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Oseland EE, Ayres ZJ, Basile A, Haddleton DM, Wilson P, Unwin PR. Surface patterning of polyacrylamide gel using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:9929-32. [PMID: 27430961 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy is introduced as a new tool for the synthesis and deposition of polymers on SAM-functionalised Au surfaces. The deposition of poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) is shown to be enhanced through the electrochemical generation of activating Cu(i)Cl/Me6TREN catalyst. Initiation of the polymerisation reaction is most likely due to in situ generation of reactive oxygen species following oxygen reduction.
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52
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Steinkoenig J, de Jongh PAJM, Haddleton DM, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C, Kempe K. Unraveling the Spontaneous Zwitterionic Copolymerization Mechanism of Cyclic Imino Ethers and Acrylic Acid. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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53
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Engelis NG, Anastasaki A, Whitfield R, Jones GR, Liarou E, Nikolaou V, Nurumbetov G, Haddleton DM. Sequence-Controlled Methacrylic Multiblock Copolymers: Expanding the Scope of Sulfur-Free RAFT. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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54
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Summers CJ, Day R, Makal U, Haddleton DM. Combining uretdione and disulfide reversibly degradable polyurethanes: route to alternating block copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01978e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uretdione (temperature and catalyst controlled) and disulphide (REDOX controlled) functionalised polyurethanes have been described and the reversibility of these bonds tested.
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Jones GR, Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Risangud N, Simula A, Keddie DJ, Haddleton DM. Cu(0)-RDRP of methacrylates in DMSO: importance of the initiator. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01196b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The controlled radical polymerization of methacrylates via Cu(0)-mediated RDRP is challenging in comparison to acrylates with most reports illustrating higher dispersities, lower monomer conversions and poorer end group fidelity relative to the acrylic analogues.
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56
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Town JS, Jones GR, Haddleton DM. MALDI-LID-ToF/ToF analysis of statistical and diblock polyacrylate copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00928g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of MALDI-LID-ToF/ToF utilising the laser induced dissociation (LID) fragmentation technique, which has been almost exclusively applied to protein/peptide analysis to date.
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57
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Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Jones GR, Haddleton DM. Cu(0)-RDRP of styrene: balancing initiator efficiency and dispersity. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00814k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optimisation of all components within Cu(0)-wire mediated polymerisation of styrene is illustrated yielding well-defined polystyrene with enhanced initiator efficiency and dispersity at higher molecular weights.
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58
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Cook AB, Peltier R, Hartlieb M, Whitfield R, Moriceau G, Burns JA, Haddleton DM, Perrier S. Cationic and hydrolysable branched polymers by RAFT for complexation and controlled release of dsRNA. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00804c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The complexation and sustained release of dsRNA from highly branched polymers prepared via RAFT polymerisation and copolymerisation of the monomers DMAEA, DMAPA, and DMAEMA, is reported.
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59
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Tombs EL, Nikolaou V, Nurumbetov G, Haddleton DM. Transdermal Delivery of Ibuprofen Utilizing a Novel Solvent-Free Pressure-sensitive Adhesive (PSA): TEPI® Technology. J Pharm Innov 2017; 13:48-57. [PMID: 29497462 PMCID: PMC5816128 DOI: 10.1007/s12247-017-9305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objective of this present study was the investigation of potential novel transdermal patch technology (TEPI®) delivering ibuprofen as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using a novel poly(ether-urethane)-silicone crosslinked pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) as the drug reservoir in a solvent-free manufacturing process. METHODS The patch was synthesized utilizing the hot-melt crosslinking technique without the addition of solvents at 80 °C in 100% relative humidity. Dissolution and permeation studies performed utilizing diffusion cells and subsequently HPLC validated methods were employed to determine the API content in the acceptor solution. Accelerated stability studies were also performed at 40 °C and 70% relative humidity. The adhesive performance of the fabricated patch was evaluated utilizing loop tack adhesion tests. RESULTS In vitro permeation experiments across both Strat-M® and human skin demonstrated that ibuprofen can easily be released from the adhesive matrix and penetrate through the studied membrane. A comparison on the permeation rates of the API across the two membranes indicated that there is not a strong correlation between the obtained data. The presence of chemical enhancers facilitated an increased flux of the API higher than observed in the basic formulation. Initial stability studies of the optimized formulation showed no degradation with respect to the drug content. Adhesion studies were also performed indicating higher values when compared with commercially available products. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the fabrication of an ibuprofen patch utilizing a versatile, solvent-free drug delivery platform. Upon optimization of the final system, the resulting patch offers many advantages compared to commercially available formulations including high drug loading (up to 25 wt%), good adhesion, and painless removal leaving no residues on the skin. This PSA offers many advantages over existing adhesive technology. Graphical Abstractᅟ.
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Zhang W, Xue W, Ming W, Weng Y, Chen G, Haddleton DM. Regenerable-Catalyst-Aided, Opened to Air and Sunlight-Driven “CuAAC&ATRP” Concurrent Reaction for Sequence-Controlled Copolymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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61
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de Jongh PA, Paul PK, Khoshdel E, Wilson P, Kempe K, Haddleton DM. High T g poly(ester amide)s by melt polycondensation of monomers from renewable resources; citric acid, D-glucono-δ-lactone and amino acids: A DSC study. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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62
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Mitchell DA, Zhang Q, Voorhaar L, Haddleton DM, Herath S, Gleinich AS, Randeva HS, Crispin M, Lehnert H, Wallis R, Patterson S, Becer CR. Manipulation of cytokine secretion in human dendritic cells using glycopolymers with picomolar affinity for DC-SIGN. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6974-6980. [PMID: 29147524 PMCID: PMC5642150 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) is a significant receptor on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) - crucial components of host defense that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. A range of linear glycopolymers, constructed via controlled radical polymerization techniques have been shown to interact with DC-SIGN with affinities in the physiologically active range. However, these first generation glycopolymers possess limited structural definition and their effects on DCs were not known. Here we report the development of star-shaped mannose glycopolymers with the aim of targeting the clustered domain arrangement of DC-SIGN and these were shown to bind with picomolar affinity. Increased secretion of IL-10 with simultaneous decrease in secreted IL-12p70 occurred in activated DCs incubated with star-shaped glycopolymers - a cytokine secretion pattern characteristic of wound-healing tissue environments. Incorporating stellar architecture into glycopolymer design could be key to developing selective and very high-affinity therapeutic materials with distinct immunomodulatory and tissue repair potential.
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Zhu C, Schneider EK, Nikolaou V, Klein T, Li J, Davis TP, Whittaker MR, Wilson P, Kempe K, Velkov T, Haddleton DM. Hydrolyzable Poly[Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Acrylate]-Colistin Prodrugs through Copper-Mediated Photoinduced Living Radical Polymerization. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1916-1924. [PMID: 28657722 PMCID: PMC5801548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Through the recently developed copper-mediated photoinduced living radical polymerization (CP-LRP), a novel and well-defined polymeric prodrug of the antimicrobial lipopeptide colistin has been developed. A colistin initiator (Boc5-col-Br2) was synthesized through the modification of colistin on both of its threonine residues using a cleavable initiator linker, 2-(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoyloxy) acetic acid (BMPAA), and used for the polymerization of acrylates via CP-LRP. Polymerization proceeds from both sites of the colistin initiator, and through the polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA480), three water-soluble polymer-colistin conjugates (col-PPEGA, having degrees of polymerization of 5, 10, and 20) were achieved with high yield (conversion of ≥93%) and narrow dispersities (Đ < 1.3) in 2-4 h. Little or no effect on the structure and activity of the colistin was observed during the synthesis, and most of the active colistin can be recovered from the conjugates in vitro within 2 days. Furthermore, in vitro biological analyses including disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and time-kill studies suggested that all of the conjugates have the ability to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, of which col-PPEGA DP5 and DP10 showed similar or better antibacterial performance compared to the clinically relevant colistin prodrug CMS, indicating their potential as an alternative antimicrobial therapy. Moreover, considering the control over the polymerization, the CP-LRP technique has the potential to provide an alternative platform for the development of polymer bioconjugates.
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Gutekunst WR, Anastasaki A, Lunn DJ, Truong NP, Whitfield R, Jones GR, Treat NJ, Abdilla A, Barton BE, Clark PG, Haddleton DM, Davis TP, Hawker CJ. Practical Chain-End Reduction of Polymers Obtained with ATRP. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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65
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Tanaka J, Gleinich AS, Zhang Q, Whitfield R, Kempe K, Haddleton DM, Davis TP, Perrier S, Mitchell DA, Wilson P. Specific and Differential Binding of N-Acetylgalactosamine Glycopolymers to the Human Macrophage Galactose Lectin and Asialoglycoprotein Receptor. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1624-1633. [PMID: 28418238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A range of glycopolymers composed of N-acetylgalactosamine were prepared via sequential Cu(I)-mediated polymerization and alkyne-azide click (CuAAC). The resulting polymers were shown, via multichannel surface plasmon resonance, to interact specifically with human macrophage galactose lectin (MGL; CD301) with high affinity (KD = 1.11 μM), but they did not bind to the mannose/fucose-selective human lectin dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209). The effect of sugar ligand valency on the binding (so-called "glycoside cluster effect") of poly(N-acetylgalactosamine) to MGL was investigated by varying first the polymer chain length (DP: 100, 64, 40, 23, 12) and then the architecture (4- and 8-arm star glycopolymers). The chain length did not have a significant effect on the binding to MGL (KD = 0.17-0.52 μM); however, when compared to a hepatic C-type lectin of a similar monosaccharide specificity, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), the binding affinity was more noticeably affected (KD = 0.37- 6.65 μM). These data suggest that known differences in the specific configuration/orientation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of MGL and ASGPR are responsible for the differences in binding observed between the different polymers of varied chain length and architecture. In the future, this model has the potential to be employed for the development of tissue-selective delivery systems.
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Kempe K, Xiang SD, Wilson P, Rahim MA, Ju Y, Whittaker MR, Haddleton DM, Plebanski M, Caruso F, Davis TP. Engineered Hydrogen-Bonded Glycopolymer Capsules and Their Interactions with Antigen Presenting Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6444-6452. [PMID: 28186730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hollow glycopolymer microcapsules were fabricated by hydrogen-bonded layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, and their interactions with a set of antigen presenting cells (APCs), including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (MACs), and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were investigated. The glycopolymers were obtained by cascade postpolymerization modifications of poly(oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline methacrylate)-stat-glycidyl methacrylate) involving the modification of the glycidyl groups with propargylamine and the subsequent attachment of mannose azide by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Multilayer assembly of the hydrogen-bonding pair (glycopolymer/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA)) onto planar and particulate supports (SiO2 particles, d = 1.16 μm) yielded stable glycopolymer films upon cross-linking by CuAAC. The silica (SiO2) particle templates were removed yielding hollow monodisperse capsules, as demonstrated by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Cellular uptake studies using flow cytometry revealed the preferential uptake of the capsules by DCs when compared to MACs or MDSCs. Mannosylated capsules showed a cytokine independent cis-upregulation of CD80 specifically on DCs and a trans-downregulation of PDL-1 on MDSCs. Thus, the glycopolymer capsules may have potential as vaccine carriers, as they are able to upregulate costimulatory molecules for immune cell stimulation on DCs and at the same time downregulate immune inhibitory receptors on suppressor APC such as MDSCs.
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Zhu C, Schneider EK, Wang J, Kempe K, Wilson P, Velkov T, Li J, Davis TP, Whittaker MR, Haddleton DM. A traceless reversible polymeric colistin prodrug to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria. J Control Release 2017; 259:83-91. [PMID: 28174100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) is the only prodrug of colistin available for clinical use for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Owing to its slow and variable release, an alternative is urgently required to improve effectiveness. Herein we describe a PEGylated colistin prodrug whereby the PEG is attached via a cleavable linker (col-aaPEG) introducing an acetic acid terminated poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (aaPEG) onto the Thr residue of colistin. Due to the labile ester containing link, this prodrug is converted back into active colistin in vitro within 24h. Compared to CMS, it showed a similar or better antimicrobial performance against two MDR isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii through in vitro disk diffusion, broth dilution and time-kill studies. In a mouse infection model, col-aaPEG displayed acceptable bacterial killing against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and no nephrotoxicity was found after systemic administration, suggesting it to be a potential alternative for CMS.
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Whitfield R, Anastasaki A, Nikolaou V, Jones GR, Engelis NG, Discekici EH, Fleischmann C, Willenbacher J, Hawker CJ, Haddleton DM. Universal Conditions for the Controlled Polymerization of Acrylates, Methacrylates, and Styrene via Cu(0)-RDRP. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1003-1010. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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69
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Truong NP, Quinn JF, Anastasaki A, Rolland M, Vu MN, Haddleton DM, Whittaker MR, Davis TP. Surfactant-free RAFT emulsion polymerization using a novel biocompatible thermoresponsive polymer. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A facile, high-scale, and versatile technique to prepare biocompatible nanoparticles with tailorable properties from thermoresponsive macro-CTAs and macro-stabilizers.
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Nikolaou V, Anastasaki A, Alsubaie F, Simula A, Fox DJ, Haddleton DM. Correction: Copper( ii) gluconate (a non-toxic food supplement/dietary aid) as a precursor catalyst for effective photo-induced living radical polymerisation of acrylates. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py90190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Copper(ii) gluconate (a non-toxic food supplement/dietary aid) as a precursor catalyst for effective photo-induced living radical polymerisation of acrylates’ by Vasiliki Nikolaou et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 3581–3585.
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Guo S, Zhang Q, Wang D, Wang L, Lin F, Wilson P, Haddleton DM. Bioinspired coating of TiO2nanoparticles with antimicrobial polymers by Cu(0)-LRP: grafting to vs. grafting from. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles coated with non-leachable biocides were prepared by Cu(0)-LRP of tertiary-amine-containing monomersvia“grafting to” and “grafting from” strategies.
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72
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Alsubaie F, Anastasaki A, Wilson P, Haddleton DM. Correction: Sequence-controlled multi-block copolymerization of acrylamides via aqueous SET-LRP at 0 °C. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py90070h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Sequence-controlled multi-block copolymerization of acrylamides via aqueous SET-LRP at 0 °C’ by Fehaid Alsubaie, et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 406–417.
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Simula A, Nikolaou V, Anastasaki A, Alsubaie F, Nurumbetov G, Wilson P, Kempe K, Haddleton DM. Correction: Synthesis of well-defined α,ω-telechelic multiblock copolymers in aqueous medium: in situ generation of α,ω-diols. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py90189e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘Synthesis of well-defined α,ω-telechelic multiblock copolymers in aqueous medium: in situ generation of α,ω-diols’ by Alexandre Simula et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 2226–2233.
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Wang D, Guo S, Zhang Q, Wilson P, Haddleton DM. Mussel-inspired thermoresponsive polymers with a tunable LCST by Cu(0)-LRP for the construction of smart TiO2 nanocomposites. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers with different microstructures, a tunable LCST and terminal catechol anchors were synthesized by Cu(0)-LRP for the surface functionalization of TiO2 nanoparticles.
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75
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Simula A, Nikolaou V, Alsubaie F, Anastasaki A, Haddleton DM. Correction: The effect of ligand, solvent and Cu(0) source on the efficient polymerization of polyether acrylates and methacrylates in aqueous and organic media. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py90191g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘The effect of ligand, solvent and Cu(0) source on the efficient polymerization of polyether acrylates and methacrylates in aqueous and organic media’ by Alexandre Simula et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 5940–5950.
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