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Pateman K, Cockburn N, Campbell J, Ford PJ. How do Australians living with MS experience oral health and accessing dental care? A focus group study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 45:84-91. [PMID: 27681479 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect oral care and access to dental services, but there is limited literature describing the oral health and perceived oral healthcare needs of people with MS. This study aimed to explore the oral health experiences, oral health behaviours and barriers to accessing dental care perceived by people living with MS in Australia. METHODS Six focus groups were held across two metropolitan areas (Brisbane, Queensland and Melbourne, Victoria) and one regional area (Toowoomba, Queensland). Focus group data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Living with MS was a highly individual experience due to the range of symptoms that may be experienced. In addition to having different symptom experiences to others with MS, individual symptoms also differed on a daily basis as the disease relapsed and remitted. The physical expressions of MS directly and indirectly affected the oral health of participants. Additionally, oral health was affected by the side effects of medications and orofacial pain symptoms. Depending on the symptoms experienced by the individual, personal oral hygiene was affected and professional dental appointments were difficult. Participants also experienced structural barriers to accessing professional dental care including difficulty accessing transport to-and-from dental appointments, space limitations in the dental surgery and financial barriers to care. DISCUSSION Dental care was perceived to be inflexible and was not tailored to individual experiences of MS, which contributed to perceptions of poor quality and appropriateness of care. It is important for dental professionals to offer tailored and individualized dental care when treating people with MS. Our findings suggest that there needs to be greater interprofessional communication and referral to manage atypical dental pain symptoms. Oral health education for people with MS should include altered strategies to performing daily oral hygiene, the management of xerostomia and advice regarding low cariogenic diets suitable for dysphagia. Additionally, policy and strategies to improve the oral health of people with MS should focus on enhancing access through transport, reducing the cost of dental services to the individual and providing domiciliary oral health care.
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Canguven O, Talib RA, Campbell J, De Young L, El Ansari W, Al-Ansari A. Is the daily use of vacuum erection device for a month before penile prosthesis implantation beneficial? a randomized controlled trial. Andrology 2016; 5:103-106. [PMID: 27654466 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patient concerns about penile length after penile prosthesis (PP) implantation for erectile dysfunction (ED) have significant impact on patients and their partners. In addition, corporal fibrosis is associated with difficult PP implantation. The preoperative use of vacuum erectile devices (VED) is an uncommon physical treatment for such concerns. Therefore, the current randomized controlled study assessed two outcomes: whether pre-operative VED use for a month before surgery would significantly increase flaccid stretched penile length (SPL) on the day of surgery, and facilitate easier corporal dilatation intraoperatively. Fifty-one patients scheduled for PP implantation for ED were randomized to either intervention group (pre-operative VED use; 10-15 min/day for ≥30 days; Group A; n = 25), or control group (no intervention; Group B; n = 26). A research assistant (blinded to the treatment assignments) recorded SPL at baseline (initial consultation) and on day of surgery. The surgeons performing the PP implantation (also blinded to the treatment assignments) provided subjective assessments of the ease of corporal dilatation. Baseline patient characteristics, demographics, and comorbidities were the same in both groups. Baseline measurements (SPL-1) were 10.71 ± 1.28 and 10.87 ± 1.26 cm in Group A and Group B, respectively; and the day of surgery measurements (SPL-2) were 11.50 ± 1.33 and 11.06 ± 1.34 cm in Group A and Group B, respectively. In terms of outcomes: mean SPL increase in Group A was significantly more by a mean of 0.80 ± 0.38 cm (p < 0.05) compared to Group B; and surgeons' subjective report of surgical ease indicated smoother corporal dilatation for Group A compared to Group B. VED use (10-15 min/day during the month prior to PP implantation) was associated with significantly increased SPL on day of surgery, and facilitated easier corporal dilatation intraoperatively. Future studies should examine the long-term outcomes of penile prosthesis implantation after pre-operative use of vacuum erectile devices.
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THOMAS D, Clark C, Llewellyn D, Ferrucci L, Campbell J. [PP.17.08] INTER-ARM BLOOD PRESSURE DIFFERENCE AND RISKS OF COGNITIVE DECLINE. A 9-YEAR PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY OF OLDER ADULTS. J Hypertens 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000491978.86523.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Campbell J, Rashid W, Cercignani M, Langdon D. Cognitive impairment among patients with multiple sclerosis: associations with employment and quality of life. Postgrad Med J 2016; 93:143-147. [PMID: 27512050 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and conventional measures of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), quality of life (QOL) and employment status using the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) in the routine outpatient clinic. METHODS 62 patients with MS were assessed on the BICAMS test battery for cognitive impairment. Data were obtained on employment status and a number of questionnaires completed including fatigue severity score, multiple sclerosis neuropsychological questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis (FAMS) as well as on the EuroQOL five dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). Other assessments include the patient activation measure and unidimensional self-efficacy scale for multiple sclerosis. RESULTS Cognitive assessment revealed 44 subjects (65%) had evidence of cognitive impairment on formal testing. In comparison with patients without evidence of cognitive impairment, cognitively impaired patients exhibited significantly higher rates of unemployment (p=0.009). The symbol digits modalities test was the most significant predictor of unemployment. Cognitive impairment was associated with lower QOL scores on the FAMS (p=0.001) and EQ-5D (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS BICAMS provides a sensitive and easy to administer screening test for cognitive impairment within the outpatient setting. Cognitive impairment is common in our cohort of patients with MS attending outpatients and appears to be associated with increased rates of unemployment and lower measures of QOL.
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Campbell J, Dean J, Clyne TW. Limit case analysis of the "stable indenter velocity" method for obtaining creep stress exponents from constant load indentation creep tests. MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS 2016; 21:31-43. [PMID: 30174543 PMCID: PMC6110200 DOI: 10.1007/s11043-016-9316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns a commonly-used procedure for evaluating the steady state creep stress exponent, n , from indentation data. The procedure involves monitoring the indenter displacement history under constant load and making the assumption that, once its velocity has stabilised, the system is in a quasi-steady state, with stage II creep dominating the behaviour. The stress and strain fields under the indenter are represented by "equivalent stress" and "equivalent strain rate" values. The estimate of n is then obtained as the gradient of a plot of the logarithm of the equivalent strain rate against the logarithm of the equivalent stress. Concerns have, however, been expressed about the reliability of this procedure, and indeed it has already been shown to be fundamentally flawed. In the present paper, it is demonstrated, using a very simple analysis, that, for a genuinely stable velocity, the procedure always leads to the same, constant value for n (either 1.0 or 0.5, depending on whether the tip shape is spherical or self-similar). This occurs irrespective of the value of the measured velocity, or indeed of any creep characteristic of the material. It is now clear that previously-measured values of n , obtained using this procedure, have varied in a more or less random fashion, depending on the functional form chosen to represent the displacement-time history and the experimental variables (tip shape and size, penetration depth, etc.), with little or no sensitivity to the true value of n .
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Jones B, Savvatis K, Campbell J, Kyrgiou M, Roux R, Hall M, Gabra H, Jiao L, Stümpfle R, Fotopoulou C. High complexity cytoreductive surgery for disseminated ovarian cancer in a UK setting: Challenges and possibilities. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Trung NV, Carrique-Mas JJ, Nghia NH, Tu LTP, Mai HH, Tuyen HT, Campbell J, Nhung NT, Nhung HN, Minh PV, Chieu TTB, Hieu TQ, Mai NTN, Baker S, Wagenaar JA, Hoa NT, Schultsz C. Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Colonization in Chickens and Humans in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:94-99. [PMID: 27152998 PMCID: PMC5324551 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a public health concern in both the developed and developing countries. Although the majority of human non‐typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) cases are the result of foodborne infections or person‐to‐person transmission, NTS infections may also be acquired by environmental and occupational exposure to animals. While a considerable number of studies have investigated the presence of NTS in farm animals and meat/carcasses, very few studies have investigated the risk of NTS colonization in humans as a result of direct animal exposure. We investigated asymptomatic NTS colonization in 204 backyard chicken farms, 204 farmers and 306 matched individuals not exposed to chicken farming, in southern Vietnam. Pooled chicken faeces, collected using boot or handheld swabs on backyard chicken farms, and rectal swabs from human participants were tested. NTS colonization prevalence was 45.6%, 4.4% and 2.6% for chicken farms, farmers and unexposed individuals, respectively. Our study observed a higher prevalence of NTS colonization among chicken farmers (4.4%) compared with age‐, sex‐ and location‐ matched rural and urban individuals not exposed to chickens (2.9% and 2.0%). A total of 164 chicken NTS strains and 17 human NTS strains were isolated, and 28 serovars were identified. Salmonella Weltevreden was the predominant serovar in both chickens and humans. NTS isolates showed resistance (20–40%) against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim and ampicillin. Our study reflects the epidemiology of NTS colonization in chickens and humans in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and emphasizes the need of larger, preferably longitudinal studies to study the transmission dynamics of NTS between and within animal and human host populations.
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Benson T, Menezes T, Campbell J, Bice A, Hood B, Prisby R. Mechanisms of vasodilation to PTH 1-84, PTH 1-34, and PTHrP 1-34 in rat bone resistance arteries. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1817-26. [PMID: 26733378 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Parathyroid hormone (PTH) augments bone metabolism and bone mass when given intermittently. Enhanced blood flow is requisite to support high tissue metabolism. The bone arteries are responsive to all three PTH analogs, which may serve to augment skeletal blood flow during intermittent PTH administration. INTRODUCTION PTH augments bone metabolism. Yet, mechanisms by which PTH regulates bone blood vessels are unknown. We deciphered (1) endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation to PTH 1-84, PTH 1-34, and PTHrP 1-34, (2) the signaling pathways (i.e., endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS], cyclooxygenase [COX], protein kinase C [PKC], and protein kinase A [PKA]), and (3) receptor activation. METHODS Femoral principal nutrient arteries (PNAs) were given cumulative doses (10(-13)-10(-8) M) of PTH 1-84, PTH 1-34, and PTHrP 1-34 with and without signaling pathway blockade. Vasodilation was also determined following endothelial cell removal (i.e., denudation), PTH 1 receptor (PTH1R) inhibition and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a nitric oxide [NO] donor). RESULTS Vasodilation was lowest to PTH 1-34, and maximal dilation was highest to PTHrP 1-34. Inhibition of eNOS reduced vasodilation to PTH 1-84 (-80 %), PTH 1-34 (-66 %), and PTHrP 1-34 (-48 %), evidencing the contribution of NO. Vasodilation following denudation was eliminated (PTH 1-84 and PTHrP 1-34) and impaired (PTH 1-34, 17 % of maximum), highlighting the importance of endothelial cells for PTH signaling. Denuded and intact PNAs responded similarly to SNP. Both PKA and PKC inhibition diminished vasodilation in all three analogs to varying degrees. PTH1R blockade reduced vasodilation to 1, 12, and 12 % to PTH 1-84, PTH 1-34, and PTHrP 1-34, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Vasodilation of femoral PNAs to the PTH analogs occurred via activation of the endothelial cell PTH1R for NO-mediated events. PTH 1-84 and PTHrP 1-34 primarily stimulated PKA signaling, and PTH 1-34 equally stimulated PKA and PKC signaling.
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Campbell J, DeYoung L, Chung E, Brock G. 019 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Antioxidants Improve Erectile Function in Diabetic Rats. J Sex Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Campbell J, DeYoung L, Chung E, Brock G. 022 Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Peyronie’s Disease. J Sex Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gaydos N, Gourama H, Cutter C, Campbell J. Survival of spoilage microorganisms associated with pickled sausage using a cold fill process. Meat Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Campbell J, Zhao J, Zaenger D, Colton L, Madi R, Dasher B, Ferguson C, Lewis R, Smith A, Sadek R, Terris M, Kong F. No Significant Difference in Overall Survival between Caucasian and African Americans Patient With Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of 1338 Patients From a Single Institution. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Campbell J, Pyer M, Rogers S, Jones J, Ramirez AJ, Forbes LJL. Promoting early presentation of breast cancer in women over 70 years old in general practice. J Public Health (Oxf) 2015; 38:591-598. [PMID: 26359315 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay in presentation contributes to poorer survival of older women with breast cancer. Research has shown the effectiveness of the promoting early presentation (PEP) intervention when delivered by radiographers in the NHS Breast Screening Programme. This paper investigates the effectiveness of the intervention when delivered by practice nurses in general practice. METHODS The Breast Cancer Awareness Measure was used to compare participants' awareness of breast cancer before, 1 month after and 12 months after the delivery of the PEP intervention. Five hundred and fifty-six women aged over 70 years took part, 308 of whom returned all three surveys. RESULTS The intervention was associated with increased awareness of non-lump breast symptoms and reported breast check frequency. There was a marked increase in breast cancer awareness which persisted for 12 months. Less than 5% of women were classified as 'breast cancer aware' before the intervention, rising to over 25% 1 month afterwards. This percentage dropped slightly after 1 year to just below 20%. CONCLUSION Delivery of the PEP intervention in general practice was very effective at raising the awareness of breast cancer among older women. Primary care settings are well placed to enhance the reach of this kind of intervention to at-risk women.
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Feresin R, Figueroa A, Johnson S, Pourafshar S, Navaei N, Campbell J, Jaime S, Alvarez-Alvarado S, Elam M, Akhavan N, Tenenbaum G, Arjmandi B. Daily Consumption of Strawberries Improves Plasma Nitric Oxide and Adiponectin Levels in Pre- and Stage 1-Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Campbell J, McPeake J, Shaw M, Puxty A, Emerson P, Thomson SJ, Rahman TM, Quasim T, Kinsella J. Validation of a prognostic scoring system for critically ill patients with cirrhosis admitted to ICU. J Intensive Care Soc 2015; 16:240. [PMID: 28979418 PMCID: PMC5606448 DOI: 10.1177/1751143715584779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
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Liu Y, Campbell J. SU-E-P-41: Imaging Coordination of Cone Beam CT, On-Board Image Conjunction with Optical Image Guidance for SBRT Treatment with Respiratory Motion Management. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Campbell J, Wilkinson I, Thalange N, Kavanagh C. 328 Use of an insulin pump combined with the FreeStyle Libre interstitial glucose monitor in a needle-phobic adolescent with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Klein B, Damiani-Taraba G, Koster A, Campbell J, Scholz C. Diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children involved with child protection services: are current diagnostic guidelines acceptable for vulnerable populations? Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:178-85. [PMID: 24942100 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children involved with child protection services (CPS) are diagnosed and treated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at higher rates than the general population. Children with maltreatment histories are much more likely to have other factors contributing to behavioural and attentional regulation difficulties that may overlap with or mimic ADHD-like symptoms, including language and learning problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, attachment difficulties, mood disorders and anxiety disorders. A higher number of children in the child welfare system are diagnosed with ADHD and provided with psychotropic medications under a group care setting compared with family-based, foster care and kinship care settings. However, children's behavioural trajectories change over time while in care. A reassessment in the approach to ADHD-like symptoms in children exposed to confirmed (or suspected) maltreatment (e.g. neglect, abuse) is required. Diagnosis should be conducted within a multidisciplinary team and practice guidelines regarding ADHD diagnostic and management practices for children in CPS care are warranted both in the USA and in Canada. Increased education for caregivers, teachers and child welfare staff on the effects of maltreatment and often perplexing relationship with ADHD-like symptoms and co-morbid disorders is also necessary. Increased partnerships are needed to ensure the mental well-being of children with child protection involvement.
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Nhung NT, Cuong NV, Campbell J, Hoa NT, Bryant JE, Truc VNT, Kiet BT, Jombart T, Trung NV, Hien VB, Thwaites G, Baker S, Carrique-Mas J. High levels of antimicrobial resistance among escherichia coli isolates from livestock farms and synanthropic rats and shrews in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:812-20. [PMID: 25398864 PMCID: PMC4292488 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03366-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mekong Delta farms (Vietnam), antimicrobials are extensively used, but limited data are available on levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Escherichia coli isolates. We performed a structured survey of AMR in E. coli isolates (n = 434) from 90 pig, chicken, and duck farms. The results were compared with AMR among E. coli isolates (n = 234) from 66 small wild animals (rats and shrews) trapped on farms and in forests and rice fields. The isolates were susceptibility tested against eight antimicrobials. E. coli isolates from farmed animals were resistant to a median of 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3 to 6) antimicrobials versus 1 (IQR, 1 to 2) among wild mammal isolates (P < 0.001). The prevalences of AMR among farmed species isolates (versus wild animals) were as follows: tetracycline, 84.7% (versus 25.6%); ampicillin, 78.9% (versus 85.9%); trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 52.1% (versus 18.8%); chloramphenicol, 39.9% (versus 22.5%); amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 36.6% (versus 34.5%); and ciprofloxacin, 24.9% (versus 7.3%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) (resistance against three or more antimicrobial classes) among pig isolates was 86.7% compared to 66.9 to 72.7% among poultry isolates. After adjusting for host species, MDR was ∼8 times greater among isolates from wild mammals trapped on farms than among those trapped in forests/rice fields (P < 0.001). Isolates were assigned to unique profiles representing their combinations of susceptibility results. Multivariable analysis of variance indicated that AMR profiles from wild mammals trapped on farms and those from domestic animals were more alike (R(2) range, 0.14 to 0.30) than E. coli isolates from domestic animals and mammals trapped in the wild (R(2) range, 0.25 to 0.45). The results strongly suggest that AMR on farms is a key driver of environmental AMR in the Mekong Delta.
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Goldin D, George D, Chen C, Guimaraes M, Campbell J, Savin M. Incomplete yttirum-90 infusion and high residual radioactivity during radioembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Chehab M, Savin M, Campbell J, Cash C, Wong C, Schultz C. Yttrium-90 infusion: incidence and outcomes of delivery system occlusions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Bernstein O, Campbell J, Ringash J, Ho C, Tan K. Randomized study of two radiologically guided percutaneous gastrostomy insertion techniques. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Gisbert E, Skalli A, Campbell J, Solovyev MM, Rodríguez C, Dias J, Polo J. Spray-dried plasma promotes growth, modulates the activity of antioxidant defenses, and enhances the immune status of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:278-86. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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125
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McAtamney D, Campbell J. Intravenous extension lines and the potential for residual drug administration. Anaesthesia 2014; 70:115-6. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miller R, Bajrami I, Brough R, Konde A, Campbell J, Rafiq R, Ashworth A, Lord C. 318 Novel therapeutic targets for ARID1A mutant ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bajrami I, Pettitt S, Brough R, Pemberton H, Kastrev D, Fontebasso Y, Frankum J, Campbell J, Ashworth A, Lord C. 147 An integrated approach for identifying E-cadherin synthetic lethality networks. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pettitt S, Krastev D, Pemberton H, Fontebasso Y, Bajrami I, Kozarewa I, Frankum J, Rafiq R, Campbell J, Brough R, Ashworth A, Lord C. 88 Genome-wide drug sensitivity screens in haploid mouse embryonic stem cells. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mujica-Mota RE, Roberts M, Abel G, Elliott M, Lyratzopoulos G, Roland M, Campbell J. Common patterns of morbidity and multi-morbidity and their impact on health-related quality of life: evidence from a national survey. Qual Life Res 2014; 24:909-18. [PMID: 25344816 PMCID: PMC4366552 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background There is limited evidence about the impact of specific patterns of multi-morbidity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from large samples of adult subjects. Methods We used data from the English General Practice Patient Survey 2011–2012. We defined multi-morbidity as the presence of two or more of 12 self-reported conditions or another (unspecified) long-term health problem. We investigated differences in HRQoL (EQ-5D scores) associated with combinations of these conditions after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation and the presence of a recent illness or injury. Analyses were based on 831,537 responses from patients aged 18 years or older in 8,254 primary care practices in England. Results Of respondents, 23 % reported two or more chronic conditions (ranging from 7 % of those under 45 years of age to 51 % of those 65 years or older). Multi-morbidity was more common among women, White individuals and respondents from socio-economically deprived areas. Neurological problems, mental health problems, arthritis and long-term back problem were associated with the greatest HRQoL deficits. The presence of three or more conditions was commonly associated with greater reduction in quality of life than that implied by the sum of the differences associated with the individual conditions. The decline in quality of life associated with an additional condition in people with two and three physical conditions was less for older people than for younger people. Multi-morbidity was associated with a substantially worse HRQoL in diabetes than in other long-term conditions. With the exception of neurological conditions, the presence of a comorbid mental health problem had a more adverse effect on HRQoL than any single comorbid physical condition. Conclusion Patients with multi-morbid diabetes, arthritis, neurological, or long-term mental health problems have significantly lower quality of life than other people. People with long-term health conditions require integrated mental and physical healthcare services. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0820-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Steel N, Hardcastle AC, Bachmann MO, Richards SH, Mounce LTA, Clark A, Lang I, Melzer D, Campbell J. Economic inequalities in burden of illness, diagnosis and treatment of five long-term conditions in England: panel study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005530. [PMID: 25344482 PMCID: PMC4212182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the distribution by wealth of self-reported illness burden (estimated from validated scales, biomarker and reported symptoms) for angina, cataract, depression, diabetes and osteoarthritis, with the distribution of self-reported medical diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to determine if the greater illness burden borne by poorer participants was matched by appropriately higher levels of diagnosis and treatment. DESIGN The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a panel study of 12,765 participants aged 50 years and older in four waves from 2004 to 2011, selected using a stratified random sample of households in England. Distribution of illness burden, diagnosis and treatment by wealth was estimated using regression analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were ORs for the illness burden, diagnosis and treatment, respectively, adjusted for age, sex and wealth. We estimated the illness burden for angina with the Rose Angina scale, diabetes with fasting glycosylated haemoglobin, depression with the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, osteoarthritis with self-reported pain and disability and cataract with self-reported poor vision. Medical diagnoses were self-reported for all conditions. Treatment was defined as β-blocker prescription for angina, surgery for osteoarthritis and cataract, and receipt of predefined effective interventions for diabetes and depression. RESULTS Compared with the wealthiest, the least wealthy participant had substantially higher odds for illness burden from any of the five conditions at all four time points, with ORs ranging from 4.2 (95% CI 2.6 to 6.8) for diabetes to 15.1 (11.4 to 20.0) for osteoarthritis. The ORs for diagnosis and treatment were smaller in all five conditions, and ranged from 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) for diabetes treatment to 4.5 (3.3 to 6.0) for angina diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The substantially higher illness burden in less wealthy participants was not matched by appropriately higher levels of diagnosis and treatment.
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Harcourt-Brown TR, Campbell J, Warren-Smith C, Jeffery ND, Granger NP. Prevalence of Chiari-like malformations in clinically unaffected dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 29:231-7. [PMID: 25319206 PMCID: PMC4858087 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of Chiari‐like malformation (CM) in the generation of clinical signs or the formation of syringomyelia in dogs is incompletely understood, partly because the prevalence of various CM definitions in unaffected dogs is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives The aims were: to estimate the prevalence of CM in dogs asymptomatic for CM or syringomyelia, according to 3 currently used definitions; and, to investigate the effect of brachycephaly and head position during magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on estimates of the prevalence of CM. Animals One ninety‐nine client‐owned dogs without apparent signs of CM or syringomyelia. Methods Blinded, retrospective analysis. Archived MR images were analyzed for evidence of cerebellar indentation and impaction into or herniation through the foramen magnum. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship of CM diagnosis with head position and the cranial index (a measure of brachycephaly). Results In 185 non‐Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) dogs, indentation was identified in 44% (95% CI, 47–51%) and impaction in 22% (95% CI, 16–28%). No asymptomatic, non‐CKCS dogs showed herniation. Regression analysis showed a significant increase in the odds of indentation and impaction in an extended head position and as the cranial index increased (became more brachycephalic). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The high prevalence of cerebellar indentation and impaction suggests that they may be normal anatomical variations and therefore unsuitable as definitions of CM. We suggest that future research into CM in dogs should define cases and controls more strictly so that overlap between normal and abnormal animals is minimized.
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Ridd CJ, Campbell J, Garner JP. Emergency splenectomy for traumatic splenic injury following colonoscopy. TRAUMA-ENGLAND 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1460408614551111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Campbell J. A mechanistic approach to the use of topical therapy to treat neuropathic pain. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2014; 19 Suppl 2:S10-1. [PMID: 25269727 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12080_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Campbell J, Huang Y, Liu Y, Schenken R, Zhong G. Luciferase imaging of chylamdia muridarum ascending infection in mice. Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kong F, Campbell J, Stanton P, Stenmark M, Zhao J, Sadek R, Khleif S, Lawrence T. Immunomodulating Cytokines May Improve Overall Survival Prediction After Radiation Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bak-Klimek A, Karatzias T, Elliott L, Campbell J, Pugh R, Laybourn P. Nature of child sexual abuse and psychopathology in adult survivors: results from a clinical sample in Scotland. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2014; 21:550-7. [PMID: 24304425 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between history of childhood sexual abuse and psychopathology in adult life is well established. However, understanding of the mechanisms by which abuse exerts its effects is limited. To our knowledge, this is the first study which investigates the relationship between a wide range of sexual abuse characteristics (i.e. age at onset, frequency of assaults, number of perpetrators and their relationship to the victim) and the severity of psychopathological disorders in a large sample of adult child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors who attended a specialist Psychotherapy Service for CSA survivors. CSA survivors in our study experienced severe sexual assault(s) in their early years and presented with severe pathology which could suggest a strong causal link. However, none of the examined trauma characteristics significantly predicted severity of psychopathology. This may suggest that for severely disordered, treatment-seeking CSA survivors post-abuse psychopathology could be caused by other factors. The study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that CSA effects may be dependent on factors which are not necessarily related to the nature of sexual abuse. The study findings will help improve clinicians' insight into the determinants of psychopathology.
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Oliver LM, Fisher WS, Dittmar J, Hallock P, Campbell J, Quarles RL, Harris P, LoBue C. Contrasting responses of coral reef fauna and foraminiferal assemblages to human influence in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 99:95-105. [PMID: 24840256 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coral reef biota including stony corals, sponges, gorgonians, fish, benthic macroinvertebrates and foraminifera were surveyed in coastal waters near La Parguera, in southwestern Puerto Rico. The goal was to evaluate sensitivity of coral reef biological indicators to human disturbance. Proxies for human disturbance were measured as distance to town (DTT) and rankings of a low-level sediment contamination gradient analyzed from a previous study. Contaminant rank and DTT showed that percent mud, stony coral taxa richness, reef rugosity, and numbers of invertebrates and sponges were higher at sites closer to human disturbance, but a foraminiferal assemblage index was significantly lower at sites with higher proxies for human disturbance. Fish indicators showed no significant relationships with human activity, but associations between fish community measures and certain measures of stony corals, gorgonians and sponges were found. Contrasting responses between foraminifera and reef organisms may be due to greater exposure and sensitivity of foraminifera to sediment contaminants.
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Greven DEA, Cohen ES, Gerlag DM, Campbell J, Woods J, Davis N, van Nieuwenhuijze A, Lewis A, Heasmen S, McCourt M, Corkill D, Dodd A, Elvin J, Statache G, Wicks IP, Anderson IK, Nash A, Sleeman MA, Tak PP. Preclinical characterisation of the GM-CSF receptor as a therapeutic target in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1924-30. [PMID: 24936585 PMCID: PMC4602263 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Previous work has suggested that the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)–GM-CSF receptor α axis (GM-CSFRα) may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we investigated the cellular expression of GM-CSFRα in RA synovial tissue and investigated the effects of anti-GM-CSFRα antibody treatment in vitro and in vivo in a preclinical model of RA. Methods We compared GM-CSFRα expression on macrophages positive for CD68 or CD163 on synovial biopsy samples from patients with RA or psoriatic arthritis (PsA) to disease controls. In addition, we studied the effects of CAM-3003, an anti-GM-CSFR antibody in a collagen induced arthritis model of RA in DBA/1 mice. The pharmacokinetic profile of CAM-3003 was studied in naïve CD1(ICR) mice (see online supplement) and used to interpret the results of the pharmacodynamic studies in BALB/c mice. Results GM-CSFRα was expressed by CD68 positive and CD163 positive macrophages in the synovium, and there was a significant increase in GM-CSFRα positive cells in patients in patients with RA as well as patients with PsA compared with patients with osteoarthritis and healthy controls. In the collagen induced arthritis model there was a dose dependent reduction of clinical arthritis scores and the number of F4/80 positive macrophages in the inflamed synovium after CAM-3003 treatment. In BALB/c mice CAM-3003 inhibited recombinant GM-CSF mediated margination of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils. Conclusions The findings support the ongoing development of therapies aimed at interfering with GM-CSF or its receptor in various forms of arthritis, such as RA and PsA.
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Patel B, Campbell J, Tiwari D. 17 * AN AUDIT CYCLE INVESTIGATING THE INDICATIONS FOR AND ADEQUATE DOCUMENTATION OF THE INSERTION OF URINARY CATHETERS IN OLDER PATIENTS. Age Ageing 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu036.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chong I, Cunningham D, Campbell J, Bajrami I, Brough R, Frankum J, Lord C, Ashworth A. Druggable Genetic Dependencies for Molecularly Defined Subgroups of Oesophageal Cancer Identified From High-Throughput Functional Profiling. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu164.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bonnist EYM, Pudney PDA, Weddell LA, Campbell J, Baines FL, Paterson SE, Matheson JR. Understanding the dandruff scalp before and after treatment: anin vivoRaman spectroscopic study. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:347-54. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prisby R, Menezes T, Campbell J, Benson T, Samraj E, Pevzner I, Wideman R. Kinetic examination of femoral bone modeling in broilers. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1122-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Goldin D, Campbell J, Emerson S, Bahoura L, George D, Reich S, Savin M. Tumor-to-normal particle deposition ratio in primary versus secondary liver malignancies: impact on tumor dose and radioembolization treatment planning. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Carr AS, Hoeritzauer AI, Kee R, Kinney M, Campbell J, Hutchinson A, McDonnell GV. Acute neuromuscular respiratory failure: a population-based study of aetiology and outcome in Northern Ireland. Postgrad Med J 2014; 90:201-4. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2013-132105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Campbell J, McNamee J, Flynn P, McDonnell G. Teaching NeuroImages: Facial diplegia due to neuroborreliosis. Neurology 2014; 82:e16-7. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Penner GB, Aschenbach JR, Wood K, Walpole ME, Kanafany-Guzman R, Hendrick S, Campbell J. Characterising barrier function among regions of the gastrointestinal tract in Holstein steers. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/an14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterise the regional variation in the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract in Holstein calves using the flux rates of mannitol and inulin as permeability markers and tissue conductance (Gt) as an electrophysiological indicator of barrier function. Six Holstein steer calves (6 months of age) fed a common diet were used. Calves were killed by captive bolt stunning and pithing, and tissues were collected from the rumen, omasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, proximal colon, and distal colon. Tissues were carefully washed using a pre-heated (38.5°C) buffer solution (pH 7.4) saturated with oxygen and then transported to the laboratory. The mucosa was prepared by hand stripping and mounted between two halves of an Ussing chamber (n = 3/region with an exposed surface area of 3.14 cm2 for rumen and omasum and 1 cm2 for all other tissues). All tissues were incubated under short-circuit conditions and exposed to a similar buffer solution except for the energy source; rumen, omasum, caecum, and colon tissues were incubated with buffer containing short-chain fatty acids while tissues from the small intestine were bathed in buffer containing glucose. The Gt and the serosal-to-mucosal flux rates of 14C-inulin and 3H-mannitol were measured as indicators of barrier function. The serosal-to-mucosal flux rate of mannitol was greatest (P < 0.001) in the jejunum [104.8 nmol/(cm2 × h)] and least in the rumen and omasum [20.3 and 18.6 nmol/(cm2 × h), respectively]. In contrast, the serosal-to-mucosal flux rate of inulin was greatest (P < 0.001) in the omasum [158.6 nmol/(cm2 × h)] followed by the rumen [87.3 nmol/(cm2 × h)] with no differences among the other regions [18.7 – 62.0 nmol/(cm2 × h)]. The Gt was greatest (P < 0.001) in the jejunum (34.6 mS/cm2) and least for the rumen (3.67 mS/cm2) and omasum (3.23 mS/cm2). The Gt was correlated with both inulin and mannitol flux rates in duodenum, caecum and proximal colon (P < 0.05); whereas, no such correlations existed in jejunum, ileum and distal colon. The Gt was correlated with the mannitol flux rate but not the inulin flux rate in rumen and omasum. For all regions but the rumen and omasum there was a positive correlation between mannitol and inulin flux rates. These data indicate that the translocation of a large molecule (inulin) across the omasum and rumen is greatest despite having an apparently tight epithelium based on Gt and mannitol flux rate, while the jejunum appears to have greatest potential for paracellular permeability.
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Lavine BK, Fasasi A, Mirjankar N, Nishikida K, Campbell J. Simulation of attenuated total reflection infrared absorbance spectra: applications to automotive clear coat forensic analysis. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:608-615. [PMID: 25014606 DOI: 10.1366/13-07266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection (ATR) is a widely used sampling technique in infrared (IR) spectroscopy because minimal sample preparation is required. Since the penetration depth of the ATR analysis beam is quite shallow, the outer layers of a laminate or multilayered paint sample can be preferentially analyzed with the entire sample intact. For this reason, forensic laboratories are taking advantage of ATR to collect IR spectra of automotive paint systems that may consist of three or more layers. However, the IR spectrum of a paint sample obtained by ATR will exhibit distortions, e.g., band broadening and lower relative intensities at higher wavenumbers, compared with its transmission counterpart. This hinders library searching because most library spectra are measured in transmission mode. Furthermore, the angle of incidence for the internal reflection element, the refractive index of the clear coat, and surface contamination due to inorganic contaminants can profoundly influence the quality of the ATR spectrum obtained for automotive paints. A correction algorithm to allow ATR spectra to be searched using IR transmission spectra of the paint data query (PDQ) automotive database is presented. The proposed correction algorithm to convert transmission spectra from the PDQ library to ATR spectra is able to address distortion issues such as the relative intensities and broadening of the bands, and the introduction of wavelength shifts at lower frequencies, which prevent library searching of ATR spectra using archived IR transmission data.
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Kendler KS, Campbell J. Expanding the domain of the understandable in psychiatric illness: an updating of the Jasperian framework of explanation and understanding. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1-7. [PMID: 23343526 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712003030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Jaspers famously argued that psychiatry has two distinct ways of knowing about psychiatric illness: explanation - which utilizes natural sciences, and objective and empirical methods; and understanding - which reflects our subjective, empathic appreciation of our patients' experiences. He saw a clear division between these two approaches and considered a number of psychotic symptoms to be fundamentally un-understandable. We here argue for an updating of Jasper's view that includes the possibility, due to advances in neuroscience and neuropsychology, for explanation-aided understanding. We describe two scientific explanatory models for kinds of psychotic symptoms deemed un-understandable by Jaspers that illustrate this process. The first describes how dysfunction of the brain dopamine salience system may produce ideas of reference. The second demonstrates that symptoms of made-actions may be caused by abnormalities in the feed-forward motor control system. Both of these models begin at a biological level describing pathological brain processes in neuroscience language but then utilize neuropsychology to 'translate' from brain dysfunction into the mental. Both models break down the pathological pathways into individual subjective elements (particularly misattributing meaning to environmental stimuli and having body parts moved by others) that are understandable because they are common to nearly all of us. The neuropsychology provides hypotheses about the functional and physiological structures underlying familiar subjective experiences. Analyses of disorders of those structures thus provide a scaffold for expanding our empathic understanding of the subjective experiences of those suffering from psychiatric illness.
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Sivasubramanian PS, Reimers LL, Greenlee H, Terry MB, Hershman D, Maurer M, Kalinsky K, Awad D, Xiao T, Sandoval R, Alvarez M, Quirarte A, Campbell J, Crew KD. Abstract P5-13-01: Uptake of breast cancer chemoprevention among high-risk women and those with ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p5-13-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Chemoprevention with antiestrogens, such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibitors (AIs), reduces breast cancer incidence in high-risk women. However, uptake has been poor in the prevention setting. We examined demographic and clinical factors that influenced chemoprevention uptake in women with an elevated Gail risk score (≥1.67%), lobular/ductal carcinoma in situ (LCIS/DCIS), and/or BRCA mutation carriers.
Methods: We enrolled women prospectively without a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, who were seen for an initial consultation by breast surgery or medical oncology at Columbia University Medical Center. Eligibility for chemoprevention included a 5-year Gail risk ≥1.67%, LCIS, known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, or hormone receptor (HR)-positive DCIS. Demographic and risk factor data were collected from a self-administered baseline questionnaire and clinical data from medical chart review, including prior/current chemoprevention, type of antiestrogen, duration of use, and toxicities. Differences in distribution of risk factors between women who ever took chemoprevention and those who did not were examined using chi-square statistics or Fisher's exact test. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using chemoprevention uptake as the dependent variable. A subset of high-risk women completed questionnaires assessing their attitudes towards chemoprevention and perceived risks/benefits.
Results: Among 412 women enrolled between March 2007 and April 2013, 316 (77%) were eligible for chemoprevention. Main reasons for ineligibility included 5-year Gail risk <1.67% (40%), age <35 (24%), HR-negative DCIS (17%), opting for bilateral mastectomies (11%), and medical contraindications (8%). Among those eligible for chemoprevention, median age 53 (26-88); White/Hispanic/Black/Asian/other (%): 55/29/8/7/1; risk category, 5-year Gail risk ≥1.67%/LCIS/DCIS/BRCA mutation (%): 36/22/40/2. Overall, 162 (51%) women started an antiestrogen (72% for DCIS and 37% among high-risk women), including 114 on tamoxifen, 40 on raloxifene, and 11 on an AI. Early discontinuation occurred in 27 (18%) women, but 7 switched to a different antiestrogen. In univariable analysis, postmenopausal status and medical oncology referral were associated with higher chemoprevention uptake. In multivariable analysis, only higher risk was a significant predictor of chemoprevention uptake. Among the subset of women who completed additional questionnaires on attitudes towards chemoprevention, they reported that the most important factors in chemoprevention decision-making included their healthcare provider (50%), results of chemoprevention studies (44%), and knowledge about others’ experience with chemoprevention (44%). The majority (69%) were concerned about side effects, specifically blood clots with tamoxifen and raloxifene and bone fractures with AIs.
Conclusions: In high-risk women seen at an academic breast center, chemoprevention uptake was relatively high compared to the published literature. Further research is needed to determine how the risks and benefits of chemoprevention are best communicated to women to enhance informed decision-making and increase uptake of chemoprevention strategies.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-13-01.
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