101
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Abstract
Presqualenyl-pyrophosphate (PSPP) was synthesized from farnesyl-pyrophosphate (FPP). The purified product could be transformed into a squalene in 90% yield. The structure of PSPP was established by the following experiments:1) PSPP displays a remarkably acid-labile phosphate-ester bond. Analogous to FPP it was possible to stabilize this bond by the addition of bromine. This indicates a structure of the allylester type.2) On acid hydrolysis PSPP splits off not only the pyrophosphate but also water. This may be best explained by the presence of a tertiary hydroxyl group in PSPP.3) The pyrophosphate group of PSPP could be split by prostatic phosphatase. In gas-liquid-chromatography the trimethyl-silylated product gave a single peak. From the mass spectra of this compound and of the corresponding alcohol the expected molecular weight of 426 could be verified for the latter.4) Determining the 3H/(14)C ratio in 1-(3)H(2)-4(14)C-FPP and in PSPP and squalene, synthesized from it, only three 3H-atoms could be detected in PSPP and in squalene.5) Ozonisation of PSPP, synthesized from 1-(14)C-FPP, gave radioactive malondialdehyde, which was characterised as azobenzene-malondialdehyde and 4-azobenzene-1-phenyl-pyrazole. The experimental results are in agreement with the following structure of 2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyl-n-tetracosa-2, 6, 11, 14, 18, 22-hexaen-10-yl-pyrophosphate for PSPP.
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102
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Apitz-Castro R, Rehn K, Lynen F. [Beta methylcrotonyl-CoA-carboxylase. Crystallization and some physical properties]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 16:71-9. [PMID: 5456131 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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103
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Schweizer E, Piccinini F, Duba C, Günther S, Ritter E, Lynen F. [Malonyl binding site of yeast fatty acid synthetase complex]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 15:483-99. [PMID: 4917102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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104
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Rétey J, von Stetten E, Coy U, Lynen F. A probable intermediate in the enzymic reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 15:72-6. [PMID: 4395214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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105
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Lynen F. [A new method of preparation of methylglutaconase from ox liver]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES. SERIE D: SCIENCES NATURELLES 1970; 270:3318-20. [PMID: 4988322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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106
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Hamprecht B, Lynen F. [Procedure to determine 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in rat liver]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 14:323-36. [PMID: 4394155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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107
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Dimroth P, Walter H, Lynen F. [Biosynthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 13:98-110. [PMID: 4392442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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108
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Pilz I, Herbst M, Kratky O, Oesterhelt D, Lynen F. [Small-angle x-ray scattering study of fatty acid synthetase from yeast]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 13:55-64. [PMID: 5439080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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109
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Jauch R, Riepertinger C, Lynen F. [Purification and properties of phosphofructokinase from yeast]. HOPPE-SEYLER'S ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE 1970; 351:74-80. [PMID: 4243865 DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1970.351.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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110
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Sumper M, Lynen F. [Dissociation and reconstitution of the stable multienzyme complex fatty acid synthetase from yeast]. HOPPE-SEYLER'S ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE 1969; 350:1161-2. [PMID: 5352315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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111
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Seyffert R, Dimroth P, Lynen F. [Multi-enzyme structure of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthetase from Penicillium patulum]. HOPPE-SEYLER'S ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE 1969; 350:1161. [PMID: 4390882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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112
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Sumper M, Riepertinger C, Lynen F. Dissociation and reconstitution of the stable multienzyme complex fatty acid synthetase from yeast. FEBS Lett 1969; 5:45-49. [PMID: 11947235 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(69)80289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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113
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Sumper M, Oesterhelt D, Riepertinger C, Lynen F. [Synthesis of various carboxylic acids by the fatty acid synthetase multienzyme complex of yeast and the explanation for their structure]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1969; 10:377-87. [PMID: 4390422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00701.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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114
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Back P, Hamprecht B, Lynen F. Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver: diurnal changes of activity and influence of bile acids. Arch Biochem Biophys 1969; 133:11-21. [PMID: 5810824 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(69)90482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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115
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Oesterhelt D, Bauer H, Lynen F. Crystallization of a multienzyme complex: fatty acid synthetase from yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 63:1377-82. [PMID: 5260941 PMCID: PMC223475 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.4.1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystallization of purified fatty acid synthetase from yeast is facilitated by seeding techniques. The first seed crystals appeared as particles with almost negligible enzymatic activity in a solution that had been left at 4 degrees C for 15 months. Subsequently, the crystallization time has been reduced to two days, and the crystals now isolated have retained their full enzymatic activity. The loss of synthetase activity that can result from prolonged exposure during crystallization is attributable specifically to damage of the enzyme component responsible for condensation activity. Crystalline synthetase is identical to purified but noncrystalline synthetase by all criteria so far examined.
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116
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Hamprecht B, Nüssler C, Lynen F. Rhythmic changes of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity in livers of fed and fasted rats. FEBS Lett 1969; 4:117-121. [PMID: 11947160 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(69)80210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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117
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Willecke K, Ritter E, Lynen F. Isolation of an acyl carrier protein component from the multienzyme complex of yeast fatty acid synthetase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1969; 8:503-9. [PMID: 5796138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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118
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Yalpani M, Willecke K, Lynen F. Triacetic acid lactone, a derailment product of fatty acid biosynthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1969; 8:495-502. [PMID: 4389576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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119
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Kutzelnigg W, Hoppe R, Stoll W, Horner L, Dewar MJS, Hofmann U, Ruschig H, M�llenstedt G, Lynen F, R�sse I, Jaenicke L, Autrum H, Kreutz W, Linskens HF, Reinert J, R�diger W, Claus D, Thenius E, Jacobs J, Wickler W, Keil K, M�ller G, L�st R, Krol GL, Senghas K, Els�sser H. Buchbesprechungen. Naturwissenschaften 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00601053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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120
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Young DL, Lynen F. Enzymatic regulation of 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol synthesis in states of altered lipid metabolism. J Biol Chem 1969; 244:377-83. [PMID: 5773302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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121
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Lynen F. [3] Yeast fatty acid synthase. Methods Enzymol 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(69)14005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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122
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Young DL, Lynen F. Enzymatic Regulation of 3-sn-Phosphatidylcholine and Triacylglycerol Synthesis in States of Altered Lipid Metabolism. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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123
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Lust G, Lynen F. The inhibition of the fatty acid synthetase multienzyme complex of yeast by long-chain acyl coenzyme A compounds. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1968; 7:68-72. [PMID: 4387714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb19575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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124
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Gehring U, Riepertinger C, Lynen F. [Purification and crystallization of thiolase; study of its action mechanism]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1968; 6:264-80. [PMID: 5725512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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125
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126
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Wells WW, Schultz J, Lynen F. Studies on the incorporation of 1-14C-pantothenate into the fatty acid synthetase complex of baker's yeast. BIOCHEMISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 1967; 346:474-90. [PMID: 6057653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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127
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Abstract
Abstract
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128
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Wells WW, Schultz J, Lynen F. Incorporation of C14-pantothenate into the fatty acid synthetase complex of growing baker's yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1966; 56:633-9. [PMID: 5229982 PMCID: PMC224419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.56.2.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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129
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Lynen F. [The biochemical basis of the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1966; 78:489-97. [PMID: 4296920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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130
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Schweizer E, Duba C, Chan W, Lynen F. [Mechanism of biosynthesis of fatty acids]. Minerva Pediatr 1966; 18:642-6. [PMID: 5943393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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131
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Rétey J, Coy U, Lynen F. On the mechanism of the coenzyme B-12 dependent isomerisation of (R)-methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1966; 22:274-7. [PMID: 5938921 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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132
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Arigoni D, Lynen F, Rétey J. Stereochemie der enzymatischen Carboxylierung von (2R)-2-3H-Propionyl-Coenzym A. Helv Chim Acta 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.660490136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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133
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Numa S, Ringelmann E, Lynen F. [On inhibition of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase by fatty acid-coenzyme A compounds]. BIOCHEMISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 1965; 343:243-57. [PMID: 5875764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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134
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Rétey J, Lynen F. [On the biochemical function of biotin. IX. The steric course in the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA]. BIOCHEMISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 1965; 342:256-71. [PMID: 5866982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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135
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Lane MD, Rominger K, Young DL, Lynen F. The Enzymatic Synthesis of Holotranscarboxylase from Apotranscarboxylase and (+)-Biotin. J Biol Chem 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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136
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Lane MD, Young DL, Lynen F. The Enzymatic Synthesis of Holotranscarboxylase from Apotranscarboxylase and (+)-Biotin. J Biol Chem 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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137
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138
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Henning U, Lynen F. Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, herausgeg. von H. U. Bergmeyer unter Mitarbeit von 115 Autoren; mit einem Geleitwort von Th. Bücher, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., Weinheim/Bergstr., 1962. 1. Aufl., XXII, 1065 S., 78 Abb., 41 Tab., 4 Farbtafeln, geb. DM 99.–. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1963. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19630750158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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139
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Henning U, Lynen F. Book Review: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse (Methods of Enzymatic Analysis) Edited by H. U. Bergmeyer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1963. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.196300521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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140
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Lynen F, Jaenicke L. Handbuch der physiologisch- und pathologisch-chemischen Analyse, für Ärzte, Biologen und Chemiker, von Hoppe-Seyler/Thierfelder. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg 1953–1960. 10. Aufl., herausgeg. von K. Lang und E. Lehnartz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1962. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19620740827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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141
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Lynen F. [60] Fatty acid synthesis from malonyl CoA. Methods Enzymol 1962. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(62)05256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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142
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143
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144
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Shuster C, Lynen F. The role of cofactors and enzyme-bound biotin in the CO2-pyruvate exchange reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1960. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(60)90043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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145
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146
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Lynen F, Agranoff BW, Eggerer H, Henning U, Möslein EM. γ,γ-Dimethyl-allyl-pyrophosphat und Geranyl-pyrophosphat, biologische Vorstufen des Squalens Zur Biosynthese der Terpene, VI1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1959. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19590712102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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147
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Lynen F, Knappe J, Lorch E, Jütting G, Ringelmann E. Die biochemische Funktion des Biotins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1959. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19590711503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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148
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Lynen F, Eggerer H, Henning U, Kessel I. Farnesyl-pyrophosphat und 3-Methyl-Δ3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphat, die biologischen Vorstufen des Squalens. Zur Biosynthese der Terpene, III. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1958. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19580702403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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149
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Seubert W, Greull G, Lynen F. Die Synthese der Fettsäuren mit gereinigten Enzymen des Fettsäurecyclus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1957. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19570691103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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150
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Schlossmann K, Lynen F. Biosynthese des Cysteins aus Serin und Schwefelwasserstoff. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1957. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19570690509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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