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Jackson H, Klein L, Wilkinson JF. The iron and copper contents and the haemopoietic activities of stomach and liver preparations. Biochem J 2006; 29:330-7. [PMID: 16745674 PMCID: PMC1266492 DOI: 10.1042/bj0290330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jackson H, Moore OJ. THE EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIETS ON THE REMAINING KIDNEY OF RATS. J Clin Invest 2006; 5:415-25. [PMID: 16693802 PMCID: PMC434720 DOI: 10.1172/jci100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sivaprasad S, Jackson H. Blood pressure control in type II diabetics with diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2006; 21:708-11. [PMID: 16498430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large clinical trials have emphasized that blood pressure control provides a major clinical benefit in reducing the risk of blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS This audit was carried out to assess the quality of care for hypertension in 100 consecutive type II diabetics with diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS The target blood pressure of 140/80 mmHg was achieved only in 38% of the patients. We also observed that 65% of the patients requiring diabetic macular laser treatment in this cohort had suboptimal control. The factors associated with suboptimal blood pressure control are identified and discussed. CONCLUSION Despite the unequivocal fact that lowering BP significantly reduces morbidity and mortality in diabetics, the majority of patients are not treated to a goal BP.
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Sivaprasad S, Hammond CJ, Jackson H. Photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2005; 19:1027-8. [PMID: 15467697 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sivaprasad S, Membrey WL, Sivagnanavel V, Gonzalez JG, Liu DTL, Chan WM, Lam DSC, Jackson H, Chong NV. Second eye of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Caucasians vs Chinese. Eye (Lond) 2005; 20:923-6. [PMID: 16123783 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between morphological features of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the first eye and the severity of age-related maculopathy (ARM) in the fellow eyes in two racial groups: Caucasians and Chinese. PARTICIPANTS A total of 135, fluorescein angiograms of patients with unilateral neovascular AMD and ARM in the fellow eyes were included in the study: 38 Caucasians from King's College Hospital, UK; 45 Caucasians from West Kent Eye Centre, UK; 52 Chinese from Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CNV subtype in the affected eye and ARM severity in the second eyes. RESULTS Although the proportion of CNV subtypes in the three groups were similar, the Chinese cohort showed significantly less ARM severity compared to the Caucasian cohorts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although drusen and retinal pigmentary changes may be prognostic indicators of CNV, this study suggest that other factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of CNV in AMD.
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Cebon JS, Davis ID, Barrow C, Jackson H, Hopkins W, Miloradovic L, Parente P, Green S, Hoffman E, Chen W. Quantitation of immune responses against the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 following vaccination with protein with and without ISCOMATRIX adjuvant. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Francis PJ, Jackson H, Stanford MR, Graham EM. Inflammatory optic neuropathy as the presenting feature of herpes simplex acute retinal necrosis. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:512-4. [PMID: 12642331 PMCID: PMC1771593 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.4.512-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jackson H, Udwin M, Mouli VC. Income generation: a note of caution. GLOBAL AIDSNEWS : THE NEWSLETTER OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GLOBAL PROGRAMME ON AIDS 2002:10-2. [PMID: 12346039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Weckel K, Jackson H, Harman R, Steenbock H. Milk: Effect of Different Sources of Radiant Energy on Flavor and Antirachitic Potency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ie50318a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Evans D, Hallwood KS, Cashin CH, Jackson H. Substituted Anilinopyridine Carboxylic Acids with Antiinflammatory Activity. J Med Chem 2002; 10:428-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm00315a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jackson H, Manchester D. Towards the development of brain injury specialists. NeuroRehabilitation 2001; 16:27-40. [PMID: 11455101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Brain injury presents a hugely complex, and sometimes daunting arena for the rehabilitation professional. With disruption to a person's core sense of self being almost the sine qua non of brain injury, rehabilitation can cover physical, psychological, social, philosophical and psychiatric realms. Those with brain injury can also be amongst the most vulnerable people in our society. Their rehabilitation has profound implications socio-politically, both in how we seek to understand disturbance in others, and also how we strive to ameliorate it. Whilst both theory and practice have grown exponentially over the last two decades, there is still no formal training or qualification within the brain injury rehabilitation field. This paper discusses the need for such formal training at both a theoretical and practical level not only for clinicians but also for front line staff, families and primary care services. The difficulties inherent in providing co-ordinated and structured training in such a complex area are discussed, and finally a model that attempts to meet user needs is outlined.
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Jackson H, Garway-Heath D, Rosen P, Bird AC, Tuft SJ. Outcome of cataract surgery in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; 85:936-8. [PMID: 11466249 PMCID: PMC1724090 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.85.8.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the visual benefit of cataract extraction in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and to identify risk factors for poor outcome. METHODS A retrospective analysis was undertaken of a continuous series of 142 eyes of 89 patients with retinitis pigmentosa undergoing cataract surgery between 1985 and 1997. RESULTS Mean age at surgery was 47.5 years (range 24-81 years). In 100 eyes there was posterior subcapsular lens opacity alone, 37 eyes also had moderate nuclear sclerosis, and five had only nuclear sclerosis. All patients had central visual fields of <10 degrees. Overall, mean visual acuity improved from 1.05 (SD 0.38) preoperatively to 0.63 (SD 0.49) postoperatively on the logMAR scale. Significant postoperative capsular opacification occurred in 88/139 eyes (63%) and 45.1% required capsulotomy. Anterior capsulotomy was undertaken in 5/52 (9.6%) eyes undergoing phacoemulsification. Postoperative macular oedema was noted in 20 (14%) eyes. Visual acuity improved in 109 eyes (77%), was unchanged in 29 eyes (20.5%), and worsened after surgery in four eyes (2.5%). 86/89 patients reported major improvement of visual function. CONCLUSIONS Cataract surgery for relatively minor lens opacities is beneficial in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, and most report subjective improvement of visual symptoms. The incidence of capsular opacification is high and anterior capsular contraction may occur. The number of eyes with poor vision due to macular oedema was unexpectedly low.
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Monteiro-Riviere NA, Inman AO, Jackson H, Dunn B, Dimond S. Efficacy of topical phenol decontamination strategies on severity of acute phenol chemical burns and dermal absorption: in vitro and in vivo studies in pig skin. Toxicol Ind Health 2001; 17:95-104. [PMID: 12479505 DOI: 10.1191/0748233701th095oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pure phenol is colorless and used in the manufacture of phenolic resins, plastics, explosives, fertilizers, paints, rubber, textiles, adhesives, pharmaceuticals, paper, soap, and wood preservatives. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of several phenol decontamination strategies following dermal exposure using the pig as a model for human exposure, and then assess the effect of the two best treatments on phenol absorption in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF). Six anesthetized Yorkshire pigs were exposed to 89% aqueous phenol for 1 min using Hilltop chambers (10 skin sites/pig; 400 microl/site). Exposure to phenol was followed by one of 10 different decontamination procedures: 1-, 5-, 15-, and 30-min water wash; Ivory soap solution; polyethylene glycol (PEG 400); PEG 400/industrial methylated spirits (IMS); PEG 400/ethanol (EtOH); polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/70% isopropanol (IPA); and 70% IPA. For each of the last five strategies, 1-min treatment washes were repeatedly alternated with 1-min water washes for a total of 15 min. Evaluation was based on scoring of erythema, edema, and histological parameters such as intracellular and intercellular epidermal edema, papillary dermal edema, perivascular infiltrates, pyknotic stratum basale cells, and epidermal-dermal separation. It was concluded that PEG 400 and 70% IPA were superior to the other treatments investigated and equally efficacious in the reduction of phenol-induced skin damage. In addition, phenol absorption was assessed utilizing the two most effective in vivo treatments in the IPPSF. The assessment of percutaneous absorption of phenol found the PEG 400, 70% IPA, and 15-min water treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced phenol absorption relative to no treatment.
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Judd FK, Jackson H, Davis J, Cockram A, Komiti A, Allen N, Murray G, Kyrios M, Hodgins G. Improving access for rural Australians to treatment for anxiety and depression: The University of Melbourne Depression and Anxiety Research and Treatment Group-Bendigo Health Care Group initiative. Aust J Rural Health 2001; 9:91-6. [PMID: 11259963 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1584.2001.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rural Australians have limited access to care for mental health problems. We describe a collaboration between the University of Melbourne Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and a rural Area Mental Health Service to provide a specialist anxiety and depression treatment service in rural Victoria. The clinical service and the education and training approach are described.
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Jackson H, McGorry P, Henry L, Edwards J, Hulbert C, Harrigan S, Dudgeon P, Francey S, Maude D, Cocks J, Power P. Cognitively oriented psychotherapy for early psychosis (COPE): a 1-year follow-up. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2001; 40:57-70. [PMID: 11317949 DOI: 10.1348/014466501163481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitively oriented psychotherapy for early psychosis (COPE) is aimed at facilitating the adjustment of the person, and at preventing or alleviating secondary morbidity in the wake of the first psychotic episode. DESIGN A total of 80 people participated in the initial trial and completed assessments on a range of outcome measures. Post-treatment assessment results from a non-randomized controlled trial of COPE have been previously reported. The present paper describes the results obtained from 51 patients who attended a follow-up assessment 1 year subsequent to the end-of-treatment assessment. METHOD The 51 patients formed three groups: (1) those who were offered and accepted COPE; (2) those who were offered COPE but refused it, and continued to receive other services from the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) (refusal subjects); and (3) those who were offered neither COPE nor any other continuing treatment from EPPIC (control subjects). RESULTS At 1-year follow-up, there was only one significant difference and this was between the COPE and refusal groups on the Integration/Sealing Over (I/SO) measure (p = .008). End-of-treatment differences were mostly sustained over the 1-year follow-up period. When the complete sample of 80 was considered, there were no differences between the three groups in terms of hospital admissions, community episodes, or time taken to first in-patient re-admission. CONCLUSIONS The study was weakened by the poor follow-up rates in the two control groups. This reduced power to detect differences between groups on the seven major measures. However, the relapse data gathered on the complete set of 80 patients were discouraging and suggest that the present formulation of COPE does not confer any advantage to those patients receiving the therapy over those not receiving the therapy.
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Volmer J, Abbott D, Anklin H, Armstrong C, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Baker OK, Blok HP, Bochna C, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chant N, Dunne J, Eden T, Ent R, Gaskell D, Gilman R, Gustafsson K, Hinton W, Huber GM, Jackson H, Jones MK, Keppel C, Kim PH, Kim W, Klein A, Koltenuk D, Liang M, Lolos GJ, Lung A, Mack DJ, McKee D, Meekins D, Mitchell J, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Pitz D, Potterveld D, Qin LM, Reinhold J, Shin IK, Stepanyan S, Tadevosyan V, Tang LG, van der Meer RL, Vansyoc K, Van Westrum D, Vulcan W, Wood S, Yan C, Zhao WX, Zihlmann B. Measurement of the charged pion electromagnetic form factor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:1713-1716. [PMID: 11290230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Separated longitudinal and transverse structure functions for the reaction 1H(e,e(')pi(+))n were measured in the momentum transfer region Q2 = 0.6--1.6 (GeV/c)(2) at a value of the invariant mass W = 1.95 GeV. New values for the pion charge form factor were extracted from the longitudinal cross section by using a recently developed Regge model. The results indicate that the pion form factor in this region is larger than previously assumed and is consistent with a monopole parametrization fitted to very low Q2 elastic data.
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Gunn TR, Thompson JM, Jackson H, McKnight S, Buckthought G, Gunn AJ. Does early hospital discharge with home support of families with preterm infants affect breastfeeding success? A randomized trial. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:1358-63. [PMID: 11106050 DOI: 10.1080/080352500300002570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the present study was to determine if earlier discharge of preterm infants (<37 wk) from hospital is safe and if it affects breastfeeding rates. In a pilot observational study, premature infants received full oral (sucking) feeds for a mean (SD) 7.7 +/- 7.9 d before discharge. In the main study, 308 preterm infants were randomly assigned to either Early Discharge (148 infants) when fully orally fed but not yet gaining weight or Routine Discharge (160 infants) when fully orally fed and also gaining weight before discharge. A further 122 mothers declined randomization. The Early Discharge group was followed by Visiting Nurse Specialists who were available 24 h a day, while the Routine group was followed by the Home Care Nurses available on week days. There were no significant differences between the groups in birthweight or gestational age. The Early Discharge group were discharged 2.5 +/- 2 d after full oral feeding compared to 4.4 +/- 2.7 d for the Routine group (p < 0.001) and 6.1 +/- 5 d for those who declined. However, there was no significant difference between the Early and Routine groups for breastfeeding either at discharge (80 vs 83%), or 6 wk (55 vs 60%) or 6 mo after discharge (36 vs 36%), or for weight gain, or rates of re-hospitalization (8.8% vs 11.9% at 6 wk, p = 0.37). CONCLUSION Early discharge from hospital once a preterm infant can take full oral feeds does not alter later breastfeeding rates when adequate visiting nursing support is available.
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Jackson H, Jackson NC. Spleen-targeted 114In(m) via normal and heat-damaged red cells in the mouse: isotope distribution and bone marrow damage. Nucl Med Commun 2000; 21:839-43. [PMID: 11065158 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200009000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
114In(m)-labelled heat-damaged erythrocytes (HDRBC) in BDF1 mice were quantitatively much less successful in spleen targeting than in the rat. Unheated labelled cells (NRBC) were an even less effective vector. Radiobiological effects manifest in the spleen (weight loss) and white cell count were nevertheless substantial, comparable in both groups and unchanged after 14 days. Considerable early renal loss of indium is inferred in the NRBC animals, but in the HDRBC group a high proportion was retained in the liver. Progenitor cell marrow cultures indicated acute transitory lethal effects with only partial recovery at termination; the marrow concentration of indium was the same in both groups.
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Hayden FG, Jennings L, Robson R, Schiff G, Jackson H, Rana B, McClelland G, Ipe D, Roberts N, Ward P. Oral oseltamivir in human experimental influenza B infection. Antivir Ther 2000; 5:205-13. [PMID: 11075941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Oseltamivir is the prodrug of Ro64-0802 (GS4071), a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases. Three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluated oral oseltamivir for early treatment (75 or 150 mg twice daily for 5 days) or prevention (75 mg once or twice daily for 7 days) of experimental influenza B virus infection in healthy susceptible adults. Treatment study A (n=60) demonstrated similar trends to treatment study B (n=117), in which 75 mg doses of oseltamivir introduced 24 h after inoculation reduced median area under curve (AUC) virus titre (oseltamivir, 22.7; placebo, 131.1 log10 TCID50 x h/ml; P=0.002) and duration of viral shedding (oseltamivir, 23.9 h; placebo, 95.8 h; P=0.0005). In prevention study C (n=58), oseltamivir did not reduce infection rates (85 versus 84%) but significantly reduced median AUC virus titre (10.0 versus 66.9 log10 TCID50 x h/ml; P=0.03) and duration of viral shedding (36 versus 84 h; P=0.03) compared with placebo. Oseltamivir was well tolerated. No emergence of drug-resistant variants was detected by testing last-day isolates (n=112) in neuraminidase inhibition assays. These results indicate that oseltamivir has significant antiviral activity in experimental human influenza B virus infection when used for prophylaxis or early treatment.
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Saleh HA, Jackson H, Banerjee M. Immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins: correlation with Ki67 proliferation index and prognostic histopathologic parameters in colorectal neoplasia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2000; 8:175-82. [PMID: 10981868 DOI: 10.1097/00129039-200009000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bcl-2 oncogene plays an important role in carcinogenesis by inhibiting cell death (apoptosis). It was initially discovered in follicular B cell lymphoma with t(14,18) and subsequently found in other malignant and premalignant lesions. Alteration of the normal controls of cell proliferation is also a significant factor in the multistep process of tumorigenesis. The proliferative activity of a given lesion is commonly evaluated by MIB 1, a monoclonal antibody to Ki67 proliferation antigen. Mutation of the p53 gene is considered the most common genetic aberration in colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining expression of bcl-2, Ki67, and p53 was retrospectively investigated in a series of 52 colorectal carcinomas and 56 adenomas. The aim of the study was twofold: (i) to investigate any correlation between MIB 1, p53, and bcl-2 immunostaining expression in colonic adenomas and carcinomas and (ii) to identify any relation between these markers and several histopathologic parameters including tumor size, pathologic stage, lymph node metastasis, angiolymphatic invasion, tumor grade, and differentiation in colon carcinomas. bcl-2 was consistently higher in adenomas than in carcinomas. There were 44 of 56 (78.6%) adenomas and 27 of 52 (51.9%) carcinomas positive for bcl-2 (P = 0.004). The mean Ki67 labeling index (LI) was 30.05 +/- 7.6 and 38.12 +/- 11.01 in adenomas and carcinomas, respectively (P = 0.0001). p53 was significantly higher in carcinomas (35 of 52 [67.3%]) than in adenomas (18 of 56 [32.1%]) (P = 0.0004). Expression of bcl-2 in carcinoma was associated with a lower p53 levels and lower mean Ki67 LI and with favorable histopathologic parameters. Higher p53 and Ki67 values were associated with prognostically poor histopathologic features (differentiation and Duke's stage). We conclude that, in contrast to p53 and Ki67, bcl-2 oncoprotein expression is probably an early step in the process of colon carcinogenesis, and its expression may be associated with favorable pathologic parameters. Furthermore, an inverse relation exists between p53 and Ki67, and bcl-2 IHC expression in colonic neoplasia. Evaluation of bcl-2, p53, and Ki67 IHC expression in colonic carcinoma may be of value in predicting the clinical course in these patients.
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Williams SM, Addy JH, Phillips JA, Dai M, Kpodonu J, Afful J, Jackson H, Joseph K, Eason F, Murray MM, Epperson P, Aduonum A, Wong LJ, Jose PA, Felder RA. Combinations of variations in multiple genes are associated with hypertension. Hypertension 2000; 36:2-6. [PMID: 10904004 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The genetic analysis of hypertension has revealed complex and inconsistent results, making it difficult to draw clear conclusions regarding the impact of specific genes on blood pressure regulation in diverse human populations. Some of the confusion from previous studies is probably due to undetected gene-gene interactions. Instead of focusing on the effects of single genes on hypertension, we examined the effects of interactions of alleles at 4 candidate loci. Three of the loci are in the renin-angiotensin-system, angiotensinogen, ACE, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and they have been associated with hypertension in at least 1 previous study. The fourth locus studied is a previously undescribed locus, named FJ. In total, 7 polymorphic sites at these loci were analyzed for their association with hypertension in 51 normotensive and 126 hypertensive age-matched individuals. There were no significant differences between the 2 phenotypic classes with respect to either allele or genotype frequencies. However, when we tested for nonallelic associations (linkage disequilibrium), we found that of the 120 multilocus comparisons, 16 deviated significantly from random in the hypertensive class, but there were no significant deviations in the normotensive group. These findings suggest that genetic interactions between multiple loci rather than variants of a single gene underlie the genetic basis of hypertension in our study subjects. We hypothesize that such interactions may account for the inconsistent findings in previous studies because, unlike our study, prior studies almost always examined single-locus effects and did not consider the effects of variation at other potentially interacting loci.
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Saleh HA, Jackson H, Khatib G, Banerjee M. Correlation of bcl-2 oncoprotein immunohistochemical expression with proliferation index and histopathologic parameters in colorectal neoplasia. Pathol Oncol Res 2000; 5:273-9. [PMID: 10607921 DOI: 10.1053/paor.1999.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thebcl-2oncogene plays an important role in carcinogenesis by inhibiting cell death (apoptosis). It was initially discovered in follicular B cell lymphoma with t(14,18), and subsequently found in other malignant and premalignant lesions. Alteration of the normal controls of cell proliferation is also a significant factor in the multistep process of tumorigenesis. The proliferative activity of a given lesion is commonly valuated by MIB1, a monoclonal antibody to Ki67 proliferation antigen. Immuno-histochemical (IHC) staining expression of bcl-2 and Ki67 was retrospectively investigated in a series of 52 colorectal carcinomas and 56 adenomas according to the avidin-biotin-complex method. The aim of the study was twofold: 1) to investigate any correlation between MIB1 and bcl-2 immunostaining expression in colonic adenomas and carcinomas, 2) to identify any relationship between either marker and several histopathologic parameters including tumor size, pathologic stage, lymph node metastasis, angio-lymphatic invasion, tumor grade and differentiation in colon carcinomas. Bcl-2 was consistently higher in adenomas than in carcinomas. There were 44/56 (78.6%) adenomas, and 27/52 (51.9%) carcinomas positive for bcl-2 (p=0.004). The mean Ki67 labeling index (LI) was 30.05+/-7.6 and 38.12+/-11.01 in adenomas and carcinomas, respectively (p=0.0001). Expression of bcl-2 in carcinoma was significantly associated with a lower mean Ki67 LI and with favorable histopathologic parameters. We conclude that bcl-2 oncoprotein expression is probably an early step in the process of colon carcinogenesis, and its expression may be associated with a favorable clinical course. Furthermore, an inverse relationship exists between bcl-2 and Ki67 in colonic neoplasia. Evaluation of bcl-2 and Ki67 IHC expression in colonic carcinoma should be performed prospectively to determine if their expression is of value in predicting the clinical course in these patients.
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Jeffery DR, Absher J, Pfeiffer FE, Jackson H. Cortical deficits in multiple sclerosis on the basis of subcortical lesions. Mult Scler 2000; 6:50-5. [PMID: 10694846 DOI: 10.1177/135245850000600110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from multiple sclerosis have a high frequency of cognitive deficits usually attributable to demyelination and axonal loss in the subcortical white matter. Neurologic abnormalities referable to cortical function are uncommon but have been described. The present study describes three patients with clinically definite MS with deficits in cognitive function referable to cortical location. Two of the patients underwent positron emission tomography and showed profound cortical hypometabolism adjacent to subcortical white matter lesions seen on MRI. This paper points out that neurologic deficits referable to cortical sites may be caused by subcortical white matter lesions and that cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS may progress rapidly in the absence of motoria deficits or other evidence of clinical deterioration. Multiple Sclerosis (2000) 6 50 - 55
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Chen Q, Jackson H, Cebon J, Gibbs P, Davis ID, Trapani JA. A direct comparison of cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses to Melan-A peptides in vitro: differential immunogenicity of Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35. Melanoma Res 2000; 10:16-25. [PMID: 10711636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study we directly compared the in vitro responses of T-cells from normal donors and melanoma patients to Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35. These peptides have been previously used in peptide-based vaccination studies. Following three stimulations with peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells in vitro, Melan-A-specific cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) were generated from seven of 20 subjects; two of the seven subjects responded reproducibly to both Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35, three to only Melan-A27-35 and two to only Melan-A26-35. However, CTLs generated with either Melan-A27-35 or Melan-A26-35 showed cross recognition, and both types of CTL could recognize naturally processed antigen displayed on HLA-A2+ tumour cells. Furthermore, Melan-A-specific CTLs could also be generated by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous melanoma cells. Our results suggest that some subjects may have a bias in their CTL repertoire which favours the generation of Melan-A27-35 specific CTLs, while others may favour Melan-A26-35 specific CTLs. It is also likely that CTL precursors capable of detecting both peptides may have different affinities to the two Melan-A peptides. Since it is difficult to predict the CTL responses to Melan-A peptide in a given individual, we suggest vaccinating with both Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35 peptides in clinical trials.
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