6 Months. Eur Surg Res 2011; 46:194-206. [DOI: 10.1159/000325451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
108
|
Tao D, Qiao X, Sun L, Hou C, Gao L, Zhang L, Shan Y, Liang Z, Zhang Y. Development of a highly efficient 2-D system with a serially coupled long column and its application in identification of rat brain integral membrane proteins with ionic liquids-assisted solubilization and digestion. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:732-8. [PMID: 21121671 DOI: 10.1021/pr100893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two dimensional high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) is one of the most powerful techniques for high resolution, efficiency, and throughput separation and identification of proteomes. For a bottom-up strategy-based proteome analysis, usually multistep salt elution was needed in the first dimension separation by SCX, to simplify the peptides for the further second dimensional separation by RPLC. Here, by using a 30 cm-long serially coupled long column (SCLC) in the second dimension, we reduced the salt steps of SCX from 13 to 5 to shorten the total analysis time. Compared to the commonly applied 2D-HPLC with over 10-step salt elution in SCX and microRPLC with a short column (SC), named as SC-2D, the peak capacity of 2D-HPLC with a SCLC column, named as SCLC-2D, was increased 3.3-folds while the analysis time was increased by only 1.17-folds. Therefore, the time-based protein identification efficiency was ∼55 protein groups/h, nearly 2-fold of that for SC-2D (∼28 protein groups/h). With the further combination of assisted solubilization by ionic liquids and SCLC-2D, 608 integral membrane proteins (IMPs) (27.66% of the total 2198 proteins, FDR < 1%) were identified from rat brain, more than those obtained by the traditional urea method (252 unique IMPs, occupying 17.03% of total 1480 proteins). All of these results demonstrate the promise of the developed technique for large-scale proteome analysis.
Collapse
|
109
|
Ma J, Hou C, Sun L, Tao D, Zhang Y, Shan Y, Liang Z, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhang Y. Coupling Formic Acid Assisted Solubilization and Online Immobilized Pepsin Digestion with Strong Cation Exchange and Microflow Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Integral Membrane Proteome Analysis. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9622-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1023099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
110
|
Huo D, Yang J, Hou C, Yang M. Macroporous Poly(N-isopropylamide-co-acrylamide) Hydrogels Prepared by Two-Step Polymerization for Drug Delivery Applications. Chem Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
111
|
Hou C, Yuan H, Qiao X, Liu J, Shan Y, Zhang L, Liang Z, Zhang Y. Weak anion and cation exchange mixed-bed microcolumn for protein separation. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3299-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
112
|
Gui Z, Zhang Q, Liu J, Ali U, Li L, Wang Y, Wang T, Chen L, Hou C, Fan L. In vivo modulation of the firing activity of putative slow- and fast-spiking interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex by 5-HT3 receptors in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinsonian rats. Neuroscience 2010; 169:1315-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
113
|
Lin H, Hou C, Chen A, Xu Z. Long-term outcome of division of the C8 nerve root for spasticity of the hand in cerebral palsy. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2010; 35:558-62. [PMID: 20348269 DOI: 10.1177/1753193410368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Division of the C8 nerve root results in short-term relief of spasticity in the hands of cerebral palsy patients. In the present study, we assessed the long-term outcome of C8 nerve root division. Between March 1997 and January 2002, this procedure was done in 13 patients. All received consistent postoperative functional rehabilitation training. The hands were assessed before operation and at follow-up using the Lazareff grading system. The average follow-up time was 8.6 years. Two hands showed excellent improvement, three limbs showed good improvement and eight hands showed no improvement. No long-term complications occurred in any patient. These results indicate that the long-term outcome of C8 nerve root rhizotomy for the treatment of hand spasticity in CP is generally poor.
Collapse
|
114
|
Hou C, Palomares M, Norcia A. Texture-defined Figure/Ground Segmentation In Human Visual Development: A High-Density Electrical Mapping Study. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
115
|
Hou C, Ma J, Tao D, Shan Y, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Silica Monolith Based Immobilized Titanium Ion Affinity Chromatography Column for Analysis of Mitochondrial Phosphoproteome. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:4093-101. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100294z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
116
|
Glass HC, Berman JI, Norcia AM, Rogers EE, Henry RG, Hou C, Barkovich AJ, Good WV. Quantitative fiber tracking of the optic radiation is correlated with visual-evoked potential amplitude in preterm infants. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1424-9. [PMID: 20448011 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Children born preterm are at risk for adverse outcome, including visual impairment. We examined the relationship between neonatal DTI and sVEP in children born preterm to determine whether visual outcomes are related to early measurements of brain microstructure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were born at <34 weeks gestation and imaged before term-equivalent age. DTI fiber tracking was used to delineate the optic radiations and measure tract-specific average FA, D(av), and parallel and transverse diffusivity. Visual-evoked response amplitudes were measured as a function of spatial frequency, contrast, and vernier offset size with sVEP at 6-20 months after birth. The association between DTI and sVEP was assessed by using the Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression for repeated measures. RESULTS Nine children with 15 scans were included. The peak response amplitudes for spatial frequency sweeps were associated with increasing FA and decreasing D(av) and transverse diffusivity (P ≤ .006) but not with parallel diffusivity (P = 1). There was only modest association with the swept contrast condition and no detectable association with the vernier offset sweeps. CONCLUSIONS Microstructure of the optic radiations measured shortly after birth is associated with quantitatively measured responses elicited by moderate-to-high contrast spatiotemporal gratings in infancy. These findings are in keeping with studies showing a relationship between brain microstructure and function. While the clinical impact is not known, quantitative neuroimaging of white matter may ultimately be important for predicting outcome in preterm neonates.
Collapse
|
117
|
Palomares M, Pettet M, Vildavski V, Hou C, Norcia A. Visual evoked potentials for dynamic Glass pattern perception in 4- month old infants. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/8.6.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
118
|
Norcia A, Hou C. Motion-grouping deficits in both eyes of patients with strabismic amblyopia. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
119
|
Gilmore RO, Hou C, Norcia AM, Pettet M. Evoked brain activity distinguishes looming from other optic flow patterns. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
120
|
Pei F, Hou C, Norcia AM. Texture thresholds in aults and infants. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/3.9.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
121
|
Yuan H, Zhang L, Hou C, Zhu G, Tao D, Liang Z, Zhang Y. Integrated platform for proteome analysis with combination of protein and peptide separation via online digestion. Anal Chem 2010; 81:8708-14. [PMID: 19788244 DOI: 10.1021/ac900310y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An integrated platform with the combination of protein and peptide separation was established via online protein digestion, by which proteins were first separated by a microcolumn packed with mixed weak anion and weak cation exchange (WAX/WCX) particles under a series of salt steps, online digested by a trypsin immobilized microenzymatic reactor (IMER), trapped and desalted by two parallel C8 precolumns, separated by microreversed-phase liquid chromatography (muRPLC) under a linear gradient of organic modifier concentration, and finally identified by electrospray ionization-MS/MS (ESI-MS/MS). To evaluate the performance of such a platform, a mixture of myoglobin, cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and alpha-casein, with mass ranging from 25 ng to 2 microg, was analyzed. Compared to the methods by off-line protein fractionation and shotgun based strategy, the analysis time, including sample preparation, digestion, desalting, separation, and detection, was shortened from ca. 30 to 5 h, and cytochrome c with abundance of 25 ng could be identified with improved sequence coverage. Furthermore, such an integrated platform was successfully applied into the analysis of proteins extracted from human lung cancer cells. Compared with the results obtained by the shotgun approach, the identified protein number was increased by 30%. All these results demonstrated that such an integrated approach would be an attractive alternative to commonly applied approaches for proteome research.
Collapse
|
122
|
Hou C, Gilmore RO, Pettet MW, Norcia AM. Spatio-temporal tuning of coherent motion evoked responses in 4-6 month old infants and adults. Vision Res 2009; 49:2509-17. [PMID: 19679146 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Motion cues provide a rich source of information about translations of the observer through the environment as well as the movements of objects and surfaces. While the direction of motion can be extracted locally these local measurements are, in general, insufficient for determining object and surface motions. To study the development of local and global motion processing mechanisms, we recorded Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) in response to dynamic random dot displays that alternated between coherent rotational motion and random motion at 0.8 Hz. We compared the spatio-temporal tuning of the evoked response in 4-6 months old infants to that of adults by recording over a range of dot displacements and temporal update rates. Responses recorded at the frequency of the coherent motion modulation were tuned for displacement at the occipital midline in both adults in infants. Responses at lateral electrodes were tuned for speed in adults, but not in infants. Infant responses were maximal at a larger range of spatial displacement than that of adults. In contrast, responses recorded at the dot-update rate showed a more similar parametric displacement tuning and scalp topography in infants and adults. Taken together, our results suggest that while local motion processing is relatively mature at 4-6 months, global integration mechanisms exhibit significant immaturities at this age.
Collapse
|
123
|
Ackland G, Agrawal R, Hou C, Patterson A. Strain-specific and pathogen-specific physiologic and genomic differences in murine inflammatory cardiac dysfunction. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4084256 DOI: 10.1186/cc7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
124
|
Hou C, Wu X, Jin X. Autologous Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Transplantation for the Treatment of Secondary Arm Lymphedema: A Prospective Controlled Study in Patients with Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 38:670-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyn090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
125
|
Wang W, Hou C, Mai M, Ouyang N, Chen J, Yang D. Relationship between triploidy and the numbers of oocytes, age and the pregnancy rate after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
126
|
Hou C, Zhang Y. Expression of Reversion-inducing Cysteine-rich Protein with Kazal Motifs in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Links to Disease Activity, Damage Accrual and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Secretion. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:704-13. [PMID: 18652766 DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the serum concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and the MMP-9 secretion ability of PBMCs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and clinical features were assessed. Compared with PBMCs from healthy donors, PBMCs from SLE patients expressed less RECK protein and mRNA but secreted more MMP-9. The serum concentration of MMP-9 was, however, lower in SLE patients than in healthy donors. The level of RECK protein was inversely associated with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) Damage Index (SDI) and MMP-9 secretion in SLE, but no relationship was found between serum MMP-9 concentration and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). In conclusion, the level of RECK protein expressed in PBMCs could be used to predict organ or system damage in SLE and this might help in developing new therapies for SLE targeted at MMP-9.
Collapse
|
127
|
Wang JP, Zhou ZG, Lin J, Huang G, Zhang C, Yang L, Yuan Y, Zhou HF, Zhou M, Hou C, Zhou WD, Peng H, Hagopian WA. Islet autoantibodies are associated with HLA-DQ genotypes in Han Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:369-75. [PMID: 17919266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between islet autoantibodies of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2A (IA-2A), insulin autoantibody (IAA), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ genotypes in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and their first-degree relatives (FDRs). Cross-sectional and case-control study. Four hundred and ninety-five T1D patients, 419 FDRs, and 376 control subjects in Han Chinese populations were recruited and tested for GADA and IA-2A, while 71 cases, all FDRs and 300 controls were tested for IAA. The 338 T1D patients (including 187 antibody-positive and 151 antibody-negative patients), 173 FDRs and 278 controls were genotyped for HLA-DQ with polymerase chain reaction sequencing-based method. Compared with the control, the frequency of DQA1*03-DQB1*0303, DQA1*05-DQB1*0201, and DQA1*03-DQB1*0401 haplotypes was higher (P < 0.05-0.01) but DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype was lower (P < 0.01) in T1D patients. DQA1*03 allele was less in the FDRs than in their probands (P < 0.05). GADA was more prevalent in T1D patients carrying DQA1*05-DQB1*0201 or DQA1*03-DQB1*0401 haplotype (55.8% vs 41.0%, 65.5% vs 40.3%, P < 0.05-0.01), whereas IA-2A presented more in the patients carrying DQA1*03-DQB1*0303 haplotype (27.0% vs 7.9%, P < 0.05-0.01), both GADA and IA-2A showed frequently in the patients with DQA1*03-DQB1*0303/DQA1*05-DQB1*0201 haplotypes (34.5% vs 9.7%, P < 0.01). GADA positivity was lower in the patients with DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype (16.7% vs 45.9%, P < 0.05). The frequency of IAA was not different between patients with and without susceptible DQ haplotypes (P > 0.05). GADA, IA-2A or IAA presented frequently in FDRs with DQA1*03-DQB1*0303 haplotype. The findings in the study indicate that some of specific HLA-DQA1/-DQB1 genotypes and haplotypes not only confer susceptibility to T1D but also are associated with the presence of the islet autoantibodies in the Han Chinese population.
Collapse
|
128
|
Hilker BL, Fukushige H, Hou C, Hildebrand D. Comparison of Bacillus monooxygenase genes for unique fatty acid production. Prog Lipid Res 2007; 47:1-14. [PMID: 17964298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews Bacillus genes encoding monooxygenase enzymes producing unique fatty acid metabolites. Specifically, it examines standard monooxygenase electron transfer schemes and related domain structures of these fused domain enzymes on route to understanding the observed oxygenase activities. A few crystallographic analyses of the standard bearer enzyme P450(BM-3) are discussed to try to rationalize the common chemistries of this important enzyme family. Detailed P450(BM-3) enzyme activities toward different substrates and the unique substrate-specific primary oxidation products are examined. A few orthologs to the recurring P450(BM-3) enzyme as well as related small single-to-triple nucleotides changed mutants are also discussed. Finally, preliminary data characterizing unique in vivo-based primary and secondary products of a novel ortholog, the ALA2 strain, are presented. This later strain synthesizes several unique multi-oxidized reaction products that require additional study to further understand. It is hoped that a better understanding of these oxygenase reactions, particularly the ALA2 strain, will allow for realistically priced production of target multiple-oxygenated compounds with potential uses as specialty chemicals or as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
129
|
Attiyeh EF, Mosse YP, Diskin S, Hou C, Attiyeh MA, Baker D, Strother D, Schmidt M, London WB, Maris JM. Identification of genomic DNA signatures predicting relapse in low- and intermediate-risk neuroblastoma using a case control design and high-density SNP genotyping: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) study. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9500 Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood malignancy with a heterogeneous clinical course. Clinical and genomic markers are powerful predictors of outcome and are used to stratify cases for treatment intensity, but imprecision remains. Methods: We identified all disease recurrences from the recently closed COG low- (P9641: 903 eligible, 63 events) and intermediate-risk (A3961: 467 eligible, 40 events) NB phase III trials. To date, tumor DNA from 35 cases and 90 controls (P9641/A3961 patients without event) was used for whole genome copy number and genotype evaluation on the Illumina HumanHap550 (550K SNPs) array. An in-house algorithm was developed to assign genomic copy number and loss of heterozygosity based on probe intensity (log R ratio) and degree of allelic imbalance (B allele frequency). Results: A total of 988 chromosomal aberrations were identified; 231 (23.4%) were whole chromosome (WC) copy number aberrations (CNA). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified 10 tumor subsets, with 2 highly enriched with cases showing progression events (13/21; 61%), and 2 dominated by WC gains (chromosomes 2, 6, 7 and 18) with only 2/20 events. Regional aberrations most highly associated with EFS included loss of 11q14-qter (p=0.036), and gain of 11p (p=0.003), 11q13 (p=0.020), and 17q23-qter (p=0.005). Other regional CNAs at borderline univariate significance for EFS included partial gain at 2p, 2q, 6q, 7q, 12q and 13q. The pattern 11p and proximal 11q gain associated with loss of distal 11q was associated with relapse and death (p=0.006 and p=0.023). Conclusion: Whole genome SNP genotyping detects patterns of chromosomal CNAs predictive of EFS, even in situations where events are rare such as low- and intermediate- risk NB. These data support chromosomal 11 and 17 structural CNAs as being most highly predictive of relapse in otherwise favorable NBs, but also suggest that other CNAs likely cooperate and may improve precisions for risk prediction. These data can be used to identify patients eligible for chemotherapy reduction/elimination, and perhaps others for intensification. Ongoing analyses of the remaining samples will extend these conclusions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Collapse
|
130
|
Norcia AMM, Hou C. Random-dot stereopis is highly immature in infants. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
131
|
Sanders AR, Rusu I, Duan J, Vander Molen JE, Hou C, Schwab SG, Wildenauer DB, Martinez M, Gejman PV. Haplotypic association spanning the 22q11.21 genes COMT and ARVCF with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10:353-65. [PMID: 15340358 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) has been implicated in schizophrenia by its function through its roles in monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism and its impact on prefrontal cognition, and also by its position through linkage scans and a strong cytogenetic association. Further support comes from association studies, especially family-based ones examining the COMT variant, Val(108/158)Met. We have studied eight markers spanning COMT and including portions of the two immediately adjacent genes, thioredoxin reductase 2 and armadillo repeat deleted in velocardiofacial syndrome (ARVCF), using association testing in 136 schizophrenia families. We found nominal evidence for association of illness to rs165849 (P=0.051) in ARVCF, and a stronger signal (global P=0.0019-0.0036) from three-marker haplotypes spanning the 3' portions of COMT and ARVCF, including Val(108/158)Met with Val(108/158) being the overtransmitted allele, consistent with previous studies. We also find Val(108/158)Met to be in linkage disequilibrium with the markers in ARVCF. These findings support previous association signals of schizophrenia to COMT markers, and suggest that ARVCF might contribute to this signal. ARVCF, a member of the catenin family, besides being a positional candidate, is also one due to its function, that is, its potential role in neurodevelopment, which is implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis by several lines of evidence.
Collapse
|
132
|
Xu Z, Wang L, Zhang N, Ling X, Hou C, Zhou X. Chemical ablation of the gallbladder: clinical application and long-term observations. Surg Endosc 2005; 19:693-6. [PMID: 15776213 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-004-8221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether minicholecystostomy followed by chemical ablation of the gallbladder could be used as a alternative to cholecystectomy in patients at high risk for complications of surgery. METHODS From January 1990 through January 2003, 34 patients at high risk underwent minicholecystostomy. Six weeks after the operation, microwave irradiation was provided to burn the mucosa of the cystic duct at locations at 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock around the orifice. Each location was treated eight times at 50 mA for 10 sec. Then chemical ablation of the gallbladder was performed by infusing 95% ethanol into the gallbladder cavity for 30 min. For each sclerosis course, the procedure was repeated every 4 h for a total of eight times. Approximately 2 weeks later, the drainage tube was removed from the gallbladder after cholecystography showed that no cavity other than the lumen of the tube remained in the gallbladder. RESULTS Patients tolerated the procedure well and were followed with ultrasonography for 2-14 years (mean, 9). Twenty-nine patients had no complications or side effects, and five patients developed a 1.5- to 3- cm mucocele in the gallbladder. The long-term success rate of sclerotherapy was 85.3% (29/34). No recurrent cholecystitis, new stone or formation, canceration were encountered at the site of the gallbladder. CONCLUSIONS Minicholecystostomy followed by chemical ablation of the gallbladder was a safe, effective, and simple procedure for treating high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis and/or cholelithiasis.
Collapse
|
133
|
Norcia AM, Hou C. Non-linear analysis of the contrast paradox for vernier acuity. J Vis 2002. [DOI: 10.1167/2.10.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
134
|
Pei F, Bonneh Y, Sampath V, Hou C, Norcia AM. Texture detection in infants. J Vis 2002. [DOI: 10.1167/2.10.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
135
|
Good WV, Hou C, Norcia AM. Sweep VEP vernier acuity for the detection of amblyopia. J Vis 2002. [DOI: 10.1167/2.10.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
136
|
|
137
|
Dai CY, Yu ML, Chang WY, Tseng CH, Hou C, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Hsieh MY, Wang LY, Tsai JF, Chuang WL. The prevalence of TT virus and GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in individuals with raised liver enzymes but without HBV or HCV infection in Taiwan. Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129:307-13. [PMID: 12403107 PMCID: PMC2869890 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268802007264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of TT virus (TTV) and GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection and the association with raised liver function tests in 546 Taiwanese with negative HBsAg, anti-HCV and HCV RNA was elucidated. They were tested for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), GBV-C/HGV RNA, anti-envelope protein 2 antibody (anti-E2) and TTV DNA. Direct sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed on 58 isolates for TTV genotype determination. The prevalence of TTV DNA, GBV-C/HGV RNA, anti-E2 and over all GBV-C/HGV exposure was 24.9, 3.4, 8.2 and 11.1%, respectively. Using uni- and multi-variate analyses, male gender and TTV viremia were associated significantly with raised ALT values. Sixty-nine percent of TTV isolates were deduced to be TTV genotype 1 and they had significantly lower mean age than genotype non-1 isolates. In the population, raised ALT may be related to male gender and be attributable to TTV infection but not to GBV-C/HGV among individuals with no evidence of current HBV and HCV infection. TTV genotype 1 is the most prevalent genotype and associated with younger age.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Alanine Transaminase/blood
- Antigens, Viral/blood
- DNA Virus Infections/blood
- DNA Virus Infections/epidemiology
- DNA Virus Infections/virology
- DNA, Viral/blood
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Flaviviridae Infections/blood
- Flaviviridae Infections/epidemiology
- Flaviviridae Infections/virology
- GB virus C/isolation & purification
- Hepacivirus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood
- Hepatitis, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis, Chronic/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Chronic/virology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/blood
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prevalence
- RNA, Viral/blood
- Retrospective Studies
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sex Factors
- Taiwan/epidemiology
- Torque teno virus/genetics
- Torque teno virus/isolation & purification
- Viral Envelope Proteins/blood
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
Collapse
|
138
|
Kung HF, Lee CW, Zhuang ZP, Kung MP, Hou C, Plössl K. Novel stilbenes as probes for amyloid plaques. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:12740-1. [PMID: 11741464 DOI: 10.1021/ja0167147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
139
|
Meuller J, Mjörn K, Karlsson J, Tigerström A, Rydström J, Hou C, Bragg PD. Properties of a proton-translocating nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase from Escherichia coli with alpha and beta subunits linked through fused transmembrane helices. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1506:163-71. [PMID: 11779549 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(01)00191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Proton-translocating nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase from Escherichia coli is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, whereas the homologues mitochondrial enzyme contains a single polypeptide. As compared to the latter transhydrogenase, using a 14-helix model for its membrane topology, the point of fusion is between the transmembrane helices 4 and 6 where the fusion linker provides the extra transmembrane helix 5. In order to clarify the potential role of this extra helix/linker, the alpha and the beta subunits were fused using three connecting peptides of different lengths, one (pAX9) involving essentially a direct coupling, a second (pKM) with a linking peptide of 18 residues, and a third (pKMII) with a linking peptide of 32 residues, as compared to the mitochondrial extra peptide of 27 residues. The results demonstrate that the plasma membrane-bound and purified pAX9 enzyme with the short linker was partly misfolded and strongly inhibited with regard to both catalytic activities and proton translocation, whereas the properties of pKM and pKMII with longer linkers were similar to those of wild-type E. coli transhydrogenase but partly different from those of the mitochondrial enzyme although pKMII generally gave higher activities. It is concluded that a mitochondrial-like linking peptide is required for proper folding and activity of the E. coli fused transhydrogenase, and that differences between the catalytic properties of the E. coli and the mitochondrial enzymes are unrelated to the linking peptide. This is the first time that larger subunits of a membrane protein with multiple transmembrane helices have been fused with retained activity.
Collapse
|
140
|
Zhuang ZP, Kung MP, Hou C, Plössl K, Skovronsky D, Gur TL, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Kung HF. IBOX(2-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-iodobenzoxazole): a ligand for imaging amyloid plaques in the brain. Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:887-94. [PMID: 11711307 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(01)00264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that overproduction and accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques in the brain is a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously it was demonstrated that [125I]TZDM, 2-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-iodobenzothiazole, a thioflavin derivative, was an effective ligand with good in vitro and in vivo binding characteristics. To further improve the initial uptake and washout rate from the brain, important properties for in vivo imaging agents, a novel radioiodinated ligand, 2-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-iodobenzoxazole ([125I]IBOX, 3), for detecting Abeta plaques in the brain, was synthesized and evaluated. The new iodinated ligand, IBOX, is based on an isosteric replacement of a sulfur atom of TZDM by an oxygen, by which the molecular weight is reduced while the lipophilicity of the iodinated ligand is increased. Partition coefficients (P.C.) of these two ligands were 70 and 124 for TZDM and IBOX, respectively. In vitro binding study indicated that the isosteric displacement yielded a new ligand with equal binding potency to Abeta(1-40) aggregates (K(i) = 1.9 and 0.8 nM for TZDM and IBOX, respectively). Autoradiography of postmortem brain sections of a confirmed AD patient by [125I]IBOX showed excellent labeling of plaques similar to that observed with [125I]TZDM. More importantly, in vivo biodistribution of [125I]IBOX in normal mice displayed superior peak brain uptake (2.08% at 30 min vs 1.57% at 60 min dose/brain for [125I]IBOX and [125I]TZDM, respectively). In addition, the washout from the brain was much faster for [125I]IBOX as compared to [125I]TZDM. Based on the data presented for [125I]IBOX, it is predicted that the brain trapping of this new radioiodinated ligand in the Abeta containing regions will be more favorable than that of the parent compound, [125I]TZDM. Further evaluation of [125I]IBOX is warranted to confirm the Abeta plaque labeling properties in vivo.
Collapse
|
141
|
Yu ML, Chuang WL, Chen SC, Dai CY, Hou C, Wang JH, Lu SN, Huang JF, Lin ZY, Hsieh MY, Tsai JF, Wang LY, Chang WY. Changing prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes: molecular epidemiology and clinical implications in the hepatitis C virus hyperendemic areas and a tertiary referral center in Taiwan. J Med Virol 2001. [PMID: 11505444 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution in Taiwan and to clarify the relationship between genotype and the pathogenesis of HCV infection, 1,164 subjects positive for serum HCV antibodies and HCV RNA from three HCV hyperendemic areas (Masago, Tzukuan, and Taoyuan) and a tertiary referral center in Taiwan were studied during 1995-1997. HCV genotypes and viral loads were determined using Okamoto's method and branched DNA assay, respectively. Genotype 1b was the most prevalent in Tzukuan (61.9%), Taoyuan (76.9%), and the referral center (47.0%). By contrast, genotype 2a was the major HCV type in Masago (63.5%). Prevalence of genotype 1b positively and that of genotype 2a negatively correlated to age, regardless of study populations (P < 0.01). Based on multivariate analysis, the significant factors associated with the presence of cirrhosis, with or without hepatocellular carcinoma, in chronic hepatitis C patients were genotype 1b and age. In conclusion, these results underline that independent HCV outbreaks continue in HCV hyperendemic areas in Taiwan, concomitant with a changing relative prevalence of HCV genotypes in relation to age. Both the correlation of genotype 1b with age (cohort effect) and intrinsic properties of HCV genotypes are probably responsible for the association between genotype and the pathogenesis of HCV infection.
Collapse
|
142
|
Liu C, Miao J, He Z, Zhu P, Bai H, Zhou Q, Hou C. [Spiral CT study of superior vena cava syndrome: correlation between collateral pathways and obstruction site and degree]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2001; 4:347-50. [PMID: 21059314 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2001.05.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the collateral pathways of superior vena cava syndrome ( SVCS) . METHODS Thirty-one spiral CT phlebograms of patients with SVCS were obtained. Superior vena cava was divided into upper and lower segment by azygos arch, and the collateral pathways were divided into anterior and posterior groups according to their sites in the chest wall. The distribution of collateral pathways and obstruction site and degree of SVC were observed and analysed statistically . The drainage of SVCS was determined. RESULTS Anterior group of collateral pathways, vertebral venous plexus and posterior intercostal veins were related to obstruction of upper segment of SVC ( P < 0. 05) . Obstruction of the lower part of SVC has relation to the hemiazygos vein ( P < 0. 05) . The correlation between obstructive degree and distribution of collateral pathways was not distinct in this study ( P > 0. 05) . When obstruction of upper segment of SVC occurred, blood could return to heart through azygos vein or anterior group vessels. While lower segment of SVC was occluded, blood could reflux through azygos vein and hemiazygos vein to right atrium. CONCLUSIONS Distribution of collateral pathways in SVCS is closely related to the obstruction site of SVC, but not to the degree of obstruction.
Collapse
|
143
|
Acton PD, Choi SR, Hou C, Plössl K, Kung HF. Quantification of serotonin transporters in nonhuman primates using [(123)I]ADAM and SPECT. J Nucl Med 2001; 42:1556-62. [PMID: 11585873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We reported recently a highly selective radioligand, 2-([2-([dimethylamino]methyl)phenyl]thio)-5-[(123)I]iodophenylamine (ADAM), for SPECT imaging of serotonin transporters (SERT). In this article we describe the kinetic modeling of [(123)I]ADAM and its ability to quantitatively and reproducibly measure the concentrations of SERT in the nonhuman primate brain. We also investigate simplified models of tracer behavior that do not require invasive arterial blood sampling. METHODS Three female baboons each underwent 3 [(123)I]ADAM SPECT studies. The studies consisted of a dynamic sequence of seventy-two 5-min scans after injection of 330 +/- 50 MBq (mean +/- SD) [(123)I]ADAM. Rapid arterial blood samples were obtained and corrected for the presence of labeled metabolites. Dynamic imaging and metabolite-corrected plasma data were analyzed using graphic analysis to give the distribution volumes (DVs) of different brain regions. DV ratios (DVRs) of target to cerebellum were derived and compared against a kinetic reference tissue model and simple target-to-background ratio. RESULTS Averaged over all 9 scans, the mean DV in the midbrain was 4.86 +/- 1.06 mL/mL and the mean DV in the cerebellum was 2.25 +/- 0.48 mL/mL. The mean test-retest repeatability of the midbrain DV was 14.5%. The reference tissue model gave a mean midbrain DVR of 2.01 +/- 0.17 and correlated strongly with the DVR calculated from the full kinetic model (correlation coefficient [R(2)] = 0.94; P < 0.001), but with much improved repeatability (test-retest, 5.4%; intersubject variability, 5.2%). Similarly, the simple ratio method gave strong correlations with the full kinetic model (R(2) = 0.89; P < 0.001) and a test-retest of 7.6%. CONCLUSION Accurate, repeatable quantification of SERT in the nonhuman primate brain is possible using kinetic modeling of dynamic [(123)I]ADAM SPECT scans. Simplified models, which do not require arterial blood sampling, gave accurate results that correlated strongly with the full kinetic model. The test-retest reliability of the simplified reference region models was excellent. Quantification of SERT is possible using full kinetic modeling and also with simpler reference region methods.
Collapse
|
144
|
Guo Z, Yang J, Liu X, Li X, Hou C, Tang PH, Mao N. Biological features of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:950-3. [PMID: 11780389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human bone marrow. METHODS A culture of mesenchymal stem cells was initiated from bone marrow low-density mononuclear cells separated by Percoll Centrifugation and maintained in low-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% selected fetal calf serum. Cell growth pattern and its responses to cytokines were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and MTT test, respectively. Cell cycle and surface antigenic features were analyzed by flow cytometry technique. Cytochemistry characteristics of MSCs were determined. RESULTS Easy-handling methods to isolate and culture expand MSCs were developed in this study. MSCs were unique in their phenotypes. They were positive for CD29, CD44, CD166, and negative for CD34, CD45, HLA-DR and Ulex europaeus. Cytochemistry evaluation showed that MSCs were homogeneously positive for acid alpha-naphthl acetate esterase (ANAE), glycogen (periodic acid Schiff reaction, PAS), and negative for acid phosphatase (ACP) and the Sudan black reaction (SB). Around 5% of them were positive for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The cells had a population doubling time of 30 hours and cell cycle analysis showed that approximately 10% of them were in S phase. MSCs grew at significantly different rates when incubated in the presence of various recombinant human cytokines, of which interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, stem cell factor and insulin-like growth factor promoted the proliferation of MSCs dramatically, while others tested had no effects on cell growth. CONCLUSIONS MSCs are a homogenous population of cells that have unique growth, phenotypical and cytochemical characteristics. Furthermore, the diverse responses of MSCs to different cytokines provide a clue for the selection of optimal expansion and maintenance of MSCs.
Collapse
|
145
|
Wang SH, Han J, Hou C, Sung RJ. Electrophysiologic characteristics of ventricular extrastimulation-induced dissipation of functional bundle branch block associated with supraventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001; 12:928-34. [PMID: 11513445 DOI: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2001.00928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Linking-related anterograde functional bundle branch block during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is due to repetitive concealed retrograde conduction of impulses from the contralateral bundle branch and can be eliminated by a critically timed premature ventricular beat (PVB). We assessed the electrophysiologic characteristics of PVB-induced dissipation of functional bundle branch block during SVT. METHODS AND RESULTS During SVT with functional bundle branch block, PVB was delivered from the right ventricular apex, scanning the tachycardia cycle length (CL) with 10-msec decrements in the coupling interval in 14 patients (3 AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and 11 orthodromic AV reciprocating tachycardia). Dissipation was achieved in group 1: functional right bundle branch block (RBBB) in 4, functional left bundle branch block (LBBB) in 4, and both functional RBBB and LBBB in 1 with a dissipation zone occupying 4% to 13% (mean 8.5%) of the tachycardia CL. The outer limits were 22+/-16 msec and 68+/-14 msec < tachycardia CL; the inner limits were 56+/-18 msec and 90+/-24 msec < tachycardia CL for RBBB and LBBB, respectively (both P < 0.05). Dissipation could not be achieved in group 2 (4 RBBB and 1 LBBB) due to CL-dependent bundle branch block and/or local ventricular refractoriness. CONCLUSION During SVT, functional bundle branch block due to "linking" often can be dissipated by timely PVB delivered from the right ventricular apex within a narrow zone of the tachycardia CL. Our findings suggest that the dissipation zone is affected by the pattern of functional bundle branch block relative to the site of PVB delivery.
Collapse
|
146
|
Lee CW, Zhuang ZP, Kung MP, Plössl K, Skovronsky D, Gur T, Hou C, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Kung HF. Isomerization of (Z,Z) to (E,E)1-bromo-2,5-bis-(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene in strong base: probes for amyloid plaques in the brain. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2270-5. [PMID: 11428920 DOI: 10.1021/jm010161t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In developing probes for detecting beta-amyloid (Abeta) plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we have synthesized 1-bromo-2,5-bis-(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene (5, BSB). Due to the presence of two double bonds, formation of four different isomers is possible. Four isomers, E,E-5, E,Z-5, Z,E-5, and Z,Z-5, were prepared. Surprisingly, all showed strong fluorescent labeling of Abeta plaques in the brain of postmortem brain sections of patients with confirmed AD. In vitro binding assay also showed that all four isomers of BSB (E,E-5, E,Z-5, Z,E-5, and Z,Z-5) displayed a similar high binding affinity inhibiting the binding of [(125)I]E,E-6, 1-iodo-2,5-bis-(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-methoxy)styrylbenzene (IMSB) to Abeta(1-40) aggregates. The inhibition constants (K(i)) of E,E-5, E,Z-5, Z,E-5, and Z,Z-5 were 0.11 +/- 0.01, 0.19 +/- 0.03, 0.27 +/- 0.06, and 0.13 +/- 0.02 nM, respectively. Due to the fact that geometric stability of these styrylbenzenes is unknown, and the conversion of Z,Z-5 to E,E-5 may occur automatically in the binding or labeling assaying conditions, we have investigated the kinetics of conversion of Z,Z-5 to E,E-5 by NMR in D(2)O/NaOD at elevated temperatures (70, 95, and 115 degrees C). The activation energy was determined to be 14.15 kcal/mol. The results strongly suggest that the isomeric conversion at room temperature in aqueous buffer solution is unlikely. All of the styrylbenzene isomers clearly showed potential as useful tools for studying Abeta aggregates in the brain. The data suggest that, despite the rigidity of this series of styrylbenzenes, the binding sites on Abeta aggregates may have certain flexibility and the binding pockets could be adaptable for binding to other smaller ligands. Such information could be exploited to develop new ligands for detecting amyloid plaques in AD.
Collapse
|
147
|
Liu H, Mao N, Hou C, Li X, Shen B, Tang PH. Protective effect of human CD40-Ig fusion protein in a murine model of acute graft-versus-host disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:685-9. [PMID: 11780327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of blocking CD40/CD40L interactions with human CD40-Ig fusion protein in a murine graft-versus-host disease model. METHODS Human CD40 gene extracellular region was inserted into plasmid pIG1, which contains genomic human IgG1 Fc gene. A transient vector containing CD40-Fc fusion gene was transfected into COS-7 cells. The CD40-Ig fusion protein was detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A constitutive vector was also generated by ligating the CD40-Fc fusion gene into pcDNA3.1 and transfecting it into CHO cells. CD40-Ig was purified by protein A affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ligand binding assay were used to identify the qualities of CD40-Ig. Murine acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was induced by intravenous injection of C57BL/6J (H-2b) spleen cells into sub-lethally irradiated BALB/c (H-2d) mice. Protective effects against murine graft-versus-host disease by in vivo administration of CD40-Ig were evaluated. RESULTS Mammalian expression vectors pIG/40Ig and p3.1/40Ig were constructed as described above. Chimeric proteins were expressed in COS-7 and CHO cell culture supernatant and confirmed by ELISA and Western blot. SDS-PAGE showed that fusion proteins had a disulfide-bonded dimeric structure and existed as homodimer. Purified CD40-Ig could bind to CD40L. In vivo administration of CD40-Ig could prevent the development of GVHD and significantly prolong the mean survival time of mice with graft-versus-host disease. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CD40/CD40L interactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease and suggest clinical potential for CD40-Ig in the prevention and treatment of human graft-versus-host disease.
Collapse
|
148
|
Zhuang ZP, Kung MP, Hou C, Skovronsky DM, Gur TL, Plössl K, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Kung HF. Radioiodinated styrylbenzenes and thioflavins as probes for amyloid aggregates. J Med Chem 2001; 44:1905-14. [PMID: 11384236 DOI: 10.1021/jm010045q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time that small molecule-based radiodiodinated ligands, showing selective binding to Abeta aggregates, cross the intact blood-brain barrier by simple diffusion. Four novel ligands showing preferential labeling of amyloid aggregates of Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) peptides, commonly associated with plaques in the brain of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), were developed. Two 125I-labeled styrylbenzenes, (E,E)-1-iodo-2,5-bis(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy)styrylbenzene, 12 (ISB), and (E,E)-1-iodo-2,5-bis(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-methoxy)styrylbenzene, 13 (IMSB), and two 125I-labeled thioflavins, 2-[4'-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-6-iodobenzothiazole, 18a (TZDM), and 2-[4'-(4''-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-6-iodobenzothiazole, 18b (TZPI), were prepared at a high specific activity (2200 Ci/mmol). In vitro binding studies of these ligands showed excellent binding affinities with Kd values of 0.08, 0.13, 0.06, and 0.13 nM for aggregates of Abeta(1-40) and 0.15, 0.73, 0.14, and 0.15 nM for aggregates of Abeta(1-42), respectively. Interestingly, under a competitive-binding assaying condition, different binding sites on Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) aggregates, which are mutually exclusive, were observed for styrylbenzenes and thioflavins. Autoradiography studies of postmortem brain sections of a patient with Down's syndrome known to contain primarily Abeta(1-42) aggregates in the brain showed that both [(125)I]18a and [125I]18b labeled these brain sections, but [125I]13, selective for Abeta(1-40) aggregates, exhibited very low labeling of the comparable brain section. Biodistribution studies in normal mice after an iv injection showed that [125I]18a and [(125)I]18b exhibited excellent brain uptake and retention, the levels of which were much higher than those of [125I]12 and [125I]13. These findings strongly suggest that the new radioiodinated ligands, [125I]12 (ISB), [125I]13 (IMSB), [125I]18a (TZDM), and [125I]18b (TZPI), may be useful as biomarkers for studying Abeta(1-40) as well as Abeta(1-42) aggregates of amyloidogenesis in AD patients.
Collapse
|
149
|
Bragg PD, Hou C. Characterization of mutants of beta histidine91, beta aspartate213, and beta asparagine222, possible components of the energy transduction pathway of the proton-translocating pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 388:299-307. [PMID: 11368169 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roles of three residues (betaHis91, betaAsp213, and betaAsn222) implicated in energy transduction in the membrane-spanning domain II of the proton-translocating pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase of Escherichia coli have been examined using site-directed mutagenesis. All mutations affected transhydrogenation and proton pumping activities, although to various extents. Replacing betaHis91 or betaAsn222 of domain II by the basic residues lysine or arginine resulted in occlusion of NADP(H) at the NADP(H)-binding site of domain III. This was not seen with betaD213K or betaD213R mutants. It is suggested that betaHis91 and betaAsn222 interact with betaAsp392, a residue probably involved in initiating conformational changes at the NADP(H)-binding site in the normal catalytic cycle of the enzyme (M. Jeeves et al. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1459, 248-257). The introduced positive charges in the betaHis91 and betaAsn222 mutants might stabilize the carboxyl group of betaAsp392 in its anionic form, thus locking the NADP(H)-binding site in the occluded conformation. In comparison with the nonmutant enzyme, and those of mutants of betaAsp213, most mutant enzymes at betaHis91 and betaAsn222 bound NADP(H) more slowly at the NADP(H)-binding site. This is consistent with the effect of these two residues on the binding site. We could not demonstrate by mutation or crosslinking or through the formation of eximers with pyrene maleimide that betaHis91 and betaAsn222 were in proximity in domain II.
Collapse
|
150
|
Zhuang ZP, Kung MP, Hou C, Lee CW, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Kung HF. Radioiodinated styrylbenzene derivatives as probes for imaging amyloid. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580440182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|