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Takada M, Murakami M, Ohnuma S, Shibata Y, Yasutaka T. Public Attitudes toward the Final Disposal of Radioactively Contaminated Soil Resulting from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident. Environ Manage 2024; 73:962-972. [PMID: 38305854 PMCID: PMC11023960 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Radioactively contaminated soil from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident in 2011 is required by law to be finally disposed of outside Fukushima Prefecture by 2045. To gain public acceptance of this policy, it is essential to promote understanding and nationwide discussion. We conducted a web-based survey of 2000 people in Japan to examine public attitudes toward final disposal of the contaminated soil outside Fukushima Prefecture. Results show that policy approval was negatively correlated with perceived risk of a final disposal site, sense of inequity associated with building a final disposal site near residential areas, and values that are absolutely non-negotiable or protected from trade-offs with other values (protected values). Policy approval was positively correlated with high levels of interest in the Fukushima accident and subjective knowledge of decontamination and the policy. Respondents' comments and opinions about the policy indicated that respondents who approved of the policy accepted burden sharing, while those who disapproved were unconvinced by the rationale behind disposal outside Fukushima Prefecture and were dissatisfied by the lack of information disclosure and transparency. While the government's efforts to disseminate information about the current status and future of Fukushima have been effective to a certain extent, they are insufficient to achieve widespread public understanding of the policy. Our results indicate that attention needs to be paid to procedural fairness and explanations of risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momo Takada
- Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Michio Murakami
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohnuma
- Department of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Humanity and Human Sciences / Center for Experimental Research in Social Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Shibata
- Faculty of Humanity and Human Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasutaka
- Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Low S, Fritz L, Baum CM, Sovacool BK. Public perceptions on carbon removal from focus groups in 22 countries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3453. [PMID: 38658623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon removal is emerging as a pillar of governmental and industry commitments toward achieving Net Zero targets. Drawing from 44 focus groups in 22 countries, we map technical and societal issues that a representative sample of publics raise on five major types of carbon removal (forests, soils, direct air capture, enhanced weathering, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage), and how these translate to preferences for governance actors, mechanisms, and rationales. We assess gaps and overlaps between a global range of public perceptions and how carbon removal is currently emerging in assessment, innovation, and decision-making. In conclusion, we outline key societal expectations for informing assessment and policy: prioritize public engagement as more than acceptance research; scrutiny and regulation of industry beyond incentivizing innovation; systemic coordination across sectors, levels, and borders; and prioritize underlying causes of climate change and interrelated governance issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Low
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
| | - Livia Fritz
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Chad M Baum
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Benjamin K Sovacool
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University, Birk Centerpark 15, 7400, Herning, Denmark
- Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex Business School, Jubilee Building, Arts Rd, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9SL, UK
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Cao K, Gao X, Zheng W, Zhai K, Zheng J. Towards a better psychological satisfaction: developing a mixed multi-criteria evaluation system to urban 'Not in my back yard' facilities siting. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:206. [PMID: 38622614 PMCID: PMC11017667 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
'Not in My Back Yard (NIMBY)' facilities are psychologically sensitive to urban and regional development. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method has been widely used for the decision-making of optimum siting of urban NIMBY facilities which aim to improve residents' psychological satisfaction. However, the evaluation of qualitative criteria in siting analysis remains under researched, such as the insufficient focus on urban and regional spatial development, social public opinion, and psychological factors. Thus, the effective improvement of MCE method through an interdisciplinary view can optimise the decision process and advance the factor assessment system of siting, which helps to supplement qualitative criteria evaluation. The specific improvement steps are as follows. The first step is to introduce the mixed MCE method to improve the qualitative criteria evaluation method by pre-processing qualitative criteria with min-max standardisation and normalization. This process transfers all negative factors to positive ones and transforms the F function to linear functions. The second step is to optimise the existing two-phase siting decision-making including the feasibility evaluation phase and the MCE phase. The third step is to propose a modular criteria system composed of urban and regional spatial planning, social psychological factors and the corresponding improvement strategy of this system from three perspectives of composition, measure, and weight. We argue that the improved method could be broadly applied to optimum siting decision of urban NIMBY facilities and enhance the psychological satisfaction of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cao
- Department of Regional and Urban Planning, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Regional and Urban Planning, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Keyu Zhai
- School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiacheng Zheng
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Su X, Wang S. The impact and management of internet-based public opinion dissemination during emergencies: A case study of Baidu News during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299374. [PMID: 38573976 PMCID: PMC10994342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency has had a huge impact worldwide. We analyzed news headlines and keywords from the initial period of COVID-19, and explored the dissemination timeline of news related to the epidemic, and the impact of Internet-based media on the public using lifecycle theory and agenda-setting theory. We aimed to explore the impact of Baidu news headlines on public attention during the first wave of COVID-19, as well as the management mechanism of regulatory departments for social public opinion. METHODS We searched Baidu News using the keywords "Novel Coronavirus" and "COVID-19" from 8 January to 21 February 2020, a total of 45 days, and used Python V3.6 to extract news samples during the first wave of the epidemic. We used text analysis software to structurally process captured news topics and content summaries, applied VOSviewer V6.19 and Ucinet V6.0 to examine key aspects of the data. RESULTS We analyzed the impact of Baidu News headlines on social opinion during the first wave of COVID-19 in the budding, spread, and outbreak stage of the information lifecycle. From clustering visualization and social network analysis perspectives, we explored the characteristics of Baidu News during the initial stage of the COVID-19. The results indicated that agenda-setting coverage through online media helped to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19. The findings revealed that news reporting generated a high level of public attention toward a specific emergency event. CONCLUSIONS The public requires accurate and objective information on the progress of COVID-19 through Baidu News headlines to inform their planning for the epidemic. Meanwhile, government can enhance the management mechanism of news dissemination, correct false and inaccurate news, and guide public opinion in a positive direction. In addition, timely official announcements on the progress of the COVID-19 outbreak and responses to matters of public concern can help calm tensions and maintain social stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- School of Business Administration, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengwen Wang
- School of Business Administration, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Moussa AM, Abdou S, Elsayed KM, Rashwan M, Asif A, Khatoon S, Alshamari MA. Enhanced Arabic disaster data classification using domain adaptation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301255. [PMID: 38574077 PMCID: PMC10994337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters, like pandemics and earthquakes, are some of the main causes of distress and casualties. Governmental crisis management processes are crucial when dealing with these types of problems. Social media platforms are among the main sources of information regarding current events and public opinion. So, they have been used extensively to aid disaster detection and prevention efforts. Therefore, there is always a need for better automatic systems that can detect and classify disaster data of social media. In this work, we propose enhanced Arabic disaster data classification models. The suggested models utilize domain adaptation to provide state-of-the-art accuracy. We used a standard dataset of Arabic disaster data collected from Twitter for testing the proposed models. Experimental results show that the provided models significantly outperform the previous state-of-the-art results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Moussa
- The Engineering Company for the Development of Digital Systems, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif Abdou
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elsayed
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Amna Asif
- School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaheen Khatoon
- School of Architecture, Computing & Engineering, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Majed A. Alshamari
- College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
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Ambagtsheer F, Bunnik E, Pengel LHM, Reinders MEJ, Elias JJ, Lacetera N, Macis M. Public Opinions on Removing Disincentives and Introducing Incentives for Organ Donation: Proposing a European Research Agenda. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12483. [PMID: 38644936 PMCID: PMC11027084 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The shortage of organs for transplantations is increasing in Europe as well as globally. Many initiatives to the organ shortage, such as opt-out systems for deceased donation and expanding living donation, have been insufficient to meet the rising demand for organs. In recurrent discussions on how to reduce organ shortage, financial incentives and removal of disincentives, have been proposed to stimulate living organ donation and increase the pool of available donor organs. It is important to understand not only the ethical acceptability of (dis)incentives for organ donation, but also its societal acceptance. In this review, we propose a research agenda to help guide future empirical studies on public preferences in Europe towards the removal of disincentives and introduction of incentives for organ donation. We first present a systematic literature review on public opinions concerning (financial) (dis)incentives for organ donation in European countries. Next, we describe the results of a randomized survey experiment conducted in the United States. This experiment is crucial because it suggests that societal support for incentivizing organ donation depends on the specific features and institutional design of the proposed incentive scheme. We conclude by proposing this experiment's framework as a blueprint for European research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Ambagtsheer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline Bunnik
- Department of Medical Ethics, Philosophy and History of Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liset H. M. Pengel
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlies EJ Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julio J. Elias
- Department of Economics, School of Business, University of CEMA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mario Macis
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wei J, Jia Y, Tie W, Zhu H, Huang W. Opinion Evolution with Information Quality of Public Person and Mass Acceptance Threshold. Big Data 2024; 12:100-109. [PMID: 37253138 DOI: 10.1089/big.2022.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Public persons are nodes with high attention to public events, and their opinions can directly affect the development on events. However, because of rationality, the followers' acceptance to the public persons' opinions will depend on the information trait on public persons' opinions and own comprehension. To study how different opinions of the public persons guide different followers, we build an opinion dynamics model, which would provide a theoretical method for public opinion management. Based on the classical bounded confidence model, we extract the information quality variables and individual trust threshold and introduce them to construct our two-stage opinion evolution model. And then in the simulation experiments, we analyze the different effects of opinion information quality, opinion release time, and frequency on public opinion by adjusting the different parameters. Finally, we added a case to compare real data, the data from classical model simulation and the data from improved model simulation to verify the effectiveness on our model. The research found that the more sufficient the argument and the more moderate the attitude, the more likely to guide the public opinion. If public person holds different opinions and different information quality, he should choose different time to present his opinion to achieve ideal guide effect. When public person holds neutral opinion and the information quality is relatively general, he/she can intervene in public opinion as soon as possible to control final public opinion; when public person holds extreme opinion and the information quality is relatively high, he/she can choose to express opinion after a certain period on public opinion evolution, which is conducive to improve the guidance effect on public opinion. The frequency of releasing opinions of public person consistently has a positive impact on the final public opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science Key Research Base-Information Industry Integration Innovation and Emergency Management Research Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuguang Jia
- Department of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanyi Tie
- Department of Japanese Culture and Economics, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hengmin Zhu
- Department of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
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Nielsen W, Strand V, Simon LS, Parodis I, Kim AHJ, Desai M, Enman Y, Wallace D, Chaichian Y, Navarra S, Aranow C, MacKay M, Trotter K, Tayer-Shifman OE, Duarte-Garcia A, Shan Tam L, Ugarte-Gil MF, PonsEstel GJ, Reynolds JA, Nikpour M, Hoi A, Romero-Diaz J, Papachristos D, Aggarwal A, Mok CC, Fujio K, Ramsey-Goldman R, Howe A, Kia BN, Bonilla D, Thumboo J, Mosca M, Aringer M, Johnson SR, Drucker AM, Morand E, Bruce I, Touma Z. OMERACT 2023 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Special Interest Group: Winnowing and Binning Preliminary Candidate Domains for the Core Outcome Set. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 65:152380. [PMID: 38281467 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Working Group held a Special Interest Group (SIG) at the OMERACT 2023 conference in Colorado Springs where SLE collaborators reviewed domain sub-themes generated through qualitative research and literature review. OBJECTIVE The objective of the SIG and the subsequent meetings of the SLE Working Group was to begin the winnowing and binning of candidate domain sub-themes into a preliminary list of candidate domains that will proceed to the consensus Delphi exercise for the SLE COS. METHODS Four breakout groups at the SLE SIG in Colorado Springs winnowed and binned 132 domain sub-themes into candidate domains, which was continued with a series of virtual meetings by an advisory group of SLE patient research partners (PRPs), members of the OMERACT SLE Working Group Steering Committee, and other collaborators. RESULTS The 132 domain sub-themes were reduced to a preliminary list of 20 candidate domains based on their clinical and research relevance for clinical trials and research studies. CONCLUSION A meaningful and substantial winnowing and binning of candidate domains for the SLE COS was achieved resulting in a preliminary list of 20 candidate domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wils Nielsen
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vibeke Strand
- Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;; Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alfred H J Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maya Desai
- Faculty of Design, OCAD University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne Enman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;; Swedish Rheumatism Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yashaar Chaichian
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Navarra
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Meggan MacKay
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Kimberly Trotter
- Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Oshrat E Tayer-Shifman
- Rheumatology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Lai Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manuel F Ugarte-Gil
- Grupo Peruano de Estudio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas. Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Rheumatology Department. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
| | - Guillermo J PonsEstel
- Grupo Oroño - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mandana Nikpour
- The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alberta Hoi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aaron Howe
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi Kia
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Dennisse Bonilla
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Marta Mosca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin Aringer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sindhu R Johnson
- Toronto Western Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron M Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Women's College Hospital
| | - Eric Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahi Touma
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Luque V, Crespo-Escobar P, Hård Af Segerstad EM, Koltai T, Norsa L, Roman E, Vreugdenhil A, Fueyo-Díaz R, Ribes-Koninckx C. Gluten-free diet for pediatric patients with coeliac disease: A position paper from the ESPGHAN gastroenterology committee, special interest group in coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:973-995. [PMID: 38291739 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Coeliac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder for which the only treatment consists of lifelong strict adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the GFD dietary management of coeliac disease. This position paper, led by the Special Interest Group in coeliac disease of the European Society of Pediatric, Gastroenterology Hepatology, and Nutrition, supported by the Nutrition Committee and the Allied Health Professionals Committee, aims to present evidence-based recommendations on the GFD as well as how to support dietary adherence. METHODS A wide literature search was performed using the MeSH Terms: "diet, gluten free," "gluten-free diet," "diets, gluten-free," "gluten free diet," and "coeliac disease" in Pubmed until November 8th, 2022. RESULTS The manuscript provides an overview of the definition of the GFD, regulations as basis to define the term "gluten-free," which foods are naturally gluten-free and gluten-containing. Moreover, it provides recommendations and educational tips and infographics on suitable food substitutes, the importance of reading food labels, risk of gluten cross-contact at home and in public settings, nutritional considerations as well as factors associated to dietary adherence based on available evidence, or otherwise clinical expertise. CONCLUSIONS This position paper provides guidance and recommendations to support children with coeliac disease to safely adhere to a GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Luque
- Serra Húnter, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Paediatric Nutrition and Development Research Unit, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Paula Crespo-Escobar
- Health Sciences Department, ADVISE Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
- Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Hospital Recoletas Campo Grande, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elin M Hård Af Segerstad
- Paediatric Department, Skane University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Celiac Disease and Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - Tunde Koltai
- Direction Board, Association of European Coeliac Societies, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Enriqueta Roman
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Anita Vreugdenhil
- Department of Pediatrics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Fueyo-Díaz
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Aragonese Primary Care Research Group (GAIAP, B21_20R), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Ribes-Koninckx
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, La Fe University Hospital & La Fe Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Sánchez de Ribera O, Christensen LS, Trajtenberg N, Hudson K. Public Perceptions Toward Community Management Policies for Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:1248-1264. [PMID: 37199477 PMCID: PMC10913335 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231174695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Community management policies for individuals convicted of sexual offenses (ICSO) are controversial, mainly because the effectiveness of these policies in reducing recidivism is limited and appear to have some collateral effects. Despite this, the current meta-analysis found the public highly support these policies. Studies examining public perceptions regarding community management policies for ICSO to understand levels of support, misconceptions about the policies, and factors affecting the views of the public were reviewed. After searching 7 electronic databases, 43 studies, both quantitative and qualitative, were included in the systematic review and 31 in the meta-analysis. Studies could be longitudinal or cross-sectional, needed to include public attitudes, opinions, and perceptions about ICSO community management policies and could include standardized or non-standardized measures, indirect assessments of attitudes, along with interviews and focus groups. Results suggest that overall, policies were supported by 76% of the public, 61% believed in their effectiveness, and 63% felt safer because of the policies. However, only 36% accessed the registry, 38% took preventive actions, and 40% were aware/concerned about the collateral consequences. All analyses yielded high levels of heterogeneity. Misconceptions about policies and ICSO were moderate. Finally, 36 studies explored factors that affected the public's attitudes and perceptions of policies with a variety of significant associations and predictors. The findings provide comprehensive evidence that while these policies are supported by the public, the public have less belief in the effectiveness of them in protecting children and reducing recidivism. Implications for public policy and future research are discussed.
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11
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Hsu HY, Wang T. Opposite effects of RWA and SDO on war support: Chinese public opinion toward Russia's war in Ukraine. Br J Soc Psychol 2024; 63:839-856. [PMID: 38112203 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has identified the combined effects of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) on individuals' militant attitudes. Much of the existing studies have been conducted in the United States and Europe, where political cleavage is drawn between liberalism and conservatism and where RWA and SDO are aligned with conservatism. In this article, we argue that in a different ideological backdrop where RWA and SDO are not bound by conservative ideology, their influence on war support varies. We use the case study of China, in which socialist ideology upholds authoritarianism but opposes social dominance. We hypothesize that in a war in which the state acquiesces, regime loyalists high on RWA and low on SDO tend to back the war, while regime critics low on RWA and high on SDO are less supportive. Using longitudinal data with a nationwide online sample (Time 1: N = 1000, Time 2: N = 500) collected during the war in Ukraine, we confirmed the opposite effects of RWA (measured by the traditionalism subscale) and SDO (measured by the dominance subscale) on war support. The findings extend our understanding of the impacts of authoritarianism and social dominance in a context beyond the United States and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Hsu
- School of Social Development, East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Politics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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12
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Edwards A, Masser B. "Okay, I respect this publicity stunt." A snapshot of public perceptions of an online game-based blood donation campaign. Transfusion 2024; 64:585-589. [PMID: 38501236 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a decrease in young and first-time donors, applying gaming elements to blood donation may provide a novel means of encouraging young donors. In August 2023, the online game DiabloIV launched the Blood Harvest in which players were encouraged to donate blood products in the United States to receive virtual in-game rewards. Given the novelty of this independent initiative, our aim was to capture Diablov IV players opinions of the Blood Harvest through thematically analyzing their online discourse related to this blood donation campaign. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We captured publicly available Twitter/X posts (n = 78) and engagement (n = 390) relevant to the Blood Harvest posted during and immediately after the campaign (October 13, 2023-November 27, 2023). RESULTS Using thematic analysis, we identified 5 themes relating to the Blood Harvest campaign: (1) Positive perceptions and community motivations to donate, (2) Negative perceptions of the initiative and online game, (3) Players' inability to donate and participate in the initiative, (4) Incentives and incentive comparisons, and (5) Benefiting from positive associations focusing on the reputational gain that may be accessed through promoting blood donation. DISCUSSION Situating a donation campaign in an established video game provides a novel opportunity to engage young donors. Through capturing public data, we provide a unique snapshot of how an online gaming community perceives and reacts to an independently initiated game-integrated blood donation campaign. This highlights key strengths of the approach as well as identifying potential risks for blood collection agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Edwards
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Olmedo C, Veiga E, Sánchez L, Ferrer E, Ortiz N, Mauri A, Fernández M, Martínez L, López-Regalado ML, Iglesias M. ASEBIR Quality Special Interest Group guidance for quality in assisted reproduction technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103730. [PMID: 38368763 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Assisted human reproduction has undergone rapid advances since its inception 45 years ago. To keep pace with these advances, assisted reproduction laboratories should adhere to a quality management system that addresses staffing and training, physical space and air quality, equipment maintenance and other operational matters, and ensures gamete and embryo handling in accordance with the latest quality and safety standards. Accordingly, this review aims to provide a reference document that highlights the critical aspects to consider when establishing and operating an ART laboratory. The review collates and expands upon published national and international guidelines and consensus documents, providing easier access to this large body of important information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Olmedo
- Unidad de Medicina Reproductiva, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ernesto Veiga
- Laboratorio Central/Unidad de Reproducción Humana Asistida, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Unidad de Reproducción Asistida, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Empar Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Embriología, Centro Médico de Reproducción Asistida (CREA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nereida Ortiz
- Unidad de Reproducción, Hospital Universitario Torrejón de Ardóz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Mauri
- Laboratorio de Embriología, Procrear, Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Laboratorio de Embriología, Clínica Ergo, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez
- Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zrubka Z, Champion A, Holtorf AP, Di Bidino R, Earla JR, Boltyenkov AT, Tabata-Kelly M, Asche C, Burrell A. The PICOTS-ComTeC Framework for Defining Digital Health Interventions: An ISPOR Special Interest Group Report. Value Health 2024; 27:383-396. [PMID: 38569772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Digital health definitions are abundant, but often lack clarity and precision. We aimed to develop a minimum information framework to define patient-facing digital health interventions (DHIs) for outcomes research. METHODS Definitions of digital-health-related terms (DHTs) were systematically reviewed, followed by a content analysis using frameworks, including PICOTS (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, and setting), Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Measures, and the World Health Organization's Classification of Digital Health Interventions. Subsequently, we conducted an online Delphi study to establish a minimum information framework, which was pilot tested by 5 experts using hypothetical examples. RESULTS After screening 2610 records and 545 full-text articles, we identified 101 unique definitions of 67 secondary DHTs in 76 articles, resulting in 95 different patterns of concepts among the definitions. World Health Organization system (84.5%), message (75.7%), intervention (58.3%), and technology (52.4%) were the most frequently covered concepts. For the Delphi survey, we invited 47 members of the ISPOR Digital Health Special Interest Group, 18 of whom became the Delphi panel. The first, second, and third survey rounds were completed by 18, 11, and 10 respondents, respectively. After consolidating results, the PICOTS-ComTeC acronym emerged, involving 9 domains (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, setting, communication, technology, and context) and 32 optional subcategories. CONCLUSIONS Patient-facing DHIs can be specified using PICOTS-ComTeC that facilitates identification of appropriate interventions and comparators for a given decision. PICOTS-ComTeC is a flexible and versatile tool, intended to assist authors in designing and reporting primary studies and evidence syntheses, yielding actionable results for clinicians and other decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Zrubka
- Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Rossella Di Bidino
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; The Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Masami Tabata-Kelly
- The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Carl Asche
- Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt-Lake City, UT, USA
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15
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Haeder SF, Marthey D, Skinner D. US public opinion about reproductive health care in school-based health centers. Contraception 2024; 132:110374. [PMID: 38244833 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2024.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine public support for the provision of seven reproductive health services in school-based health centers, including pregnancy testing, over-the-counter contraceptives, prescription (Rx) contraceptives, sexually transmitted disease testing, sexually transmitted disease treatment, gynecological examinations, sexual violence counseling, and an index measure combining all services. STUDY DESIGN We administered a large national online survey (N = 4196, response rate 31%) of US adults using Lucid, a large, internet-based, opt-in panel to assess public attitudes about offering sexual and reproductive health services in school-based health centers. We then used t tests and weighted linear regression models to carry out our study objectives. RESULTS Unadjusted analysis revealed that 60% of respondents supported the provision of all reproductive health services (combined) at school-based health centers. Regression analysis based on the index measure suggested that individuals identifying as Trump voters (p-value = 0.00) or conservatives (p-value = 0.00) reported the lowest support, while those identifying as liberal (p-value = 0.00) reported the highest support, controlling for demographic and health characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Respondents overwhelmingly support the provision of reproductive health services at school-based health centers, including pregnancy testing, over-the-counter contraceptives, prescription contraceptives, testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections, and sexual violence counseling. IMPLICATIONS Adolescence is an important stage for sexual maturation, and access to appropriate sexual and reproductive health services can support healthy development into adulthood. Findings suggest that most respondents support the provision of reproductive health services at school-based health centers while there are important factors that influence public support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Haeder
- Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Daniel Marthey
- Department of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dublin, OH, United States
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16
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Shan C, Pandyaswargo AH, Ogawa A, Tsubouchi R, Onoda H. Japanese public perceptions on smart bin potential to support PAYT systems. Waste Manag 2024; 177:278-288. [PMID: 38354635 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Smart bins can increase transparency and accuracy in monitoring waste characteristics such as weight, volume, and disposal times. This information can aid in enforcing waste reduction policies, including the pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) system. However, the public's response to this technology remains uncertain. Despite Japan's reputation for high waste separation compliance and collection rates, it has one of the world's highest per capita rates of plastic and packaging waste generation. This study surveyed 1000 Japanese individuals regarding their perception of smart bin features and their potential to encourage waste reductions. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to explore the relationships between respondents' social attributes and their responses. The findings indicate a slightly higher responses from younger respondents (above 85 % of those age 10-29 compared to around 75 % of those aged 60 and older) who were in favour of smart bin technology functions such as unscheduled waste pick up and automatized waste separation. On the other hand, there was a strong unwillingness (0.57 count ratio) to reduce plastic waste even if a smart bin assisted PAYT is introduced from those who did not engage in waste separation and cleaning in the first place. Finally, an open-ended question about strategies to reduce plastic waste resulted in a large portion of mindset change ideas (24.8 % of the female respondents) and technology innovations proposals (24 % of male respondents). Although development of a smart-bin prototype is taking place, behavioral change strategies to foster a willingness to reduce waste must take place along with technological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxia Shan
- Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo
- Environmental Research Institute, Waseda University, 1-104 Totsukamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Ogawa
- Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Ryota Tsubouchi
- Daiei Kankyo Research Institute Co., Ltd., H1O Kanda, Kanda Higashimatsushitacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0042, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Onoda
- Graduate School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan.
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17
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Rimner A, Ahmad U, Lobaugh SM, Zhang Z, Shepherd AF, Huang J, Antonicelli A, Girard N, Moser B, Filosso P, Lucchi M, Marom EM, Roden A, Detterbeck F, Ruffini E, Simone CB. Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Thymic Carcinoma: An Analysis of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:626-635. [PMID: 38070599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION R0 resection and radiation therapy have been associated with improved overall survival (OS) in patients with thymic carcinoma (TC). Here, we analyzed which subgroups of patients derive the greatest benefit from postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). METHODS Clinical, pathologic, treatment, and survival information of 462 patients with TC from the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database were analyzed. Variables included age, sex, continent of treatment, paraneoplastic syndrome, carcinoma subtype, tumor size, pathologic Masaoka stage, resection status, and use of chemotherapy. OS was the primary end point using the Kaplan-Meier method. Time to recurrence (TTR) was the secondary end point using a competing risk analysis. A 3-month landmark analysis was performed. RESULTS PORT was associated with a significant OS benefit (5-y OS 68% versus 53%, p = 0.002). In patients with R0 resection, PORT was associated with increased OS for advanced (stages III-IV, p = 0.04), but not early (stages I-II, p = 0.14) stage TC. In patients with an R1/2 resection of advanced-stage TC, PORT was associated with significantly longer OS (5-y OS 53% versus 38%; p < 0.001). Subset analyses did not reveal clear associations of PORT with TTR. On multivariable analysis, lower pathologic stage, PORT, and R0 resection status were associated with an OS benefit, whereas only higher age and lower pathologic stage had an association with longer TTR. CONCLUSIONS In the largest individual patient data set on patients with TC reported to date, PORT was associated with a meaningful OS benefit in patients with advanced-stage TC after an R0 or R1/2 resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rimner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Usman Ahmad
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephanie M Lobaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Annemarie F Shepherd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alberto Antonicelli
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marco Lucchi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Cardiac and Thoracic Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edith M Marom
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anja Roden
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank Detterbeck
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Enrico Ruffini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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18
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Brodie ZP, Shirlaw K, Hand CJ. The Impact of Mental Illness and Intellectual Disability Information on General Public Perceptions of a Person Convicted of a Child Sex Offence. Sex Abuse 2024; 36:292-319. [PMID: 36809111 DOI: 10.1177/10790632231159072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A person convicted of sex offences (PCSO) is confronted with several challenges upon re-entry to the community, often facing difficulties accessing housing and employment, and experiencing stigmatisation, hostility and harassment from community members. Given the importance of community support for successful reintegration, we examined differences in public (N = 117) attitudes toward a PCSO against a child (PCSO-C) with mental illness or intellectual disability compared to a neurotypical PCSO-C in an online survey. At present, differences in attitudes towards these groups has not been explored. Results indicated the PCSO-Cs with intellectual disability or mental illness were seen to pose less risk of sexual reoffending and prompted higher levels of reintegration comfort than the neurotypical PCSO-C. Participants' prior personal exposure to mental illness or intellectual disability was unrelated to attitudes, but those who believed that PCSOs in general have a low capacity for change attributed greater risk of sexual reoffending, greater risk of future harm to children, higher levels of blame and lower reintegration comfort, regardless of MI and ID information. Female participants also perceived greater risk of future harm to adults, and older participants estimated higher risk of sexual reoffending than younger participants. Findings have implications for community acceptance of PCSO-Cs and jury decision-making processes and highlight the importance of public education regarding neurodiverse PCSO-Cs and PCSO capacity for change to encourage knowledge-based judgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara P Brodie
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirsty Shirlaw
- Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Lee S, Goldberg MH, Rosenthal SA, Maibach EW, Kotcher JE, Leiserowitz A. Climate change belief systems across political groups in the United States. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300048. [PMID: 38507396 PMCID: PMC10954181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Beliefs and attitudes form the core of public opinion about climate change. Network analysis can reveal the structural configuration of these beliefs and attitudes. In this research, we utilize a belief system framework to identify key psychological elements, track change in the density of these belief systems over time and across political groups, and analyze the structural heterogeneity of belief systems within and between political groups in the United States. Drawing on fifteen waves of nationally representative survey data from 2010 to 2021 (N = 16,742), our findings indicate that worry about climate change is the most central psychological element. Interestingly, we find that among politically unaffiliated individuals, the connections between psychological elements have strengthened over time, implying an increase in the consistency of belief systems within this group. Despite the political polarization in beliefs about climate change between Republicans and Democrats, our findings reveal that the ways these two groups organize and structure climate change beliefs systems are not markedly different compared to those of other groups. These findings provide theoretical and practical insights for climate change experts and communicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanguk Lee
- Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Goldberg
- Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Seth A. Rosenthal
- Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Edward W. Maibach
- Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John E. Kotcher
- Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Anthony Leiserowitz
- Yale Program on Climate Change Communication, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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20
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Jiang B, Cui L, Deng X, Chen H, Tang W. Understanding the consumer-citizen gap in Chinese public attitudes toward farm animal welfare. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6426. [PMID: 38494518 PMCID: PMC10944836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals of the general public can perform both consumer and citizen roles in farm animal welfare, and attitudes toward farm animal welfare may differ between these roles. However, scant research is available regarding this distinction, especially in developing countries such as China. The present study aimed to explore consumer-citizen gaps in Chinese public attitudes toward farm animal welfare across three dimensions and across demographic characteristics. A 36-item scale was designed, and completed by 5284 Chinese participants in a large-scale cross-sectional survey. Consumer-citizen gaps in attitudes toward farm animal welfare across three dimensions and demographic characteristics were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and effects of demographic characteristics on attitudes were further explored by linear regression analysis. A significant consumer-citizen gap was found in overall attitudes, although the consumer role was only slightly more positive than the citizen role. The consumer-citizen gap is driven by differences in both cognitive attitudes and behavioral attitudes. The gap is most pronounced in cognitive attitudes, where the consumer role is significantly more positive, and smaller in behavioral attitudes, where the citizen role is significantly more positive. The consumer-citizen gap varies significantly among different demographic groups, including gender, age, education, monthly household income, area of residence, and occupation. Additionally, education, monthly household income, and area of residence have significant effects on attitudes in the dual role, whereas gender only affect consumer-role attitudes significantly. The findings provide evidence that consumer-citizen gaps in Chinese public attitudes toward farm animal welfare exist, and this distinction is mainly determined by demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600#, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
- Development Research Center of Modern Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lihang Cui
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600#, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoshang Deng
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600#, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600#, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- College of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600#, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
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21
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Liu AH, Hootman J, Li D, Xie Z. Public perceptions of synthetic cooling agents in electronic cigarettes on Twitter. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292412. [PMID: 38470869 PMCID: PMC10931480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amid a potential menthol ban, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) companies are incorporating synthetic cooling agents like WS-3 and WS-23 to replicate menthol/mint sensations. This study examines public views on synthetic cooling agents in e-cigarettes via Twitter data. From May 2021 to March 2023, we used Twitter Streaming Application Programming Interface (API), to collect tweets related to synthetic cooling agents with keywords such as 'WS-23,' 'ice,' and 'frozen.' The deep learning RoBERTa (Robustly Optimized BERT-Pretraining Approach) model that can be optimized for contextual language understanding was used to classify attitudes expressed in tweets about synthetic cooling agents and identify e-cigarette users. The BERTopic (a topic modeling technique that leverages Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) deep-learning model, specializing in extracting and clustering topics from large texts, identified major topics of positive and negative tweets. Two proportion Z-tests were used to compare the proportions of positive and negative attitudes between e-cigarette users (vapers) and non-e-cigarette-users (non-vapers). Of 6,940,065 e-cigarettes-related tweets, 5,788 were non-commercial tweets related to synthetic cooling agents. The longitudinal trend analysis showed a clear upward trend in discussions. Vapers posted most of the tweets (73.05%, 4,228/5,788). Nearly half (47.87%, 2,771/5,788) held a positive attitude toward synthetic cooling agents, which is significantly higher than those with a negative attitude (19.92%,1,153/5,788) with a P-value < 0.0001. The likelihood of vapers expressing positive attitudes (60.17%, 2,544/4,228) was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of non-vapers (14.55%, 227/1,560). Conversely, negative attitudes from non-vapers (30%, 468/1,560) were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than vapers (16.2%, 685/4,228). Prevalent topics from positive tweets included "enjoyment of specific vape flavors," "preference for lush ice vapes," and "liking of minty/icy feelings." Major topics from negative tweets included "disliking certain vape flavors" and "dislike of others vaping around them." On Twitter, vapers are more likely to have a positive attitude toward synthetic cooling agents than non-vapers. Our study provides important insights into how the public perceives synthetic cooling agents in e-cigarettes. These insights are crucial for shaping future U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations aimed at safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julia Hootman
- Department of Computer Science, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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22
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Levendusky M, Patterson S, Margolis M, Pasek J, Winneg K, Jamieson KH. Has the Supreme Court become just another political branch? Public perceptions of court approval and legitimacy in a post- Dobbs world. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk9590. [PMID: 38457495 PMCID: PMC10923515 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Have perceptions of the U.S. Supreme Court polarized, much like the rest of American politics? Because of the Court's unique role, for many years, it remained one of the few institutions respected by both Democrats and Republicans alike. But the Court's dramatic shift to the right in recent years-highlighted by its Dobbs decision in 2022-potentially upends that logic. Using both eight waves of panel data and 18 nationally representative surveys spanning two decades, we show that while there was little evidence of partisan polarization in earlier years, in 2022 and 2023, such patterns are clear in favorability, trust, legitimacy, and support for reform. Factors that used to protect the Court-like knowledge about it and support for key democratic values-no longer do so. The Court has also become more important to voters, and will likely remain a political flashpoint, with disquieting implications for the Court's place in our polity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Levendusky
- Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shawn Patterson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michele Margolis
- Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Josh Pasek
- Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kenneth Winneg
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen H. Jamieson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Jafar A, Dollah R, Sakke N, Mapa MT, Atang C, Joko EP, Sarjono F, Zakaria NS, George F, Vun Hung C. Public Perception Toward the Malaysian National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme (PICK) in the State of Sabah, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e43. [PMID: 38450457 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Malaysian Government has initiated the National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme, known as PICK, to be a national strategy for addressing the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic across the country. Although the government intensified public awareness to increase program registration, the total number that registered in the state of Sabah, located in East Malaysia, was relatively low during August 2021, accounting for only 42.9% as compared to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, this paper examines the public perception toward the PICK program in Sabah based on 4 main components: safety, communication, psychology, and milieu. This study is based on the empirical findings drawn from 1024 respondents across Sabah using online Google Form surveys. This study adopts 5 methodologies for data analysis by using K-means clustering, mean score, Mann-Whitney U test, spatial analysis, and frequency analysis. It has been revealed that the percentage of respondents (categorized as Cluster 1) who have a negative perception toward the vaccination program is higher (55.9%) than those who have a positive perception (44.1%). This study further discovered that Cluster 1 has shown high skepticism regarding the vaccination program, which can be explained through the communication component (M = 3.33, SD = 0.588), especially Co2, Co3, Co1, and Co4. Following the communication factor, a chain of negative perceptions also affects other components such as safety, psychology, and milieu among Cluster 1, all of which contribute to poor participation in the PICK program. The study outcomes are extremely useful for informing local authorities to establish policies related to public interests, primarily in the areas of public health. Understanding the community's perspectives and their obstacles in participating in such programs may assist local authorities in developing or implementing public policies and campaigns that ensure such related public programs can be conducted more effectively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Jafar
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Ramli Dollah
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Nordin Sakke
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Tahir Mapa
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Colonius Atang
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Eko Prayitno Joko
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Fauzie Sarjono
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Noor Syakirah Zakaria
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Fionna George
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
| | - Chong Vun Hung
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, 88400, Malaysia
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24
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Chen P, Jin Y, Ma X, Lin Y. Public perception on active aging after COVID-19: an unsupervised machine learning analysis of 44,343 posts. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1329704. [PMID: 38515596 PMCID: PMC10956692 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1329704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To analyze public perceptions of active aging in China on mainstream social media platforms to determine whether the "14th Five Year Plan for the Development of the Aging Career and Older Adult Care System" issued by the CPC in 2022 has fully addressed public needs. Methods The original tweets posted on Weibo between January 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, containing the words "aging" or "old age" were extracted. A bidirectional encoder representation from transformers (BERT)-based model was used to generate themes related to this perception. A qualitative thematic analysis and an independent review of the theme labels were conducted by the researchers. Results The findings indicate that public perceptions revolved around four themes: (1) health prevention and protection, (2) convenient living environments, (3) cognitive health and social integration, and (4) protecting the rights and interests of the older adult. Discussion Our study found that although the Plan aligns with most of these themes, it lacks clear planning for financial security and marital life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Lin
- School of Foreign Language Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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He XB, Zhou K, Hussain J, Akhtar R. Public perceptions of air pollution and its impacts on fertility desire: a nationwide study in China. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:445-459. [PMID: 38127126 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a significant focus on air pollution due to its various detrimental effects on human health. However, its influence on people's tendency to have children remains uncertain, as only a few studies have examined the correlation between public perception of air pollution and the desire to start a family. This article introduces a theoretical framework utilizing a two-stage interval iteration model to explore the connection between children's relative utility and the perception of air pollution. Data for this study were gathered from the "Chinese General Social Survey" (CGSS 2013). The CGSS 2013 project employed a four-stage stratified random sampling technique and conducted household interviews using questionnaires. The sample covered 28 provincial-level cities across China. The hypothesis was tested using a Probit regression model. The findings indicate that individuals considering air pollution a significant issue are 8.62% less likely to have more than one child. The variation in fertility desire sensitivity to air pollution points to heterogeneity among residents, such as registered residents and those living in various residential areas, as well as individuals with different characteristics like education levels. The study concludes that air quality significantly influences human fertility desire, highlighting the urgent necessity to raise awareness of environmental protection issues among both the public and authorities. In particular, there are two key steps to address this issue. Firstly, the government should establish clear air pollution control objectives and refine policies to enhance governance efficiency. Secondly, there is a need to encourage environmentally friendly behaviours among the public, promote more significant involvement in public environmental matters, and ensure effective oversight of the government's responsibilities in managing air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Bang He
- Southwest Petroleum University, No. 8, Xindu Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Kui Zhou
- School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 55, Guanghuacun Street, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jamal Hussain
- School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 55, Guanghuacun Street, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Department of Economics, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran.
- Department of Economics, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan.
| | - Rizwan Akhtar
- Department of Economics, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
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26
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Link NW, Hyatt JM, Powell K. Public opinion on the expenditure of adult-use cannabis tax revenue: Evidence from New Jersey. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 125:104334. [PMID: 38340482 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe New Jersey residents' relative priorities for the allocation of tax revenue generated by recreational cannabis sales. We aim to assess preferences for public health initiatives, including drug treatment, compared to a range of alternatives, including traditional policing, especially within the social and demographic groupings of people generally most impacted by punitive drug enforcement policies. METHODS We collected population-representative survey data four months post-implementation of recreational cannabis sales in New Jersey (N = 1,006). We gauge respondents' top preferences for the allocation of new revenue generated by the legal cannabis market. Using multinomial logistic regression, we assess how various demographic and political factors shape public support for devoting revenue toward public health initiatives. RESULTS While priorities are mixed within the sample, we find more general support for funding community-based initiatives in public health, housing, and education than for funding police, courts, and prisons. Among Black residents, the largest proportion chose investments in affordable housing. Regression analysis reveals political orientation as having the most consistent association with expressed preferences, with Republicans favoring investments in traditional law enforcement priorities over other potential funding domains. CONCLUSIONS Recreational cannabis legalization is occurring at a rapid pace, yet important context, including how the tax revenue could be invested in communities, remains unclear. Insight into current public opinion on funding priorities suggests a desire for investment in fundamental societal institutions, including education and public health, rather than the punitive enforcement mechanisms that have defined cannabis policy for many decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Link
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice and Health Sciences Center. Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, United States; Center for Public Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Jordan M Hyatt
- Department of Criminology and Justice Studies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Public Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Kathleen Powell
- Department of Criminology and Justice Studies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Public Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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27
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Morris RD. How denialist amplification spread COVID misinformation and undermined the credibility of public health science. J Public Health Policy 2024; 45:114-125. [PMID: 38388891 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Denialist scientists played an outsized role in shaping public opinion and determining public health policy during the recent COVID pandemic. From early on, amplification of researchers who denied the threat of COVID shaped public opinion and undermined public health policy. The forces that amplify denialists include (1) Motivated amplifiers seeking to protect their own interests by supporting denialist scientists, (2) Conventional media outlets giving disproportionate time to denialist opinions, (3) Promoters of controversy seeking to gain traction in an 'attention economy,' and (4) Social media creating information silos in which denialists can become the dominant voice. Denialist amplification poses an existential threat to science relevant to public policy. It is incumbent on the scientific community to create a forum to accurately capture the collective perspective of the scientific community related to public health policy that is open to dissenting voices but prevents artificial amplification of denialists.
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28
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Pak C, Simpson KJ, Weston AD, Cvijic ME, Evans K, Napper AD. Perspectives on phenotypic screening-Screen Design and Assay Technology Special Interest Group. SLAS Discov 2024; 29:100146. [PMID: 38311110 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Here we offer perspectives on phenotypic screening based on a wide-ranging discussion entitled "Phenotypic screening, target ID, and multi-omics: enabling more disease relevance in early discovery?" at the Screen Design and Assay Technology Special Interest Group Meeting at the 2023 SLAS Conference. During the session, the authors shared their own experience from within their respective organizations, followed by an open discussion with the audience. It was recognized that while substantial progress has been made towards translating disease-relevant phenotypic early discovery into clinical success, there remain significant operational and scientific challenges to implementing phenotypic screening efforts, and improving translation of screening hits comes with substantial resource demands and organizational commitment. This Perspective assesses progress, highlights pitfalls, and offers possible solutions to help unlock the therapeutic potential of phenotypic drug discovery. Areas explored comprise screening and hit validation strategy, choice of cellular model, moving beyond 2D cell culture into three dimensions, and leveraging high-dimensional data sets downstream of phenotypic screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorom Pak
- Lynx Biosciences, Inc., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mary Ellen Cvijic
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lead Discovery and Optimization, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Kenda Evans
- Agilent Technologies, Automation Solutions Division, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Napper
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lead Discovery and Optimization, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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29
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Brar G, O'Connell H. Evolution and psychiatry: the formation of a special interest group. Ir J Psychol Med 2024; 41:1-3. [PMID: 37340818 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This editorial outlines the formation of a new special interest group (SIG) in evolution and psychiatry. The formative beginnings of the evolutionary psychiatry field and founding of the group in Ireland are presented, identifying central figures of the field and their contributions. Furthermore, key milestones and accomplishments are discussed with current and future directions. Additionally, foundational texts and seminal papers are included to guide the reader in their journey to discover more about evolution and psychiatry. We hope this will be of relevance to those interested in how SIGs form and also to clinicians with an interest in evolutionary psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjot Brar
- Laois Offaly Mental Health Service, Triogue Community Mental Health Centre, Portlaoise, Co. Laois, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Henry O'Connell
- Laois Offaly Mental Health Service, Triogue Community Mental Health Centre, Portlaoise, Co. Laois, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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30
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Ma Y, Mason EM, McGinn EM, Parker J, Oxley JD, St Louis KO. Attitudes toward stuttering of college students in the USA and China: A cross-cultural comparison using the POSHA-S. J Fluency Disord 2024; 79:106037. [PMID: 38301423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2024.106037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the attitudes toward stuttering among college students in China and the USA using the POSHA-S survey, which assesses knowledge about stuttering and attitudes toward it. We investigated how cultural and social differences between the two groups influenced these attitudes. METHODS We collected 199 responses to the POSHA-S survey from various universities in China and the USA. We conducted a statistical analysis of 15 summary scores generated from the POSHA-S to determine if there were significant differences in attitudes toward stuttering between the two groups. Additionally, we retrieved percentile ranks relative to the global POSHA-S database to compare attitudes in both groups with global median scores. RESULTS The study revealed that Chinese college students hold more negative attitudes toward stuttering compared to their American counterparts and the global median scores. We discussed the social and cultural factors that may contribute to these attitudes. Furthermore, our findings emphasized the importance of addressing the lack of accurate information about stuttering in China, which could be a key factor driving these negative attitudes. CONCLUSION These results underscore the urgent need to raise awareness about stuttering and promote a shift in public attitudes, especially among college students in China, who play influential roles in society's future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, CLCB 113, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, United States.
| | - Emmalee M Mason
- Prosser Memorial Hospital, 326 Chardonnay Ave., Prosser, WA 99350, United States
| | - Evynn M McGinn
- Signature Home Health, 454 NE Revere Ave, Bend, OR 97701, United States
| | - Jordan Parker
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Fort Hays State University, 600 Park St., Hays, KS 67601, United States
| | - Judith D Oxley
- Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43170 Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 4382, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
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31
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Sinvani L, Karris M, Young ME, Farrell TW. Tideswell Emerging Leaders in Aging Special Interest Group: Cultivating a growing community of Geriatrics leaders. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:961-964. [PMID: 37929339 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liron Sinvani
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Maile Karris
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, USA
| | - Megan E Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy W Farrell
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- VA Salt Lake City Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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32
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Bamkole O, Huysentruyt K, Watson J, De Mulder N, Katsagoni CN, Chaloutsi D, Kontostavlou M, Pancheva R, Vladimirova I, Gerasimidis K. Clinical performance of the infant nutrition early warning score in routine practice across four international clinical settings in Europe: A study by the ESPGHAN special interest group in clinical malnutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:704-710. [PMID: 38314914 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of nutritional screening tools for use in infants (<1 year). The infant Nutrition Early Warning Score (iNEWS) has been developed to identify infants who need further dietetic review. We introduced the iNEWS into clinical practice and evaluated its performance in Scotland, Belgium, Athens and Bulgaria. Of the 352 infants screened, 72 (20%) were placed in the high iNEWS category, and of these, 70 (97%) were reviewed by a hospital dietitian. iNEWS produced a true positive rate of 80% which increased to 96% after accounting for anticipated misclassified cases due to prematurity. In Belgium, false positive screens had a shorter length of stay (p = 0.014). Otherwise, misclassification was not related to a specific iNEWS component. This study corroborates previous research, underscoring the validity of iNEWS as a dietetic referral tool and demonstrating that it can be integrated into "real-world" clinical practice across international settings with diverse healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowunmi Bamkole
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Koen Huysentruyt
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nele De Mulder
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, KidZ Health Castle, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Despoina Chaloutsi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Rouzha Pancheva
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public health, Medical University Prof Dr Paraskev Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Vladimirova
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public health, Medical University Prof Dr Paraskev Stoyanov, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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33
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Jarab AS, Al-Qerem W, Alzoubi KH, Abu Heshmeh S, Alzoubi ANA, Mukattash TL, Alazab B, Al Hamarneh YN. Public perception, satisfaction and expectations from community pharmacy services and the barriers to consult the community pharmacist. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1627-1637. [PMID: 37431850 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2231364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate public perception, satisfaction, expectations, and barriers to utilize the community pharmacy services. A validated self-reported online survey was distributed on 681 individuals in different regions across Jordan. The mean age of the participants was 29 (±10) years. The most reported reason for choosing a particular community pharmacy was its closure to home or workplace (79.1%), while the main reason for visiting a community pharmacy was to obtain over the counter medications (66.2%). The participants showed good perception, satisfaction, and expectations of community pharmacy services. However, several barriers were identified, including higher participants' trust in physicians when compared to pharmacists (63.1%), and lack of privacy in the pharmacy (45.7%). Community pharmacists should participate in successful education and training programs in order to raise the quality of the provided services, meet patient requirements, and re-establish consumer confidence in community pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan S Jarab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Walid Al-Qerem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shrouq Abu Heshmeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Nor Aldin Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tareq L Mukattash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Badi'ah Alazab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazid N Al Hamarneh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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34
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Hawes M, Werners A. The future of pharmacology education: The Veterinary Educators in Pharmacology Special Interest Group (VEPSIG). Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024; 17:303-304. [PMID: 38314564 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2315309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hawes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arno Werners
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, True Blue Campus, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
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35
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Indrio F, Dinleyici EC, Berni Canani R, Domellöf M, Francavilla R, Guarino A, Gutierrez Castrellon P, Orel R, Salvatore S, Van den Akker CHP, Weizman Z. Prebiotics in the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders: Position paper of the ESPGHAN special interest group on gut microbiota and modifications. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:728-742. [PMID: 38270255 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Prebiotics are substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. Compared to probiotics there are few studies with prebiotics in children. Most studies have been performed using infant formula supplemented with prebiotics, while add-on prebiotic supplementation as prevention or treatment of childhood gastrointestinal disorders has rarely been reported. The aim of this position paper was to summarize evidence and make recommendations for prebiotic supplementation in children with gastrointestinal diseases. Recommendations made are based on publications up to January 1, 2023. Within the scope of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications, as in our previous biotic recommendations, at least two randomized controlled clinical trials were required for recommendation. There are some studies showing benefits of prebiotics on selected outcomes; however, we cannot give any positive recommendations for supplementing prebiotics in children with gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Indrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pediatric Section, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkiye
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Pediatric Section, Children's Hospital 'Giovanni XXIII', University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Paediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pedro Gutierrez Castrellon
- Innovación y Desarrollo de Estrategias en Salud (IDEAS), Mexico City, Mexico
- International Scientific Council for Probiotics A.C., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rok Orel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, University Children's Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, "F. Del Ponte" Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Chris H P Van den Akker
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zvi Weizman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Silva AM, Zaki-Metias KM, Bentley H, Albasha H. Building a Successful Radiology Interest Group: Overview and Key Considerations. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230186. [PMID: 38358938 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Annelise M Silva
- From the Department of Medical Education, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, White Hall 290, Dayton, OH 45324 (A.M.S.); Department of Radiology, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Pontiac, Mich (K.M.Z.M.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.B.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (H.A.)
| | - Kaitlin M Zaki-Metias
- From the Department of Medical Education, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, White Hall 290, Dayton, OH 45324 (A.M.S.); Department of Radiology, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Pontiac, Mich (K.M.Z.M.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.B.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (H.A.)
| | - Helena Bentley
- From the Department of Medical Education, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, White Hall 290, Dayton, OH 45324 (A.M.S.); Department of Radiology, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Pontiac, Mich (K.M.Z.M.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.B.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (H.A.)
| | - Heba Albasha
- From the Department of Medical Education, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, White Hall 290, Dayton, OH 45324 (A.M.S.); Department of Radiology, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital/Wayne State University School of Medicine, Pontiac, Mich (K.M.Z.M.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (H.B.); and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (H.A.)
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Wang C, Wang X, Wang P, Deng Q, Liu Y, Zhang H. Evaluating public opinions: informing public health policy adaptations in China amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5123. [PMID: 38429328 PMCID: PMC10907359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Public concern regarding safety policies serious consequences is anticipated to persist over an extended duration. A study examining a case of rapid public health policy adaptation in China during the COVID-19 epidemic was conducted by gathering public opinion data from major social media platforms. A systematic approach to comprehend public opinion was developed. Five fundamental elements and four dimensions were delineated. An indicator system was established utilizing the K-means text clustering model. Public prediction, expectation, and their evolution underlying public concern were elucidated employing TF-IDF text mining models. The HMM elucidated the way public opinion influences policy adjustments. The findings underscore that public concern regarding enduring events undergoes temporal shifts, mirroring the evolution of public opinion towards policy. Public opinion aroused by both the original event and derived events collaboratively influence policy adjustments. In China, public opinion serves as a mechanism for policy feedback and oversight; notably, negative public sentiment plays a pivotal role in expediting policy transitions. These findings aid in refining policies to mitigate emergencies through a feedback loop, thereby averting the emergence of safety risks such as social unrest prompted by public opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Deng
- Research Institute of Macro-Safety Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Public Order School, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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Hawes M, Werners A. The veterinary educators in pharmacology special interest group: A thriving community of practice. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:154-155. [PMID: 38287489 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hawes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arno Werners
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
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Embry N, Richards A, Amado I, Shau D. Impact of Faculty Mentorship in the Orthopedic Surgery Interest Group at a New Medical School: A Blueprint for Future Initiatives. South Med J 2024; 117:128-134. [PMID: 38428932 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthopedic surgery is a highly competitive field. The residency applicant pool is expected to grow with the increasing number of new medical schools in the United States, posing significant challenges for applicants. This study explored the impact of an engaged faculty mentor in an orthopedic surgery interest group (OSIG) at a new medical school and the impact it has on students. The study aimed to uncover the most valuable features of an OSIG at a new medical school to create a blueprint for other student-leaders and/or faculty in future initiatives. METHODS An observational study was conducted via survey responses from active OSIG members at a new medical school in Texas. Questions were mostly in a "before and after" format asking about students' perspectives of the group before and after the addition of an engaged faculty advisor. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Twenty of 21 (95.2%) eligible OSIG members participated in the study. The survey results revealed that faculty engagement significantly enhanced the OSIG and its members' medical school experience. Following faculty involvement, average OSIG event attendance more than tripled, there was a statistically significant increase in medical student well-being, and confidence in their ability to be a competitive orthopedic surgery applicant nearly doubled. OSIG participation influenced their career interests significantly more after faculty engagement. A total of 93.3% of participants voted that they felt having an engaged faculty advisor is critical for the OSIG. CONCLUSIONS Mentorship was identified as the most crucial activity for career development, followed by clinical exposure and research. The study provides valuable insights for new medical schools in establishing and optimizing OSIGs and potentially other interest groups, particularly in competitive specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Embry
- From the Department of Surgery, Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth
| | - Alexandra Richards
- From the Department of Surgery, Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth
| | - Isabella Amado
- From the Department of Surgery, Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth
| | - David Shau
- From the Department of Surgery, Burnett School of Medicine at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth
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Kolandai K, Milne B, von Randow M, Bullen C, Marsh S, Crump JA. Public opinion on global COVID-19 vaccine procurement and distribution policies: A nationally representative survey in Aotearoa New Zealand 2022. Vaccine 2024; 42:1372-1382. [PMID: 38326132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organisation and many health experts have regarded vaccine nationalism, a "my country first" approach to vaccines procurement, as a critical pandemic response failure. However, few studies have considered public opinion in this regard. This study gauged public support for vaccine nationalism and vaccine internationalism in a representative survey in New Zealand (N = 1,135). Support for vaccine internationalism (M (mean rating) = 3.64 on 5-point scales) was significantly stronger than for vaccine nationalism (M = 3.24). Additionally, support for openly sharing COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing knowledge and technology (M = 4.17 on 5-point scales) was significantly stronger than support for safeguarding vaccine manufacturers' intellectual property (M = 2.66). The public also supported a utilitarian approach that would see distributions based on need (M = 3.76 on 5-point scales) over an equal proportional international distribution (M = 3.16). Akin to the few preceding studies, the present observations suggest that the public is likely to be more supportive of pandemic responses that are globally equitable and long-term orientated. Our findings have substantial implications for pandemic preparedness as the congruence or lack thereof of public vaccine-related values with government policies can affect public trust, which, in turn, can affect public cooperation. It may pay for governments to invest in proactive public engagement efforts before and during a pandemic to discuss critical ethical issues and inequities in global vaccine procurement and distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komathi Kolandai
- COMPASS Research Centre & Public Policy Institute, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Barry Milne
- COMPASS Research Centre, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin von Randow
- COMPASS Research Centre, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Bullen
- General Practice and Primary Healthcare, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samantha Marsh
- General Practice and Primary Healthcare, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John A Crump
- Centre for International Health & Otago Global Health Institute, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Slater S, Lawrence M, Wood B, Serodio P, Baker P. Corporate interest groups and their implications for global food governance: mapping and analysing the global corporate influence network of the transnational ultra-processed food industry. Global Health 2024; 20:16. [PMID: 38388413 PMCID: PMC10882744 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-024-01020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge to transforming food systems to promote human health and sustainable development is the global rise in the manufacture and consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). A key driver of this dietary transition is the globalization of UPF corporations, and their organized corporate political activity (CPA) intended to counter opposition and block government regulation. UPF industry CPA and the corporate interest groups who lobby on their behalf have been well described at the national level, however, at the global level, this network has not been systematically characterized. This study aims to map, analyse, and describe this network, and discuss the implications for global food policy action on UPFs, global food governance (GFG), and food systems transformation. METHODS We conducted a network analysis of the declared interest group memberships of the world's leading UPF corporations, extracted from web sources, company reports, and relevant academic and grey literature. Data on the characteristics of these interest groups were further extracted for analysis, including year founded, level, type, and headquarter location. RESULTS We identified 268 interest groups affiliated with the UPF industry. The UPF manufacturers Nestlé (n = 171), The Coca-Cola Company (n = 147), Unilever (n = 142), PepsiCo (n = 138), and Danone (n = 113) had the greatest number of memberships, indicating strong centrality in coordinating the network. We found that this network operates at all levels, yet key actors now predominantly coordinate globally through multistakeholder channels in GFG. The most common interest group types were sustainability/corporate social responsibility/multistakeholder initiatives, followed by branding and advertising, and food manufacturing and retail. Most corporate interest groups are headquartered where they can access powerful government and GFG decision-makers, nearly one-third in Washington DC and Brussels, and the rest in capital cities of major national markets for UPFs. CONCLUSIONS The UPF industry, and especially its leading corporations, coordinate a global network of interest groups spanning multiple levels, jurisdictions, and governance spaces. This represents a major structural feature of global food and health governance systems, which arguably poses major challenges for actions to attenuate the harms of UPFs, and to realising of healthy and sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Slater
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
| | - Mark Lawrence
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Wood
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Paulo Serodio
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, UK
| | - Phillip Baker
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Brar G, Xu S, Anwar M, Talajia K, Ramesh N, Arshad SR. Robotic surgery: public perceptions and current misconceptions. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:84. [PMID: 38386115 PMCID: PMC10884196 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Whilst surgeons and robotic companies are key stakeholders involved in the adoption of robotic assisted surgery (RS), the public's role is overlooked. However, given that patients hold ultimate power over their healthcare decisions, public acceptance of RS is crucial. Therefore, this study aims to identify public understanding, opinions, and misconceptions about RS. An online questionnaire distributed between February and May 2021 ascertained the views of UK adults on RS. The themes of questions included familiarity, experience and comfort with RS, opinions on its ethical implications, and the impact of factual information provided to the participant. The data were evaluated using thematic and statistical analysis, including assessing for statistical differences in age, gender, education level, and presence in the medical field. Overall, 216 responses were analysed. Participants were relatively uninformed about RS, with a median knowledge score of 4.00(2.00-6.00) on a 10-point Likert scale. Fears surrounding increased risk, reduced precision and technological failure were identified, alongside misconceptions about its autonomous nature. However, providing factual information in the survey about RS statistically increased participant comfort (p = < 0.0001). Most (61.8%) participants believed robot manufacturers were responsible for malfunctions, but doctors were held accountable more by older, less educated, and non-medical participants. Our findings suggest that there is limited public understanding of RS. The numerous common misconceptions identified present a major barrier to the widespread acceptance of RS, since inaccurate fears about its nature could discourage potential patients from engaging with robotic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurneet Brar
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming, Imperial College Road, SW7 2AZ, London, England.
| | - Siyang Xu
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming, Imperial College Road, SW7 2AZ, London, England
| | - Mehreen Anwar
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming, Imperial College Road, SW7 2AZ, London, England
- University of Manchester School of Medicine, Manchester, England
| | - Kareena Talajia
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming, Imperial College Road, SW7 2AZ, London, England
| | - Nikilesh Ramesh
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming, Imperial College Road, SW7 2AZ, London, England
| | - Serish R Arshad
- Imperial College London School of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming, Imperial College Road, SW7 2AZ, London, England
- Calderdale Royal Hospital, Salterhebble, Halifax, West Yorkshire, England
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Xiao B, Yan J, Hayeems RZ. Public Opinions and Attitudes toward Noninvasive Prenatal Testing on Reddit: Content and Sentiment Analysis. Public Health Genomics 2024; 27:45-56. [PMID: 38382480 DOI: 10.1159/000535724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) can be used to detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities early in pregnancy. As eligibility criteria broaden and screening targets expand, gauging public acceptability of NIPT becomes increasingly important. Leveraging social media as a rich source of public discourse, the purpose of this study was to understand public opinions and attitudes toward NIPT on the social media platform Reddit. METHODS We applied content and natural language processing techniques (i.e., sentiment analysis) to textual data collected from 4 Reddit communities focusing on the NIPT content posted from September 2012 to September 2022 (367 posts and 7,822 comments in total). RESULTS Content analysis findings indicated that social media users consider NIPT to be worthwhile. Reasons NIPT was perceived to be not worthwhile related to unwanted anxiety, and the fact that NIPT results would not change anything about their approach to pregnancy were also expressed. The sentiment analysis identified more positive than negative emotions; the mean sentiment scores ranged from 0.48 to 1.22, depending on the specific Lexicon used. Specific emotions (i.e., trust, fear) were also identified. CONCLUSION Our novel approach to understanding public perception and attitudes toward NIPT yielded results that are consistent with conventional patient-oriented research methods. These findings may not only contribute to ongoing improvements in prenatal patient care, research, and policy but also indicate that sentiment analysis applied to social media data can serve as a suitable means to assess public acceptability of NIPT, particularly as public dialogue on this topic increases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xiao
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Joyce Yan
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Z Hayeems
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Elmitwalli S, Mehegan J, Wellock G, Gallagher A, Gilmore A. Topic prediction for tobacco control based on COP9 tweets using machine learning techniques. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298298. [PMID: 38358979 PMCID: PMC10868820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The prediction of tweets associated with specific topics offers the potential to automatically focus on and understand online discussions surrounding these issues. This paper introduces a comprehensive approach that centers on the topic of "harm reduction" within the broader context of tobacco control. The study leveraged tweets from the period surrounding the ninth Conference of the Parties to review the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (COP9) as a case study to pilot this approach. By using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)-based topic modeling, the study successfully categorized tweets related to harm reduction. Subsequently, various machine learning techniques were employed to predict these topics, achieving a prediction accuracy of 91.87% using the Random Forest algorithm. Additionally, the study explored correlations between retweets and sentiment scores. It also conducted a toxicity analysis to understand the extent to which online conversations lacked neutrality. Understanding the topics, sentiment, and toxicity of Twitter data is crucial for identifying public opinion and its formation. By specifically focusing on the topic of "harm reduction" in tweets related to COP9, the findings offer valuable insights into online discussions surrounding tobacco control. This understanding can aid policymakers in effectively informing the public and garnering public support, ultimately contributing to the successful implementation of tobacco control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elmitwalli
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John Mehegan
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Georgie Wellock
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Allen Gallagher
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gilmore
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Hare D, Dickman AJ, Johnson PJ, Rono BJ, Mutinhima Y, Sutherland C, Kulunge S, Sibanda L, Mandoloma L, Kimaili D. Public perceptions of trophy hunting are pragmatic, not dogmatic. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20231638. [PMID: 38351797 PMCID: PMC10865007 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fierce international debates rage over whether trophy hunting is socially acceptable, especially when people from the Global North hunt well-known animals in sub-Saharan Africa. We used an online vignette experiment to investigate public perceptions of the acceptability of trophy hunting in sub-Saharan Africa among people who live in urban areas of the USA, UK and South Africa. Acceptability depended on specific attributes of different hunts as well as participants' characteristics. Zebra hunts were more acceptable than elephant hunts, hunts that would provide meat to local people were more acceptable than hunts in which meat would be left for wildlife, and hunts in which revenues would support wildlife conservation were more acceptable than hunts in which revenues would support either economic development or hunting enterprises. Acceptability was generally lower among participants from the UK and those who more strongly identified as an animal protectionist, but higher among participants with more formal education, who more strongly identified as a hunter, or who would more strongly prioritize people over wild animals. Overall, acceptability was higher when hunts would produce tangible benefits for local people, suggesting that members of three urban publics adopt more pragmatic positions than are typically evident in polarized international debates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh Hare
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amy J. Dickman
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul J. Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Betty J. Rono
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Yolanda Mutinhima
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Chris Sutherland
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, School of Mathematics and Statistics, St Andrews University, St Andrews, UK
| | - Salum Kulunge
- Department of Wildlife Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Lovemore Sibanda
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cheetah Conservation Project Zimbabwe, Dete, Zimbabwe
| | | | - David Kimaili
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
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Calabrò GE, Causio FA, Pires Marafon D, Sassano M, Moccia F, Pastorino R, Boccia S. Public attitudes, knowledge and educational needs toward genetic testing and omics sciences: a pilot survey conducted in Italy. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:75-78. [PMID: 37889589 PMCID: PMC10843941 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in genomics have significant implications for public health, making citizens' education vital for informed decision-making. Based on two literature reviews' findings and a survey conducted with experts from the Italian Network of Genomics in Public Health, we conducted a pilot survey on Italian citizens' attitudes, knowledge and educational needs toward genetic testing and omics sciences. Our results demonstrate a widespread interest in genetic testing and uncertainties regarding associated risks, with 99% of participants acknowledging insufficient knowledge of genetic testing. There is an urgent need for educational tools to improve citizens' literacy and engagement in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Elisa Calabrò
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Andrea Causio
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Pires Marafon
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Sassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Pastorino
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Seo B, Rider N, Rioux W, Teare A, Jones S, Taplay P, Monty Ghosh S. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to implementing and sustaining Mobile Overdose Response Services from the perspective of Canadian key interest groups: a qualitative study. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:28. [PMID: 38308262 PMCID: PMC10837862 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unregulated supply of fentanyl and adulterants continues to drive the overdose crisis. Mobile Overdose Response Services (MORS) are novel technologies that offer virtual supervised consumption to minimize the risk of fatal overdose for those who are unable to access other forms of harm reduction. However, as newly implemented services, they are also faced with numerous limitations. The aim of this study was to examine the facilitators and barriers to the adoption of MORS in Canada. METHODS A total of 64 semi-structured interviews were conducted between November 2021 and April 2022. Participants consisted of people who use substances (PWUS), family members of PWUS, health care professionals, harm reduction workers, MORS operators, and members of the general public. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify the major themes and subthemes. RESULTS Respondents revealed that MORS facilitated a safe, anonymous, and nonjudgmental environment for PWUS to seek harm reduction and other necessary support. It also created a new sense of purpose for operators to positively contribute to the community. Further advertising and promotional efforts were deemed important to increase its awareness. However, barriers to MORS implementation included concerns regarding privacy/confidentiality, uncertainty of funding, and compassion fatigue among the operators. CONCLUSION Although MORS were generally viewed as a useful addition to the currently existing harm reduction services, it's important to monitor and tackle these barriers by engaging the perspectives of key interest groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boogyung Seo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan Rider
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - William Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adrian Teare
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - S Monty Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Nelson JP, Tomblin DC, Barbera A, Smallwood M. The divide so wide: Public perspectives on the role of human genome editing in the US healthcare system. Public Underst Sci 2024; 33:189-209. [PMID: 37638525 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231189955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
We report findings from two open-framed focus groups eliciting informed public opinion about the rapidly developing technology of human genome editing in the context of the US healthcare system. Results reveal that participants take a dim view of the present healthcare system, articulating extensive concerns about the accessibility and affordability of care. They feel that, unless these problems are resolved, they stand little chance of benefiting from any eventual human genome editing treatments. They prioritize improvement in healthcare access well above human genome editing development, and human genome editing regulation and oversight above human genome editing research. These results reveal substantial divergence between public perspectives and expert discourse on human genome editing. The latter attends primarily to the moral permissibility of technical categories of human genome editing research and how to treat human genome editing within existing regulatory and oversight systems rather than broader political-economic and healthcare access concerns. This divergence illustrates the importance of openly framed public engagement around emerging technologies.
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Andrew K, Rhodes E, Ebner M. Size of government and willingness-to-pay for environmental policy: Evidence from a cross-country survey. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119601. [PMID: 38056334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Citizen support is an important precursor to climate change mitigation polices. Public opinion can shape public policy and vice versa. This paper uses the 2010 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) Environment Module to investigate cross-national differences in support for climate policy. We introduce size of government, measured by government revenues as a share of GDP, as a new country-level factor. Our sample includes 31,511 responses from 33 countries. We use multilevel models to estimate the relationship between country-level factors and environmental policy support, conditional on a series of individual factors. Increasing the size of government by one standard deviation reduces support for environmental policy by 0.13 points on a 5-point scale. For comparison, a one standard deviation increase in GDP per capita leads to a 0.24 increase in support and a one standard deviation increase in air pollution leads to a 0.13 point increase. The implication for environmental policy is that high tax countries have an aversion to price and tax increases aimed at protecting the environment. We conclude that use of taxes for environmental policy must include clear expectations for how revenues will be recycled or how other taxes will be lowered if they are to gain widespread support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Andrew
- Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Ekaterina Rhodes
- School of Public Administration, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Manuel Ebner
- Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Basel, Peterspl. 1, 4001, Basel, Switzerland
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50
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Gerasimidis K, Russell RK, Giachero F, Gkikas K, Tel B, Assa A, Bronsky J, de Ridder L, Hojsak I, Jenke A, Norsa L, Sigall-Boneh R, Sila S, Wine E, Zilbauer M, Strisciuglio C, Gasparetto M. Precision nutrition in pediatric IBD: A position paper from the ESPGHAN special interest group for basic science and translational research, the IBD Porto group, and allied health professionals. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:428-445. [PMID: 38374554 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Stratified and precision nutrition refers to disease management or prevention of disease onset, based on dietary interventions tailored to a person's characteristics, biology, gut microbiome, and environmental exposures. Such treatment models may lead to more effective management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reduce risk of disease development. This societal position paper aimed to report advances made in stratified and precision nutritional therapy in IBD. Following a structured literature search, limited to human studies, we identified four relevant themes: (a) nutritional epidemiology for risk prediction of IBD development, (b) food-based dietary interventions in IBD, (c) exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) for Crohn's disease (CD) management, and (d) pre- and probiotics for IBD management. There is scarce literature upon which we can make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for IBD, both for risk of disease development and disease management. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism may modify the effect dietary PUFA have in increasing the risk of IBD development. Non-colonic CD, mild-to-moderate CD, and high microbiota richness may predict success of EEN and may be used both for prediction of treatment continuation, but also for early cessation in nonresponders. There is currently insufficient evidence to make recommendations for precision or stratified dietary therapy for patients with established IBD. Despite the great interest in stratified and precision nutrition, we currently lack data to support conclusive recommendations. Replication of early findings by independent research groups and within structured clinical interventions is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K Russell
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federica Giachero
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos Gkikas
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Balint Tel
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Amit Assa
- The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jiri Bronsky
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lissy de Ridder
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Children's Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreas Jenke
- Children's Hospital Kassel, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rotem Sigall-Boneh
- Israel Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Sila
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Gasparetto
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Jenny Lind Children's Hospital, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
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