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Buckvar-Keltz L, Robinson E, Gillespie C, Hopkins M. How do international health electives impact medical students in their
long term career paths? Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Corker E, Hamilton S, Robinson E, Cotney J, Pinfold V, Rose D, Thornicroft G, Henderson C. Viewpoint survey of mental health service users' experiences of discrimination in England 2008-2014. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134 Suppl 446:6-13. [PMID: 27426641 PMCID: PMC6681145 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Discrimination reported by mental health service users in England is high. The study aims to determine changes in mental health-related discrimination from 2008 to 2014. METHODS Samples of mental health service users were interviewed from 2008 to 2014 using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale version 12. Social capital in terms of access to social resources is a marker of discrimination in terms of effects on social connections, and so from 2011, social capital also measured using the Resource Generator-UK. RESULTS Fewer participants reported discrimination in one or more life areas in 2014 compared to 2008 (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.94 P = 0.03). A weighted multiple regression model found a decrease in overall discrimination in 2014 compared to 2008 (mean difference: -13.55, 95% CI: -17.32 to -9.78, P < 0.001). There was not a consistent in discrimination decline between each year. No differences in access to social resources were found. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination has fallen significantly over 2008-2014, although there was not a consistent decline between years. There is no evidence that social capital has increased.
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Henderson C, Robinson E, Evans-Lacko S, Corker E, Rebollo-Mesa I, Rose D, Thornicroft G. Public knowledge, attitudes, social distance and reported contact regarding people with mental illness 2009-2015. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134 Suppl 446:23-33. [PMID: 27426643 PMCID: PMC6680221 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether public knowledge, attitudes, desire for social distance and reported contact in relation to people with mental health problems have improved in England during the Time to Change (TTC) programme to reduce stigma and discrimination 2009-2015. METHODS Using data from an annual face-to-face survey of a nationally representative sample of adults, we analysed longitudinal trends in the outcomes with regression modelling using standardised scores of the measures overall and by age and gender subgroups. RESULTS There were improvements in all outcomes. The improvement for knowledge was 0.17 standard deviation units in 2015 compared to 2009 (95% CI 0.10, 0.23); for attitudes 0.20 standard deviation units (95% CI 0.14, 0.27) and for social distance 0.17 standard deviation units (95% CI 0.11, 0.24). Survey year for 2015 vs. 2009 was associated with a higher likelihood of reported contact (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13, 1.53). Statistically significant interactions between year and age suggest the campaign had more impact on the attitudes of the target age group (25-45) than those aged over 65 or under 25. Women's reported contact with people with mental health problems increased more than did men's. CONCLUSION The results provide support for the effectiveness of TTC.
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Robinson E, Jones S, Menezes K, Abdullah M, Stronach E, Hoskins C, Richardson A. Pitavastatin is a potential treatment for drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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55
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Ruddock H, Jones A, Robinson E, Field M, Hardman C. Harmful or helpful? The effect of self-perceived food addiction on eating behaviour. Appetite 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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56
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Robinson E, Hardman C. Portion size: How much should I eat? Appetite 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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57
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Robinson E, Oldham M. Exposure to larger food portions alters visual judgments of portion size normality. Appetite 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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58
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Wiggans RE, Lewis L, Sumner J, Robinson E, Bradshaw L, Codling A, Fishwick D, Barber CM. P54 Respiratory symptoms, lung function and quality of life in British foundry workers: Abstract P54 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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59
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Fishwick D, Sumner J, Barber CM, Robinson E, Codling A, Lewis L, Young C, Warren N. P61 Respiratory ill health in the silica exposed brick manufacturing sector. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fishwick D, Sumner J, Barber CM, Robinson E, Codling A, Lewis L, Young C, Warren N. P65 Respiratory ill health in the silica exposed stone working sector. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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61
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Robinson E, Yunker A. Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Repair of a Cesarean Scar Defect With Hysteroscopic Guidance. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:S154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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62
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Fried J, Robinson E, Delgado J, Drescher M. 125 Optimizing a Rational Departmental Protocol for Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism: Adjusting d-Dimer Cutoff for Age Can Further Reduce Computed Tomography Use With an Acceptable Miss Rate. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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63
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Robinson E, Hunger JM, Daly M. Perceived weight status and risk of weight gain across life in US and UK adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1721-6. [PMID: 26248659 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctly identifying oneself as being overweight is presumed to be a prerequisite to successful weight management. The present research examined the effect that perceiving oneself as being 'overweight' has on risk of future weight gain in US and UK adults. METHODS Data from three longitudinal studies; US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) 2001/2002-2008/2009, UK National Child Development Study (NCDS) 1981-2002/2004, and Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) 1995/1996-2004/2005, were used to examine the impact of perceiving oneself as being overweight on weight gain across adulthood in over 14 000 US and UK adults. RESULTS Participants who perceived their weight status as being overweight were at an increased risk of subsequent weight gain. This effect was observed irrespective of weight status at baseline and whether weight status perceptions were accurate or inaccurate. In the MIDUS sample, perceiving oneself as being overweight was associated with overeating in response to stress and this mediated the relationship between perceived overweight and weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Perceiving oneself as being 'overweight' is counter-intuitively associated with an increased risk of future weight gain among US and UK adults.
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Bartal AH, Teichner C, Cohen Y, Borovick R, Robinson E. Familial Cancer at the Northern Israel Oncology Center1. Fam Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000412590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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65
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Lewis HB, Forwood SE, Ahern AL, Verlaers K, Robinson E, Higgs S, Jebb SA. Personal and social norms for food portion sizes in lean and obese adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1319-24. [PMID: 25869600 PMCID: PMC4519652 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Portion size is an important component of dietary advice for weight control, but little is known about what portion sizes people consider “normal”. This study determined the effect of BMI, gender, dietary restraint, and liking of the food on personal and social portion size norms for a range of foods, and the degree of certainty over the norms. Methods 30 lean (BMI 20-25kg/m2) and 30 obese (BMI 30-35kg/m2) men and women (aged 18-60years) viewed 17 different portion sizes of 12 foods on a computer screen on two occasions a week apart. Participants responded ‘more’ or ‘less’ to each photograph reflecting personal portion size preference or perceived portion sizes of others. Personal and social norms for portion sizes of each food were determined using the method of constant stimuli giving a sigmoidal curve of the probability of answering ‘less’ over a range of portion sizes. The slope of the sigmoid at the norm gave a measure of certainty about the norm. Regression models were used to examine the effect of BMI, gender, dietary restraint and liking of the food on personal norms, social norms, the relationship between norms, and the slopes. Results Personal norms were significantly larger in the obese (p=0.026), men (p<0.001), those with lower dietary restraint (p<0.001), and those with higher liking for the food (p<0.001). Social norms were larger for women (p=0.012). The slopes at the norms were 30% shallower in the obese and in men (p<0.001). Conclusion Larger personal norms for portion size among the obese, men, those with lower dietary restraint, and those with higher liking for a food imply greater consumption, which may undermine weight control. Shallower slopes for norms in the obese and in men may imply less clearly defined habitual portion sizes.
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66
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Robinson E. Religious leaders as health educators: a pilot project in Northern
Ethiopia. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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67
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Robinson E. Incorporating religious leaders into the HIV care continuum in Northern
Ethiopia: Evaluation of a pilot project and development of a scale up plan
with a focus on sustainability. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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68
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Hardman C, Ruddock H, Dallas R, Scott J, Rogers P, Robinson E. Food addiction, myth or reality? The effects of priming beliefs about food addiction on self-diagnosis and consumption. Appetite 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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69
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Sharps M, Halford J, Boyland E, Field M, Robinson E. How do social norms influence children's food choices? Appetite 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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70
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Robinson E. I'm watching you. Why we might need to lie more to participants in eating behaviour experiments. Appetite 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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71
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Robinson E, Nolan S, Tudur-Smith C, Boyland EJ, Harrold JA, Hardman CA, Halford JCG. Will smaller plates lead to smaller waists? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect that experimental manipulation of dishware size has on energy consumption. Obes Rev 2014; 15:812-21. [PMID: 25040672 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that providing consumers with smaller dishware may prove an effective way of helping people eat less and preventing weight gain, but experimental evidence supporting this has been mixed. The objective of the present work was to examine the current evidence base for whether experimentally manipulated differences in dishware size influence food consumption. We systematically reviewed studies that experimentally manipulated the dishware size participants served themselves at a meal with and measured subsequent food intake. We used inverse variance meta-analysis, calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) in food intake between smaller and larger dishware size conditions. Nine experiments from eight publications were eligible for inclusion. The majority of experiments found no significance difference in food intake when participants ate from smaller vs. larger dishware. With all available data included, analysis indicated a marginal effect of dishware size on food intake, with larger dishware size associated with greater intake. However, this effect was small and there was a large amount of heterogeneity across studies (SMD: -0.18, 95% confidence interval: -0.35, 0.00, I(2) = 77%). Evidence to date does not show that dishware size has a consistent effect on food intake, so recommendations surrounding the use of smaller plates/dishware to improve public health may be premature.
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Parsons TM, Satchithananda K, Berbe R, Siddiqui IA, Robinson E, Hart AJ. [MRI investigations in patients with problems due to metal-on-metal implants]. DER ORTHOPADE 2014; 42:629-36. [PMID: 23912305 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-012-2036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implants were commonly used for joint replacement and resurfacings. Their use has rapidly declined following reports of Frühversagen and soft tissue disease caused by the release of metal debris from the prosthesis. Detection of these soft tissue lesions has proven difficult using conventional imaging techniques and blood metal ion tests. Current guidelines recommend the use of imaging modalities including metal artefact reduction sequence (MARS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography and ultrasound but provide little indication which is best. MARS significantly reduces the susceptibility artefact induced by the presence of metal objects, thereby producing diagnostic quality images that can be shared with other physicians and compared over time. The clinical interpretation of MRI findings of solid pseudotumours and severe muscle atrophy is straightforward: revision is usually recommended. However, the most common MRI findings are of a cystic pseudotumour and minor muscle wasting. In these cases decision-making is difficult and we currently use multi-disciplinary and multi-colleague based meetings to make decisions regarding patient management. This article presents a comparison of imaging modalities and an update on the interpretation of MARS MRI for the investigation of patients with MoM hip implants.The English full-text version of this article is available at Springer Link (under "Supplemental").
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73
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Killebrew K, Robinson E. The GPS Strategy: A Tool Kit to Find Your Voice as a Leader. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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74
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Adisesh A, Robinson E, Nicholson PJ, Sen D, Wilkinson M. U.K. standards of care for occupational contact dermatitis and occupational contact urticaria. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:1167-75. [PMID: 23374107 PMCID: PMC3734701 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) and occupational contact urticaria (OCU) is a process that involves fastidious clinical and occupational history taking, clinical examination, patch testing and skin-prick testing. A temporal relationship of work and/or the presence of a rash on the hands only raises suspicion of an occupational cause, and does not necessarily confirm an occupational causation. The identification of allergy by patch or prick tests is a major objective, as exclusion of an offending allergen from the environment can contribute to clinical recovery in the individual worker and avoidance of new cases of disease. This can be a complex process where allergens and irritants, and therefore allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, may coexist. This article provides guidance to healthcare professionals dealing with workers exposed to agents that potentially cause OCD and OCU. Specifically it aims to summarize the 2010 British Occupational Health Research Foundation (BOHRF) systematic review, and also to help practitioners translate the BOHRF guideline into clinical practice. As such, it aims to be of value to physicians and nurses based in primary and secondary care, as well as occupational health and public health clinicians. It is hoped that it will also be of value to employers, interested workers and those with responsibility for workplace standards, such as health and safety representatives. Note that it is not intended, nor should it be taken to imply, that these standards of care override existing statutory and legal obligations. Duties under the U.K. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002, the Equality Act 2010 and other relevant legislation and guidance must be given due consideration, as should laws relevant to other countries.
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Pandit AS, Robinson E, Aljabar P, Ball G, Gousias IS, Wang Z, Hajnal JV, Rueckert D, Counsell SJ, Montana G, Edwards AD. Whole-brain mapping of structural connectivity in infants reveals altered connection strength associated with growth and preterm birth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:2324-33. [PMID: 23547135 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral white-matter injury is common in preterm-born infants and is associated with neurocognitive impairments. Identifying the pattern of connectivity changes in the brain following premature birth may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the neurobiology underlying these impairments. Here, we characterize whole-brain, macrostructural connectivity following preterm delivery and explore the influence of age and prematurity using a data-driven, nonsubjective analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data. T1- and T2-weighted and -diffusion MRI were obtained between 11 and 31 months postconceptional age in 49 infants, born between 25 and 35 weeks postconception. An optimized processing pipeline, combining anatomical, and tissue segmentations with probabilistic diffusion tractography, was used to map mean tract anisotropy. White-matter tracts where connection strength was related to age of delivery or imaging were identified using sparse-penalized regression and stability selection. Older children had stronger connections in tracts predominantly involving frontal lobe structures. Increasing prematurity at birth was related to widespread reductions in connection strength in tracts involving all cortical lobes and several subcortical structures. This nonsubjective approach to mapping whole-brain connectivity detected hypothesized changes in the strength of intracerebral connections during development and widespread reductions in connectivity strength associated with premature birth.
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