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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Baller B, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Buckley-Geer E, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Coleman SJ, Culling AJ, de Jong JK, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Dytman SA, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Harris EF, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Godley A, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grossman N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hsu L, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Kim JJ, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kotelnikov SK, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Peck CW, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Smith C, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zhang K, Zwaska R. Search for active neutrino disappearance using neutral-current interactions in the MINOS long-baseline experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:221804. [PMID: 19113477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.221804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first detailed comparisons of the rates and spectra of neutral-current neutrino interactions at two widely separated locations. A depletion in the rate at the far site would indicate mixing between nu(mu) and a sterile particle. No anomalous depletion in the reconstructed energy spectrum is observed. Assuming oscillations occur at a single mass-squared splitting, a fit to the neutral- and charged-current energy spectra limits the fraction of nu(mu) oscillating to a sterile neutrino to be below 0.68 at 90% confidence level. A less stringent limit due to a possible contribution to the measured neutral-current event rate at the far site from nu(e) appearance at the current experimental limit is also presented.
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Esrailian E, Gralnek IM, Jensen D, Laine L, Dulai GS, Eisen G, Spiegel BMR. Evaluating the process of care in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a survey of expert vs. non-expert gastroenterologists. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28:1199-208. [PMID: 18729846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When faced with the same facts, physicians often make different decisions. Aim To perform a survey to measure the process of care and variations in decision-making in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage (NVUGIH) and compare results between experts and non-experts. METHODS We administered a vignette survey to elicit knowledge and beliefs about NVUGIH, including 13 'best practice' guidelines. We compared guideline compliance between experts and non-experts. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-eight gastroenterologists responded (46%). Experts endorsed more 'best practices' than non-experts (93% vs. 85%; P = 0.002). Non-experts were more likely to endorse incorrectly bolus dosing vs. continuous infusion of intravenous proton pump inhibitors (PPIs; 92% vs. 64%; P = 0.005) and to select standard-channel vs. large-channel endoscopes in high-risk bleeding (100% vs. 85%; P = 0.04). There were wide variations within groups regarding the timing of nasogastric lavage, use of promotility agents, use of hemoclips and appropriateness of snaring clots overlying ulcers. CONCLUSIONS Experts are more likely to comply with NVUGIH guidelines. Non-experts diverge from experts in the dosing of PPIs and choice of endoscope in high-risk bleeding. Moreover, there are wide variations in key practices even within groups. This suggests that best practices have been generally well disseminated, but that persistent disconnects exist that should be further investigated.
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Buckley-Geer E, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coleman SJ, Culling AJ, de Jong JK, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Dytman SA, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grossman N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Kim JJ, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Peck CW, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zois M, Zhang K, Zwaska R. Testing Lorentz invariance and CPT conservation with NuMI neutrinos in the MINOS near detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:151601. [PMID: 18999585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.151601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A search for a sidereal modulation in the MINOS near detector neutrino data was performed. If present, this signature could be a consequence of Lorentz and CPT violation as predicted by the effective field theory called the standard-model extension. No evidence for a sidereal signal in the data set was found, implying that there is no significant change in neutrino propagation that depends on the direction of the neutrino beam in a sun-centered inertial frame. Upper limits on the magnitudes of the Lorentz and CPT violating terms in the standard-model extension lie between 10(-4) and 10(-2) of the maximum expected, assuming a suppression of these signatures by a factor of 10(-17).
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Buckley-Geer E, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Coleman SJ, Culling AJ, de Jong JK, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Dytman SA, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Harris EF, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Godley A, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grossman N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Kim JJ, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kotelnikov SK, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Peck CW, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Smart W, Smith C, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Symes P, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tavera MA, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zois M, Zhang K, Zwaska R. Measurement of neutrino oscillations with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:131802. [PMID: 18851439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports new results from the MINOS experiment based on a two-year exposure to muon neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. Our data are consistent with quantum-mechanical oscillations of neutrino flavor with mass splitting |Deltam2| = (2.43+/-0.13) x 10(-3) eV2 (68% C.L.) and mixing angle sin2(2theta) > 0.90 (90% C.L.). Our data disfavor two alternative explanations for the disappearance of neutrinos in flight: namely, neutrino decays into lighter particles and quantum decoherence of neutrinos, at the 3.7 and 5.7 standard-deviation levels, respectively.
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Hoem D, Jensen D, Steine S, Thorsen TE, Viste A, Molven A. Clinicopathological characteristics and non-adhesive organ culture of insulinomas. Scand J Surg 2008; 97:42-9. [PMID: 18450205 DOI: 10.1177/145749690809700106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulinoma is a very rare type of islet cell tumour, but nevertheless the most common endocrine tumour of the pancreas. We aimed at reviewing our clinical experience with this tumour type and to assess whether organ culture could be obtained from surgically resected insulinoma material. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients with insulinomas (6 men and 10 women) referred to Haukeland University Hospital between 1986 and 2006 were included in the study. Median age of onset was 53 years (range 21-74). Biochemical diagnosis was established during a 72 h fast test. Imaging and localization of the tumours were performed with intra-operative ultrasonography, endoscopic ultrasonography, CT-scan and/or transcutaneous ultrasonography. For six patients, organ cultures were set up from tumour tissue fragments. RESULTS The annual incidence of insulinoma was 0.8 per million. The patients generally presented with non-specific, episodic symptoms, which often were mistaken for cardiovascular, neurological or diabetic disease and in some cases delayed the diagnosis with several years. Two patients had diabetes prior to the diagnosis of insulinoma. Patient weight gain was probably due to increased food intake, compensating for the hypoglycemia. Intra-operative ultrasonography detected all tumours correctly, whereas 73% were detected by endoscopic ultrasonography and 38% by CT scan. Five insulinomas were located in the head, eight in the body and three in the tail of the pancreas. All were removed by open-access surgery, eleven cases by resection and five by enucleation. One tumour was malignant with liver metastases and two patients had tumours defined as borderline. Insulinoma tissue fragments developed into spheroids during the first week of culturing and insulin secretion into the media was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Insulinomas are rare and diagnostically challenging tumours. Intra-operative ultrasonography was superior to other imaging modalities to locate the lesion. In organ culture, insulinomas readily form spheroids which may be used to yield insight into beta-cell biology.
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Jensen D, Holmstrup M, Bayley M. Effects of high and low temperatures on thermal tolerance in Folsomia candida (Collembola). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jensen D, Zhang Z, Flynn FW. Trafficking of tachykinin neurokinin 3 receptor to nuclei of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus following osmotic challenge. Neuroscience 2008; 155:308-16. [PMID: 18583062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinin neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) is a G-protein (GTP binding protein) -coupled receptor that is heavily expressed by magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Osmotic challenge is reported to activate NK3R expressed by magnocellular neurons and cause the NK3R to be internalized to the cytoplasm and perhaps the cell nucleus. In this study we show using immuno-electron microscopy that isolated nuclei from neurons in the PVN of osmotic challenged animals (rats) show a robust labeling for the NK3R. NK3R immunoreactivity was detected by Western blot in isolated nuclei of PVN neurons following the 2 M NaCl injection. No nuclear NK3R immunoreactivity was detected in control animals. NK3R antibody specificity was confirmed by small interfering (SI) RNA technology. This study establishes that the NK3R is trafficked to the nucleus of PVN neurons following a peripheral osmotic challenge.
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Sung JJY, Mössner J, Barkun A, Kuipers EJ, Lau J, Jensen D, Stuart R, Junghard O, Olsson G. Intravenous esomeprazole for prevention of peptic ulcer re-bleeding: rationale/design of Peptic Ulcer Bleed study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:666-77. [PMID: 18248654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of trials have investigated the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors for peptic ulcer bleeding, and some study design issues have been identified. AIM To present the design of a large trial evaluating the effects of intravenous esomeprazole on clinical outcomes in high-risk patients who have undergone endoscopic haemostasis for peptic ulcer bleeding. METHODS The Peptic Ulcer Bleed study is an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing either esomeprazole 80 mg intravenous bolus infusion for 30 min followed by esomeprazole 8 mg/h intravenously for 71.5 h, or placebo infusion for 72 h, after successful endoscopic haemostasis in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding and associated high-risk stigmata. All patients will receive once daily oral esomeprazole 40 mg for 27 days after intravenous therapy. The primary end point is the rate of clinically significant re-bleeding during the first 72 h after endoscopy. Secondary end points include: rate of re-bleeding during the first 7 and 30 days after treatment; length of hospitalization; mortality; blood transfusion; endoscopic re-treatment and surgery. RESULTS Expected 2008. CONCLUSIONS The carefully designed protocol and quality control measures represent a pragmatic approach to contemporary challenges in peptic ulcer bleeding management and, it is hoped, qualify the Peptic Ulcer Bleed study as a new standard for future interventional studies.
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Jensen D, Amjadi K, Harris-McAllister V, Webb KA, O'Donnell DE. Mechanisms of dyspnoea relief and improved exercise endurance after furosemide inhalation in COPD. Thorax 2008; 63:606-13. [PMID: 18250181 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.085993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of inhaled furosemide on the ventilatory and perceptual response to high-intensity constant-load cycle exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 20 patients with COPD (mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 s 45 (15)% predicted) received either nebulised furosemide 40 mg or placebo on two separate days. Thirty minutes after each treatment, patients performed pulmonary function tests and a symptom-limited cycle exercise test at 75% of their maximum incremental work rate. Changes in spirometry, plethysmographic lung volumes, dynamic operating lung volumes, ventilation, breathing pattern, cardiovascular function, dyspnoea intensity and exercise endurance time were compared between treatments. RESULTS Compared with placebo, treatment with furosemide resulted in a mean (SD) decrease in dyspnoea intensity at the highest equivalent exercise time (ie, isotime for each patient) of 0.9 (1.0) Borg units (p<0.01) and an increase in exercise endurance time of 1.65 (0.63) min (p<0.05). These improvements were associated with increases in dynamic inspiratory capacity, tidal volume and mean tidal expiratory flow rates at isotime (p<0.01). The eight patients whose exercise endurance time improved by >1 min had greater changes in operating lung volumes (p<0.05), submaximal oxygen pulse (p<0.05) and oxygen uptake (p = 0.05) than those in whom exercise endurance time did not improve. CONCLUSION Alleviation of exertional dyspnoea after single-dose furosemide inhalation in COPD is multifactorial but improvements in dynamic ventilatory mechanics are contributory in some individuals.
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Eiberg JP, Grantcharov TP, Eriksen JR, Boel T, Buhl C, Jensen D, Pedersen JF, Schulze S. Ultrasound of the acute abdomen performed by surgeons in training. MINERVA CHIR 2008; 63:17-22. [PMID: 18212723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Ultrasound has a well-established role in the diagnostic assessment of acute abdominal pain where some ultrasonically easily-accessible organs account for several diagnostic possibilities. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether surgeons without ultrasound experience could perform valid abdominal ultrasound examinations of patients referred with acute abdominal pain. METHODS Patients referred with acute abdominal pain had an ultrasound examination by a surgeon in training as well as by an experienced consultant radiologist whose results served as the gold standard. All participating surgeons were without any pre-existing ultrasound experience and received one hour of introduction to abdominal ultrasound. RESULTS Thirty patients underwent 40 surgeon performed and 30 radiologist performed ultrasound examinations. Regarding gallstone and cholecholecystitis the sensitivity, specificity and kappa-agreement of the surgeon performed ultrasound examination was 1.00 (0.77-1.00), 0.96 (0.79-0.99), 0.94 (0.3-1.00) and 0.40 (0.12-0.77), 0.97 (0.83-0.99), 0.44 (0.00-0.96); respectively. Visualization of the common bile duct was poor having 73% non-diagnostic surgeon-performed ultrasound examinations. CONCLUSION Surgeons in training without pre-existing ultrasound experience and only a minimum of formal ultrasound education can perform valid and reliable ultrasound examinations of the gallbladder in patients admitted with acute abdominal pain.
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Bailey DW, Vanwagoner HC, Weinmeister R, Jensen D. Comparison of low-moisture blocks and salt for manipulating grazing patterns of beef cows. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:1271-7. [PMID: 18203975 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to compare the effects of strategically placed salt and low-moisture blocks (LMB) and salt on grazing distribution and diurnal behavior patterns of individual cows grazing foothill rangeland in northern Montana during autumn. The study was divided into 2 sets, each containing 2 consecutive 10-d periods. Cows (n = 32) were tracked with global positioning system collars for 1 set. Salt and LMB were available for 1 period, and only salt was available for the other period. During these 2 periods, all supplements were placed in approximately the same location (within a 5-ha area) on ridges away from water and that historically received little use. When LMB was available, cows used higher elevations (1,182 +/- 2 m) and were farther horizontally from water (531 +/- 7 m) than when only salt (1,171 +/- 2 m and 486 +/- 7 m, respectively) was provided (P < 0.001). Cows traveled 4.35 +/- 0.09 km/d when supplemented with LMB and 3.94 +/- 0.09 km/d with salt (P < 0.001). Observed differences between treatments for time spent near supplements were most apparent (P < 0.001) in the higher terrain between 10 to 100 m from placement sites. Cows were more active (not resting) when LMB was available than when only salt was available (P < 0.001), but much of the difference in activity between treatments appeared to be consumption of LMB at night. Over a 24-h period, 47 of the 73 min that cows spent within 10 m of LMB (a visit) occurred at night. Results from this study support previous research suggesting that LMB is an effective attractant that can be used to lure cattle to graze high elevations away from water.
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Karamperis N, Jensen D, Sloth E, Jensen JD. Comparison of predilution hemodiafiltration and low-flux hemodialysis at temperature-controlled conditions using high calcium-ion concentration in the replacement and dialysis fluid. Clin Nephrol 2007; 67:230-9. [PMID: 17474559 DOI: 10.5414/cnp67230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is the prevailing view that convective dialysis techniques stabilize blood pressure. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamics of high-dose predilution hemodiafiltration (HDF) and low-flux hemodialysis (HD), under matched conditions and using high calcium-ion concentration in the replacement/dialysis fluid. METHODS 13 stable hemodialysis patients were investigated in a randomized crossover, blinded controlled trial. The patients were allocated to one session of predilution HDF (substitution fluid 1.20 1/kg BW) and one session of HD at 4.5 hours. At the start of the dialysis the patient's core temperature was "locked" by an automatic feedback system regulating the dialysate temperature, thereby patient's temperature was kept stable throughout the whole treatment. The Ca ion concentration in the substitution/dialysis fluid was 1.75 mM. Cardiac output was measured hourly by the ultrasound velocity dilution method. RESULTS Within treatments comparisons revealed that both treatments displayed stable mean blood pressure and equally reduced cardiac output. HDF showed decreased stroke volume and increased total peripheral resistance. The pulse rate decreased significantly only during HD. Arterial temperature was kept constant during both treatments. Ultrafiltration volume, cardiopulmonary recirculation, relative blood volume, Kt/V and total energy transfer were matched for HD and HDF. The overall between treatments comparisons revealed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that during matched conditions and high calcium concentrations, the hemodynamic profiles of high dose predilution HDF and lowflux HD were similar. Both modalities showed stable mean blood pressure profiles. An acute circulatory benefit of convective solute removal over diffusive, could not be demonstrated.
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Michael DG, Adamson P, Alexopoulos T, Allison WWM, Alner GJ, Anderson K, Andreopoulos C, Andrews M, Andrews R, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Arroyo C, Auty DJ, Avvakumov S, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barish B, Barker MA, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Beall E, Becker BR, Belias A, Bergfeld T, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bocean V, Bock B, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Border PM, Bower C, Boyd S, Buckley-Geer E, Bungau C, Byon-Wagner A, Cabrera A, Chapman JD, Chase TR, Cherdack D, Chernichenko SK, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Cossairt JD, Courant H, Crane DA, Culling AJ, Dawson JW, de Jong JK, DeMuth DM, De Santo A, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Drake G, Drakoulakos D, Ducar R, Durkin T, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Fackler OD, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fields TH, Ford R, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Giurgiu GA, Godley A, Gogos J, Goodman MC, Gornushkin Y, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn E, Grossman N, Grudzinski JJ, Grzelak K, Guarino V, Habig A, Halsall R, Hanson J, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hartouni EP, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hill N, Ho Y, Holin A, Howcroft C, Hylen J, Ignatenko M, Indurthy D, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jenner L, Jensen D, Joffe-Minor T, Kafka T, Kang HJ, Kasahara SMS, Kilmer J, Kim H, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kostin M, Kotelnikov SK, Krakauer DA, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Ladran AS, Lang K, Laughton C, Lebedev A, Lee R, Lee WY, Libkind MA, Ling J, Liu J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Longley NP, Lucas P, Luebke W, Madani S, Maher E, Makeev V, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marino AD, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McDonald J, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Milburn RH, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Miyagawa PS, Moore CD, Morfín J, Morse R, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Murtagh MJ, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson C, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nezrick F, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver J, Oliver WP, Onuchin VA, Osiecki T, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pearce GF, Pearson N, Peck CW, Perry C, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Ping H, Piteira R, Pittam R, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Price LE, Proga M, Pushka DR, Rahman D, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Read AL, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Reyna DE, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Saakyan R, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schoessow PV, Schreiner P, Schwienhorst R, Semenov VK, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Shield PD, Smart W, Smirnitsky V, Smith C, Smith PN, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Stefanik A, Sullivan P, Swan JM, Symes PA, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Terekhov A, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trendler R, Trevor J, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vakili M, Vaziri K, Velissaris C, Verebryusov V, Viren B, Wai L, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, White RF, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Wu QK, Yan WG, Yang T, Yumiceva FX, Yun JC, Zheng H, Zois M, Zwaska R. Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:191801. [PMID: 17155614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.).
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Adeyemi OM, Attar B, Jensen D, Ghaoui R, Cotler SJ. Serological markers of autoimmunity in patients infected with hepatitis C virus: impact of HIV co-infection. HIV Med 2006; 6:371-4. [PMID: 16268816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2005.00323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the prevalence, predictors and significance of autoantibody expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with or without HIV co-infection. METHODS Retrospective review of laboratory and histologic data for all patients with CHC who had a liver biopsy available. HIV status was documented in all patients. Results analyzed in SPSS10, Chicago, IL, a p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS 170 patients with hepatitis C viremia, including 107 (63%) HIV co-infection, who had testing for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) or anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) were included in the study. Overall, 63% (74/117) of patients were ASMA seropositive and 6% (9/153) were positive for ANA. All 117 patients tested for AMA were negative. HIV co-infected patients were significantly more likely to be ASMA positive 71% (53/75) compared to those with hepatitis C alone (50%) [P=0.026]. There were no significant differences in age, gender, race, risk group, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels or grade of inflammation on histology between autoantibody positive and negative patients. ASMA positive patients had significantly higher globulin levels (P=0.036) and a trend towards more bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients with autoantibody expression rarely had histologic features of AIH. CONCLUSION We found a high rate of ASMA seropositivity in our cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C, and HIV co-infection was associated with significantly higher rates of ASMA expression. Autoantibody expression was not associated with demographic or clinical characteristics and does not necessarily preclude antiviral therapy.
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Marcellin P, Teuber G, Freilich B, Weiland O, Di Bisceglie A, Brandao-Mello C, Canva V, Andreone P, Rai R, Jensen D. P.259 Retreatment with peginterferon alpha-2a (40KD) (Pegasys®) plus ribavirin (Copegus®) in patients in whom pegylated interferon alpha-2b (12KD)/ribavirin has failed: planned week-12 efficacy and safety analysis of the repeat study. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wergeland S, Beiske A, Nyland H, Hovdal H, Jensen D, Larsen JP, Marøy TH, Smievoll AI, Vedeler CA, Myhr KM. IL-10 promoter haplotype influence on interferon treatment response in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12:171-5. [PMID: 15693804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.01102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression is related to polymorphisms -1082 (G/A), -819 (T/C) and -592 (A/C) in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene, which constitute three haplotypes, GCC, ATA, and ACC. The ATA (a non-GCC) haplotype, which is associated with low IL-10 expression, has been shown to improve interferon (IFN) treatment response in hepatitis C. We analysed the distribution of IL-10 promoter haplotype combinations to determine whether they could influence initial IFN treatment response in 63 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). The patients were grouped into non-GCC or GCC haplotypes, and the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease activity was compared in the two groups. During the first 6 months of treatment, MS patients with non-GCC haplotypes experienced fewer new MRI T1-contrast enhancing lesions [0.77+/-0.36 (SEM)] than patients with the GCC haplotype (2.45+/-0.57) (P=0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). No differences were detected on clinical disease activity. The results suggest an influence of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms on IFN treatment response in MS.
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Dulai G, Jensen D, Cortina G, Ippoliti A. 48 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ABLATION FOR BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00205.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Laing WA, Bulley S, Wright M, Cooney J, Jensen D, Barraclough D, MacRae E. A highly specific L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase on the path to ascorbate biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:16976-81. [PMID: 15550539 PMCID: PMC534719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407453101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate is a critical compound in plants and animals. Humans are unable to synthesize ascorbate, and their main source of this essential vitamin are plants. However, the pathway of synthesis in plants is yet to be established, and several unknown enzymes are only postulated to exist. We describe a specific L-galactose-1-phosphate (L-gal-1-P) phosphatase that we partially purified from young kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) berries. The enzyme had a native molecular mass of approximately 65 kDa, was completely dependent on Mg2+ for activity and was very specific in its ability to hydrolyze L-gal-1-P. The activity had a pH optimum of 7.0, a K(-M(L-gal-1-P) of 20-40 microM and a Ka(Mg2+) of 0.2 mM. The activity was inhibited by Mg2+ at concentrations >2 mM. The enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana shoots showed similar properties to the kiwifruit enzyme. The Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme preparation was digested with trypsin, and proteins present were identified by using liquid chromatography-MS. One of 24 proteins present in our preparation was an Arabidopsis thaliana protein, At3g02870, annotated myo-inositol-1-phosphate phosphatase in GenBank, that matched the characteristics of the purified l-gal-1-phosphate phosphatase. We then expressed a kiwifruit homologue of this gene in Escherichia coli and found that it showed 14-fold higher maximum velocity for l-gal-1-P than myo-inositol-1-P. The expressed enzyme showed very similar properties to the enzyme purified from kiwifruit and Arabidopsis, except that its KM(L-gal-1-P) and Ka(Mg2+) were higher in the expressed enzyme. The data are discussed in terms of the pathway to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple changes in antibodies against various antigens are found in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE We wanted to measure immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to some common food antigens in MS and also IgG against gliadin and gluten. METHODS The IgA antibodies were measured in serum against gluten, gliadin, lactoglobulin, lactalbumin, casein and ovalbumin in patients with MS and controls using ELISA technique. IgG was likewise measured for gluten and gliadin. RESULTS Highly significant increases compared with controls were found for IgA and IgG antibodies against gliadin and gluten. IgA antibodies against casein were significantly increased. Anti-endomycium and anti-transglutaminase antibodies were negative. CONCLUSIONS The data presented indicate that there may be a possible moderately increased uptake of some specific proteins from the gut in MS compared with controls.
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Kirby RS, Quinn S, Mallen S, Jensen D. Doxazosin controlled release vs tamsulosin in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: an efficacy analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2004; 58:6-10. [PMID: 14994963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2004.0031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis is presented to compare the efficacies of the doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system (doxazosin-GITS) and tamsulosin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), collecting data from a published 20-week, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Results demonstrated that after 8 weeks of treatment, both doxazosin-GITS and tamsulosin provided significant (p < 0.001) improvement from baseline in total international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and obstructive and irritative subscores. Doxazosin-GITS was more effective than tamsulosin (p = 0.019 between-group difference for total IPSS; p = 0.001 for irritative subscore). Similarly, after the first 4 weeks of treatment, prior to dose titration, both doxazosin-GITS and tamsulosin provided significant (p < or = 0.001) improvement in total IPSS and subscores. Doxazosin-GITS was more effective than tamsulosin (p = 0.045 between-group difference for obstructive subscore). These data confirm that the efficacy of doxazosin is superior to that of tamsulosin in the management of patients with BPH.
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Stoltenberg M, Locht L, Larsen A, Jensen D, Danscher G. In vivo cellular uptake of bismuth ions from shotgun pellets. Histol Histopathol 2003; 18:781-5. [PMID: 12792890 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shotgun pellets containing bismuth (Bi) are widely used and may cause a rather intense exposure of some wild animals to Bi. A Bi shotgun pellet was implanted intramuscularly in the triceps surae muscle of 18 adult male Wistar rats. Another group of 9 animals had a Bi shotgun pellet implanted intracranially in the neocortex. Eight weeks to 12 months later the release of Bi ions was analysed by autometallography (AMG) of tissue sections from different organs (brain, spinal cord, kidney, liver, testes). In the group with intramuscular Bi shotgun pellets no AMG staining could be found for the first 2-4 months; 6 months after exposure Bi was traced in the kidney. Twelve months after the implantation the kidneys were heavily loaded and Bi was also traced in testosterone-producing Leydig cells, in glial cells and in neurons of brain and spinal cord. In the central nervous system (CNS) motor neurons were the most loaded. In rats with intracranially implanted shotgun pellets a massive uptake of Bi was observed involving both glia and neurons throughout the brain. The cells close to the shotgun pellet had the highest uptake. The animals showed a pronounced Bi uptake in the ependyma cells lining the ventricular system and in the cubic epithelia covering the choroid plexus. Dissemination of Bi ions to the rest of the body was demonstrated by AMG tracing of Bi accumulations in the tubular cells of the kidney. These findings emphasize that metallic Bi, including shotgun pellets, represents sites of intense Bi pollution if implanted or shot into a living organism, and further that such metallic Bi bodies, if they enter the CNS, cause a spread of Bi ions throughout it.
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Sharma JM, Zhang Y, Jensen D, Rautenschlein S, Yeh HY. Field trial in commercial broilers with a multivalent in ovo vaccine comprising a mixture of live viral vaccines against Marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease, and fowl pox. Avian Dis 2003; 46:613-22. [PMID: 12243525 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0613:fticbw]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent in ovo vaccine (MIV) was tested for safety and efficacy in a commercial broiler complex. The MIV comprised five replicating live viruses including serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of Marek's disease virus (MDV), an intermediate infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and a recombinant fowl poxvirus (FPV) vector vaccine containing HN and F genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The performance of MIV-vaccinated broilers was compared with that of hatchmates that received turkey herpesvirus (HVT) alone (routinely used in ovo vaccine in the broiler complex). The chickens that hatched from the MIV-injected and HVT-injected eggs were raised under commercial conditions in six barns. Barn 1 housed 17,853 MIV-vaccinated chickens and each of the barns 2-6 housed 18,472-22,798 HVT-vaccinated chickens. The HVT-vaccinated chickens were given infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and NDV vaccines at hatch and at 2 wk of age. The MIV-vaccinated chickens received IBV vaccine at hatch and IBV + NDV at 2 wk of age. The relative values of hatchability of eggs, livability and weight gain of chickens, and condemnation rates at processing were comparable between the MIV and the HVT groups (P > 0.05). Chickens from the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups were challenged with virulent viruses under laboratory conditions. The resistance of vaccinated chickens against Marek's disease could not be assessed because of high natural resistance of unvaccinated commercial broilers to virulent MDV. The relative resistances of the MIV- and the HVT-vaccinated groups, respectively, against other virulent viruses were as follows: IBDV, 100% for both groups; NDV, 81% vs. 19%; FPV, 86% vs. 0%. The successful use of MIV under field conditions expands the usefulness of the in ovo technology for poultry.
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Fevang BT, Jensen D, Svanes K, Viste A. Early operation or conservative management of patients with small bowel obstruction? THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY = ACTA CHIRURGICA 2003; 168:475-81. [PMID: 12549688 DOI: 10.1080/110241502321116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome after initial non-operative treatment in patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University hospital, Norway. PATIENTS One hundred and fifty-four patients with 166 episodes of SBO admitted during the period (1994-1995). Patients younger than 10 years as well as patients with large bowel obstruction, paralytic ileus, incarcerated hernia or SBO caused by cancer were excluded from the study. INTERVENTIONS Patients with signs of strangulation were operated on early. The rest were given a trial of conservative treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Need of operative treatment. Incidence of bowel strangulation, complications and death. RESULTS There were 166 cases of SBO. Twenty patients were operated on early among whom bowel was strangulated in 9. Among the 146 patients initially treated conservatively 93 (64%) settled without operation, 9 (6%) had strangulated bowel and 3 (2%) died. Of the 91 patients with partial obstruction but no sign of strangulation, 72 (79%) resolved on conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS Patients with partial obstruction with no sign of strangulation should initially be treated conservatively. When complete obstruction is present, it may settle on conservative management, but the use of supplementary diagnostic tools might be desirable to find the patients who will need early operative treatment.
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Weiss J, Jensen D. Modern stationary phases for ion chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003; 375:81-98. [PMID: 12520442 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-002-1646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2002] [Revised: 09/20/2002] [Accepted: 10/15/2002] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the better understanding of the processes taking place at the surface of the stationary phases, the number of ion-exchange materials for ion chromatography (IC) has increased tremendously over recent years. As a result, the multitude of commercially available columns today with their different selectivities for anion and cation chromatography is almost confusing. Hence, the aim of this article is to describe the different principles determining selectivity and ion-exchange capacity and to classify the various ion-exchange materials accordingly. To ensure a fair comparison of these columns, the selectivity differences are illustrated by showing separations of standards rather than individual samples.
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