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Yang LC, Zhang RT, Xu L, Wang YT, Xu DX, Zhu D, Tang YD. [Effect of "one-stop" outpatient management on the control rate of multiple metabolic disorders patients]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:3698-3703. [PMID: 36509542 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220531-01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of "one-stop" outpatient management on the therapeutic schedule and control rate of patients with metabolic disorders. Methods: A total of 332 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and treated regularly in the "one-stop" outpatient department of the Department of Cardiology of the Third Hospital of Peking University from November 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022. The general information, personal history, family history, drug treatment plan, blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference of patients were collected through the outpatient electronic medical record system, and patients were followed up through conducting "one-stop" comprehensive management. The baseline clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the changes of metabolic indexes, treatment conditions and control rate of patients with different metabolic disorders before and after the "one-stop" outpatient management were compared. Results: The time interval between the first visit and the last visit was 44 (26, 60) weeks in 332 patients, whose age was (57.2±13.2) years, including 219 males (66.0%). After the "one-stop" outpatient management, fasting blood glucose (FBG) [ 6.6 (5.6, 7.9) mmol/L vs 6.3 (5.6, 6.9) mmol/L], glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [ (7.2±1.5) % vs (6.6±0.8) %], low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) [ 2.70 (1.97, 3.55) mmol/L vs 2.04 (1.66, 2.63) mmol/L] and blood uric acid (UA) [ (383.7±107.1) μmol/L vs (341.2±90.6) μmol/L] all decreased significantly (all P values<0.05). The control rates of hypertension (19.8% vs 28.2%), diabetes (45.2% vs 66.5%), hyperlipidemia (54.9% vs 87.6%) and hyperuricemia (16.7% vs 49.0%) were significantly improved after the "one-stop" outpatient management (all P values<0.05). Conclusion: The "one-stop" outpatient management of cardiovascular department can significantly improve the metabolic condition and the control rate of patients with multiple metabolic disorders.
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Ning HJ, Ma X, Zhu D, Gong YZ, Yao KY, Zhang YL, Zhong XM. [Diagnostic value and application of 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease]. ZHONGHUA ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2022; 60:1312-1316. [PMID: 36444436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20221028-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value and application of 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (24 h MII-pH) monitoring in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. From January 2013 to December, 2020, 417 patients who received 24 h MII-pH monitoring in Department of Gastroenterology of Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics were included. According to results, these children were divided into the GERD and non-GERD groups. Furthermore, the 132 children with GERD who had gastroscopy were divided into the reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease (NE) groups to investigate the differences in their refluxes. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test or indepentent sample t test was used for comparisons between the groups. Results: Among the 417 children, 232 were males and 185 females, aged (7.3±3.9) years. The course of disease was 0.5 (0.1, 2.0) years. The main clinical symptoms included acid reflux (128 cases), vomiting (173 cases), abdominal pain (101 cases), and cough (76 cases). The 24 h MII-pH monitoring were positive in 243 children (58.3%, 243/417), which was higher than that by 24 h esophageal pH monitoring (43.6%, 182/417). The 24 h MII-pH monitoring results demonstrated significant differences in the episodes of acid reflux, weakly acidic reflux, non-acidic reflux, liquid reflux and mixed reflux between GERD and non-GERD groups (10 (4, 19) vs. 4 (1, 9) times/24 h, 14 (6, 32) vs. 7 (3, 13) times/24 h, 0 (0, 0) vs. 0 (0, 0) times/24 h, 19 (10, 34) vs. 8 (3, 14) times/24 h, and 6 (2, 12) vs. 3 (1, 5) times/24 h, Z=-6.96, -7.25, -5.62, -8.75, and -6.48, all P<0.05, respectively). Besides, the results also showed significant differences in Boix-Ochoa score, episodes of long reflux, course of long reflux, and episodes of weakly acidic reflux between the RE and NE groups (51.2 (21.4, 153.2) vs. 20.7 (12.1, 34.7), 5 (2, 10) vs. 1 (0, 4) times/24 h, 19 (7, 87) vs. 8 (3, 22) min, and 5 (2, 15) vs. 15 (6, 33) times/24 h, Z=-3.44, -3.41, -2.65, and -2.27, all P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: 24 h MII-pH monitoring not only improves the detection rate of GERD in children, but also provides a possibility to early etiological diagnosis.
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Madadi M, Shah SWA, Sun C, Wang W, Ali SS, Khan A, Arif M, Zhu D. Efficient co-production of xylooligosaccharides and glucose from lignocelluloses by acid/pentanol pretreatment: Synergetic role of lignin removal and inhibitors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128171. [PMID: 36283660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel technology for co-production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and glucose from Monterey pine sawdust and wheat straw was introduced using dilute acid (DA)/pentanol pretreatment. Effects of pretreatment severity (PS), lignin removal, and inhibitors with byproduct concentrations on XOS production were investigated. Optimal identified conditions (PS: 3.71; 170 °C, 45 min) resulted in maximum XOS of 48.65 % (pine sawdust) and 46.85 % (wheat straw), due to appropriate lignin removal (pine sawdust, 88.5 %; wheat straw, 89.7 %) and formation of small amounts of inhibitors and byproducts. Enzymatic hydrolysis of optimal pretreated solid residues yielded 88.65 % and 93.34 % glucose in pine sawdust and wheat straw, respectively. Biomass characterization revealed that DA/pentanol pretreatment enhanced porosity and pore size along with removal of amorphous fractions in both samples, thereby increasing cellulose accessibility and glucose yield. This study demonstrated lignin removal and low formation of inhibitors and byproducts, effectively enhancing XOS and glucose production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Zhu D, Wang XL, Dai Y, Li SY, Wang WH. [Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication treatment on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2022; 102:3382-3387. [PMID: 36372768 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20220316-00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the effects of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and eradication therapy on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Methods: From September to December 2021, patients with abdominal symptoms who received 13C urea breath test at the Department of Gastroenterology in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled.13C urea breath test was used to detect H. pylori infection and patients were divided into H. pylori positive and negative groups accordingly. Lactulose hydrogen methane breath test was performed to determine SIBO. H. pylori positive patients were treated with quadruple therapy including amoxicillin, metronidazole, rabeprazole and bismuth potassium citrate. 13C urea breath test and lactulose hydrogen methane breath test were reexamined 6 weeks after the treatment. Results: A total of 102 patients (49 males and 53 females) were enrolled, with a mean age of (42.1±9.9) years. Among them, 49 patients were H. pylori negative and 53 were H. pylori positive. Moreover, 47 patients were SIBO positive and 55 were SIBO negative. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, abdominal symptoms and the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis between H. pylori positive and negative patients at the enrollment (all P>0.05). The detection rate of SIBO in H. pylori infected patients was higher than that in uninfected patients, and the difference was statistically significant (60.4% vs 30.6%, P=0.003). Patients with SIBO had significantly more frequent abdominal distension (36.2% vs 10.9%, P=0.002) and constipation (27.7% vs 1.8%, P<0.001) than patients without SIBO. The rate of SIBO after H. pylori eradication treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (20.8% vs 60.4%, P<0.001). The remission rate of SIBO after eradication therapy was 66.7% (20/30). Besides, patients had obvious improvement of constipation (6.0% vs 18.9%, P=0.008), and the incidence of other abdominal symptoms decreased to various degrees including diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and poor appetite. Conclusion: H. pylori infection increases the risk of SIBO, and the quadruple regimen containing amoxicillin and metronidazole has a therapeutic effect for patients with H.pylori infection and concomitant SIBO.
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Lin Q, Ding K, Zhao R, Wang H, Ren L, Wei Y, Ye Q, Cui Y, He G, Tang W, Feng Q, Zhu D, Chang W, Lv Y, Mao Y, Wang X, Liang L, Zhou G, Liang F, Xu J. 43O Preoperative chemotherapy prior to primary tumor resection for colorectal cancer patients with asymptomatic resectable primary lesion and synchronous unresectable liver-limited metastases (RECUT): A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Li XY, Li CP, Zhang CY, Zhang S, Chen JX, Zhu D, Chen FW, Wu ZZ, Hou DC, Zheng CY, Hou KJ. Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 26:7996-8003. [PMID: 36394750 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1R agonist) on the lipid, glucose levels, and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 40 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our hospital from July 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group and a study group. The study group was treated with metformin and polyethylene glycol loxenatide injection, while the control group was treated with metformin. RESULTS Before treatment, there was no significant difference in FPG (Fasting Blood Glucose) and PPG (Post Prandial Glycaemia) levels between the study group and the control group (p>0.05). After a treatment period, the FPG and PPG levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05). With the longer treatment time, the patient's weight and BMI were lower (p<0.05). The weight and BMI of patients changed the least after one month of treatment, and the weight and BMI changed the most after more than seven months of treatment. After a period of treatment, the levels of FPG and PPG in the blood of male patients in the study group were significantly lower than those of female patients (p<0.05). After treatment, the TG level of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). In comparison, the HDL-C level was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lipid and glucose levels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity have decreased after 12 weeks of polyethylene glycol loxanatide use. The weight of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity has changed after using polyethylene glycol loxenatide for a period of treatment. Among them, there is a certain relationship between body weight and treatment time, gender, and original body weight, which is worthy of further research and promotion in clinical practice.
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Geng A, Jin M, Li N, Tu Z, Zhu D, Xie R, Wang Q, Sun J. Arabinan hydrolysis by GH43 enzymes of Hungateiclostridium clariflavum and the potential synergistic mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7793-7803. [PMID: 36251023 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) represents a major source of arabinan- and arabinoxylan-active enzymes. Interestingly, some microbes remarkably enriched GH genes of this family, with the reason unknown. Hungateiclostridium clariflavum DSM 19,732 is an efficient lignocellulose degrader, which harbors up to 7 GH43 genes in its genome. We cloned three of the seven GH43 genes, and found that Abn43A is a unique endoarabinanase, which unprecedently showed approximately two times larger activity on sugar beet arabinan (116.8 U/mg) than that on linear arabinan, and it is efficient in arabinooligosaccharide production. Abn43B is an exoarabinanase which directly releases arabinose from linear arabinan. Abn43C is an α-L-arabinofuranosidase which is capable of splitting the arabinose side-chains from arabinooligosaccharides, arabinoxylooligosaccharides, and arabinoxylan. Most importantly, the three GH43 enzymes synergized in hydrolyzing arabinan. Compared to Abn43B alone, a supplement of Abn43A increased the arabinose production from linear arabinan by 150%, reaching 0.44 g/g arabinan. Moreover, an addition of Abn43C to Abn43A and Abn43B boosted the arabinose production from sugar beet arabinan by 15 times, reaching 0.262 g/g arabinan. Our work suggested the intensified functions of multiple GH43 enzymes toward arabinan degradation in H. clariflavum, and a potential synergetic mechanism among the three GH43 enzymes is suggested. KEY POINTS: • Endoarabinanase GH43A prefers branched substrate to linear one • Exoarabinanase GH43B can directly release arabinose from linear arabinan • The three GH43 enzymes synergized in arabinan hydrolysis.
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Krapivin V, Gu M, Hickox-Young D, Teitelbaum SW, Huang Y, de la Peña G, Zhu D, Sirica N, Lee MC, Prasankumar RP, Maznev AA, Nelson KA, Chollet M, Rondinelli JM, Reis DA, Trigo M. Ultrafast Suppression of the Ferroelectric Instability in KTaO_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:127601. [PMID: 36179158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.127601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use an x-ray free-electron laser to study the lattice dynamics following photoexcitation with ultrafast near-UV light (wavelength 266 nm, 50 fs pulse duration) of the incipient ferroelectric potassium tantalate, KTaO_{3}. By probing the lattice dynamics corresponding to multiple Brillouin zones through the x-ray diffuse scattering with pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) (wavelength 1.3 Å and <10 fs pulse duration), we observe changes in the diffuse intensity associated with a hardening of the transverse acoustic phonon branches along Γ to X and Γ to M. Using force constants from density functional theory, we fit the quasiequilibrium intensity and obtain the instantaneous lattice temperature and density of photoexcited charge carriers. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that photoexcitation transfers charge from oxygen 2p derived π-bonding orbitals to Ta 5d derived antibonding orbitals, further suppressing the ferroelectric instability and increasing the stability of the cubic, paraelectric structure.
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Fang Y, Pan H, Shou J, Chen J, Guo Q, Hong W, Rao C, Wang Y, Lu L, Yang X, Zhu D, Lan F. 1036P Anlotinib plus docetaxel vs. docetaxel as 2nd-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Updated results from ALTER-L016. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Madadi M, Song G, Karimi K, Zhu D, Elsayed M, Sun F, Abomohra A. One-step lignocellulose fractionation using acid/pentanol pretreatment for enhanced fermentable sugar and reactive lignin production with efficient pentanol retrievability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127503. [PMID: 35728765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To valorize whole lignocellulosic biomass, this study proposed a biphasic solvent system using dilute acid (DA)/pentanol pretreatment. Effects of the key factors, i.e., temperature and pentanol concentration, on aspen were evaluated. Under identified optimal pretreatment conditions (160 °C, 60% pentanol), 85% and 91% of lignin and hemicellulose were solubilized in separate organic and liquid phases, respectively, while 91.1% of cellulose was retained in solid fraction. Enzymatic digestibility efficiency of pretreated cellulose was ∼ 6.4-times higher than that of untreated biomass. Notably, excellent pentanol recovery rates were obtained after four-times recycling (84%) with great cellulose digestibility (81%) and delignification (71%) performance. The recovered lignin contained low levels of contaminated sugars (<1%), while it could stabilize and protect high amounts of β-O-4 bonds. Besides, high phenolic OH content was found in lignin, which could be utilized for lignin-based biomaterials. Therefore, DA/pentanol pretreatment is an innovative promising technology for lignocellulosic valorization towards biorefinery.
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Chabra S, Gill B, Gallo G, Zhu D, Pitou C, Payne C, Accioly A, Puig L. 288 Ixekizumab citrate-free formulation: Results from 2 clinical trials. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nawaz MZ, Attique SA, Ain QU, Alghamdi HA, Bilal M, Yan W, Zhu D. Discovery and characterization of dual inhibitors of human Vanin-1 and Vanin-2 enzymes through molecular docking and dynamic simulation-based approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:1088-1097. [PMID: 35697166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vanins are ectoenzymes with pantetheinase activity and are involved in recycling pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) from pantetheine. Elevated levels of vanin have been linked with the development and severity of several diseases, including steatosis, diabetes, skin diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases etc. Therefore, vanins have previously been used as a potential drug target to combat related diseases. In this study, we used a molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation-based approach to screen dual inhibitors of hVnn1, and hVnn2 from a library of 120 chemical candidates. Molecular docking of drug candidates with hVnn1, and hVnn2 using GOLD and MOE revealed that the chemical compound "methotrexate (CID: 126941)" has the highest binding affinity against both the target enzymes which was further validated through molecular dynamic simulation. Toxicity profiling of drug candidates evaluated using Lipinski's rule of five and Molsoft tool, and AdmetSar 2.0 confirms the drug suitability of methotrexate, therefore, suggesting its use as a potential therapeutic agent to inhibit the activity of vainin enzyme in related disease conditions.
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Zhu D, Sethupathy S, Gao L, Nawaz MZ, Zhang W, Jiang J, Sun J. Microbial diversity and community structure in deep-sea sediments of South Indian Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45793-45807. [PMID: 35152353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities composed of bacteria, archaea and fungi play a pivotal role in driving the biogeochemical cycles in the marine ecosystem. Despite the vastness of the South Indian Ocean, only a few studies reported the simultaneous analysis of bacterial, archaeal and fungal diversity therein, particularly archaeal and fungal communities in deep-sea environments received less attention previously. In this study, microbial diversity, community composition and dynamics in microbial community structure in eight deep-sea sediment samples collected from different sites at varying depths of the South Indian Ocean were explored using Next-Generation Sequencing. In total, 21 bacterial phyla representing 541 OTUs were identified from the eight samples, where phylum Proteobacteria was found as the most abundant bacterial phylum in five out of eight samples. Firmicutes and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla in the rest of the three samples. In the case of archaea, uncultured species belonging to the phyla Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were the abundant taxa in all the samples. Similarly, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most abundant fungal phyla present therein. In all the eight samples studied here, about 10-58% and 19-26% OTUs in archaeal and fungal communities were mapped to unclassified taxa respectively, suggesting the lack of representation in databases. Co-occurrence network analysis further revealed that bacterial communities tend to be more dynamic than archaeal and fungal communities. This study provides interesting insights into the microbial diversity, community composition and dynamics in microbial community structure in the deep-sea sediments of the South Indian Ocean.
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Bohon J, Gonzalez E, Grace C, Harris CT, Jacobsen B, Kachiguine S, Kim D, MacArthur J, Martinez-McKinney F, Mazza S, Nizam M, Norvell N, Padilla R, Potter E, Prakash T, Prebys E, Ryan E, Schumm BA, Smedley J, Stuart D, Tarka M, Torrecilla IS, Wilder M, Zhu D. Use of diamond sensors for a high-flux, high-rate X-ray pass-through diagnostic. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:595-601. [PMID: 35510992 PMCID: PMC9070720 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver pulses of coherent X-rays on the femtosecond time scale, with potentially high repetition rates. While XFELs provide high peak intensities, both the intensity and the centroid of the beam fluctuate strongly on a pulse-to-pulse basis, motivating high-rate beam diagnostics that operate over a large dynamic range. The fast drift velocity, low X-ray absorption and high radiation tolerance properties of chemical vapour deposition diamonds make these crystals a promising candidate material for developing a fast (multi-GHz) pass-through diagnostic for the next generation of XFELs. A new approach to the design of a diamond sensor signal path is presented, along with associated characterization studies performed in the XPP endstation of the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC. Qualitative charge collection profiles (collected charge versus time) are presented and compared with those from a commercially available detector. Quantitative results on the charge collection efficiency and signal collection times are presented over a range of approximately four orders of magnitude in the generated electron-hole plasma density.
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Zhu D, Qaria MA, Zhu B, Sun J, Yang B. Extremophiles and extremozymes in lignin bioprocessing. RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2022; 157:112069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.112069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Mutanda I, Sun J, Jiang J, Zhu D. Bacterial membrane transporter systems for aromatic compounds: Regulation, engineering, and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sethupathy S, Murillo Morales G, Gao L, Wang H, Yang B, Jiang J, Sun J, Zhu D. Lignin valorization: Status, challenges and opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126696. [PMID: 35026423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin has the potential to produce various chemicals, biofuels of interest through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. However, lignin valorization is hindered by a series of constraints such as heterogeneous polymeric nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark colour, challenges in lignocelluloses fractionation and the presence of high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups etc. Nowadays, industrial lignin is mostly combusted for electricity production and the recycling of inorganic compounds involved in the pulping process. Given the research and development on lignin valorization in recent years, important applications such as lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, three-dimensional printing materials, electrodes and production of fine chemicals have been systematically reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the main constraints affecting industrial lignin valorization, possible solutions and future perspectives, in the light of its abundance and its potential applications reported in the scientific literature.
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Jiang MP, Fahy S, Hauber A, Murray ÉD, Savić I, Bray C, Clark JN, Henighan T, Kozina M, Lindenberg AM, Zalden P, Chollet M, Glownia JM, Hoffmann MC, Sato T, Zhu D, Delaire O, May AF, Sales BC, Merlin R, Trigo M, Reis DA. Observation of photo-induced plasmon-phonon coupling in PbTe via ultrafast x-ray scattering. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:024301. [PMID: 35311000 PMCID: PMC8923709 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of photo-induced plasmon-phonon coupled modes in the group IV-VI semiconductor PbTe using ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We measure the near-zone-center excited-state dispersion of the heavily screened longitudinal optical (LO) phonon branch as extracted from differential changes in x-ray diffuse scattering intensity following above bandgap photoexcitation. We suggest that upon photoexcitation, the LO phonon-plasmon coupled (LOPC) modes themselves become coupled to longitudinal acoustic modes that drive electron band shifts via acoustic deformation potentials and possibly to low-energy single-particle excitations within the plasma and that these couplings give rise to displacement-correlations that oscillate in time with a period given effectively by the heavily screened LOPC frequency.
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Wang Z, Han X, Guo J, Tang X, Zhu C, Zhu H, Zhu D, Zhang X, Meng X. 14P Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) residual and dynamics of ctDNA clonality indicated therapeutic efficacy of sintilimab plus docetaxel in previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Guo Q, Tan HP, Chen J, Chen MB, Zhang LM, Zhang W, Zheng YL, Tang XW, Zhu D. [Efficacy and safety of conformal thermocoagulation guided by stereotactic electroencephalogram in the treatment of epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia in eloquent cortex]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 101:3393-3398. [PMID: 34758542 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210418-00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG)-guided conformal radiofrequency thermocoagulation for epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in eloquent cortex. Methods: The data of epilepsy patients with conformal thermocoagulation in the Epilepsy Center of Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from September 2017 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. SEEG electrodes were placed in patients with drug-refractory epilepsy caused by FCD in eloquent cortex with limited boundaries, which was confirmed by preoperative evaluation methods such as imaging and electroencephalography. When designing the electrode placement plan, related software was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional MRI image and lesion. SEEG electrode contacts should be designed to fully cover the lesion as much as possible. After the completion of SEEG monitoring and cortical electrical stimulation, the pre-thermocoagulation and permanent thermocoagulation modes were used in sequence. The mode of direct damage between adjacent contacts of a single electrode and cross-destruction between adjacent contacts of multiple electrodes was combined to ablate the lesions point by point. Results: A total of 22 patients were enrolled, ranging from 2 to 30 years old, with an average age of (15±9) years old. MRI showed that FCD lesions located at pre-central gyrus in 19 cases, at post-central gyrus in 3 cases, at left frontal lobe in 3 cases, at both pre-central and post-central gyrus in 1 case and at both pre-central and left frontal lobe in 2 cases. The length of the lesion was 1.2-4.0 cm, with an average length of (2.2±0.7) cm. Moreover, 7-12 SEEG electrodes were implanted, with an average of (9±2) electrodes. The number of electrodes passing through the lesion was 2-8, with an average of 5±2. The number of thermocoagulation target points was 6 to 83, with an average of 29±18, while the number of target points which proved to have function by cortical simulation was 0-21, with a median of 3.5. The number of direct thermocoagulation target points was 6 to 58, with an average of 23±13, while the number of cross thermocoagulation target points was 0 to 30, with a median of 3. The completion of the whole thermocoagulation was divided into 2 to 5 times. There were 11 cases (50%) who experienced immediate muscle strength decline, 1 case (4.5%) showed slower speech speed during thermocoagulation, 3 cases (13.6%) exhibited muscle strength decline after thermocoagulation, however, only 1 case (4.5%) had permanent hemiparalysis. There were 17 cases of Engel Ⅰ (77.3%), 3 cases of Engel Ⅱ (13.6%), and 2 case of Engel Ⅲ (9.1%), respectively, after follow-up for 6-42 months, with an average of (20±10) months. Conclusion: SEEG-guided conformal radiofrequency thermocoagulation is safe and effective for epilepsy caused by FCD in eloquent cortex with limited boundaries.
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Alghamdi HA, Attique SA, Yan W, Arooj A, Albulym O, Zhu D, Bilal M, Nawaz MZ. Repurposing the inhibitors of COVID-19 key proteins through molecular docking approach. Process Biochem 2021; 110:216-222. [PMID: 34421325 PMCID: PMC8367655 DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, famous as COVID-19, has recently emerged as a novel virus and imposed an unrecoverable loss to global health and the economy. At present, no effective drug against COVID-19 is available and currently available viral drugs targeting the viral key proteins of related RNA viruses have been found ineffective against COVID-19. This study evaluated the inhibitors of the viral proteases and other structural proteins, including Mpro (Main protease), RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), and spike glycoprotein from synthetic and herbal sources. The molecular docking-based approach was used to identify and evaluate the putative inhibitors of key proteins involved in viral replication and survival. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical properties of these inhibitors were explored to predict the drug suitability as a therapeutic agent against COVID-19 by considering adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) using Lipinski’s rule or SwissADME. Trandolapril, Benazepril, and Moexipril were evaluated as the best non-carcinogenic and non-toxic potential inhibitors of spike glycoprotein, Mpro, and RdRp, respectively. The drugs showed significant binding affinities against the active sites of respective SARS_CoV-2 target proteins; hence, they can be used as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Ali SS, Elsamahy T, Al-Tohamy R, Zhu D, Mahmoud YAG, Koutra E, Metwally MA, Kornaros M, Sun J. Plastic wastes biodegradation: Mechanisms, challenges and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146590. [PMID: 34030345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing accumulation of plastic wastes is one of the main environmental challenges currently faced by modern societies. These wastes are considered a serious global problem because of their effects on all forms of life. There is thus an urgent need to demonstrate effective eco-environmental techniques to overcome the hazardous environmental impacts of traditional disposal paths. However, our current knowledge on the prevailing mechanisms and the efficacy of synthetic plastics' biodegradation still appears limited. Under this scope, our review aims to comprehensively highlight the role of microbes, with special emphasis on algae, on the entire plastic biodegradation process focusing on the depolarization of various synthetic plastic types. Moreover, our review emphasizes on the ability of insects' gut microbial consortium to degrade synthetic plastic wastes. In this view, we discuss the schematic pathway of the biodegradation process of six types of synthetic plastics. These findings may contribute to establishing bio-upcycling processes of plastic wastes towards biosynthesis of valuable metabolic products. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for microbial valorization of degraded plastic wastes.
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Guo Q, Zhu D, Wang Y, Miao Z, Chen Z, Lin Z, Lin J, Huang C, Pan L, Wang L, Zeng S, Wang J, Zheng X, Lin Y, Zhang X, Wu Y. Targeting STING attenuates ROS induced intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1213-1224. [PMID: 34020031 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA damage induced by ROS is considered one of the main causes of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells degeneration during the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). cGAS-STING pathway acts as DNA-sensing mechanism for monitoring DNA damage. Recent studies have proved that cGAS-STING contributes to the development of various diseases by inducing inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. This work explored the role of STING, the main effector of cGAS-STING signaling pathway, in NP degeneration. METHOD Immunohistochemistry was conducted to measure STING protein levels in the nucleus pulposus tissues from human and puncture-induced IVDD rat models. TBHP induces degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. For in vivo experiments, lv-NC or lv-STING were injected into the central intervertebral disc space. The degeneration level of IVDD was assessed by MRI, X-ray, HE, and Safranin O staining. RESULTS We found that the expression of STING was upregulated in human and rat degenerated NP tissue as well as in TBHP-treated NP cells. Overexpression of STING promoted the degradation of extracellular matrix; it also promoted apoptosis and senescence of TBHP-treated and untreated NP cells. Knock-down of STING significantly reversed these effects. Mechanistically, STING activated IRF3, whereas blockage of IRF3 attenuated STING-induced apoptosis, senescence and ECM degradation. In vivo experiments revealed that STING knock-down alleviated puncture-induced IVDD development. CONCLUSION STING promotes IVDD progress via IRF3, while suppression of STING may be a promising treatment for IVDD.
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Wang MX, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhu D. [Chromosomal karyotypes and C-band analysis of Triatoma rubrofasciata in China]. ZHONGGUO XUE XI CHONG BING FANG ZHI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL 2021; 33:297-300. [PMID: 34286533 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the karyotypes and C bands of Triatoma rubrofasciata in China, so as to understand its chromosome number, morphology and C-band staining of T. rubrofasciata. METHODS The testis specimens were sampled from male T. rubrofasciata collected from Shunde City, Guangdong Province, prepared into slides of metaphase chromosomes and subjected to Giemsa staining and C-band staining. The morphology of metaphase chromosomes and the location of heterochromatin were observed using microscopy, and the long arm and short arm of each chromosome and total chromosome length were recorded to analyze the karyotypes and C bands of T. rubrofasciata. RESULTS The male T. rubrofasciata presented a chromosome number of 2n = 25, including 22 autosomes and 3 sex chromosomes. The relative length of chromosomes ranged from 3.59% to 12.76%, the arm ratio was 1.06 to 1.24, and the centromere index was 44.76% to 48.47%. All chromosomes were metacentric chromosomes and the karyotype formula was 2n = 22 metacentric + X1X2Y, and the C bands varied on different chromosomes. No heterochromatin was found in the X chromosome, and the overall staining appeared pale, while heterochromatin was detected in all regions of the Y chromosome, and the overall staining appeared dark. In addition, heterochromatin was present in both ends of the autosome. CONCLUSIONS The male T. rubrofasciata presents a chromosome number of 2n = 25 in China, and the karyotype formula is 2n = 22 metacentric + X1X2Y. C-banding shows dark staining of the Y chromosome, pale staining of the X chromosome, and dark staining of both ends of the autosome. Our data may provide insights into the investigation on the origin, evolution and gene mapping of T. rubrofasciata in China.
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