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Weinstein GS, Laccourreye O. Supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidepiglottopexy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994; 111:684-5. [PMID: 7970813 DOI: 10.1177/019459989411100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yousem DM, Montone KT, Sheppard LM, Rao VM, Weinstein GS, Hayden RE. Head and neck neoplasms: magnetization transfer analysis. Radiology 1994; 192:703-7. [PMID: 8058937 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.192.3.8058937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging enables analysis of the contribution of restricted motion protons in the macromolecular pool to magnetic resonance (MR) signal intensity. The authors undertook this study to determine whether MT ratios (MTRs) could be used to predict pathologic characteristics of head and neck neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four patients with pathologically proved neoplasms (squamous cell carcinomas, n = 33; non-squamous cell carcinomas, n = 11; benign masses, n = 10) underwent MT imaging. MTRs were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS No statistically significant correlations were noted between MTRs and degree of differentiation, keratinization, cells per high-power field, and rate of mitosis. Statistically significant differences were found between MTRs of malignancies and muscle (P < .01), cerebrospinal fluid (P < .001), fat (P < .001), and benign neoplasms (P < .001). MTRs of muscle were higher than those of benign, squamous cell, and non-squamous cell neoplasms. CONCLUSION MT imaging shows promise in differentiation of benign from malignant head and neck neoplasms. No statistically significant differences in MTRs were noted among malignancies.
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Weinstein GS. The blepharoplasty rotational flap. OPHTHALMIC SURGERY 1994; 25:646-8. [PMID: 7831015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with large benign upper eyelid lesions and dermatochalasis are optimally treated with excision of their lesions and a blepharoplasty. I have devised a myocutaneous flap to reconstruct defects created by excising upper eyelid lesions peripheral to the blepharoplasty incision lines. The flap is created from skin and muscle that would normally be excised during the blepharoplasty. This technique results in a well-defined upper eyelid crease, without eyelid retraction or epicanthal fold formation.
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Yousem DM, Schnall MD, Dougherty L, Weinstein GS, Hayden RE. Magnetization transfer imaging of the head and neck: normative data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994; 15:1117-21. [PMID: 8073981 PMCID: PMC8333450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine magnetization transfer ratios for normal head and neck structures so that evaluation of disease will be possible. METHODS Two-dimensional magnetization transfer imaging was performed in 12 healthy volunteers and 20 patients. We used a repetition time of 500, echo time of 12, 20 degrees flip angle, and a magnetization transfer pulse offset from the resonance frequency of water by 2000 Hz (pulse duration 19 milliseconds, waveform area approximately 10 times greater than that of a 90 degree pulse). Magnetization transfer ratios (1 - [intensity after suppression/intensity before suppression]) were calculated for normal structures. RESULTS The magnetization transfer ratio of facial muscles (0.54) was equivalent to that of tongue muscles (0.54). These values exceeded those of parotid (0.39) and submandibular glands (0.41). Fat (0.07) and cerebrospinal fluid (0.05) had negligible transfer. CONCLUSION Magnetization transfer imaging is a simple and effective means of studying the contribution of macromolecular protons to the MR image. Normal neck structures show a wide range of magnetization transfer rates, maximal for muscle and minimal for cerebrospinal fluid and fat.
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Weinstein GS, Harvey RT, Zimmer W, Ter S, Alavi A. Technetium-99m pertechnetate salivary gland imaging: its role in the diagnosis of Warthin's tumor. J Nucl Med 1994; 35:179-83. [PMID: 8271043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Weinstein GS, Myers BB. Eyelid retraction as a complication of an embedded hard contact lens. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 116:102-3. [PMID: 8328527 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Frodel JL, Marentette LJ, Quatela VC, Weinstein GS. Calvarial bone graft harvest. Techniques, considerations, and morbidity. ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY--HEAD & NECK SURGERY 1993; 119:17-23. [PMID: 8417739 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1993.01880130019002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The importance of calvarial bone grafting in craniomaxillofacial trauma and facial reconstructive surgery is now widely recognized. Numerous harvesting techniques have evolved to optimize the desired thickness, size, shape, and curvature for a particular reconstructive need. At the same time, donor site selection and morbidity must be considered. This report includes a discussion of several currently utilized calvarial bone graft harvesting techniques, with emphasis on minimizing complications and morbidity. Choice of optimal harvesting technique and donor site for specific reconstructive situations will likewise be discussed. Finally, the specific morbidity in our multi-institutional calvarial bone graft harvest series of 121 patients and over 350 grafts will be reviewed.
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Weinstein GS, Levin B. Intent-to-treat analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 103:815-7. [PMID: 1548927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rao PS, Liu XK, Das DK, Weinstein GS, Tyras DH. Protection of ischemic heart from reperfusion injury by myo-inositol hexaphosphate, a natural antioxidant. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 52:908-12. [PMID: 1929656 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(91)91254-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytic acid), a highly charged antioxidant, has been found to chelate metal ions such as iron and calcium and to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, .OH. This study examined the efficacy of this antioxidant and redox agent in attenuating myocardial reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with three different doses of phytic acid (group 1, saline solution only, control; group 2, 1.5 mg/100 g; group 3, 7.5 mg/100 g; group 4, 15 mg/100 g) 30 minutes before excision of hearts. Isolated hearts were prepared by the Langendorff technique. Global ischemia was induced for 30 minutes, followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. As expected, in group 1, reperfusion was associated with enhanced creatine kinase release, reduced coronary flow, poor recovery of ventricular function as evidenced by reduced left ventricular developed pressure and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure, and increased lipid peroxidation. Groups 3 and 4, but not group 2, demonstrated myocardial protection as evidenced by reduced creatine kinase release, improved left ventricular function and coronary flow, and decreased lipid peroxidation compared with the control group. These results suggest that potential use of this antioxidant in salvaging the heart from ischemic and reperfusion injury.
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Rao PS, Weinstein GS, Wilson DW, Rujikarn N, Tyras DH. Isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode-array detection method for determination of lysine- and arginine-vasopressins and oxytocin in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 1991; 536:137-42. [PMID: 2050761 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, isocratic, sensitive (1 ng), and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method based on photodiode-array detection (PAD) is described for simultaneous quantitation of the bioactive peptides, lysine vasopressin (LVP), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXY). Acidified pig plasma and left ventricular (LV) tissue samples were first extracted with Sep-Pak C18 columns, and the bioactive peptides were eluted with methanol, then dried at 37 degrees C and reconstituted with HPLC mobile phase. The bioactive peptides were separated by HPLC on a Dynamax 3009-A C8 column with a mobile phase of 0.1% trichloroacetic acid-50 mM heptanesulfonic acid-30mM triethylamine-20% acetonitrile in water, pH 2.5 and identified with a Waters 990-PAD system (spectrum index plots in the range 200-400 nm). Standards of LVP, AVP and OXY and their mixtures showed a linear increase in the range 5 to 100 ng and were eluted at 6.1, 6.9 and 4.6 min, respectively. Spectrum analysis showed a distinct absorption peak at 280 nm, corresponding to peptide bonds. The reproducibility of the method coefficient of variation for standards is 6.9, 5.8 and 4.7% for LVP, AVP and OXY, respectively. In plasma and tissue it is much higher: 12.9% (LV tissue) and 18.6% (plasma) for LVP. Pig plasma contains negligible amounts of AVP and OXY; LVP is much higher (0.28 +/- 0.19 ng/ml). In pig tissue, LVP predominates (6.95 ng/g wet weight) compared to AVP (1.45) and OXY (1.50). Spectral analysis is necessary to identify the bioactive peptide peaks among interfering substances and to increase the sensitivity four-fold. The method described here is useful for the simultaneous determination of LVP, AVP and OXY in the nanogram range and can be extended to picogram levels by employing PAD spectral analysis techniques.
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Weinstein GS, Levin B. Crossovers in coronary artery bypass grafting trials. Ann Thorac Surg 1990; 49:847-8. [PMID: 2339948 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(90)90046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Weinstein GS, May M. Anomaly of the hypoglossal nerve: embryologic, anatomic, and surgical considerations. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990; 99:304-6. [PMID: 2327701 DOI: 10.1177/000348949009900411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An anomaly of the hypoglossal nerve was discovered during a procedure to anastomose the 12th and 7th cranial nerves. This anomaly is described, and an embryologic mechanism is proposed to explain the occurrence of this particular anomaly. The surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve is reviewed, and reasonable approaches to the surgical identification of the hypoglossal nerve are discussed.
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Abstract
The effect of verapamil administered before aortic cross-clamping was assessed in 40 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Myocardial protection consisted of cold blood potassium cardioplegia, topical ice slush, and moderate (28 degrees C) systemic hypothermia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 (18 patients) received verapamil (0.1 mg/kg up to 10 mg) intravenously three to five minutes before aortic cross-clamping; group 2 (22 patients) did not (control). Myocardial injury was assessed by cumulative release of the cardiac-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) after release of the aortic cross-clamp. Release of CK-MB was significantly lower in the verapamil group (44.9 +/- 6.2 versus 72.2 +/- 9.0 IU at 24.5 hours, p = 0.005). Calculated total infarct size was also lower in the verapamil group (6.0 +/- 0.9 versus 8.9 +/- 1.0 g-Eq, p = 0.035). Individual CK-MB release curves showed either one or two peaks. The two-peak pattern was more frequent in control patients (18 of 21 control patients versus 6 of 18 verapamil patients, p = 0.001) and was associated with a larger infarct size. Atrioventricular pacing was not required in any verapamil patient, but was needed in 1 control patient. We conclude that verapamil administered before aortic cross-clamping protects against myocardial injury during coronary artery bypass grafting with no increase in the incidence of atrioventricular block.
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Weinstein GS, Conley JJ. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland: a review of surgical management with reference to the facial nerve. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989; 98:845-7. [PMID: 2554769 DOI: 10.1177/000348948909801102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review a large series of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland in order to develop clinical criteria for sacrifice versus selective sparing of the seventh nerve. We studied 43 patients followed over 36 years. Study patients were grouped according to the preoperative status and intraoperative management of the facial nerve. Criteria for choosing various management strategies are discussed.
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Weinstein GS, Maves MD, McCormack ML. Deferoxamine decreases necrosis in dorsally based pig skin flaps. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989; 101:559-61. [PMID: 2512535 DOI: 10.1177/019459988910100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deferoxamine, a free radical scavenger and iron chelator, has been shown to improve skin flap survival in ischemic flap surgery in rats. The present study investigates the value of deferoxamine in ischemic flap surgery in the porcine model. Four 4 x 12 cm flaps, 3 cm apart and 3 cm from the dorsal midline, were elevated on each of six female pigs, weighing 50 to 60 pounds each. The animals were divided into two test groups. Group 1 received six 1 gm doses of deferoxamine in 4 ml of sterile water intramuscularly every 6 hours preoperatively for five doses, followed by the administration of 1 g every 6 hours for the first 6 days postoperatively. Group 2 received 4 ml of normal saline administered intramuscularly as above. The percentage of flap necrosis was assessed on postoperative day 7 by the weighing paper technique. Group 1 had 17.1% necrosis and group 2 had 33% necrosis (p less than 0.005). Deferoxamine has decreased flap necrosis in the porcine model and may be of use in augmenting the surviving length of flaps in human beings.
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Isenberg HD, Tucci V, Cintron F, Singer C, Weinstein GS, Tyras DH. Single-source outbreak of Candida tropicalis complicating coronary bypass surgery. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:2426-8. [PMID: 2808667 PMCID: PMC267050 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.11.2426-2428.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis was isolated from the sternal wounds of eight coronary bypass patients from 18 to 89 days postoperatively; infections were limited to soft tissue in five patients but involved the sternum in three patients. Analysis of surgery records implicated one individual as the potential source of the yeast; this was confirmed by microbiological studies of fingertips and nasopharynx cultures of all personnel in contact with these patients. Only the suspect nurse, then acting as a scrub nurse and not as a circulator, infected the eight patients. Her removal from the cardiac team terminated the cluster outbreak.
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Abstract
Randomized studies involving long-term follow-up are vulnerable to the effects of unplanned crossover. In surgical studies, such crossover usually occurs when control patients become more symptomatic and undergo operation. In several large studies of coronary bypass grafting, crossover ranged from 25% to 38%. The most common way of dealing with this problem is to apply the "intention-to-treat" principle, which analyzes such crossovers with their originally assigned groups. Besides the logical problem of counting a control patient who actually undergoes operation as "nonsurgical," a more subtle problem arises in terms of statistical power. When statistical power is low, a truly effective treatment may be mistakenly labeled as no better than control, causing a potentially valuable form of therapy to be ignored or discarded. This analysis demonstrates that crossover may have a profound effect on the statistical power of randomized studies and presents a method for predicting the effect of such crossover on statistical power.
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Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass is widely believed to be injurious to renal function. The low incidence of renal dysfunction with modern techniques of bypass led us to reexamine this concept by monitoring urine output and creatinine clearance in 18 adult patients undergoing nonpulsatile, hemodilution cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting (12 patients) or valve procedures (6 patients). Samples were taken before, during (mean duration of bypass, 105 +/- 26 minutes [+/- standard deviation]), and every two hours after bypass for 24 hours. Urine output (42 +/- 37.7 mL/h) and creatinine clearance (57 +/- 40.4 mL/min) were surprisingly low in the period before cardiopulmonary bypass (all values normalized to a body surface area of 1.73 m2). Urine volumes rose to 305 +/- 149.6 mL/h and creatinine clearance to 252 +/- 176.9 mL/min during bypass and decreased to stable values after eight hours in the postoperative unit (urine output, approximately 60 mL/h, and creatinine clearance, approximately 75 mL/min). Renal dysfunction did not develop in any patient. Nine patients who required loop diuretics for low urine output 18 hours postoperatively had a sustained increase in both urine output and creatinine clearance lasting up to six hours. We conclude the following: modern techniques of cardiopulmonary bypass are not injurious to renal function; urine output and creatinine clearance are decreased before cardiopulmonary bypass, probably because of preoperative dehydration; and loop diuretics in the postoperative period increase both urine output and creatinine clearance for as long as six hours after administration.
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Weinstein GS. Identification of the levator aponeurosis in the correction of eyelid ptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988; 81:809-10. [PMID: 3362997 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198805000-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Weinstein GS. CASS and RA. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60:943-4. [PMID: 3661424 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)91075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Weinstein GS. Use of a dental mirror for postoperative eyelid examination. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1987; 105:747. [PMID: 3579697 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060060025016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Anderson RL, Weinstein GS. Full-thickness bipedicle flap for total lower eyelid reconstruction. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1987; 105:570-6. [PMID: 3566615 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060040140052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a technique for total lower eyelid reconstruction utilizing a full-thickness bipedicle flap from the upper eyelid. The levator aponeurosis and Müller's muscle are recessed to avoid upper eyelid retraction. The key to performing this operation is a thorough knowledge of eyelid anatomy and techniques for preserving its microvascular blood supply. The bipedicle flap requires meticulous surgical technique but has many advantages over standard types of total lower eyelid reconstruction, including the following: excellent tissue match and cosmesis are obtained with single-stage reconstruction; distal flaps and grafts are avoided; open palpebral fissure is maintained, resulting in rapid rehabilitation; posterior lamella of tarsus, rather than substitute, is utilized; anterior lamella of functional orbicularis is utilized for support and closure; pedicles suspend and support the eyelid, decreasing lower eyelid retraction, laxity, and ectropion; allows simultaneous reconstruction of canthal defects; and is faster than other forms of total lower eyelid reconstruction. The results of 14 total lower eyelid reconstructions are presented. Minor canthal deformities, the most frequent complication, are easily corrected. This technique should be considered as an alternative to other procedures in cases of total lower eyelid reconstruction.
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Weinstein GS, Zabetakis PM, Clavel A, Franzone A, Agrawal M, Gleim G, Michelis MF, Wallsh E. The renin-angiotensin system is not responsible for hypertension following coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 1987; 43:74-7. [PMID: 3541815 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)60170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic hypertension following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures has been reported to occur in 15% to 80% of cases. Previous reports have implicated the renin-angiotensin system as being responsible, at least in part, for this phenomenon. In this prospective study, 18 previously normotensive subjects were studied before, during, and after CABG. In 4 patients (22%), paroxysmal postoperative hypertension developed (systolic blood pressure greater than 150 mm Hg). There were no differences between the normotensive and hypertensive groups in plasma renin activity, angiotensin II level, or aldosterone level. Despite the trend toward elevation of these variables during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), all had returned to control levels within two hours after CPB, whether or not hypertension developed. Serum norepinephrine levels were elevated (.10 greater than p greater than .05) in the hypertensive group at the time hypertension developed. No other relationship or pattern could be defined to distinguish the hypertensive from the normotensive group. The renin-angiotensin system does not appear to be responsible for paroxysmal hypertension following CABG.
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