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Halle C, Andersen E, Malinen E, Lando M, Hasvold G, Holden M, Syljuasen R, Sundfer K, Kristensen G, Lyng H. 22 VISUALIZING AN AGGRESSIVE HYPOXIA PHENOTYPE OF CERVICAL CANCER USING DCE-MR IMAGING. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kohno M, Perch M, Andersen E, Carlsen J, Andersen C, Iversen M. Treatment of Intractable Interstitial Lung Injury with Alemtuzumab after Lung Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1868-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Corrie P, Weaver J, Chhabra A, Kingshott V, Bailey S, Andersen E, Ingman I, Harris R, Follows G, Eisen T. Treatment costs of cancer trials in a single UK institution. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mortensen H, Jensen K, Overgaard J, Specht L, Overgaard M, Johansen J, Evensen J, Andersen E, Andersen L, Hansen H, Grau C. 136 oral RISK FACTORS FOR SWALLOWING DYSFUNCTION AFTER RADIOTHERAPY IN THE DAHANCA 6 & 7 RANDOMIZED TRIAL. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Boeje C, Dalton S, Kristensen C, Andersen E, Johansen J, Andersen L, Overgaard J. COMORBIDITY AMONG 13,651 HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS FROM THE DAHANCA-DATABASE. Radiother Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(11)70004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nielsen GL, Andersen E, Lundbye-Christensen S. Maternal blood glucose in diabetic pregnancies and cognitive performance in offspring in young adulthood: a Danish cohort study. Diabet Med 2010; 27:786-90. [PMID: 20636959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Maternal diabetes is a known risk factor for perinatal complications, but there are little data on consequences for long-term intellectual outcome in offspring. We assess cognitive performance in military conscripts according to maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy. METHODS We identified a cohort of 60 Danish male offspring of insulin-treated diabetic mothers born between 1976 and 1984 and followed this cohort to military conscription. From medical records, we extracted data on all available values of maternal blood glucose categorized as fasting and non-fasting and by day in pregnancy, together with maternal White class, smoking habits and socio-economic status. The main outcome was cognitive performance at conscription measured with a validated intelligence test. The association between maternal blood glucose level and cognitive performance was assessed by multivariate linear regression and a fitted fractional polynomial. RESULTS Median fasting blood glucose values in the second half of pregnancy was negatively associated with cognitive scores at conscription [adjusted coefficient -1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.0; -0.4]. Restriction to only first-born sibling slightly strengthened the association (coefficient -1.9; 95% CI -3.3; -0.5), but after exclusion of two pregnancies with the blood glucose > 10 mmol/l the association became insignificant (coefficient -0.6; 95% CI -2.6; 1.4). CONCLUSIONS Maternal blood glucose level during diabetic pregnancy is negatively associated with cognitive performance in offspring at military conscription. In pregnancies with fasting blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/l, the association is weak and considered to be without clinical relevance.
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Jensen SB, Pedersen AML, Vissink A, Andersen E, Brown CG, Davies AN, Dutilh J, Fulton JS, Jankovic L, Lopes NNF, Mello ALS, Muniz LV, Murdoch-Kinch CA, Nair RG, Napeñas JJ, Nogueira-Rodrigues A, Saunders D, Stirling B, von Bültzingslöwen I, Weikel DS, Elting LS, Spijkervet FKL, Brennan MT. A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: management strategies and economic impact. Support Care Cancer 2010; 18:1061-79. [PMID: 20333412 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-010-0837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to assess the literature for management strategies and economic impact of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies and to determine the quality of evidence-based management recommendations. METHODS The electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles published in English since the 1989 NIH Development Consensus Conference on the Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies until 2008 inclusive. For each article, two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, interventions, outcome measures, results, and conclusions. RESULTS Seventy-two interventional studies met the inclusion criteria. In addition, 49 intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) studies were included as a management strategy aiming for less salivary gland damage. Management guideline recommendations were drawn up for IMRT, amifostine, muscarinic agonist stimulation, oral mucosal lubricants, acupuncture, and submandibular gland transfer. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies can be prevented or symptoms be minimized to some degree, depending on the type of cancer treatment. Management guideline recommendations are provided for IMRT, amifostine, muscarinic agonist stimulation, oral mucosal lubricants, acupuncture, and submandibular gland transfer. Fields of sparse literature identified included effects of gustatory and masticatory stimulation, specific oral mucosal lubricant formulas, submandibular gland transfer, acupuncture, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, management strategies in pediatric cancer populations, and the economic consequences of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia.
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Jensen SB, Pedersen AML, Vissink A, Andersen E, Brown CG, Davies AN, Dutilh J, Fulton JS, Jankovic L, Lopes NNF, Mello ALS, Muniz LV, Murdoch-Kinch CA, Nair RG, Napeñas JJ, Nogueira-Rodrigues A, Saunders D, Stirling B, von Bültzingslöwen I, Weikel DS, Elting LS, Spijkervet FKL, Brennan MT. A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: prevalence, severity and impact on quality of life. Support Care Cancer 2010; 18:1039-60. [PMID: 20237805 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-010-0827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to assess the literature for prevalence, severity, and impact on quality of life of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies. METHODS The electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles published in English since the 1989 NIH Development Consensus Conference on the Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies until 2008 inclusive. Two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, interventions, outcome measures, results and conclusions for each article. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 184 articles covering salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by conventional, 3D conformal radiotherapy or intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients, cancer chemotherapy, total body irradiation/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, radioactive iodine treatment, and immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia are induced by radiotherapy in the head and neck region depending on the cumulative radiation dose to the gland tissue. Treatment focus should be on optimized/new approaches to further reduce the dose to the parotids, and particularly submandibular and minor salivary glands, as these glands are major contributors to moistening of oral tissues. Other cancer treatments also induce salivary gland hypofunction, although to a lesser severity, and in the case of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the adverse effect is temporary. Fields of sparse literature included pediatric cancer populations, cancer chemotherapy, radioactive iodine treatment, total body irradiation/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy.
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Andersen E, Dessaix IM, Perneger T, Mombelli A. Myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) expression in gingival crevice fluid in periodontal health and disease and after treatment. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:458-63. [PMID: 20337885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) and its subunits are biomarkers of inflammation. The present study evaluated whether gingival crevice fluid levels of these markers discriminate periodontitis from healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis or diseased from healthy subjects, and whether these biomarkers detect longitudinal changes after therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Levels of MRP8/14, MRP14 and total protein were quantified in 19 periodontitis patients before non-surgical periodontal therapy, after 3 and 6 mo of treatment, and were measured once in 11 periodontally healthy subjects. In total, diseased subjects contributed 59 sites with probing depths >4 mm (PP) and 21 sites <4 mm (PH); healthy subjects contributed 91 sites (HH). RESULTS Overall, in diseased subjects, MRP8/14, MRP14 and total protein were not significantly different between PP and PH sites. However, at baseline, MRP8/14 and total protein had significantly higher values at sites in periodontally diseased than in healthy subjects. Clinical improvement was associated with a significant decrease of MRP8/14 and MRP14 from baseline to month 6 in PP sites. Interestingly, a similar decrease was observed in PH sites for all three markers. At 6 mo, however, levels of MRP8/14 and protein in PP and PH sites of patients were still significantly higher than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Gingival crevice fluid levels of MRP8/14 did not differentiate between clinically diseased and healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis. However, this marker was elevated in periodontally diseased compared with healthy subjects, and its values decreased following therapy. MRP8/14 may be used to monitor the response to treatment.
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Andersen E, Asuri N, Clay M, Halloran M. Live imaging of cell motility and actin cytoskeleton of individual neurons and neural crest cells in zebrafish embryos. J Vis Exp 2010:1726. [PMID: 20130524 PMCID: PMC2818709 DOI: 10.3791/1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an ideal model for imaging cell behaviors during development in vivo. Zebrafish embryos are externally fertilized and thus easily accessible at all stages of development. Moreover, their optical clarity allows high resolution imaging of cell and molecular dynamics in the natural environment of the intact embryo. We are using a live imaging approach to analyze cell behaviors during neural crest cell migration and the outgrowth and guidance of neuronal axons. Live imaging is particularly useful for understanding mechanisms that regulate cell motility processes. To visualize details of cell motility, such as protrusive activity and molecular dynamics, it is advantageous to label individual cells. In zebrafish, plasmid DNA injection yields a transient mosaic expression pattern and offers distinct benefits over other cell labeling methods. For example, transgenic lines often label entire cell populations and thus may obscure visualization of the fine protrusions (or changes in molecular distribution) in a single cell. In addition, injection of DNA at the one-cell stage is less invasive and more precise than dye injections at later stages. Here we describe a method for labeling individual developing neurons or neural crest cells and imaging their behavior in vivo. We inject plasmid DNA into 1-cell stage embryos, which results in mosaic transgene expression. The vectors contain cell-specific promoters that drive expression of a gene of interest in a subset of sensory neurons or neural crest cells. We provide examples of cells labeled with membrane targeted GFP or with a biosensor probe that allows visualization of F-actin in living cells1. Erica Andersen, Namrata Asuri, and Matthew Clay contributed equally to this work.
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Malysz J, Dyhring T, Ahring P, Olsen G, Peters D, Gronlien J, Wetterstrand C, Ween H, Haakerud M, Thorin-Hagene K, Andersen E, Anderson D, Hu M, Kroeger P, Lee CH, Gopalakrishnan M, Timmermann D. In vitro pharmacological profile of a novel α4β2 positive allosteric modulator NS9283 (A-969933). Biochem Pharmacol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lassen P, Eriksen J, Krogdahl A, Specht L, Overgaard M, Andersen E, Johansen J, Andersen L, Overgaard J. 19LBA HPV-associated p16-expression and response to radiobiological modifications of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: results from the randomised DAHANCA trials. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)72054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Hansen MM, Andersen E, Birgens H, Christensen BE, Christensen TG, Geisler C, Meldgaard K, Pedersen D. CHOP Versus Chlorambucil + Prednisolone in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 5 Suppl 1:97-100. [DOI: 10.3109/10428199109103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Overgaard J, Hoff CM, Hansen HS, Specht L, Overgaard M, Grau C, Andersen E, Johansen J, Andersen LJ, Evensen JF. Randomized study of darbepoetin alfa as modifier of radiotherapy in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC): Final outcome of the DAHANCA 10 trial. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6007 Background: The study aimed to evaluate if correction of low hemoglobin (Hb) levels by means of the erythropoietin stimulating agent: darbepoetin alpha (Aranesp) during radiotherapy (RT) improves outcome in patients with HNSCC. Following a planned interim analysis which showed inferiority of the experimental treatment, the trial was stopped in November 2006. Methods: Pts with HNSCC eligible for primary RT alone and with Hb values below 14.0 g/dl were randomized to receive Aranesp together with accelerated fractionated RT. Pts. were stratified according to gender, T and N staging, tumor site, and institution. Aranesp was given subcutaneously in a dose of 150 micrograms weekly during RT, or stopped earlier if the Hb exceeded 15.5 g/dl. Results: In total, 522 patients (of a planned intake of 600) were included at the time of the interim analysis. Of these 514 pts were eligible for analysis (255 pts treated with Aranesp and 259 pts in the control group) with a median follow up of 49 months. Among these, 201 developed a loco-regional failure (primary endpoint). There have been 238 deaths of which 176 are due to HNSCC. The patients were evenly distributed according to the stratification parameters (gender, T and N staging, tumor site, institution).Aranesp resulted in the expected increase in Hb in more than 81% of the patients. The compliance to Aranesp was good with no significant difference in serious (cardiovascular) adverse events (3% vs. 1%). Overall, the results showed a poorer outcome in 5-year loco-regional control (59% vs. 68% (p = 0.04, RR: 1.47 [1.14–1.94]) for the Aranesp vs. control arm. This was also seen for the endpoint of disease-free survival (37% vs. 47%, p = 0.02, RR: 1.32 [1.04–1.68]), whereas there was no significant difference in overall survival (40% vs. 51%, p = 0.16, RR: 1.20 [0.93–1.55]). There were no differences in radiation related morbidity. All univariate analyses were confirmed in a multivariate setting. Conclusions: Correction of the Hb level with Aranesp in patients with HNSCC resulted in a significantly poorer tumor control after radiotherapy. The treatment principle was abandoned and the difference in outcome is being subjected to further examination. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Andersen E, Videback A. Diagnostic laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 12:5-8. [PMID: 4831821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1974.tb00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Andersen E, Viderbaek A. Infectious mononucleosis and reticulum cell sarcoma. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 9:400-2. [PMID: 4561374 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1972.tb00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nordentoft AM, Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Brincker H, Andersen E, Pedersen M, Nielsen JB, Jensen KB, Nissen NI, Jensen TS, Videbaek A, Jensen MK, Walbom-Jørgensen S. Hodgkin's Disease in Denmark: A National Clinical Study by the Danish Hodgkin Study Group, LYGRA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1980.tb01591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Andersen E, Christensen BE, Videbaek A. Treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Results obtained by individualized treatment using radiotherapy and cytostatics. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 9:625-38. [PMID: 4630133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1972.tb00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Andersen E, Ulrich K. Acryl fibres for the isolation of human lymphocytes. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 5:425-7. [PMID: 5731929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1968.tb00862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Andersen E. Depletion of thymus dependent lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 12:263-9. [PMID: 4545783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1974.tb00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Andersen E. The influence of age on transplantation immunity. Reactivity to normal lymphocyte transfer at different ages. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 9:621-4. [PMID: 4405004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1972.tb00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Andersen LB, Andersen TE, Andersen E, Anderssen SA. An intermittent running test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake: the Andersen test. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2008; 48:434-437. [PMID: 18997644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Monitoring of height and weight in children in schools has been discussed to get data on trends in obesity. Physical fitness may be just as important to monitor and a simple reliable test will therefore be important. The aim of this paper was to analyze the association between VO2max measured during maximal work on a treadmill and running distance in an intermittent running test. METHODS Three different groups conducted an intermittent running test VO2max was measured directly during treadmill running. The groups were 27 physical education students (age 20.0-27.0 years), 57 children (age 9.9-11.0 years), and 14 male elite soccer players (age 14.2-15.0 years). RESULTS The reproducibility of the Andersen test was good (r=0.84). Subjects ran 15 m (SD 61 m) longer the second time, but this difference was not significant (P=0.102). The association between running distance in the Andersen test and VO2max measured on the treadmill showed a correlation coefficient of 0.87 in university students, 0.68 in children, and 0.60 in soccer players. For the whole group: VO2max= 18.38 + (0.03301*distance) - (5.92*sex) (boys=0;girls=1) (r=0.84). CONCLUSION The test may provide teachers and health care professionals with an important tool to estimate physical fitness in children and adolescents in a fast, non-expensive and reliable way.
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Overgaard J, Hoff C, Sand Hansen H, Specht L, Overgaard M, Grau C, Andersen E, Johansen J, Andersen L, Evensen J. 6LB Randomized study of the importance of Novel Erythropoiesis Stimulating Protein (Aranesp®) for the effect of radiotherapy in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) – the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Group DAHANCA 10 randomized trial. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Roslind A, Johansen JS, Christensen IJ, Bentzen J, Nielsen DL, Price PA, Andersen E. Association of serum level of YKL-40 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with survival. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5551 Background: High serum YKL-40 is associated with poor prognosis in breast-, colorectal-, ovarian-, prostate-, small cell lung carcinoma and malignant melanoma. YKL-40 is secreted by cancer cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Its function in cancer is unknown. It may be a growth factor, play a role in angiogenesis or protect against apoptosis. The aim was to examine serum YKL-40 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Methods: YKL-40 was determined by ELISA (Quidel, Santa Clara, CA) in serum samples from 138 patients with SCCHN (median age 60, range 44–92 years) before surgery and/or fractionated radiotherapy (total dose of 60–68 Gy, 2-Gy fractions). 42 patients had stage 1, 28 stage 2, 22 stage 3, and 46 stage 4 disease. The median follow-up time was 4.0 years (range 15 days–8.5 years). 91 patients had died. Results: Serum YKL-40 was increased (p < 0.001) in patients with SCCHN (median 120 μg/l, range 25–1848 μg/l) compared to healthy controls (43 μg/l, 20–184 μg/l, n = 245). Serum YKL-40 was elevated in 52% of the patients. Patients with stage 1 disease had lower, but non-significant, serum YKL-40 compared to patients with stage 2–4 disease (median 113 μg/l, range 25–1000 μg/l vs. 139 μg/l, 29–1848 μg/l, p = 0.06). Patients with high serum YKL-40 had significantly shorter survival than patients with normal serum YKL-40 (33 months vs. 74 months, p = 0.01 logrank test). Univariate analysis of serum YKL-40 (log transformed and treated as a continuous covariate) showed significant association with overall survival after start of therapy (HR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7, p = 0.0004). Multivariate Cox analysis including age, stage and serum YKL-40 (log transformed and treated as a continuous variable) showed that stage (stage 3–4 vs. stage 1–2, HR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.9–4.6, p < 0.0001) and serum YKL-40 (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.8, p = 0.0003) were independent prognostic variables of overall survival. Conclusions: Serum YKL-40 is a prognostic biomarker of overall survival in SCCHN patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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