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Qiu D, Wang Q, Wang H, Xie Q, Zang G, Jiang H, Tu C, Guo J, Zhang S, Wang J, Lu Y, Han Y, Shen L, Chen X, Hu X, Wang X, Chen C, Fu Q, Ma X. Validation of the simplified criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis in Chinese patients. J Hepatol 2011; 54:340-7. [PMID: 21056494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In 1999, the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) revised the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). It subsequently developed the simplified criteria in 2008 to enhance clinical applicability and practicability. In this study, we validated the simplified diagnostic criteria in Chinese patients with AIH or other chronic liver diseases in comparison with the revised original criteria. METHODS Diagnostic scores were determined using the revised original criteria and the simplified criteria in 405 patients with diverse liver diseases. The sample included 127 patients with AIH type I diagnosed by the descriptive criteria, 77 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 6 patients with AIH-PBC overlap syndrome, 47 patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI), 36 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 82 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The simplified criteria were compared to the revised original criteria based on sensitivity, specificity, and predictability for the pre-treatment diagnosis of AIH. RESULTS The simplified criteria had sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 95%, respectively, for the diagnosis of probable AIH in the Chinese patients. This compares well with the more rigorous revised original criteria, which had sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 93%, respectively, for probable AIH. On definite AIH, the simplified criteria had sensitivity and specificity of 62% and 99%, respectively, compared to 64% and 100% for definite AIH by the revised original criteria. In addition, the predictabilities of the revised original criteria and simplified criteria were 96% and 94% for probable AIH, and 88% and 87% for definite AIH, respectively, in our groups. Using the revised original criteria, 84 patients were diagnosed with definite AIH. On the other hand, among these 84 patients, the simplified criteria diagnosed only 61 patients with definite AIH (accordant diagnosis) and provided the 23 other patients with downgraded diagnosis. Comparison of the clinical and laboratory features of these two groups (accordant diagnosis vs. downgraded/excluded diagnosis) showed that the patients with downgraded diagnosis had significantly higher histological scores than the patients with accordant diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The simplified criteria are comparable to the revised original criteria and have high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of AIH in Chinese patients. Liver histology is critical for the diagnosis of AIH especially when using the simplified criteria. Further study or prospective evaluation is needed to confirm these observations, however, due to the small group of CHC patients as well as the absence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients in our study.
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Orgel J, Antipova O, Sagi I, Bitler A, Qiu D, Wang R, Xu Y, San Antonio J. Collagen fibril surface displays a constellation of sites capable of promoting fibril assembly, stability, and hemostasis. Connect Tissue Res 2011; 52:18-24. [PMID: 21117898 PMCID: PMC3244825 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2010.511354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens form the structural basis of organs and tissues including the vasculature, bone, and tendon. They are also dynamic, organizational scaffolds that present binding and recognition sites for ligands, cells, and platelets. We interpret recently published X-ray diffraction findings and use atomic force microscopy data to illustrate the significance of new insights into the functional organization of the collagen fibril. These data indicate that collagen's most crucial functional domains localize primarily to the overlap region, comprising a constellation of sites we call the "master control region." Moreover, the collagen's most exposed aspect contains its most stable part-the C-terminal region that controls collagen assembly, cross-linking, and blood clotting. Hidden beneath the fibril surface exists a constellation of "cryptic" sequences poised to promote hemostasis and cell-collagen interactions in tissue injury and regeneration. These findings begin to address several important, and previously unresolved, questions: How functional domains are organized in the fibril, which domains are accessible, and which require proteolysis or structural trauma to become exposed? Here we speculate as to how collagen fibrillar organization impacts molecular processes relating to tissue growth, development, and repair.
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Narita M, Qiu D, Hamaguchi M, Doi M, Futamura M, Sakamoto N, Ohya Y. Maternal Diet during Pregnancy and Wheeze and Eczema in Infants; the Japanese Birth Cohort (T-CHILD) Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu H, Qiu D, Zhou X, Niu W, Qin X, Cai Y, Wang J, Chen Y. Erythromycin inhibited glycinergic inputs to gastric vagal motoneurons in brainstem slices of newborn rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:1232-9. [PMID: 20731779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motilin has been known to stimulate the motility of digestive organs peripherally via activation of motilin receptors located at gastrointestinal (GI) cholinergic nerve endings and/or smooth muscle cells. Recent studies have indicated that motilin may also promote GI motility via actions in the central nervous system; however the sites of action and the mechanisms are not clear yet. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that motilin receptor agonist erythromycin alters the synaptic inputs of preganglionic gastric vagal motoneurons (GVMs) located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). METHODS Gastric vagal motoneurons were retrogradely labeled by fluorescent tracer from the stomach wall of newborn rats. Fluorescently labeled GVMs in DMV were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp in brainstem slices and the effects of motilin receptor agonist erythromycin on the synaptic inputs were examined. KEY RESULTS Erythromycin (100 nmol L(-1), 1 μmol L(-1), 10 μmol L(-1)) significantly inhibited the frequency of glycinergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) of GVMs and significantly inhibited the amplitude at the concentration of 10 μmol L(-1). These responses were prevented by GM-109, a selective motilin receptor antagonist. In the pre-existence of tetradotoxin (TTX, 1 μmol L(-1)), erythromycin (10 μmol L(-1)) caused significant decreases of the glycinergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), in both the frequency and the amplitude. However, erythromycin (10 μmol L(-1)) didn't cause significant changes of the GABAergic sIPSCs. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Erythromycin selectively inhibits the glycinergic inputs of GVMs.
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FitzGerald V, Martin RA, Jones JR, Qiu D, Wetherall KM, Moss RM, Newport RJ. Bioactive glass sol-gel foam scaffolds: Evolution of nanoporosity during processing andin situmonitoring of apatite layer formation using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:76-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang L, Fujimoto J, Qiu D, Sakamoto N. Trends in cancer mortality in the elderly in Japan, 1970-2007. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:389-396. [PMID: 19622594 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to describe cancer mortality rates and trends among Japanese elderly aged 65-84 years for the period 1970-2007. MATERIALS AND METHODS Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated by the direct method using age-specific mortality rates at 5-year age intervals and weights based on the age distribution of the standard world population. The joinpoint regression model was used to describe changes in trends. RESULTS For all cancers combined, the mortality rate at age 65-84 years during 2000-2007 was 1145.13 (per 100,000 population) for men and 461.93 (per 100,000) for women. Mortality rates have declined in the past 10 years in both sexes. These favorable trends were driven largely by decreases in mortality for three leading cancers in the elderly men [lung, stomach and colorectal cancer (CRC)] and for two of the three most common cancers in the elderly women (stomach and CRC), combined with a leveling off of death rate from lung cancer in women. CONCLUSION The population-based data in the current study underscore the importance of cancer research and prevention for the older segment in Japan to reduce the additional cancer burden among the growing number of elderly persons.
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Pickup DM, Moss RM, Qiu D, Newport RJ, Valappil SP, Knowles JC, Smith ME. Structural characterization by x-ray methods of novel antimicrobial gallium-doped phosphate-based glasses. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:064708. [PMID: 19222291 DOI: 10.1063/1.3076057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial gallium-doped phosphate-based glasses of general composition (P(2)O(5))(0.45)(CaO)(0.16)(Na(2)O)(0.39-x)(Ga(2)O(3))(x) (where x=0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) have been studied using the advanced synchrotron-based techniques of Ga K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-energy x-ray diffraction to provide a structural insight into their unique properties. The results show that the Ga(3+) ions are octahedrally coordinated. Furthermore, substitution of Na(2)O by Ga(2)O(3) strengthens the phosphate network structure because the presence of GaO(6) octahedra inhibits the migration of the remaining Na(+) ions. The results are discussed in terms of the use of Na(2)O-CaO-P(2)O(5) glasses as controlled-delivery devices for antimicrobial Ga(3+) ions in biomedical applications. We are thereby able to relate the atomic-scale environment of the Ga(3+) ions beneficially to the glass dissolution, and thus to their ability to disrupt bacterial cell activity by usurping the role of iron.
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Martin RA, Twyman H, Qiu D, Knowles JC, Newport RJ. A study of the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite on melt quenched Bioglass using surface sensitive shallow angle X-ray diffraction. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:883-888. [PMID: 19083082 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melt quenched silicate glasses containing calcium, phosphorous and alkali metals have the ability to promote bone regeneration and to fuse to living bone. These glasses, including 45S5 Bioglass((R)) [(CaO)(26.9)(Na(2)O)(24.4)(SiO(2))(46.1)(P(2)O(5))(2.6)], are routinely used as clinical implants. Consequently there have been numerous studies on the structure of these glasses using conventional diffraction techniques. These studies have provided important information on the atomic structure of Bioglass((R)) but are of course intrinsically limited in the sense that they probe the bulk material and cannot be as sensitive to thin layers of near-surface dissolution/growth. The present study therefore uses surface sensitive shallow angle X-ray diffraction to study the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite on Bioglass((R)) samples, pre-reacted in simulated body fluid (SBF). Unreacted Bioglass((R)) is dominated by a broad amorphous feature around 2.2 A(-1) which is characteristic of sodium calcium silicate glass. After reacting Bioglass((R)) in SBF a second broad amorphous feature evolves ~1.6 A(-1) which is attributed to amorphous calcium phosphate. This feature is evident for samples after only 4 h reacting in SBF and by 8 h the amorphous feature becomes comparable in magnitude to the background signal of the bulk Bioglass((R)). Bragg peaks characteristic of hydroxyapatite form after 1-3 days of reacting in SBF.
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Yang L, Fujimoto J, Qiu D, Sakamoto N. Trends in cancer mortality in Japanese adolescents and young adults aged 15-29 years, 1970-2006. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:758-66. [PMID: 19150947 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to describe cancer mortality rates and trends among Japanese adolescents and young adults aged 15-29 years for the period 1970-2006. MATERIALS AND METHODS Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated by the direct method using age-specific mortality rates at 5-year age intervals and weights based on the age distribution of the standard world population. The joinpoint regression model was used to describe changes in trends. RESULTS For all cancers combined, the mortality rate at age 15-29 years during 2000-2006 was 4.41 (per 100,000 population) for males and 3.81 (per 100,000) for females. Trends of mortality from cancer in Japan were similar to that in other developed countries. A notable exception was cervical cancer, for which Japanese young women showed a significant increase, on average 4.0% per year throughout the period. CONCLUSION This report presents updated figures and trends in cancer mortality among adolescents and young adults aged 15-29 years in Japan and other developed countries. We hope this study will raise public awareness on cancer in this age group and provide the impetus for further research to improve the survival and quality of life of the young people in Japan.
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Yang L, Fujimoto J, Qiu D, Sakamoto N. Childhood cancer in Japan: focusing on trend in mortality from 1970 to 2006. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:166-74. [PMID: 18718890 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Qiu D, Marugame T. Comparison of Time Trends in Skin Cancer Incidence (1973-97) in East Asia, Europe and USA, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IV-VIII. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 38:234-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyn012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Qiu D, Marugame T. Comparison of Time Trends in Uterine Cancer Incidence (1973 1997) in East Asia, Europe and USA, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vols IV VIII. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2007; 37:722-4. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hym127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Qiu D, Owen K, Gray K, Bass R, Ellis V. Roles and regulation of membrane-associated serine proteases. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 35:583-7. [PMID: 17511657 DOI: 10.1042/bst0350583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pericellular proteolytic activity affects many aspects of cellular behaviour, via mechanisms involving processing of the extracellular matrix, growth factors and receptors. The serine proteases have exquisitely sensitive regulatory mechanisms in this setting, involving both receptor-bound and transmembrane proteases. Receptor-bound proteases are exemplified by the uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator)/uPAR (uPAR receptor) plasminogen activation system. The mechanisms initiating the activity of this proteolytic system on the cell surface, a critical regulatory point, are poorly understood. We have found that the expression of the TTSP (type II transmembrane serine protease) matriptase is highly regulated in leucocytes, and correlates with the presence of active uPA on their surface. Using siRNA (small interfering RNA), we have demonstrated that matriptase specifically activates uPAR-associated pro-uPA. The uPA/uPAR system has been implicated in the activation of the plasminogen-related growth factor HGF (hepatocyte growth factor). However, we find no evidence for this, but instead that HGF can be activated by both matriptase and the related TTSP hepsin in purified systems. Hepsin is of particular interest, as the proteolytic cleavage sequence of HGF is an 'ideal substrate' for hepsin and membrane-associated hepsin activates HGF with high efficiency. Both of these TTSPs can be activated autocatalytically at the cell surface, an unusual mechanism among the serine proteases. Therefore these TTSPs have the capacity to be true upstream initiators of proteolytic activity with subsequent downstream effects on cell behaviour.
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Fanelli M, Arora R, Glass A, Litt R, Qiu D, Silva L, Tonkovich AL, Weidert D. Micro-scale distillation—I: simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2495/mpf070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Qiu D, Morgan C, Shi J, Long Y, Liu J, Li R, Zhuang X, Wang Y, Tan X, Dietrich E, Weihmann T, Everett C, Vanstraelen S, Beckett P, Fraser F, Trick M, Barnes S, Wilmer J, Schmidt R, Li J, Li D, Meng J, Bancroft I. A comparative linkage map of oilseed rape and its use for QTL analysis of seed oil and erucic acid content. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2006; 114:67-80. [PMID: 17033785 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-006-0411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new DH mapping population for oilseed rape, named TNDH, using genetically and phenotypically diverse parental lines. We used the population in the construction of a high stringency genetic linkage map, consisting of 277 loci, for use in quantitative genetic analysis. A proportion of the markers had been used previously in the construction of linkage maps for Brassica species, thus permitting the alignment of maps. The map includes 68 newly developed Sequence Tagged Site (STS) markers targeted to the homologues of defined genes of A. thaliana. The use of these markers permits the alignment of our linkage map with the A. thaliana genome sequence. An additional 74 loci (31 newly developed STS markers and 43 loci defined by SSR and RFLP markers that had previously been used in published linkage maps) were added to the map. These markers increased the resolution of alignment of the newly constructed linkage map with existing Brassica linkage maps and the A. thaliana genome sequence. We conducted field trials with the TNDH population at two sites, and over 2 years, and identified reproducible QTL for seed oil content and erucic acid content. The results provide new insights into the genetic control of seed oil and erucic acid content in oilseed rape, and demonstrate the utility of the linkage map and population.
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Hecker M, Qiu D, Marquardt K, Bein G, Hackstein H. Continuous cytomegalovirus seroconversion in a large group of healthy blood donors. Vox Sang 2004; 86:41-4. [PMID: 14984558 DOI: 10.1111/j.0042-9007.2004.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) to seronegative, immunocompromised recipients can cause serious and fatal complications. Although the seroprevalence of CMV is high, the risk of primary CMV infection among healthy blood donors has not yet been analysed in a large population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed an algorithm to determine the rate of CMV seroconversion in an overall cohort of 24,260 subjects who donated 176,474 blood units during an 11-year observation period. RESULTS We detected CMV seroconversion in all relevant age groups (18-60 years) with an overall seroconversion rate of 0.55% per year. Both CMV seroconversion and seroprevalence occurred more frequently in female donors (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). We identified 30-35-year-old blood donors as the group with the highest rate of CMV seroconversion per year (1.33% vs. 0.46%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the risk of primary CMV infection is a continuous lifelong event and correlates with age and female gender.
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Xiong J, Huang T, Qiu D. Local inhibition of chlorhexidinum on Lewis pulmonary carcinoma in mice. JOURNAL OF TONGJI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY = TONG JI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO 2003; 19:223-5. [PMID: 12840900 DOI: 10.1007/bf02887740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C57 inbred mice (n = 100) were employed to develop animal models of Lewis pulmonary carcinoma. The study on the tumor inhibition was performed by infiltrative injection of 3.5% Cy or chlorhexidinum of two different concentrations around the tumor respectively. The survival, survival rate, tumor growth rate, and pulmonary metastasis node number were compared. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of 0.1% and 0.5% chlorhexidinum were the same as that of 3.5% Cy, but the toxic and side effects were obviously reduced as compared with 3.5% Cy. The optimal concentration of chlorhexidinum was 0.5%. This provides a new approach for infiltrative injection of the tumor for clinical use.
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Qiu D, Ma X. [Relationship between type I autoimmune hepatitis and alleles of HLA-DRB1 in Chinese patients of Shanghai area]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2002; 10:347-9. [PMID: 12392614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between alleles of HLA-DRB1 and type I autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in patients from Shanghai, China. METHODS In 32 Chinese patients with type I AIH and 48 healthy controls in Shanghai area, polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was performed to examine the association of the alleles of HLA-DRB1 and its subtypes with type I AIH. RESULTS HLA-DRB1 typing by PCR-SSP showed that DR4 had a significantly increased frequency among patients with AIH versus healthy control (46.9% versus 20.8%; relative risk=3.35, chi(2)=5.99, P=0.014). No other alleles differed significantly between the two groups. In subtypes of DRB1*04, there was a trend for an increase in gene frequency of DRB1*0405 increased in patients with type I AIH versus healthy controls (21.9% vs 6.3%, chi(2)=4.23, P=0.04, but Pc=0.08). The frequency of arginine at position HLA-DR beta 71 of third hypervariable region significantly increased among patients with AIH versus healthy control (46.9% versus 18.8%, chi(2)=7.14, P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Type I AIH in Chinese patients of Shanghai area is associated with HLA-DR4 and arginine at position DR beta 71 of third hypervariable region
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Qiu D, Son G, Dhir VK, Chao D, Logsdon K. Dynamics of single and multiple bubbles and associated heat transfer in nucleate boiling under low gravity conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 974:378-97. [PMID: 12446337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb05920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies and numerical simulation of growth and lift-off processes of single bubbles formed on designed nucleation sites have been conducted under low-gravity conditions. Merging of multiple bubbles and lift-off processes during boiling of water in the parabola flights of KC-135 aircraft were also experimentally studied. The heating area of the flat heater surface was discretized and equipped with a number of small heating elements that were separately powered in the temperature-control mode. As such, the wall superheat remained nearly constant during the growth and departure of the bubbles, whereas the local heat flux varied during the boiling process. From numerical calculation it is found that peak of heat flux occurs locally at the contact line of bubble and heater surface. Dry conditions exist inside the bubble base area, which is characterized through a zero heat flux region in the numerical calculation and a lower heat flux period in the experimental results. During the merger of multiple bubbles, dry-out continues. In both the numerical calculations and experimental results, the bubble lift-off is associated with an apparent increase in heat flux. Wall heat flux variation with time and spatial distribution during the growth of a single bubble from numerical simulations are compared with experimental data.
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Hubbard A, Liang S, Maszle D, Qiu D, Gu X, Spear RC. Estimating the distribution of worm burden and egg excretion of Schistosoma japonicum by risk group in Sichuan Province, China. Parasitology 2002; 125:221-31. [PMID: 12358419 DOI: 10.1017/s003118200200207x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During autumn 2000 an extensive cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of Schistosomiasis japonicum was conducted among about 4000 villagers within 20 villages in the Anning River Valley located in the southwestern Sichuan Province. Two procedures were used to assess infection status, the Kato-Katz thick smear procedure and a miracidia hatch test. Whereas the Kato-Katz procedure provides information on both prevalence and intensity, the hatch test provides only prevalence data, albeit on a much larger volume of stool. In addition, we performed Kato-Katz smears for 15 consecutive samples on a subset of 15 individuals. The proportion of both hatch-test and Kato-Katz positive individuals in the larger cross-sectional survey was 25%. The goal of the study was to estimate both the egg and worm distributions among risk groups using both the hatch and Kato-Katz tests from the cross-sectional data and the repeated Kato-Katz smears from the longitudinal data sets. As a prelude to parameter estimation, individuals were classified into risk groups by natural village and occupation; the proportion of Kato-Katz positive subjects among the risk groups varied from 10% to 60%. We used the statistical model of de Vlas et al. (1992) and Bayesian techniques to derive both estimates of and inference about the worm and egg distribution parameters. The parameter estimates imply (1) similar eggs per gram stool (e.p.g.) per worm pair compared with earlier estimates, (2) a range of worm burdens among the risk groups and (3) estimates of risk heterogeneity within groups is sensitive to prior information on the within-person variability in egg excretion.
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Nölling J, Breton G, Omelchenko MV, Makarova KS, Zeng Q, Gibson R, Lee HM, Dubois J, Qiu D, Hitti J, Wolf YI, Tatusov RL, Sabathe F, Doucette-Stamm L, Soucaille P, Daly MJ, Bennett GN, Koonin EV, Smith DR. Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the solvent-producing bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:4823-38. [PMID: 11466286 PMCID: PMC99537 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.16.4823-4838.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence of the solvent-producing bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 has been determined by the shotgun approach. The genome consists of a 3.94-Mb chromosome and a 192-kb megaplasmid that contains the majority of genes responsible for solvent production. Comparison of C. acetobutylicum to Bacillus subtilis reveals significant local conservation of gene order, which has not been seen in comparisons of other genomes with similar, or, in some cases closer, phylogenetic proximity. This conservation allows the prediction of many previously undetected operons in both bacteria. However, the C. acetobutylicum genome also contains a significant number of predicted operons that are shared with distantly related bacteria and archaea but not with B. subtilis. Phylogenetic analysis is compatible with the dissemination of such operons by horizontal transfer. The enzymes of the solventogenesis pathway and of the cellulosome of C. acetobutylicum comprise a new set of metabolic capacities not previously represented in the collection of complete genomes. These enzymes show a complex pattern of evolutionary affinities, emphasizing the role of lateral gene exchange in the evolution of the unique metabolic profile of the bacterium. Many of the sporulation genes identified in B. subtilis are missing in C. acetobutylicum, which suggests major differences in the sporulation process. Thus, comparative analysis reveals both significant conservation of the genome organization and pronounced differences in many systems that reflect unique adaptive strategies of the two gram-positive bacteria.
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Ma X, Qiu D, Peng Y, Chen X. [Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule in murine livers with experimental autoimmune hepatitis]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2001; 9:226-8. [PMID: 11602055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in murine livers with experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) and its relationship with histological grades. METHODS To induce the EAH model, the syngeneic S-100 antigen emulsified in complete Freud's adjuvant was injected intraperitoneally to C57Bl/6 at day 1 and day 7. The mice were sacrificed at day 7, 14, and 21 after the first immunization. The expression of NCAM was observed using histoimmunochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of NCAM increased gradually with aggravation of lymphocyte infiltration and hepatocyte injury. The administration of prednisolone decreased the histological grade, and inhibited the expression of NCAM. There was a correlation between the expression of NCAM and histological grade (r=0.71, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS NCAM provides a traffic signal for infiltration of lymphocytes in the liver, hence induces the injury of hepatocytes.
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Xu L, Yue L, Tan S, Yang S, Qiu D, Kong Y, Han D, Hu R, Deng L, Li L, Zhang J. [Polycystic ovaraian syndrome and hyperinsulinemia]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 2001; 32:303-6. [PMID: 12600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the relationship between polycystic ovarian syndrome and hyperinsulinemia. METHODS Age, body height, body weight, serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and cortisol were measured in 28 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). RESULTS Sxiteen patients (57.1% of total) had hyperinsulinemia. Among them one patient was found diabetic. No difference was noted in age, height, body weight, body mass index, serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, FSH, LH, PRL, T3, T4, cortisol, and glucose of OGTT between hyperinsulinemia and non-hyperinsulinemia patients. However the LH/FSH ratio (2.4 +/- 1.5) in hyperinsulinemia patients was significantly higher than 1.2 +/- 0.6 in non-hyperinsulinemia patients (P = 0.0125). In addition, the results showed that the fasting serum insulin, insulin after OGTT, the insulin/glucose ratio at 30, 120 minutes, 180 minutes, the area under curve of and the insulin, insulin resistant index (IRI) were higher in hyperinsulinemia pateints than in non-hyperinsulinemia patients respectively. Furthermore, the fasting insulin level, insulin/glucose ratio were found to be negatively related to insulin sensitivity index and positively related with beta-cell functioning index. CONCLUSION Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance accompany with some of the PCOS patients in China. Further investigations will be necessary to clarify the relevant mechanisms.
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Xiang X, Qiu D, Hegele RD, Tan WC. Comparison of different methods of total RNA extraction for viral detection in sputum. J Virol Methods 2001; 94:129-35. [PMID: 11337047 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Examination of sputum specimens can be used for monitoring airway inflammation by means of immunological and molecular techniques. RNA extraction is essential for measurement of cytokine gene expression and for detection of many viral pathogens in sputum. In this study, three RNA extraction methods used commonly (acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction, Trizol and RNeasy Mini kit) were compared on the sputum of 14 patients who had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect of dithiothreitol pre-treatment on sputum RNA extraction was also investigated. The yield and purity of total RNA were determined by spectrophotometry. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results of the house keeping gene (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and RNA sequences specific to common respiratory viruses were compared. The results showed that (1) total RNA extracted with Trizol had highest yield and purity among the three RNA extraction methods; (2) there was no significant difference among the three RNA extraction methods on the house keeping gene and viral detection by RT-PCR; (3) dithiothreitol pre-treatment did not improve either the purity of total RNA, or RT-PCR signal. Moreover, dithiothreitol treatment reduced significantly the yield of total RNA. The results of the study indicate that the Trizol method appears to be superior for total RNA extraction from sputum, and dithiothreitol pre-treatment does not increase the efficiency of RNA extraction and RNA detection in sputum specimens.
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Chen J, Qiu D, Tao D. [Time for extubation and sequential noninvasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients with exacerbated respiratory failure who received invasive ventilation]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2001; 24:99-100. [PMID: 11802949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the optimal time for extubation and sequential non-invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients with exacerbated respiratory failure who received invasive ventilation. METHODS 24 patients received invasive ventilation for 3 days were randomly assigned to receive noninvasive ventilation (study group) or to continue the weaning process with invasive ventilation (control group). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), the incidence of death, the duration of ventilation, the hospitalization were analyzed in two groups. RESULTS Between study group and control group, the incidence of VAP was 0/12 vs 7/12, P = 0.027; the incidence of death was 0/12 vs 3/12, P = 0.217; the continued duration of ventilation after invasive ventilation for 3 days was (7 +/- 5) days vs (15 +/- 12) days, P < 0.05; the hospitalization was (16 +/- 6) days vs (25 +/- 12) days, P < 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In COPD patients with exacerbated respiratory failure who received invasive ventilation, invasive ventilation for 3 days followed by noninvasive ventilation may decrease the incidence of VAP, shorten the duration of ventilation and hospitalization.
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