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Bianchi E, Bosisio M, Capri G, Mariani P, Miceli R, Borreani C. The psychological consequences after adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer women. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw342.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bianchi E, Cherubini C, Nicoletti S, Fantini M, Drudi F, Arcangeli V, Santelmo C, Montanari F, Venturi A, Nicoletti S, Stocchi L, Tassinari D. Treament options in advanced castration-resistant, prostate cancer (acrpc). preliminary results of a network meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw334.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Farzad M, Falzetta A, Casi C, Giallombardo A, Biancanelli S, Martignetti A, Bianchi E. Potentiation and tolerance preservation of morphine induced analgesia in rodents and healthy volunteers. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw344.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mangas C, Potrony M, Mainetti C, Bianchi E, Carrozza Merlani P, Mancarella Eberhardt A, Maspoli-Postizzi E, Marazza G, Marcollo-Pini A, Pelloni F, Sessa C, Simona B, Puig-Butillé JA, Badenas C, Puig S. Genetic susceptibility to cutaneous melanoma in southern Switzerland: role of CDKN2A, MC1R and MITF. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1030-1037. [PMID: 27473757 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 10% of all cases of cutaneous melanoma (CM) occur in patients with a personal or family history of the disease. OBJECTIVES To obtain information about genetic predisposition to CM in Ticino, the southern region of Switzerland, a zone with moderate-to-high CM incidence. METHODS We identified germline mutations in highly CM-associated genes (CDKN2A and CDK4) and low/medium-penetrance variants (MC1R and MITF) in patients with multiple primary CMs or individuals with one or more CM and a positive family history for CM or pancreatic cancer among first- or second-degree relatives. Healthy blood donors (n = 146) were included as a control group. RESULTS From July 2010 to July 2012, 57 patients (41 pedigrees) were included. Twenty-six were melanoma-prone families (with at least two cases) and 15 had multiple CMs. Pancreatic cancer was found in six families. The CDKN2A mutation p.V126D was identified in seven patients (four families) with a founder effect, whereas CDKN2A A148T was detected in seven cases (five families) and seven healthy donors (odds ratio 2·76, 95% confidence interval 0·83-9·20). At least one MC1R melanoma-associated polymorphism was detected in 32 patients (78%) and 97 healthy donors (66%), with more than one polymorphism in 12 patients (29%) and 25 healthy donors (17%). The MITF variant p.E318K was identified in four patients from three additional pedigrees (7%) and one healthy control (0·7%). CONCLUSIONS Inclusion criteria for the Ticino population for genetic assessment should follow the rule of two (two affected individuals in a family or a patient with multiple CMs), as we detected a CDKN2A mutation in almost 10% of our pedigrees (four of 41), MITF p.E318K in 7% (three of 41) and a higher number of MC1R variants than in the control population.
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Freund H, Inayat A, Klumpp M, Heidig T, Bianchi E, Schwieger W. Periodic Open Cellular Structures for Catalytic Reactors: Interaction of Structuring and Transport Processes. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rogge L, Menegatti S, Latis E, Yahia H, Leloup C, Ménagé N, Moltό A, Miceli-Richard C, Dougados M, Bianchi E. OP0111 Anti-TNF Therapy in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Prediction of Therapeutic Responses Using Immunological Signatures. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rosine N, Menegatti S, Leloup C, Latis E, Bianchi E, Dougados M, Rogge L. AB0123 Immunophenotyping of Lymphocyte Populations by Hyperspectral Cytrometry on Patients with Spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Giussani G, Canelli V, Bianchi E, Erba G, Franchi C, Nobili A, Sander JW, Beghi E. Long-term prognosis of epilepsy, prognostic patterns and drug resistance: a population-based study. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1218-27. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bianchi E, Roncarati P, Hougrand O, Guérin-El Khourouj V, Boreux R, Kroonen J, Martin D, Robe P, Rogister B, Delvenne P, Deprez M. Human cytomegalovirus and primary intracranial tumours: frequency of tumour infection and lack of correlation with systemic immune anti-viral responses. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:e29-40. [PMID: 25041908 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous beta human herpesvirus able to influence infected cell survival and proliferation and to modulate the host immune response. As there is accumulating evidence that HCMV is detected in primary intracranial astrocytic tumours, in this study we looked for the presence of HCMV in intracranial tumours and tried to correlate this eventual presence with the anti-HCMV systemic immunoreactivity and with the detection of HCMV in peripheral blood. METHODS In this study, we analysed 43 glioblastomas (GBM), 14 oligodendrogliomas (OL) and 20 meningiomas (MG) by immunofluorescence (IF) targeting HCMV immediate early antigen (IE1) and by nested PCR (nPCR) amplifying HCMV glycoprotein B (gB). RESULTS Detection of IE1 by IF showed the presence of HCMV in 70% of GBM, 57% of OL and 85% of MG, in contrast to gB nPCR, which detected HCMV in only 50% of GBM, 38% of OL and 46% of MG. Unexpectedly, HCMV DNA and antigens were detected within GBM, OL and MG of patients that exhibit negative viral serology. More surprisingly, PCR on the peripheral blood did not detect HCMV in patients with a HCMV-positive tumour. CONCLUSIONS Our results are in agreement with previous observations demonstrating HCMV in glial tumours and highlight the presence of HCMV in meningiomas. We also showed that anti-HCMV specific systemic immunoreactivity and detection of HCMV in peripheral blood are not predictive of HCMV presence in primary intracranial tumours.
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Martinez Vazquez R, Nava G, Veglione M, Yang T, Bragheri F, Minzioni P, Bianchi E, Di Tano M, Chiodi I, Osellame R, Mondello C, Cristiani I. An optofluidic constriction chip for monitoring metastatic potential and drug response of cancer cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:477-84. [PMID: 25804890 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00023h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular mechanical properties constitute good markers to characterize tumor cells, to study cell population heterogeneity and to highlight the effect of drug treatments. In this work, we describe the fabrication and validation of an integrated optofluidic chip capable of analyzing cellular deformability on the basis of the pressure gradient needed to push a cell through a narrow constriction. We demonstrate the ability of the chip to discriminate between tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB231) and between human melanoma cells with different metastatic potential (A375P and A375MC2). Moreover, we show that this chip allows highlighting the effect of drugs interfering with microtubule organization (paclitaxel, combretastatin A-4 and nocodazole) on cancer cells, which leads to changes in the pressure-gradient required to push cells through the constriction. Our single-cell microfluidic device for mechanical evaluation is compact and easy to use, allowing for an extensive use in different laboratory environments.
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Gervasoni E, Cattaneo D, Messina P, Casati E, Montesano A, Bianchi E, Beghi E. Clinical and stabilometric measures predicting falls in Parkinson disease/parkinsonisms. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 132:235-41. [PMID: 25690532 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical predictors of falls in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) are fairly inaccurate. Stabilometric measures appear useful in investigating the relationship between balance, sensory disturbance, and falls. The aim of the study was to identify the best combination of clinical and stabilometric tests to predict falls prospectively. MATERIALS & METHODS Fifty-three consecutive subjects with PD or parkinsonisms at risk of falls were included and followed for 6 months. Clinical variables were used as fall predictors: the Unified Parkinson Disease's Rating Scale (motor section) and the Longitudinal Aging study Amsterdam Physical Activity Questionnaire (LAPAQ). Variables from stabilometric platform underwent a principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic models were used to predict fallers using fall status (fallers: 1 + falls; recurrent fallers: 2 + falls) as dependent variable. RESULTS Seven patients were lost to follow up, leaving 46 evaluable subjects. Of these, 32 (70%) were fallers and 22 (48%) were recurrent fallers. The only variable predicting fallers was the LAPAQ (odd ratio [OR] 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.00); accuracy 71.7%; sensitivity 87.5%; specificity 35.7%). For recurrent fallers, Factor 2 (body sway velocity) (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.01-5.58) and, in part, LAPAQ (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-1.00) retained significance in the multivariate model, showing an accuracy of 76.9%, a sensitivity of 77.8%, and a specificity of 76.2%. CONCLUSIONS A combination of clinical and instrumental tools is useful to identify fallers in PD or parkinsonisms. Body sway velocity and ability to perform the activities of daily living are the best predictors of recurrent falls.
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Bergin P, D'Souza W, Beghi E, Tripathi M, Richardson M, Sadleir L, Bianchi E. Do neurologists around the world agree when diagnosing epilepsy? - Results of a multinational epinet study. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moonen G, Lievens I, Bianchi E. [Loss of balance, gait disturbance and falls in an elderly woman]. REVUE MEDICALE DE LIEGE 2015; 70:517-526. [PMID: 26727842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the diagnostic workup of a 75-year old woman seen in the outpatient clinic and complaining of a very common symptom that is walking difficulty and falls. We stress the complexity of the clinical examination and of the pathophysiology of equilibrium and gait disorders. They are numerous aetiologies that are very often associated in elderly patients. The therapeutic approach is necessarily multidisciplinary, both medical and paramedical. In the particular case of the patient illustrated in this vignette, the diagnosis was myofibrillar myopathy, a rare and recently described muscle disease. This is the occasion to stress that for many rare disorders, it is the disease, but not the signs or symptoms, which is rare.
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Bianchi E, Sigman M, Boekelheide K, Hall S, Hwang K. Ghrelin administration ameliorates adhesion formation in a mouse surgical model. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bianchi E, Bombardi C, Bassi P, Bolcato M, Gentile A, Militerno G. Bilateral Trochlear Nerve Palsy as a Consequence of Cerebellar Medulloblastoma: Clinical and Pathological Findings in a Calf. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1117-21. [PMID: 26110579 PMCID: PMC4895356 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Santucci N, Díaz A, Bianchi E, Spinelli S, D'Attilio L, Bongiovanni B, Dídoli G, Brandan N, Nannini L, Bay ML, Bottasso O. Leptin does not enhance cell-mediated immune responses following mycobacterial antigen stimulation. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 18:981-7. [PMID: 25199016 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a infectious disease characterised by a profound immune-endocrine metabolic imbalance, including a diminution in leptin plasma levels. Leptin appears to be the link between nutritional status and the development of a protective immune response. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of leptin on the proliferation and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in TB patients and healthy controls stimulated with mycobacterial antigens with or without leptin. As macrophages are key cells in mycobacterial containment, the effect of leptin on the production of interleukin (IL) 1β and IL-1Ra by the monocytic cell line THP-1 was also studied. RESULTS Leptin diminished the proliferative capacity of PBMC on mycobacterial stimulation, and had no effect on IFN-γ production in terms of measurements in culture supernatants or intracytoplasmic analysis using flow cytometry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction studies of PBMC from TB patients revealed a preserved expression of leptin receptor. Furthermore, IL-1β and IL-1Ra secretion by THP-1 cells was not modified by leptin treatment. CONCLUSION The study results do not support the utility of treatment with leptin to correct immune imbalances due to TB.
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Salvi S, Casadio V, Conteduca V, Burgio SL, Menna C, Bianchi E, Rossi L, Carretta E, Masini C, Amadori D, Calistri D, Attard G, De Giorgi U. Circulating cell-free AR and CYP17A1 copy number variations may associate with outcome of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1717-24. [PMID: 25897673 PMCID: PMC4430717 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate copy number variations (CNVs) of CYP17A1 and androgen receptor (AR) genes in serum cell-free DNA collected before starting abiraterone in 53 consecutive patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS Serum DNA was isolated and CNVs were analysed for AR and CYP17A1 genes using Taqman copy number assays. The association between CNVs and progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS) was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS Median PFS of patients with AR gene gain was 2.8 vs 9.5 months of non-gained cases (P < 0.0001). Patients with CYP17A1 gene gain had a median PFS of 2.8 months vs 9.2 months in the non-gained patients (P = 0.0014). A lower OS was reported in both cases (AR: P < 0.0001; CYP17A1: P = 0.0085). Multivariate analysis revealed that PSA decline ⩾ 50%, AR and CYP17A1 CNVs were associated with shorter PFS (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0450, respectively), while performance status, PSA decline ⩾ 50%, AR CNV and DNA concentration were associated with OS (P = 0.0021, P = 0.0014, P = 0.0026 and P = 0.0129, respectively). CONCLUSIONS CNVs of AR and CYP17A1 genes would appear to be associated with outcome of CRPC patients treated with abiraterone.
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Trintinaglia L, Bianchi E, Silva LB, Nascimento CA, Spilki FR, Ziulkoski AL. Cytotoxicity assays as tools to assess water quality in the Sinos River basin. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:75-80. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of surface waters and may help to improve the control of water quality. This study compared two methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Hep-2 cells to water samples collected from the Rolante River, an important affluent of the Sinos River. The toxicity was evaluated using the MTT and neutral red assays. Two methods were used to prepare culture media. In method 1, the sample was diluted at 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, 1:10.000 (v/v, sample/medium) in a standard culture medium; in method 2, water samples were used as the solvent for the culture medium, which was prepared at concentrations of 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20%. Semi-confluent cultures were then exposed to the media test for 24 hours, and cytotoxicity was determined immediately using the MTT and NR assays. Mitochondrial activity (MTT) was significantly lower at all concentrations in both methods, except at 1:1000 in method 1. However, the lysosome viability (NR) results revealed cytotoxicity only in the 1:1 sample of method 1. Both culture preparation methods were efficient and sensitive to the MTT assay, but method 2 seemed to be more adequate for the NR assay. The Rolante River has cytotoxic contaminants to Hep-2 cells, which may be one of the explanations for the poor water quality of the Sinos River basin.</p>
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Bianchi E, Goldoni A, Trintinaglia L, Lessing G, Silva CEM, Nascimento CA, Ziulkoski AL, Spilki FR, Silva LB. Evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of water samples from the Sinos River Basin, southern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:68-74. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>Some water bodies in the Sinos River Basin (SRB) have been suffering the effects of pollution by residential, industrial and agroindustrial wastewater. The presence of cytotoxic and genotoxic compounds could compromise the water quality and the balance of these ecosystems. In this context, the research aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the water at four sites along the SRB (in the cities of Santo Antônio da Patrulha, Parobé, Campo Bom and Esteio), using bioassays in fish and cell culture. Samples of surface water were collected and evaluated <italic>in vitro</italic> using the <italic>Astyanax jacuhiensis</italic> fish species (micronucleus test and comet assay) and the Vero lineage of cells (comet assay and cytotoxicity tests, neutral red - NR and tetrazolium MTT). The micronucleus test in fish showed no significant differences between the sampling sites, and neither did the comet assay and the MTT and NR tests in Vero cells. The comet assay showed an increase in genetic damage in the fish exposed to water samples collected in the middle and lower sections of the basin (Parobé, Campo Bom and Esteio) when compared to the upper section of the basin (Santo Antônio da Patrulha). The results indicate contamination by genotoxic substances starting in the middle section of the SRB.</p>
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Nascimento CA, Staggemeier R, Bianchi E, Rodrigues MT, Fabres R, Soliman MC, Bortoluzzi M, Luz RB, Heinzelmann LS, Santos EL, Fleck JD, Spilki FR. Monitoring of metals, organic compounds and coliforms in water catchment points from the Sinos River basin. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:50-6. [PMID: 26270213 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unplanned use and occupation of the land without respecting its capacity of assimilation and environmental purification leads to the degradation of the environment and of water used for human consumption. Agricultural areas, industrial plants and urban centres developed without planning and the control of effluent discharges are the main causes of water pollution in river basins that receive all the liquid effluents produced in those places. Over the last decades, environmental management has become part of governmental agendas in search of solutions for the preservation of water quality and the restoration of already degraded resources. This study evaluated the conditions of the main watercourse of the Sinos River basin by monitoring the main physical, chemical and microbiological parameters described in the CONAMA Resolution no. 357/2005.The set of parameters evaluated at five catchment points of water human consumption revealed a river that has different characteristics in each reach, as the upper reach was class 1, whereas the middle and lower reaches of the basin were class 4. Monitoring pointed to households as the main sources of pollutants in those reaches, although metals used in the industrial production of the region were found in the samples analyzed.
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Bergamaschi B, Rodrigues MT, Silva JVS, Kluge M, Luz RB, Fleck JD, Bianchi E, Silva LB, Spilki FR. Moving beyond classical markers of water quality: detection of enteric viruses and genotoxicity in water of the Sinos River. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:63-7. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>It is well recognized that the classical biological and chemical markers of environmental pollution do not necessarily indicate the presence or absence of emerging threats to public health, such as waterborne viruses and genotoxicants. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of material of enteroviruses (EV), rotavirus (RV) and adenovirus (AdV) and genotoxicity in water samples from points of routine monitoring of water quality in the main course of the Sinos River. The points are classified into different levels of pollution in accordance to the Brazilian federal regulations. Viral genomes from EV, AdV were detected in two of the 4 collection points regardless of the level of urbanisation of the surrounding areas. In contrast, genotoxicity was not observed in piava (<italic>Leporinus obtusidens</italic>) fingerlings cultivated on these same water samples. Results were compared with classical physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. There was no clear evidence of association between any of the classical markers and the presence of viral genomes in the water samples tested.</p>
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Bianchi E, Bulgarelli J, Ruberti S, Rontauroli S, Sacchi G, Norfo R, Pennucci V, Zini R, Salati S, Prudente Z, Ferrari S, Manfredini R. MYB controls erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage fate decision through the miR-486-3p-mediated downregulation of MAF. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1906-21. [PMID: 25857263 PMCID: PMC4816102 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MYB has a key role in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) lineage choice, by enhancing erythropoiesis at the expense of megakaryopoiesis. We previously demonstrated that MYB controls erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage decision by transactivating KLF1 and LMO2 expression. To further unravel the molecular mechanisms through which MYB affects lineage fate decision, we performed the integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA changes in MYB-silenced human primary CD34+ HPCs. Among the miRNAs with the highest number of predicted targets, we focused our studies on hsa-miR-486-3p by demonstrating that MYB controls miR-486-3p expression through the transactivation of its host gene, ankyrin-1 (ANK1) and that miR-486-3p affects HPCs commitment. Indeed, overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrated that miR-486-3p supports the erythropoiesis while restraining the megakaryopoiesis. Of note, miR-486-3p also favors granulocyte differentiation while repressing the macrophage differentiation. To shed some light on the molecular mechanisms through which miR-486-3p affects HPCs lineage commitment, we profiled the gene expression changes upon miR-486-3p overexpression in CD34+ cells. Among the genes downregulated in miR-486-3p-overexpressing HPCs and computationally predicted to be miR-486-3p targets, we identified MAF as a miR-486-3p target by 3′UTR luciferase reporter assay. Noteworthy, MAF overexpression was able to partially reverse the effects of miR-486-3p overexpression on erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage choice. Moreover, the MYB/MAF co-silencing constrained the skewing of erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage commitment in MYB-silenced CD34+ cells, by restraining the expansion of megakaryocyte lineage while partially rescuing the impairment of erythropoiesis. Therefore, our data collectively demonstrate that MYB favors erythropoiesis and restrains megakaryopoiesis through the transactivation of miR-486-3p expression and the subsequent downregulation of MAF. As a whole, our study uncovers the MYB/miR-486-3p/MAF axis as a new mechanism underlying the MYB-driven control of erythroid versus megakaryocyte lineage fate decision.
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Bianchi E, Ripandelli G, Feher J, Plateroti AM, Plateroti R, Kovacs I, Plateroti P, Taurone S, Artico M. Occlusion of retinal capillaries caused by glial cell proliferation in chronic ocular inflammation. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2015; 74:33-41. [PMID: 25792393 DOI: 10.5603/fm.2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The inner blood-retinal barrier is a gliovascular unit in which glial cells surround capillary endothelial cells and regulate retinal capillaries by paracrine interactions. During chronic ocular inflammation, microvascular complications can give rise to vascular proliferative lesions, which compromise visual acuity. This pathologic remodelling caused by proliferating Müller cells determines occlusion of retinal capillaries. The aim of the present study was to identify qualitative and quantitative alterations in the retinal capillaries in patients with post-traumatic chronic ocular inflammation or post-thrombotic vascular glaucoma. Moreover, we investigated the potential role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in retinal inflammation. Our electron microscopy findings demonstrated that during chronic ocular inflammation, thickening of the basement membrane, loss of pericytes and endothelial cells and proliferation of Müller cells occur with irreversible occlusion of retinal capillaries. Angiogenesis takes place as part of a regenerative reaction that results in fibrosis. We believe that VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines may be potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of this disease although further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Molteni R, Bianchi E, Patete P, Fabbri M, Baroni G, Dubini G, Pardi R. A novel device to concurrently assess leukocyte extravasation and interstitial migration within a defined 3D environment. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:195-207. [PMID: 25337693 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte extravasation and interstitial migration are key events during inflammation. Traditional in vitro techniques address only specific steps of cell recruitment to tissues and fail to recapitulate the whole process in an appropriate three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Herein, we describe a device that enables us to qualitatively and quantitatively assess in 4D the interdependent steps underlying leukocyte trafficking in a close-to-physiology in vitro context. Real-time tracking of cells, from initial adhesion to the endothelium and subsequent diapedesis to interstitial migration towards the source of the chemoattractant within the 3D collagen matrix, is enabled by the use of optically transparent porous membranes laid over the matrix. Unique features of the device, such as the use of non-planar surfaces and the contribution of physiological flow to the establishment of a persistent chemoattractant gradient, were assessed by numerical simulations and validated by proof-of-concept, simultaneous testing of differentially treated primary mouse neutrophils. This microfluidic platform offers new and versatile tools to thoroughly investigate the stepwise process of circulating cell recruitment to target tissues in vitro and to test novel therapeutics targeting various steps of the process.
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Di Saverio S, Sibilio A, Coniglio C, Bianchi E, Biscardi A, Villani S, Gordini G, Tugnoli G. A proposed algorithm for multimodal liver trauma management from a surgical trauma audit in a western European trauma center. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:1205-1216. [PMID: 24472749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Management of liver trauma is challenging and may vary widely given the heterogeneity of liver injuries' anatomical configuration, the hemodynamic status, the settings and resources available. Perhaps the use of non-operative management (NOM) may have potential drawbacks and the role of damage control surgery (DCS) and angioembolization represents a major evolving concept.1 Most severe liver trauma in polytrauma patients accounts for a significant morbidity and mortality. Major liver trauma with extensive parenchymal injury and uncontrollable bleeding is therefore a challenge for the trauma team. However a safe and effective surgical hemostasis and a carefully planned multidisciplinary approach can improve the outcome of severe liver trauma. The technique of perihepatic packing, according to DCS approach, is often required to achieve fast, early and effective control of hemorrhage in the highest grades of liver trauma and in unstable patients. A systematic and standardized technique of perihepatic packing may contribute to improve hemostatic efficacy and overall outcomes if wisely combined in a stepwise "sandwich" multimodal approach. DCS philosophy evolved alongside with damage control resuscitation (DCR) in the management of trauma patients, requiring close interaction between surgery and resuscitation. Therefore, as a result of a combined surgical and critical care clinical audit activity in our western European trauma center, a practical algorithm for multimodal sequential management of liver trauma has been developed based on a historical cohort of 253 liver trauma patients and subsequently validated on a prospective cohort of 135 patients in the period 2010-2013.
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