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Yang M, Kong F, Xie X, Wu P, Chu Y, Cao X, Xue S. Galactolipid DGDG and Betaine Lipid DGTS Direct De Novo Synthesized Linolenate into Triacylglycerol in a Stress-Induced Starchless Mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:851-862. [PMID: 32061132 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for triacylglycerol (TAG) enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has led to a surge of interest in microalgal TAG metabolism. Polar membrane lipids serve as the desaturation carrier for PUFA, and the functional group of PUFA can be incorporated into TAG. Monogalactoglycerolipid has been found to provide the de novo synthesized oleate acyl group or the nascent polyunsaturated diacylglycerol backbone for TAG biosynthesis in the model green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, whether other membrane lipids take part in the formation of PUFA-attached TAG has not been clearly discovered. A time course study of glycerolipidomics in the starchless mutant of C. reinhardtii, BAFJ5, which hyper-accumulates TAG, revealed that digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and diacylglycerol-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) turned into the main components of membrane lipids, accounting for 62% of the total polar lipids, under nitrogen deprivation combined with high light conditions. In addition, the membrane lipid molecules DGDG 18:3n3/16:0 and DGTS 16:0/18:3n6 were presumed to be involved in the consecutive integration of the de novo synthesized linolenates into TAG. Based on the stoichiometry calculation, DGDG and DGTS were demonstrated to provide a major contribution to the accumulation of linolenate-attached TAG. Our study gives insights into the potential PUFA-attached TAG formation pathway mediated by the turnover of de novo synthesized DGDG and DGTS in the starchless mutant of Chlamydomonas.
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Zhu C, Zhai X, Xi Y, Wang J, Kong F, Zhao Y, Chi Z. Efficient CO2 capture from the air for high microalgal biomass production by a bicarbonate Pool. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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53
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Huang X, Xiao Z, Kong F, Chen A, Perrone G, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang H. Diversity and ochratoxin A-fumonisin profile of black Aspergilli isolated from grapes in China. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus spp. are a common contaminant of grapes and a major source of mycotoxins. China is the largest producer of grape in the world now, however, the toxigenic Aspergillus population on grape in this country is still largely unknown. In this study, a total of 345 strains were isolated from grapes of 13 main grapevine producing regions in China. Based on calmodulin gene sequences, eight species within Aspergillus section Nigri were identified. Among them, Aspergillus tubingensis (48.7%) was predominant, followed by Aspergillus welwitschiae (20.6%) and Aspergillus aculeatinus (11%). Average of contamination level was up to 64.19%, and we found the occurrence of section Nigri species on the surface of fresh grapes was significantly influenced by the climate (P<0.05). The subtropical monsoon climate showed the highest fungal detection rate (72.45%), followed by the temperate monsoon climate (49.82%), and the lowest frequency was found in the temperate continental climate (37.23%). Regarding mycotoxin-producing capacity, 4.4% of the total tested section Nigri isolates (137) were positive for ochratoxin A (OTA) production and 59.6% were fumonisin B2 (FB2) producers. Of those, Aspergillus carbonarius was the main OTA producer and A. welwitschiae and Aspergillus niger were the main FB2 producers with different toxigenic ability. Our results highlight the potential risk of OTA and FB2 contamination by A. carbonarius and A. welwitschiae on grape in China, respectively; management strategies should be considered for preventing and reducing the toxigenic Aspergillus and its mycotoxins.
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Kong F, He S, Shen X, Li L, Fang J, Lian M. Integrated analysis of different mRNA and miRNA profiles in human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma sensitive and resistant to chemotherapy. Neoplasma 2020; 67:473-483. [PMID: 32064881 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2020_190320n249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify potential miRNAs and mRNAs involved in chemotherapy insensitivity in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms involved to provide diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for HSCC. We used microarrays to identify differences in both the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles between a group (twelve patients) sensitive to chemotherapy and a resistant group (nine patients). We then employed bioinformatics tools to examine the functions and pathways involved. The genes and miRNAs most related to chemotherapy sensitivity in HSCC were screened. Finally, a miRNA-mRNA-phenotype network was constructed with an integrated analysis based on the identified miRNAs and mRNAs. Nine differentially expressed miRNAs and one hundred differentially expressed mRNAs were identified, and the functions of these genes and miRNAs were predicted. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a regulatory network consisting of eight genes and two miRNAs that influenced HSCC chemosensitivity. According to our analysis, CCL4L1 may be a potential molecular marker for HSCC chemotherapy, and excess CCL4L1 leads to the upregulation of PRAME and the downregulation of miR-375, thus decreasing HSPB8 expression and promoting chemotherapy sensitivity. Our work provides reliable data for further studies investigating the mechanism of HSCC chemotherapy sensitivity.
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Zhang D, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu N, Kong F, Tian J, Sun J. Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of PM Ti43Al9V0.3Y with Fine Equiaxed γ and B2 Grain Microstructure. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040896. [PMID: 32079325 PMCID: PMC7078910 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of powder metallurgy (PM) Ti43Al9V0.3Y alloy with fine equiaxed γ and B2 grains were investigated using uniaxial hot compression. Its stress exponent and activation energy were 2.78 and 295.86 kJ/mol, respectively. The efficiency of power dissipation and instability parameters were evaluated, and processing maps at 50% and 80% strains were developed. It is demonstrated that the microstructure evolution was dependent on the temperature, strain, and strain rate. Both temperature and strain increases led to a decrease in the γ phase. Moreover, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and grain boundary slip both played important roles in deformation. Reasonable parameters for secondary hot working included temperatures above 1100 °C but below 1200 °C with a strain rate of less than 1 s−1 at 80% strain. Suitable hot working parameters at 50% strain were 1150–1200 °C/≤1 s−1 and 1000–1200 °C/≤0.05 s−1.
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Jang S, Kong F, Lee J, Choi BY, Wang P, Gao P, Yamano T, Fukuzawa H, Kang BH, Lee Y. CrABCA2 Facilitates Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under Nitrogen Starvation. Mol Cells 2020; 43:48-57. [PMID: 31910336 PMCID: PMC6999713 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates triacylglycerols (TAGs) in lipid droplets under stress conditions, such as nitrogen starvation. TAG biosynthesis occurs mainly at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and requires fatty acid (FA) substrates supplied from chloroplasts. How FAs are transferred from chloroplast to ER in microalgae was unknown. We previously reported that an Arabidopsis thaliana ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, AtABCA9, facilitates FA transport at the ER during seed development. Here we identified a gene homologous to AtABCA9 in the C. reinhardtii genome, which we named CrABCA2. Under nitrogen deprivation conditions, CrABCA2 expression was upregulated, and the CrABCA2 protein level also increased. CrABCA2 knockdown lines accumulated less TAGs and CrABCA2 overexpression lines accumulated more TAGs than their untransformed parental lines. Transmission electron microscopy showed that CrABCA2 was localized in swollen ER. These results suggest that CrABCA2 transports substrates for TAG biosynthesis to the ER during nitrogen starvation . Our study provides a potential tool for increasing lipid production in microalgae.
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Zhang D, Liu N, Chen Y, Zhang G, Tian J, Kong F, Xiao S, Sun J. Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of PM-Ti43Al9V0.3Y Alloy. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13010198. [PMID: 31906581 PMCID: PMC6982323 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy of microstructure design is introduced to improve the mechanical properties of TiAl alloys, fabricated by powder metallurgy. The gas atomization powder and as-HIPed (Hot isostatic pressing) TiAl are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The dispersed submicron precipitate in the microstructure is determined to be Y2O3. A microstructure with uniform fine grain is obtained. The room temperature strength and strain reach 793 MPa and 1.5%, respectively. The strength and strain at 700 °C are still as high as 664 MPa and 9.2%, respectively. The fine grain and precipitate lead to a high room-temperature plasticity.
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Shen Y, Meng Y, Tang X, Gu P, Yu C, Wang W, Kong F, Yang H. JCSE01.17 Modelling the Immunosuppressive Difference of SBRT and CRT by Simulating the Dose to Circulating Lymphocytes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lv D, Xu H, Meng Y, Wang W, Wu X, Kong F, Yang H. P1.01-90 Update Phase II Results of Early Primary Tumor Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Combined with First-Line EGFR-TKI in Advanced EGFR Mutated NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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60
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Wang X, Wang W, Meng Y, Zhou S, Kong F, Yang H. P1.03-17 Function of Antisense LncRNA RP11-539E17.5 and FAM83A-AS1 Up-Regulating FAM83A in Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumorigenesis and Development. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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61
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Meng Y, Hou L, Gu P, Wang W, Shen Y, Zhou S, Kong F, Yang H. P1.18-15 Dosimetric and Toxicity Benefits of Adaptive IMRT in Patients with Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hou L, Zhou C, Xu Y, Meng Y, Yu C, Kong F, Yang H. EP1.17-35 CBCT Radiomics May Predict Short-Term SBRT Effect in Early Stage Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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63
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Yu Y, Wang L, Fu P, Cao S, Wang W, Machtay M, Yu J, Kong F. P2.12-03 Building and Validating a Lymphocyte Nadir Based Model to Predict Survival in Patients with Limited Stage-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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64
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Tang X, Shen Y, Meng Y, Hou L, Zhou C, Yu C, Wang W, Yang H, Kong F. P1.14-40 EGFR-TKIs May Sensitize Radiation Lung Damage in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Based on Intensity Analyzing. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang H, Wang W, Lv D, Meng Y, Zhou S, Wu X, Kong F. P2.12-08 Surprisingly Promising Tumor Control Rate of S1 Combination with Anlotinib with Refractory Relapsed SCLC Who Failed ≥ 2 Lines Chemotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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66
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Shen Y, Meng Y, Tang X, Gu P, Yu C, Wang W, Kong F, Yang H. P1.04-69 Modelling the Immunosuppressive Difference of SBRT and CRT by Simulating the Dose to Circulating Lymphocytes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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67
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Xu Y, Ji W, Hou L, Zhou C, Wang W, Zhou S, Kong F, Yang H. OA06.07 Discrimination of Lung Invasive Adenocarcinoma with Micropapillary Pattern Based on CT Radiomics. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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68
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Torres-Romero I, Kong F, Légeret B, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y. Chlamydomonas cell cycle mutant crcdc5 over-accumulates starch and oil. Biochimie 2019; 169:54-61. [PMID: 31563539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of algal biomass for biofuel production requires improvements in both biomass productivity and its energy density. Green microalgae store starch and oil as two major forms of carbon reserves. Current strategies to increase the amount of carbon reserves often compromise algal growth. To better understand the cellular mechanisms connecting cell division to carbon storage, we examined starch and oil accumulation in two Chlamydomonas mutants deficient in a gene encoding a homolog of the Arabidopsis Cell Division Cycle 5 (CDC5), a MYB DNA binding protein known to be involved in cell cycle in higher plants. The two crcdc5 mutants (crcdc5-1 and crcdc5-2) were found to accumulate significantly higher amount of starch and oil than their corresponding parental lines. Flow cytometry analysis on synchronized cultures cultivated in a diurnal light/dark cycle revealed an abnormal division of the two mutants, characterized by a prolonged S/M phase, therefore demonstrating its implication in cell cycle in Chlamydomonas. Taken together, these results suggest that the energy saved by a slowdown in cell division is used for the synthesis of reserve compounds. This work highlights the importance in understanding the interplay between cell cycle and starch/oil homeostasis, which should have a critical impact on improving lipid/starch productivity.
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Kong F, Yamaoka Y, Ohama T, Lee Y, Li-Beisson Y. Molecular Genetic Tools and Emerging Synthetic Biology Strategies to Increase Cellular Oil Content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1184-1196. [PMID: 30715500 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae constitute a highly diverse group of eukaryotic and photosynthetic microorganisms that have developed extremely efficient systems for harvesting and transforming solar energy into energy-rich molecules such as lipids. Although microalgae are considered to be one of the most promising platforms for the sustainable production of liquid oil, the oil content of these organisms is naturally low, and algal oil production is currently not economically viable. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is an established algal model due to its fast growth, high transformation efficiency, and well-understood physiology and to the availability of detailed genome information and versatile molecular tools for this organism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of genetic manipulation tools for Chlamydomonas, from gene delivery methods to state-of-the-art genome-editing technologies and fluorescent dye-based high-throughput mutant screening approaches. Furthermore, we discuss practical strategies and toolkits that enhance transgene expression, such as choice of expression vector and background strain. We then provide examples of how advanced genetic tools have been used to increase oil content in Chlamydomonas. Collectively, the current literature indicates that microalgal oil content can be increased by overexpressing key enzymes that catalyze lipid biosynthesis, blocking lipid degradation, silencing metabolic pathways that compete with lipid biosynthesis and modulating redox state. The tools and knowledge generated through metabolic engineering studies should pave the way for developing a synthetic biological approach to enhance lipid productivity in microalgae.
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Cui N, Wu Q, Bi K, Xu T, Kong F. Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Novel β-Solidifying TiAl Alloy. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101672. [PMID: 31126013 PMCID: PMC6567203 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a novel β-solidifying Ti–43Al–2Cr–2Mn–0.2Y alloy was investigated. A fully lamellar (FL) microstructure with a colony size of about 100 μm was obtained by heat treatment at 1320 °C/10 min/furnace cooling (FC). A duplex (DP) microstructure with globular γ grains and γ/α2 lamellae was obtained by heat treatment at 1250 °C/4 h/FC. The residual hard–brittle β0 phase was also eliminated after heat treatment. The mechanical properties of the β-solidifying TiAl alloy depended closely on the heat treatment. The FL alloy had better fracture toughness, and the fracture toughness (KIC) value was 24.15 MPa·m1/2. The DP alloy exhibited better ductility, and the room temperature (RT) elongation of the alloy could reach 1%. The elongation of the alloy with different microstructures sharply increased when the temperature increased from 700 to 750 °C, indicating that the microstructure had no effect on the ductile–brittle transition temperature of the β-solidifying TiAl alloy. The fracture morphologies of different tensile specimens were observed. Interlamellar and translamellar fractures were the main fracture features of the FL alloy. Intergranular, translamellar, and interlamellar fractures were the main fracture features of the DP alloy.
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Yamaoka Y, Shin S, Choi BY, Kim H, Jang S, Kajikawa M, Yamano T, Kong F, Légeret B, Fukuzawa H, Li-Beisson Y, Lee Y. The bZIP1 Transcription Factor Regulates Lipid Remodeling and Contributes to ER Stress Management in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:1127-1140. [PMID: 30894460 PMCID: PMC6533020 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is caused by the stress-induced accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Here, we identified proteins and lipids that function downstream of the ER stress sensor INOSITOL-REQUIRING ENZYME1 (CrIRE1) that contributes to ER stress tolerance in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Treatment with the ER stress inducer tunicamycin resulted in the splicing of a 32-nucleotide fragment of a basic leucine zipper 1 (bZIP1) transcription factor (CrbZIP1) mRNA by CrIRE1 that, in turn, resulted in the loss of the transmembrane domain in CrbZIP1, and the translocation of CrbZIP1 from the ER to the nucleus. Mutants deficient in CrbZIP1 failed to induce the expression of the unfolded protein response genes and grew poorly under ER stress. Levels of diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and pinolenic acid (18:3Δ5,9,12) increased in the parental strains but decreased in the crbzip1 mutants under ER stress. A yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that CrbZIP1 activated the expression of enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of DGTS and pinolenic acid. Moreover, two lines harboring independent mutant alleles of Chlamydomonas desaturase (CrDES) failed to synthesize pinolenic acid and were more sensitive to ER stress than were their parental lines. Together, these results indicate that CrbZIP1 is a critical component of the ER stress response mediated by CrIRE1 in Chlamydomonas that acts via lipid remodeling.
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Cui N, Wu Q, Bi K, Wang J, Xu T, Kong F. Effect of Multi-Directional Forging on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of β-Solidifying TiAl Alloy. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091381. [PMID: 31035383 PMCID: PMC6540072 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the influence of multi-directional forging (MDF) on the microstructural evolution, hot deformation behavior, and tensile properties of a β-solidifying TiAl alloy. The initial lamellar microstructure of an as-cast alloy was remarkably refined and homogenized by three-step MDF. High temperatures and multi-pass deformations were conducive to the decomposition of lamellae. A crack-free billet was obtained through three-step MDF, with a deformation temperature of 1250 °C and a forging speed of 0.1 mm/s, indicating that MDF can be applied to β-solidifying TiAl alloys by the proper control of the alloy composition and process parameters. Microstructural observation showed that the billet mainly consists of fine and equiaxed γ grains and a small amount of β phase. The tensile properties of the multi-directional forged alloy were also significantly improved, due to microstructure refinement. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (δ) at room temperature were 689.4 MPa, and 0.83%, respectively. The alloy exhibits excellent ductility at 700 °C. When the temperature was increased to 700 °C, the UTS decreased to 556 MPa and δ increased to 5.98%, indicating that the alloy exhibits excellent ductility at 700 °C. As the temperature further increased to 750 °C, δ dramatically increased to 46.65%, indicating that the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the alloy is between 700 °C and 750 °C.
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Liang Y, Kong F, Torres-Romero I, Burlacot A, Cuine S, Légeret B, Billon E, Brotman Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism Impacts Triacylglycerol Homeostasis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1502-1514. [PMID: 30728273 PMCID: PMC6446750 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) starvation-induced triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, and its complex relationship with starch metabolism in algal cells, has been intensively studied; however, few studies have examined the interaction between amino acid metabolism and TAG biosynthesis. Here, via a forward genetic screen for TAG homeostasis, we isolated a Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) mutant (bkdE1α) that is deficient in the E1α subunit of the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex. Metabolomics analysis revealed a defect in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in bkdE1α Furthermore, this mutant accumulated 30% less TAG than the parental strain during N starvation and was compromised in TAG remobilization upon N resupply. Intriguingly, the rate of mitochondrial respiration was 20% to 35% lower in bkdE1α compared with the parental strains. Three additional knockout mutants of the other components of the BCKDH complex exhibited phenotypes similar to that of bkdE1α Transcriptional responses of BCKDH to different N status were consistent with its role in TAG homeostasis. Collectively, these results indicate that branched-chain amino acid catabolism contributes to TAG metabolism by providing carbon precursors and ATP, thus highlighting the complex interplay between distinct subcellular metabolisms for oil storage in green microalgae.
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Kong F, Wang J, Zhang C, Feng X, Zhang L, Zang H. Assessment of sexual activity and menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women using the Menopause Rating Scale. Climacteric 2019; 22:370-376. [PMID: 30612483 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1547702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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75
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Kong F, Qiao Y, Zhang C, Li R, Cheng T, Kong A, Shan Y. Bimetallic Ni–Co composites anchored on a wool ball-like carbon framework as high-efficiency bifunctional electrodes for rechargeable Zn–air batteries. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel hydrothermal–pyrolysis strategy is proposed to synthesize high-efficiency NiCo@N–C bi-functional electrocatalysts for oxygen transformation.
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