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Guentsch A, Hirsch C, Pfister W, Vincents B, Abrahamson M, Sroka A, Potempa J, Eick S. Cleavage of IgG1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:458-65. [PMID: 23116446 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 plays an important role in the adaptive immune response. Kgp, a lysine-specific cysteine protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis, specifically hydrolyses IgG1 heavy chains. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cleavage of IgG1 occurs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in vivo, and whether there is any association with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF was obtained from nine patients with aggressive periodontitis, nine with chronic periodontitis and five periodontally healthy individuals. The bacterial loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the presence and cleavage of IgG1 and IgG2 were determined using Western blotting. Kgp levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Cleaved IgG1 was identified in the GCF from 67% of patients with aggressive periodontitis and in 44% of patients with chronic periodontitis. By contrast, no cleaved IgG1 was detectable in healthy controls. No degradation of IgG2 was detected in any of the samples, regardless of health status. Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in high numbers in all samples in which cleavage of IgG1 was detected (P < 0.001 compared with samples with no IgG cleavage). Furthermore, high numbers of Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia were also present in these samples. The level of Kgp in the GCF correlated with the load of Porphyromonas gingivalis (r = 0.425, P < 0.01). The presence of Kgp (range 0.07-10.98 ng/mL) was associated with proteolytic fragments of IgG1 (P < 0.001). However, cleaved IgG1 was also detected in samples with no detectable Kgp. CONCLUSION In patients with periodontitis, cleavage of IgG1 occurs in vivo and may suppress antibody-dependent antibacterial activity in subgingival biofilms especially those colonized by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Buerki-Thurnherr T, Xiao L, Diener L, Arslan O, Hirsch C, Maeder-Althaus X, Grieder K, Wampfler B, Mathur S, Wick P, Krug HF. In vitromechanistic study towards a better understanding of ZnO nanoparticle toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:402-16. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.666575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Silbergeld EK, Contreras EQ, Hartung T, Hirsch C, Hogberg H, Jachak AC, Jordan W, Landsiedel R, Morris J, Patri A, Pounds JG, de Vizcaya Ruiz A, Shvedova A, Tanguay R, Tatarazako N, van Vliet E, Walker NJ, Wiesner M, Wilcox N, Zurlo J. t⁴ workshop report. Nanotoxicology: "the end of the beginning" - signs on the roadmap to a strategy for assuring the safe application and use of nanomaterials. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2012; 28:236-41. [PMID: 21993959 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2011.3.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In October 2010, a group of experts met as part of the transatlantic think tank for toxicology (t4) to exchange ideas about the current status and future of safety testing of nanomaterials. At present, there is no widely accepted path forward to assure appropriate and effective hazard identification for engineered nanomaterials. The group discussed needs for characterization of nanomaterials and identified testing protocols that incorporate the use of innovative alternative whole models such as zebrafish or C. elegans, as well as in vitro or alternative methods to examine specific functional pathways and modes of action. The group proposed elements of a potential testing scheme for nanomaterials that works towards an integrated testing strategy, incorporating the goals of the NRC report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy by focusing on pathways of toxic response, and utilizing an evidence-based strategy for developing the knowledge base for safety assessment. Finally, the group recommended that a reliable, open, curated database be developed that interfaces with existing databases to enable sharing of information.
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Hirsch C, Roesslein M, Krug HF, Wick P. Nanomaterial cell interactions: are current in vitro tests reliable? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:837-47. [PMID: 21793675 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New properties of engineered nanomaterials raise great expectations for industrial, scientific as well as medical applications. At the same time concerns among consumers regarding the safety aspects of this new technology emerge. Furthermore, among the multitude of published studies, a considerable number do not reveal reliable data. Thus, standardized, validated, reliable, robust, reproducible and intelligent testing strategies are urgently needed that address nanomaterial toxicity. This article discusses the reliability of currently used in vitro toxicity assays. It covers major problems, pitfalls and challenges of assay performance and validation. We recommend a series of different controls to improve the experimental quality and, thus, also the reliability and reproducibility of current in vitro systems. These recommendations consequently applied in the future will increase the safe and sustainable use of nanotechnology.
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Hirsch C, Kaiser JP, Wessling F, Fischer K, Roesslein M, Wick P, Krug HF. A novel comprehensive evaluation platform to assess nanoparticle toxicityin vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/304/1/012053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Soubeyrand M, Wassermann V, Hirsch C, Oberlin C, Gagey O, Dumontier C. The middle radioulnar joint and triarticular forearm complex. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2011; 36:447-54. [PMID: 21447533 DOI: 10.1177/1753193410396976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The forearm is composed of the radial and ulnar shafts, which are linked by the interosseous membrane and intercalated between the elbow and wrist. The radius and ulna are connected by three joints, the proximal, middle, and distal radioulnar joints. The forearm ensures pronation/supination and longitudinal load transfer. The biomechanical and clinical relevance of the proximal and distal radioulnar joints is well established. In contrast, the middle radioulnar joint was considered relatively unimportant until studies published in the last decade showed that it fulfils crucial biomechanical functions and is of considerable clinical significance. We believe the conventional concept in which the forearm is viewed as part of either the elbow or the wrist is outdated and that a more relevant concept describes the forearm as a triarticular complex that functions as a full-fledged entity. In this concept, the three forearm radioulnar joints (proximal, middle, distal) work together to provide stability, mobility and load transfer. Here, we will argue for the relevance of the triarticular complex concept based on published data about forearm biomechanics and pathological conditions.
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Hirsch C, Anderson PA. The reaction of intervertebral discs to compression forces. SAS JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esas.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krey KF, Hirsch C. Frequency of orthodontic treatment in German children and adolescents: influence of age, gender, and socio-economic status. Eur J Orthod 2011; 34:152-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjq155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hirsch C. Pathologie und Therapie der Lungenentzündung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1143277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Leidl L, Mayanja-Kizza H, Sotgiu G, Baseke J, Ernst M, Hirsch C, Goletti D, Toossi Z, Lange C. Relationship of immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis and numbers of circulating CD4+ T-cells in HIV infection. Eur Respir J 2009; 35:619-26. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00045509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hirsch C, Kaiser E, Petersén I. Bioelectrical Control in a Servo-System: Analysis and Application of Muscle Action Potentials in An Experimental Hand Prosthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/17453676508989334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Belyanskaya L, Weigel S, Hirsch C, Tobler U, Krug HF, Wick P. Effects of carbon nanotubes on primary neurons and glial cells. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30:702-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hirsch C, Loeb O. Ueber Arteriosklerose. I.: Zur Pathogenese und Physik der Arteriosklerose. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1128736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mayanja-Kizza H, Wu M, Aung H, Liu S, Luzze H, Hirsch C, Toossi Z. The Interaction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α inMycobacterium tuberculosis-induced HIV-1 Replication at Sites of Active Tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:516-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wäsle J, Winkler A, Weyermann F, Hirsch C, Sattelmayer T. A Model for Turbulent Combustion Noise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3813/aaa.918163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Spohn P, Hirsch C, Hasler F, Bruinink A, Krug HF, Wick P. C60 fullerene: a powerful antioxidant or a damaging agent? The importance of an in-depth material characterization prior to toxicity assays. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:1134-1139. [PMID: 18824284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of fullerenes in 1985, these carbon nanospheres have attracted attention regarding their physico/chemical properties. Despite little knowledge about their impact on the environment and human health, the production of fullerenes has already reached an industrial scale. However, the toxicity of C(60) is still controversially discussed. The aim of this study was to clarify the biological effects of tetrahydrofuran (THF) suspended C(60) fullerene in comparison to water stirred C(60) fullerene suspensions. Beyond that, we analyzed the effects on the Crustacea Daphnia magna an indicator for ecotoxicological effects and the human lung epithelial cell line A549 as a simplified model for the respiratory tract. We could demonstrate that water-soluble side products which were formed in THF nC(60) suspension were responsible for the observed acute toxic effects, whereas fullerenes themselves had no negative effect regardless of the preparative route on either A549 cell in vitro or D. magna in vivo.
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Leidl L, Manyanja-Kizza H, Baseke J, Hirsch C, Goletti D, Toossi Z, Lange C. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-seropositive individuals by interferon-gamma release assays. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Resnick SM, Espeland MA, Jaramillo SA, Hirsch C, Stefanick ML, Murray AM, Ockene J, Davatzikos C. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and regional brain volumes: the WHIMS-MRI Study. Neurology 2009; 72:135-42. [PMID: 19139364 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000339037.76336.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether menopausal hormone therapy (HT) affects regional brain volumes, including hippocampal and frontal regions. METHODS Brain MRI scans were obtained in a subset of 1,403 women aged 71-89 years who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). WHIMS was an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative, which consisted of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials: 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with or without 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in one daily tablet. Scans were performed, on average, 3.0 years post-trial for the CEE + MPA trial and 1.4 years post-trial for the CEE-Alone trial; average on-trial follow-up intervals were 4.0 years for CEE + MPA and 5.6 years for CEE-Alone. Total brain, ventricular, hippocampal, and frontal lobe volumes, adjusted for age, clinic site, estimated intracranial volume, and dementia risk factors, were the main outcome variables. RESULTS Compared with placebo, covariate-adjusted mean frontal lobe volume was 2.37 cm(3) lower among women assigned to HT (p = 0.004), mean hippocampal volume was slightly (0.10 cm(3)) lower (p = 0.05), and differences in total brain volume approached significance (p = 0.07). Results were similar for CEE + MPA and CEE-Alone. HT-associated reductions in hippocampal volumes were greatest in women with the lowest baseline Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores (scores <90). CONCLUSIONS Conjugated equine estrogens with or without MPA are associated with greater brain atrophy among women aged 65 years and older; however, the adverse effects are most evident in women experiencing cognitive deficits before initiating hormone therapy.
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Leopold L, Mayanja Kizza H, Baseke J, Hirsch C, Goletti D, Kalsdorf B, Toossi Z, Lange C. Comparison of T-cell interferon gamma release assays with the tuberculin skin test for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-seropositive individuals from a country of high tuberculosis prevalence. An interim analysis. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hirsch C, Campano LM, Wöhrle S, Hecht A. Canonical Wnt signaling transiently stimulates proliferation and enhances neurogenesis in neonatal neural progenitor cultures. Exp Cell Res 2006; 313:572-87. [PMID: 17198701 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling triggers the formation of heterodimeric transcription factor complexes consisting of beta-catenin and T cell factors, and thereby controls the execution of specific genetic programs. During the expansion and neurogenic phases of embryonic neural development canonical Wnt signaling initially controls proliferation of neural progenitor cells, and later neuronal differentiation. Whether Wnt growth factors affect neural progenitor cells postnatally is not known. Therefore, we have analyzed the impact of Wnt signaling on neural progenitors isolated from cerebral cortices of newborn mice. Expression profiling of pathway components revealed that these cells are fully equipped to respond to Wnt signals. However, Wnt pathway activation affected only a subset of neonatal progenitors and elicited a limited increase in proliferation and neuronal differentiation in distinct subsets of cells. Moreover, Wnt pathway activation only transiently stimulated S-phase entry but did not support long-term proliferation of progenitor cultures. The dampened nature of the Wnt response correlates with the predominant expression of inhibitory pathway components and the rapid actuation of negative feedback mechanisms. Interestingly, in differentiating cell cultures activation of canonical Wnt signaling reduced Hes1 and Hes5 expression suggesting that during postnatal neural development, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling enhances neurogenesis from progenitor cells by interfering with Notch pathway activity.
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Kröger K, Weiland D, Ose C, Neumann N, Weiss S, Hirsch C, Urbanski K, Seeber S, Scheulen ME. Risk factors for venous thromboembolic events in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2006; 17:297-303. [PMID: 16282243 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdj068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients of the Department of Internal Medicine (Cancer Research) of the Essen University Medical School (Tumor Clinics), Germany, were examined and questioned with the aim of identifying those who run a high risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between September 2002 and April 2003, cancer therapy and DVT risk factors of 507 cancer patients (53% males, 47% females, mean age 56+/-12 years) were documented. During a mean follow-up of 8+/-5 months, 60 patients (12%) suffered from new venous thromboembolic events (VTE): 28 at the lower limb, 25 at the upper limb and 13 pulmonary embolisms. RESULTS The following factors were considered as predictive for an increased VTE risk: inpatient treatment (P<0.0001), prior DVT in medical history (P=0.0275), DVT in family (P=0.0598), chemotherapy (P=0.0080), fever (P=0.0093) and CRP (P<0.001). After combining factors in one variable (number of factors) the predicted VTE risk increased with the number of factors in both outpatients (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.18-2.88, P=0.0071) and inpatients (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.63-3.36, P<or=0.0001). In the absence of all these factors the predicted VTE risk was 2.3%, increasing to 72% if all were present. CONCLUSIONS In cancer patients the risk of VTE steadily increases with the number of risk factors, and identification of patients at high risk is possible.
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Toossi Z, Mayanja-Kizza H, Baseke J, Peters P, Wu M, Abraha A, Aung H, Okwera A, Hirsch C, Arts E. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) by beta-chemokine analogues in mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected patients with active tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 142:327-32. [PMID: 16232220 PMCID: PMC1809505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) enhances human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) activity in patients with dual HIV-1/TB infection. Therapies that control augmentations of HIV-1 activity at sites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection may be useful in inhibition of viral expansion. Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) analogues (AOP and NNY) are potent in inhibiting the entry of primary HIV-1 isolates into host mononuclear cells. These analogues were used to inhibit MTB-induced HIV-1 entry in blood monunuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with pulmonary TB, and pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC) from patients with pleural TB. PBMC or PFMC were cultured with and without MTB in presence and absence of RANTES analogues. HIV-1 strong stop DNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a measure of infection. CCR5 mRNA was assessed by real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and by immunostaining and FACS analysis. HIV-1 infection was induced by MTB in vitro in PBMC from the majority (14 of 20) of HIV-1/TB subjects, and new infection was inhibited by AOP- or NNY-RANTES. HIV-1 infection was also inhibited by these reagents in MTB-induced PFMC from three of three patients with pleural TB. Expression of CCR5 mRNA was significantly induced by MTB in PBMC from patients with pulmonary TB. Further, expression of CCR5 was higher in PFMC compared to PBMC from patients with pleural TB. Also, CCR5 was fourfold higher on CD14(+) pleural mononuclear cells than on CD4(+) lymphocytes. Blocking new HIV-1 infection of mononuclear cells may be useful in control of HIV-1 during dual HIV-1/TB infection.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL5/analogs & derivatives
- Chemokine CCL5/pharmacology
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Female
- HIV Infections/complications
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/drug effects
- HIV-1/isolation & purification
- HIV-1/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Tuberculosis/complications
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/complications
- Tuberculosis, Pleural/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
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